考研考博-英语-北京工业大学耿丹学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京工业大学耿丹学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Heis（

）abouthischancesofwinningagoldmedalintheOlympicsnextyear.

问题1选项

A.obvious

B.optional

C.outstanding

D.optimistic

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。obvious明显的，平淡无奇的；optional可选择的，随意的；outstanding杰出的，显著的；optimistic乐观的。

句意：对于在明年奥运会上赢得金牌的机会，他持乐观的态度。选项D符合语境。

2.单选题

IapologizeifI（）you,butIassureyouitwasunintentional.

问题1选项

A.offendC.hadoffended

B.C.hadoffendedB.

C.hadoffendedB.shouldhaveoffended

D.mighthaveoffended

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句的是对过去的事情的虚拟，所以从句中时态应为过去完成时。选项C正确。

3.单选题

Itwasbroadcastontheradiothattrainstothecityweredelayedduetotheexceptionallyheavyrainfloodedanearbyareaeastofit.

问题1选项

A.onthe

B.to

C.flooded

D.eastofit

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法。Dueto后面只能跟名词、动名词或者名词性短语，所以floodedanearbyareaeastofit只能做heavyrain的定语，修饰heavyrain；而heavyrain和flood之间是主动的关系，所以不能用flooded，而要用flooding。句意：电台广播说，由于特大暴雨淹没了该市东部附近地区，前往该市的火车延误了。因此，该题选择C项。

4.翻译题

Bacteria（细菌）,likepeople,canbedividedintofriendandfoe.81.Inspiredbyevidencethatthefriendlysortmayhelpwitharangeofailments（疾病）,manypeopleconsumebacteriaintheformofyogurtsanddietarysupplements.Suchasmatteringofartificialadditions,however,representsbutadropintheocean.Thereareatleast800typesofbacterialivinginthehumangut.AndresearchbyStevenGilloftheInstituteforGenomicResearchinRockville,Maryland,andhiscolleagues,publishedinthisweek’sScience,suggeststhatthecollectivegenomeoftheseorganismsissolargethatitcontains100timesasmanygenesasthehumangenomeitself.

DrGillandhisteamwereabletocometothisconclusionbyextractingbacterialDNAfromthefaeces（粪便）oftwovolunteers.82.Becauseofthecomplexityofthesamples,theywerenotabletoreconstructtheentiregenomes（基因组）ofeachofthegutbacteria,justtheindividualgenes.Butthatallowedthemtomakeanestimateofnumbers.

Whatallthesebacteriaaredoingistrickytoidentify—thebacteriathemselvesaredifficulttocultivate.83.Sotheresearchersguessedatwhattheymightbeuptobycomparingthegenestheydiscoveredwithpublisheddatabasesofgeneswhosefunctionsarealreadyknown.

84.ThiscomparisonhelpedDrGillidentifyforthefirsttimetheprobable

enzymatic（酶（性）的）processesbywhichbacteriahelphumanstodigestthecomplex

carbohydratesinplants.Thebacteriaalsocontainaplentifulsupplyofgenesinvolvedinthesynthesisofchemicalsessentialtohumanlife—includingtwoBvitaminsandcertainessentialaminoacids—althoughtheteammerelyshowedthatthesemetabolicpathwaysexistratherthanprovingthattheyareused.Nevertheless,thepathwaystheyfoundleavehumanslookingmorelikeruminants:animalssuchasgoatsandsheepthatusebacteriatobreakdownotherwiseindigestiblematterintheplantstheyeat.

ThebroaderconclusionDrGilldrawsisthatpeoplearesuperorganismswhosemetabolismrepresentsanamalgamationofhumanandmicrobialattributes.Thenotionof

asuperorganismhasemergedbefore,asresearchersinotherfieldshavecometoviewhumansashavingadiverseinternalecosystem.85.This,suggestsome,willbecrucialtothesuccessofpersonalisedmedicine,asdifferentpeoplewillhavedifferentresponsestodrugs,dependingontheirmicrobialflora.（微生物群落）Accordingly,thenextstep,saysDrGill,istoseehowmicrobialpopulationsvarybetweenpeopleofdifferentages,backgroundsanddiets.

