考研考博-英语-山东海事职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东海事职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Wearewritingtothemanager（）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

问题1选项

A.withtheexceptionof

B.withthepurposeof

C.withthereferenceto

D.withaviewto

【答案】C

【解析】短语辨析。句意：我们写信给经理，（内容是）（）最近在上述地址进行的修理工作。

withtheexceptionof除...以外；withthepurposeof为了；withthereferenceto关于；withaviewto目的在于。因此，C项withthereferenceto关于符合句意。

2.单选题

Iintendtomovethatourcommittee（）Jimaschairman,andIhopethatyouwillsecondmymotion.

问题1选项

A.willappoint

B.appoints

C.appoint

D.appointed

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。Move在这里表示（在会上）提议、建议。在表建议、命令、要求和愿望的动词后面，宾语从句要用虚拟语气:should+动词原形的用法，should可省略。选项C正确。句意：我提议委员会任命Jim为主席，我希望你能支持我的建议。

3.单选题

TheannualPhiDeltaKappa/GalluppollofattitudestowardspubliceducationreleasedthisweekfoundthatamajorityofAmericansfeelitisimportanttoputa“qualified,competentteacherineveryclassroom”.BobChase,presidentoftheNationalEducationAssociation（NEA.,themainteachers’union,wastednotimeinpointingoutthatthiswillrequireraisingteachers’salariessothatmorequalifiedcandidateswillentertheprofessionandstaythere.AstudybytwoeconomistssuggeststhatthequalityofAmerica’steachershasmoretodowithhowtheyarepaidratherthanhowmuch.

ThepayofAmericanpublicschoolteachersisnotbasedonanymeasureofperformanceinstead,itisdeterminedbyarigidformulabasedonexperienceandyearsofschoolingfactorsmassivelyunimportantindecidinghowwellstudentsdo.Theuniformpayscaleinviteswhateconomistscalladverseselection.Sincethemosttalentedteachersarealsolikelytobegoodatotherprofessions,theyhaveastrongincentivetoleaveeducationforjobsinwhichpayismorecloselylinkedtoproductivity.Fordullards（笨蛋），theincentivesarejusttheopposite.Thedataarestriking:whentestscoresareusedasaproxy（代替物）forability,thebrightestindividualsshuntheteachingprofessionateveryjuncture.Cleverstudentsaretheleastlikelytochooseeducationasamajoratuniversity.

Amongstudentswhodomajorineducation,thosewithhighertestscoresarelesslikelytobecometeachers.Andamongindividualswhoenterteaching,thosewiththehighesttestscoresarethemostlikelytoleavetheprofessionearly.Thestudytakesintoconsiderationtheeffectsofanationwide20%realincreaseinteachersalariesduringthe1980s.Itconcludesthatithadnoappreciableeffectonoverallteacherquality,inlargepartbecauseschoolsdoapoorjobofrecruitingandselectingthebestteachers.Also,evenifhighersalariesluremorequalifiedcandidatesintotheprofession,theoveralleffectonqualitymaybeoffsetbymediocreteacherswhochoosetopostponeretirement.

Thestudyalsotakesaimatteachertraining.Everystaterequiresthatteachersbelicensed,aprocessthatcaninvolveuptotwoyearsofeducationclasses,evenforthosewhohaveauniversitydegreeoragraduatedegreeinthefieldtheywouldliketoteach.Inevitably,thissystemdoeslittletolureingraduatesoftopuniversitiesorprofessionalswhowouldliketoenterteachingatmid-career.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhycleverstudentsrefusetoentertheteachingprofessionisthat（）.

3.“Thedataarestriking:when...thebrightestindividualsshuntheteachingprofessionateveryjuncture”（inParagraph2）meansthat（）.

4.Increaseinteachersalariesdidnotturnoutsoeffectivemainlybecause（）.

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.NEAisthelargestsocietyforteachers.

B.ThepayofAmericanteachersisbasedontheirperformance.

C.SometeachersintheU.S.arenotqualifiedenough.

D.Howmuchtheteachersarepaidisthemostimportantfactor.

问题2选项

A.itofferslowpay.

B.theyhaveinterestinotherprofessions.