Anotherareaofresearchistheprocessbywhichthesehelpfulbacteriafirstcolonizethedigestivetract.Babiesacquiretheirgutfloraastheypassdownthebirthcanalandtakeagene-filledgulpoftheirmother’svaginalandfaecalflora.Itmightnotbethemostdeliciousoffirstmeals,butitcouldwellbeanimportantone.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

【答案】81.有益菌可以帮助人们治疗多种疾病，受此启发，很多人通过使用酸乳食品和各种补品的办法吸收细菌。然而，这种人为补充细菌的做法是极其肤浅的。

82.由于样本的复杂性，吉尔博士及其研究组人员还不能构建出肠道内细菌的完整基因组，而只能构建出单体基因。不过，这也可以使他们对整体数量作出估算。

83.因此，研究人员只能将发现的基因和那些功能已经研究清楚的基因的公开数据库进行比较，从而猜测可能得到的研究结果。

84.这种比较帮助吉尔博士第一次确定了可能存在的细菌借以帮助人体消化从植物体摄入的复杂碳水化合物的酶催化反应的过程。

85.有人认为，这一点对个性化药物的成功开发是至关重要的，因为不同的人具有不同的微生物群落，对不同的药物有不同的反应。

5.单选题

Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.Becausewedependsoheavilyuponscienceandtechnologyforourprogress,wemustproducespecialistsinmanyfields.Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.

Ineducation,thereshouldbeagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.Thisquestionofbalanceinvolvesnotonlytherelationofthenaturalscience,thesocialsciences,andthearts,butalsorelativeemphasesamongthenaturalsciencesthemselves.

Similarly,wemusthaveabalancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge.Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.

9.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thetaskofeducationisfairlycomplicatedbecause__________.

10.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

11.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.

12.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe___________.

问题1选项

A.thecurrentpublicschoolsystemistoocomplicatedtobeunderstood

B.thepublicschoolsystemhasnochoiceofwhattoteach

C.itisdifficulttodecidewhetherelementaryscienceshouldbetaughtinpublicschools

D.theeducatorshavetotakecareofbothordinaryandgiftedstudents

问题2选项

A.Oneofthemajortasksofeducationistodiscoverthemostpromisingstudents.

B.Inordertoteacheffectively,educatorsarerequestedtolayemphasisononeparticularfield.

C.Somesubjectshavebeenover-emphasizedinpublicschools.

D.Theprogressofthesocietycannotmerelyrelyoninventors.

问题3选项

A.sufficientattentionshouldbegiventobasicknowledge

B.studentsshouldlearnmoreup-to-dateknowledge

C.lackofscientificknowledgewillleadtopoorrelationsbetweenproducersandusersofscientificservices

D.studentsaregettingtoknowtheimportanceofagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledge

问题4选项

A.CurrentSysteminEducation

B.EducationalSituationinPublicSchool

C.BalanceinEducation

D.ImportanceofTeachingScienceandTechnology

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】9.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。由第一段的Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.（然而，公立学校系统没有如此的选择，因为这些工作（教育普通和有天赋的学生）一定要同时进行。）以及Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.（公立学校必须教育为科学服务的生产者和使用者。）由此可知，教育工作之所以会变得相当复杂是因为传授学习的对象并没有进行区分。因此D选项“教育工作者不得不照顾普通的和有天赋的学生”正确，符合题意。A选项“如今的公立学校系统太复杂而不能被理解”，B选项“公立学校系统不能选择教授的东西”，C选项“难以决定基础科学是否应该在公立学校被教授”。在文中均未提及，可排除。故选D。

10.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。由第一段中Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.（如果只需要决定是向大众教授基础科学，还是找到少数有天赋的人，让他们尽可能地学习，那么我们的任务就相当简单了。）这只是作者的一个假设，并没有真正执行。因此A选项“教育的一个主要任务是去发现最有前途的学生”错误，与原文表述不符合。由第二段中Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.（这样的平衡被过分强调某一领域所打破。）可知C选项“一些科目在公立学校中一直被过度强调”正确，符合题意。同理可推理出B选项“为了有效地教学，要求教育者强调某一特定的方面”。根据第一段中Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.（因为我们生活在一个民主的国家，所以，必须教育大部分人了解和支持或评判专家的工作。）民主国家的发展依靠所有人民的努力，而人民并不能局限于发明者。因此D选项“社会的发展不能仅仅依赖发明者”正确，符合题意。故选A。

11.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位在最后一段中Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.（公众的注意力不断地被科学领域的新可能性和新知识的发现所吸引，不应该允许这些将我们的注意力从健全的，已制定的材料转移开，因为这些材料形成了适合初学者的基础课程。）由此可知，初学者应该从最基本的学习材料学起。因此A选项“应该给予基础知识足够的重视”正确，符合题意。B选项“学生应该学习更多最新的知识”，C选项“缺乏科学知识将导致生产者和科学服务使用者之间产生不好的关系”，D选项“学生正慢慢认识到知识学科之间一种良好平衡的重要性”均不符合题意，可排除。故选A。

12.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。由第一段中Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.（然而，公立学校系统没有如此的选择，因为这些工作（教育普通和有天赋的学生）一定要同时进行）第一段提出教育平衡的话题，第二段和第三段围绕教育平衡进行论述。综合而知，本文主要是围绕教育平衡这个话题展开阐述的。因此C选项“教育平衡”正确，符合题意。A选项“如今的教育系统”，B选项“公立学校的教育情况”，D选项“教授科学和技术的重要性”均不符合题意，可排除。故选C。

6.问答题

Theyearsbetween1870and1895broughtenormouschangestothetheaterintheUnitedStatesastheresidentcompanywasunderminedbytouringgroups,asNewYorkbecametheonlymajorcenterofproduction,andasthelongrunreplacedtherepertory（库存）system.By1870,theresidentstockcompanywasatthepeakofitsdevelopmentintheUnitedStates.The50permanentcompaniesof1870,however,haddwindledto20by1878,to8by1880,to4by1887,andhadalmostdisappearedby1900.Whilethecausesofthischangearenumerous,probablythemostimportantwastheriseofthe“combination”company(thatis,onethattravelswithstarsandfullcompany).Sendingoutacompleteproductionwasmerelyalogicalextensionoftouringbystars.Bythe1840’smanymajoractorswerealreadytakingalongasmallgroupoflesserplayers,fortheycouldnotbesurethatlocalcompaniescouldsupplyadequatesupportinsecondaryroles.

Thereismuchdisagreementabouttheoriginofthecombinationcompany.Bouciaultclaimedtohaveinitiateditaround1860whenhesentoutatroupewithColleenBawn,butabookpublishedin1859speaksofcombinationcompaniesasalreadyestablished.JosephJeffersonⅢalsodeclaredthathewasapioneerinthemovement.Inactuality,thepracticeprobablybegantentativelyduringthe1850’s,onlytobeinterruptedbytheCivilWar.Itmushroomedinthe1870’s,astherapidexpansionoftherailwaysystemmadeitincreasinglyfeasibletotransportfullproductions.In1872,LawrenceBarretttookhiscompany,butnoscenery,ontour;in1876,RoseMichelwassentoutwithfullcompany,scenery,andproperties.Bytheseasonof1876—1877therewerenearly100combinationcompaniesontheroad,andby1886therewere282.

81.Whatwasthetrendfortheresidentstockcompaniesattheendofthe19thcentury?

82.Accordingtothepassage,themajorreasonforthedeclineoftheresidentstockcompanieswas

83.Whydidmanyimportantactorsjoinsomeminorplayersin1840’s?