C.itdoesnotvalueproductivity

D.itusespoorrecruitingstrategies

问题3选项

A.studentsdoingwellinstudyarewillingtotaketeachingasacareer

B.studentsdoingwellinstudycan’tavoidchoosingteachingasacareer

C.studentsdoingwellinstudyarereluctanttobeteachers

D.studentsdoingwellinstudyarenotreluctanttobeteachers

问题4选项

A.schoolsdidapoorjobofchoosingteachers

B.mediocreteachersalwayspostponeretirement

C.thesalarieswerenotattractiveenough

D.teachersdidn’thaveequalopportunities

问题5选项

A.trainingisnecessaryforthosewhowanttobecomeagoodteacher

B.thosewhowanttobecometeachersintheU.S.havetobelicensed

C.manygraduatesoftopuniversitieswouldliketoenterteaching

D.thereisannualincreaseinteachersalariesintheU.S.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句话提到NEA,themainteacher’sunion，由此可知选项A的说法是错误的，可以排除；文章第二段第一句话thepayofAmericanpublicschoolteachersisnotbasedonanymeasureofperformance，由此可知选项B说法错误，可以排除；文章第一段最后一句话提到America’steachershasmoretodowithhowtheyarepaidratherthanhowmuch，由此可知选项D说法错误，可以排除。综上，选项C符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第二段提到有才华的老师可能擅长其他领域的职业，所以他们有强烈的动机离开教育行业，转而从事其他那些薪酬与生产效率挂钩的工作（sincethemosttalentedteachersarealsolikelytobegoodatotherprofessions,theyhaveastrongincentivetoleaveeducationforjobsinwhichpayismorecloselylinkedtoproductivity），这也说明教育行业的薪酬与生产效率无关，所以那些聪明学生并不愿意套入教育领域，选项C符合题意。

3.判断推理题。划线句子的大意是那些最聪明的学生并不愿意踏入教育领域，选项C“那些学习成绩好的学生不愿意成为教师”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章第三段提到becauseschoolsdoapoorjobofrecruitingandselectingthebestteachers，因此选项A符合题意。

5.细节事实题。文章倒数第一段提到everystaterequiresthatteachersbelicensed（每个州都要求老师有执照），选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Withouttheassistanceofthosegiantmachinesnobridge（）onriverlastyear.

问题1选项

A.couldbebuilt

B.wouldbebuilt

C.shouldhavebeenbuilt

D.couldhavebeenbuilt

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知,事情发生在去年,并且已经完成,所以这里用过去完成时,首先排除选项A和B。选项C指本应该做某事却没有做,不符合句意,所以选项D正确。

5.单选题

Oldpeopleare（

）toclaimaspecialheatingallowancefromthegovernment.

问题1选项

A.engaged

B.charmed

C.involved

D.entitled

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。Engaged“使用中的”；charmed“着迷的”；involved“涉及的”；entitled“有资格的，有权的”。句意：老人有资格向政府申请特别的取暖津贴。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Thereissupposedtobeasafety（）whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

问题1选项

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项appliance“器具，器械”；B选项accessory“配件，附件”；C选项machine“机器”；D选项mechanism“机制，原理，途径”。句意：应该有一种安全_____使火车不可能相撞。这里考查固定搭配safetymechanism“安全机制”，因此D选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Theoriginalelectionsweredeclared（）bytheformermilitaryruler.

问题1选项

A.void

B.vulgar

C.surplus

D.extravagant

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：最初的选举由前军事统治者宣布。Void无效的；vulgar庸俗的；surplus多余的；extravagant奢侈的。因此，A项void符合句意。

8.单选题

Thestoryistoldthatinthe,medievalUniversityofParistheprofessorsweredisputingaboutthenumberofteethinahorse’smouth.Theyagreedthatthenumbercouldnotbeamultipleofthree,forthatwouldbeanoffensetotheTrinity;norcoulditbeamultipleaseven.NeithertherecordsofAristotlenortheargumentsofStThomasenabledthemtosolvetheproblem.Thenashockingthinghappened.Astudentwhohadbeenlisteningthediscussionwentout,openedahorsedmouthandcountedtheteeth.