84.Accordingtothepassage,thedevelopmentoffulltouringcompanieswasaidedby

85.WhyisLawrenceBarrenttmentionedinthepassage?

【答案】81.Theydeclined/dwindledgraduallyandalmostdisappearedby1900.

82.Themajorreasonwastheriseofthe“combination”company.

83.Fortheycouldnotbesurethatlocalcompaniescouldsupplyadequatesupportinsecondaryroles.

84.Railwaysystem

85.Heservedasanexampleofthedevelopmentoffullcompanyandhetookanearlycombinationcompanyontour.

【解析】81.【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第三句…haddwindledto20by1878,to8by1880,to4by1887,andhadalmostdisappearedby1900.（到1878年减少到20个，到1880年减少到8个，到1887年减少到4个，到1900年几乎消失）可知答案。

82.【试题解析】细节事实题。问题：居民股票公司衰落的主要原因。定位到文章第一段第四句Whilethecausesofthischangearenumerous,probablythemostimportantwastheriseofthe“combination”company.（虽然造成这种变化的原因很多，但最重要的可能是美国经济的崛起“联合”公司）可知答案。

83.【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段最后Bythe1840’smanymajoractorswere…fortheycouldnotbesurethatlocalcompaniescouldsupplyadequatesupportinsecondaryroles.（到了18世纪40年代，许多主要的行动者已经开始与一小部分较小的行动者合作，因为他们不能确定当地公司是否能够在次要的领域提供足够的支持）可知答案。

84.【试题解析】细节事实题。问题：为什么许多重要的演员在1840年加入了一些次要的角色?定位到文章倒数第三句Itmushroomedinthe1870’s,astherapidexpansionoftherailwaysystemmadeitincreasinglyfeasibletotransportfullproductions.（它如雨后春笋般出现在19世纪70年代，因为铁路系统的迅速扩张使得运输全部产品变得越来越可行。）可知答案。

85.【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段首句可知，本段主旨是关于合并公司的起源。定位到文章最后两句In1872,LawrenceBarretttookhiscompany…（1872年，劳伦斯•巴雷特接管了他的公司…）；Bytheseasonof1876-1877therewerenearly100combinationcompaniesontheroad,andby1886therewere282.（到1876年至1877年的这个季节，有近100家联合公司，到1886年有282家），由此可知是在举关于combinationcompanyontour的例子，而且根据文意可知LawrenceBarrett接手了早期的合并公司。

7.单选题

Marydidn’topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwas（）inherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.

问题1选项

A.explicit

B.implicit

C.internal

D.immortal

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。explicit“明确的，清楚的，直率的”；implicit“含蓄的，暗示的，盲从的”；internal“内部的，内在的”；immortal“不朽的，长生的”。句意：Mary没有公开抨击这项计划，但是她反对的态度含蓄的体现在她没有说任何支持它的话。选项B符合句意。

8.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingthreeunderlinedpartsfromEnglishintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

PassengerjetsofJapan’saircarrierAllNipponAirwaysareseenparkedonthetarmacatTokyoInternationalAirportin2008.TheJapaneseairlineistakingitsweight-savingeffortstonewheights,askingpassengersonsomeofitsflightstovisittherestroombeforeflying.

1.AJapaneseairlineistakingitsweight-savingeffortstonewheights,askingpassengersonsomeofitsflightstovisittherestroombeforeflying.TheunusualrequestisoneofanumberofmeasuresbeingtriedoutbyAllNipponAirwaystoreducefuelconsumption.ANAestimatesthatifhalfitspassengerswenttothebathroombeforeboarding,itcouldreduceitscarbondioxideemissionsby4.2tonsamonth,saidcompanyspokeswomanMegumiTezuka.

2.Theairlinewillalsorecyclepapercupsandplasticbottles,andusechopsticksproducedfromwoodfromforestthinningprojects,aspartofitseffortstobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Themeasuresarebeingtrialedon38domesticflightsandfourinternationalflights—ontheTokyo-Singaporeroute—duringOctober.

3.Themovefollowsearlierstepsbyairlinestoreducetheweightofflightsbytrimmingthesizeofin-flightmagazines,slimmingthehandlesofforksandspoonsandusinglighterdrinktrolleysandporcelain.ANAannouncedinAprilitsfirstannuallossinsixyearsastheglobaleconomicdownturnreducedthenumberofpeopletakingtotheskies.

Itisnottheonlyairlinelookingtothelavatorytosavemoney.IrishbudgetairlineRyanairhaspreviouslysaiditisconsideringchargingpassengerstouseon-boardtoilets.

【答案】1.日本一家航空公司誓将飞机“减负”进行到底，要求其部分航班的乘客在登机前上厕所。

2.作为其环保措施的一部分，该航空公司还将回收纸杯和塑料瓶，并将使用由森林抚育间伐项目所产木材制成的筷子。

3.在全日空公司推出这项举措之前，已有一些航空公司开始为飞机“减负”，如减小机内杂志尺寸、为餐叉和勺子手柄“瘦身”，以及采用更轻便的饮料手推车和瓷器等。

9.单选题

Thejudgedoesn’tknowwhetherthewitnessistellingthetruth,buthewill（

）it.

问题1选项

A.identify

B.enforce

C.distinguish

D.verify

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项identify“认出，鉴定”，多用于在众多物品中选出某一特定物品；B选项enforce“强迫，强化”；C选项distinguish“区别，辨别”；D选项verify“证实，查证，核实”。本句是but连接两个并列句子，根据前面的意思“法官不知道证人说的是否是真话”，推测后面空格部分填入的动词意思应该是“证实，证明”，

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

劳动仲裁类似于中世纪手工业行会的调停话动，它是多步骤申述体制之最终结果。

尽管信托关系可以口头创立，但却一般是经书面文件形式确认。

破坏环境之行为可以被法律规定为犯罪。

因股东大会不够法定人数，故该决议被认定无效。

【答案】Laborarbitration,similartothemediationactivitiesinthemedievalcraftguilds,isthefinalresultofmulti-steprepresentationsystem.

Atrustmaybecreatedorally,butusuallyissetupinawrittenform.

Anactthatisdestructivetotheenvironmentmaybecriminalizedbystatue.

Theresolutionwasinvalidbecausetheshareholder'smeetingwasnotquorate.

11.单选题

WhiletypingHelenhasahabitofstopping（）togiveherlongandflowinghairsmooth.

问题1选项

A.occasionally

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】句意:当Helen打字的时候，她有一个习惯：偶尔停下来平整她飘逸的长发。

考查副词辨析。occasionally偶尔，有吋候;simultaneously同吋地；eventually最终；promptly迅速地，敏捷地。根据题干关键词“stoptogive…(停下来去…)”可知A项符合句意。

12.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Therecentfindingofachangedgeneinobesemice.

B.Abreakthroughinunderstandinggenemodification.

C.Anewlydiscoveredwayforpeopletoloseweight.

D.Theself-repairingabilityofageneinobesemice.

问题2选项

A.Itrendersanorganismunabletofightdiseases.

B.Itpreventsthemice’sfattytissuesfromgrowing.

C.Ithelpsorganismsadapttoenvironmentalchanges.

D.Itrendersmiceunabletosensewhentostopeating.

问题3选项

A.Humanbeingshavemoreobesitygenesthanmostmicedo.

B.Halfofaperson’stotalweightvariationcanbecontrolled.

C.Peoplearebornwithatendencytohaveacertainweight.

D.Thefunctionoftheobesitygenesisyettobeexplored.

问题4选项

A.Theworseningofnaturalenvironment.

B.Theabundantprovisionofrichfoods.

C.Theacceleratedpaceofpresent-daylife.

D.Theadverseimpactofthefoodindustry.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】PassageTwo

[12]Publicinterestwasarousedbythelatestdiscoveryofachangedgeneinobesemice.ThenewswasmadeknownbyRockefellerUniversitygeneticistJeffreyFriedman.Theresearchersbelievethisgeneinfluencesdevelopmentofahormonethattellsorganismhowfatorfullitis.[13]Thosewiththechangedgenemaynotsensewhentheyhaveeatenenoughoriftheyhavesufficientfattytissue,andthuscan’ttellwhentostopeating.

Theresearchersalsoreportedfindingagenenearlyidenticaltothemouseobesitygeneinhumans.Theoperationofthisgeneinhumanshasnotyetbeendemonstrated,however.[14]Still,professionalslikeUniversityofVermontpsychologistEstherRothblumreactedenthusiastically,“Thisresearchindicatesthatpeoplereallyarebornwithatendencytohaveacertainweight,justastheyaretohaveaparticularskincolororheight.”

Actually,behavioralgeneticistsbelievethatlessthanhalfofthetotalweightvariationisprogrammedinthegenes,whileheightisalmostentirelygeneticallydetermined.Whateverrolegenesplay,Americansaregettingfatter.AsurveybytheCenterforDiseaseControlfoundthatobesityhasincreasedgreatlyoverthelast10years.[15]SuchrapidchangeunderlinestheroleofenvironmentalfactorsliketheabundanceofrichfoodsinAmericans’overeating.TheCenterforDiseaseControlhasalsofoundthatteensarefarlessphysicallyactivethantheywereevenadecadeago.

Acceptingthatweightispredeterminedcanrelieveguiltforoverweightpeople.Butpeople’sbeliefthattheycannotcontroltheirweightcanitselfcontributetoobesity.

12.Whatdoesthespeakersayhasarousedpublicinterest?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问什么事引起了公众的兴趣。录音一开头便指出，最近在肥鼠身上发现了变异基因，这一发现引起了公众的兴趣，A选项“最近在肥鼠身上发现了变异基因”是录音原文的复现，因此正确。B选项“在理解基因改造方面实现突破”；C选项“人们减肥的新方法”和D选项“肥鼠身上某种基因的自我修复能力”在录音中没有信息提及，均可排除。

13.Whatdowelearnaboutthechangedgene?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问的是关于变异基因的相关信息。录音指出，那些携带变异基因的老鼠在过量进食时，自身却浑然不觉，因此不知道什么时候应该停止进食，D选项“它使老鼠无法感觉到何时停止进食”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它使生物体无法抵抗疾病”和C选项“它帮助生物体适应环境变化”在录音中没有信息提及；B选项“它阻止老鼠身上脂肪组织的生长”，录音中提及那些携带变异基因的老鼠无法感知自身是否有足够的脂肪组织，因此B选项错误。

14.WhatdoesUniversityofVermontpsychologistEstherRothblumsay?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问佛蒙特大学的心理学家EstherRothblum说了什么？录音说到了EstherRothblum的观点：该研究表明，人天生就有一定的体重倾向，就像肤色和身高一样。C选项“人天生就有某种体重的倾向”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“人的肥胖基因比老鼠的多”，录音中并没有将二者进行比较，因此可排除；B选项“有一半的影响体重的变量是可控的”，录音中只是提及：影响体重的变量中，不到一半由基因决定。至于其他的变量可控不可控并没有指明，该选项属于推断过度；D选项“肥胖基因的功能尚待探索”，这并不是EstherRothblum的观点，因此可排除。

15.WhataccountsforAmericans’obesityaccordingtoasurveybytheCenterforDiseaseControl?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问根据疾病控制中心的调查，美国人肥胖的原因是什么。录音提到，过去十年美国肥胖的人越来越多，这一急剧增长的变化彰显了一些“环境因素”的影响，例如，丰富的食物。B选项中的abundantprovisionofrichfoods是录音中abundanceofrichfoods的同义替换，因此B选项“丰富食物的充足供应”正确。A选项“自然环境的恶化”主要是利用录音中的environmentalfactors作干扰，实际上录音中说的是社会环境而不是自然环境，因此A选项错误；C选项“现今生活节奏的加快”和D选项“食品业的不利影响”在录音中均未提及，因此排除。

13.单选题

Excuseme.Ifyourcallisnottoourgent,doyoumind（）minefirst?

问题1选项

A.Imake

B.ifImake

C.metomake

D.thatImake

【答案】B

【解析】句意:打扰一下！如果你的电话不是很急的话，是否介意我先打个电话？

语法题。考查mind的用法。Mind表示“介意”时，用法有两种:mindone'sdoingsth.(介意某人做某事)；Do(Would)youmindif...(你是否介意…)。因此B项正确。

14.填空题

Who（

）youhowtowriteChinesecharacters?Yourcalligraphyisreallyimpressive!

【答案】

taught

【解析】语义题。句意:谁你写书法?你的书法真令人钦佩!因此空格处应为“教”。而且此处应为过去式,故填taught。

15.单选题

Wearemeanttolivedangerouslyandshouldnotbesheltered.Lifeisaperilousadventure;itsrichnessisinits（

）.

问题1选项

A.hazards

B.security

C.peace

D.length

【答案】A

【解析】句意:人生来就是要去冒险的,而不应该生活在庇护之下;生命就是一场危机四伏的冒险,它的丰富多彩就在于它的危险。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

Weneedtomakesurethatwe（）ourresourcesasfullyaspossible.

问题1选项

A.use

B.exploit

C.employ

D.explore

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义词词义辨析。use“使用”；exploit“开发，开拓”；employ“雇用”；explore“探索，探测”。句意：我们需要确保尽可能全面开发我们的资源。选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

Hemustnotallowthisunusualbarriertostophimfromfightingagainsttheenemy.

问题1选项

A.interior

B.obstacle

C.interruption

D.interference

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。barrier“障碍，屏障；界线”；A选项interior“内部；内饰”；B选项obstacle“障碍，干扰”；C选项interruption“中断；干扰”；D选项interference“干扰，干涉”。句意：他不能让这个不寻常的障碍妨碍他同敌人作战。根据句中“stophim阻止他”可知barrier在这里的意思为“障碍”，因此B选项正确。

18.单选题

The______ofmaterialismhasdominatedthethinkingofyoungpeopleandledthemtopursueasmuchpersonalgainsaspossible.

问题1选项

A.lure

B.tempt

C.seduce

D.induce

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.lure吸引力；诱惑力n.B.tempt引诱；诱惑v.

C.seduce诱奸v.D.induce劝说；诱使v.

【考查点】名词和动词辨析。

【解题思路】分析句子可知，The______ofmaterialism是句子的主语，主语应该为名词、代词或名词性短语，所以空格处要填入一个名词，故只有A项符合条件。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都是动词，不符合句子语法结构。

【句意】物质主义的诱惑主导了年轻人的思想，使他们尽可能地追求个人利益。

19.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,yowarerequiredtowriteacompositiononthetopicArtandLife.Youshouldwritatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(inChinese)below:

1.艺术表现生活的形式

2.艺术作用于生活的方式

3.艺术创新如何促进了社会进步

【答案】略

20.单选题

Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmenandanimalspossess,iftheyareproperlyused.Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidnot,achildwouldburnitselfagainandagain,becausefearwouldnotwarnittokeepawayfromthefirethathadburntitbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist一isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmenandanimalsmightsoondieout.

Inourfirstsentencewesuggestedthatfearoughttobeproperlyused.If,forexample,younevergooutofyourhousebecauseofthedangerofbeingknockeddownandkilledinthestreetbyacar,youarelettingfearruleyoutoomuch.Eveninyourhouseyouarenotabsolutelysafe;anairplanemaycrashonyourhouse,orantsmayeatawaysomeofthebeamsinyourroofsothatthelatterfallsonyou,oryoumaygetcancer!

Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.Fearwillwarnyouofdangers;thenyouhavetodecidewhatactiontotake.Inmanycases,youcantakequickandsuccessfulactionstoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youseeacarcomingstraighttowardsyou;fearwarnsyou,youjumpoutoftheway,andalliswell.

Insomecases,however,youdecidethatthereisnothingthatyoucandotoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youcannotpreventanairplanecrashingontoyourhouse.Inthiscase,fearhasgivenyouitswarning;youhaveexamineditanddecidedonyourcourseofaction,sofearofthisparticulardangerisnolongerofanyusetoyou,andyouhavetotrytoovercomeit.

1.Childrenwouldplaywithfireuntiltheirhandswereburntawayif（）.

2.Areallyfearlesssoldier（）.

3.Fearshouldbeusedproperlybecause（）.

4.Peoplesometimessucceedintimelyavoidingdangerbecause（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedbutnotstated?

问题1选项

A.theyweregivennowarningbeforehand

B.theyhadneverburntthemselves

C.theyhadnosenseofpain

D.theywerefearfulofthefire

问题2选项

A.isoflittleusetothearmy

B.iswithoutequal

C.isnothingbutadeadsoldier

D.easilygetskilledinabattle

问题3选项

A.anairplanemaycrashonyourhouse

B.youmaygetcancer

C.fearcanbeusedasaservantandguide

D.menarenowlettingfearrulethemtoomuch

问题4选项

A.theyhavegainedexperience

B.theyjumpoutofthewayintime

C.theyarecalminfaceofdanger

D.theyarewarnedofthedangerandcantakequickaction

问题5选项

A.Fearisalwayssomethinghelpful.

B.Toomuchfearisharmful.

C.Fearoughttobeusedasaservantandguide.

D.Fearissomethingunprofitable

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.”如果火在燃烧时没有伤到孩子，他们就会一直玩到火烧到自己的手为止。选项B符合原文。

2.细节推断题。根据关键词“fearlesssoldier”定位到第一段第四句“Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist一isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;”一个无畏的士兵不是一个好士兵,因为他很快就会被杀。选项D符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段第一句“Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.”重要的是不要让恐惧支配你，而是要把恐惧当作你的仆人和向导。选项C符合原文。

4.细节推断题。根据题第三段的二三句“Fearwillwarnyouofdangers;thenyouhavetodecidewhatactiontotake.Inmanycases,youcantakequickandsuccessfulactionstoavoidthedanger.”恐惧会警告你有危险；然后你必须决定采取什么行动。在大多数情况下，你可以采取快速和成功的行动来避免危险。选项D符合原文。

5.推断题。选项A中always表述错误；选项C是原文已经阐明的观点；选项D不符合原文。只有选项B正确且符合原文。

21.翻译题

Putthefollowing5sentencesintoChinese.Writethemintheproperspacesonyouranswersheet.

TheAll-ChinaFederationofWomenhasrecentlydroppedthelabelandnowrefersto‘old’unmarriedwomen—buttheleftoverexpressionremainswidelyusedelsewhere.

Theprotoplanetwouldtaketensofthousandsofyearstogrowup,andscientistshopetostudytheentityandgleaninsightsintohowitwascreatedandhowitmightevolve.

Humanlongevityhasimprovedsorapidlyoverthepastcenturythat72isthenew30,scientistshaveclaimed.Moreover,itisnolongerclearwherethepossibleouterboundariesofhumanlifestand.

Thebestwaytocleanyourglassesistorunthemunderwarmwaterandputatinydropofdishwashingdetergentonthetipofyourfingerstocreatealatheronthelens.Thenrinsewithwarmwater,anddiywithaclean,softcottoncloth.

Innovativecompaniesareledbyinnovativechiefexecutives.Theyspendtheirtimeaskingprovocativequesti