Iwanttodrawtwoconclusionsfromthisparable.Thefirstisthatourpresentperplexitiesaboutuniversitiesderivefromtheactofthismedievalstudent.Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.Hisactintroducedresearchintotheuniversity.Afterthehorse'smouthwasopenedknowledgebecameanopensystem.Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal.Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom.Tostayoutsidethecorpusacademicismsetbookseventointerprettheminnovelwayswastocourtheresy.Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.Itwasatcertainperiodsnoteveninterestedinknowledgeforitsownsake.Manyscholarspursuedknowledge.Ifnorforprefermentthenasameansofspiritualandintellectualhealth,justasamanplays,golfnotforthesakeofgolfbuttokeepdownweight.

Iwanttofollowthesetwolinesofthoughtbyraisingthreequestion.Thefirstiswhatdowewanttoperpetuatefromtheuniversity'slongtradition?What,inotherwords,isthecontentofourloyaltytotheuniversityideal?Secondlywhatobligationsdoestheuniversityhave—_whatloyaltiesoughtittofoster—towardscontemporarysociety?Andthirdly,whataretheprospectsthatthesetwoloyalties—onetoatraditionaluniversityidealtheothertothesocietyinwhichwelivecanbereconciled?

1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（

）.

2.Theauthorusestheparabletoshowthat（

）.

3.Thepassagestatesthat（

）.

4.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreewith（

）.

5.Theword“novel”inparagraph2isasynonymto（

）.

6.Itcouldbeinferredthattheauthormentionsallthefollowingexcept（

）.

问题1选项

A.themostimportantfunctionofauniversity

B.thedifferencesbetweenmodernandmedievaluniversities

C.thecontentoftheuniversityideal

D.theauthor'sopiniononeducation

问题2选项

A.scientificresearchshouldbebasedonfact

B.thetraditionaluniversityidealisacceptable

C.oneshouldalwaysobserveanimalscarefully

D.onemustlistencarefullytowhatotherssay

问题3选项

A.Therelationshipbetweenteacherandstudentisverysimple

B.Manyscholarspursueknowledgeforspiritualandintellectualhealth

C.Therealizationoftheuniversityidealdependsonseveralimportantfactors

D.Theuniversity'slongtraditionalispreferredbymanyscholars

问题4选项

A.Theoriesmustbecombinedwithpractice.

B.Scienceisnotrelatedtoimaginations

C.Theteachingenvironmentisthemostimportantinachievingtheuniversityideal

D.Themedievaluniversityhadlittlemerits.

问题5选项

A.clever

B.brave

C.new

D.interesting

问题6选项

A.thetraditionalteachingmethods

B.objectiveinquiry

C.thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife

D.revoltagainstauthority

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者通过寓言引出传统教育理念，并对此做出两个结论：第一，我们目前对大学的困惑源于这位中世纪学生的行为，即客观探究、反抗权威等；第二，对传统大学理念要三思后再考虑践行。最后，作者提出三个疑问，一是我们应该延续传统大学的什么内容？大学有什么义务？这两种忠诚（一种是对传统大学理想的忠诚，另一种是对社会的忠诚）的前景是什么？这些内容都是和教育有关，因此答案为D选项“作者对教育的看法”。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“Iwanttodrawtwoconclusionsfromthisparable.”，中文翻译为我想从这个寓言中得出两个结论。以及后文“Thefirstisthatourpresentperplexitiesaboutuniversitiesderivefromtheactofthismedievalstudent.Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.Hisactintroducedresearchintotheuniversity.”，中文翻译为：第一，我们现在对大学的困惑源于这个中世纪学生的行为。他象征着客观探究的开始、对权威的反抗、经验主义的态度、学术研究与生活事实的联系。他的行为把研究引入了大学。和“Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal…”，中文翻译为：第二个结论是，在我们对传统的大学理想产生怀旧情绪之前，我们必须三思而后行。可以得知B选项“传统大学教育理想是可以接受的”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal.”，中文翻译为：第二个结论是，在我们对传统的大学理想产生怀旧情绪之前，我们必须三思而后行。因此，C选项“大学理想的实现取决于很多重要因素”最符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由A项可以定位到文章第二段，第二段谈及“寓言中学生的行为象征着客观探究的开始，对权威的反抗，经验主义的态度，学术研究与现实生活的联系。”则排除A选项；B选项在文章内没有提及；由C选项“教学环境是实现大学理想的重中之重”可以定位到文章第二段中“Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom…Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.Itwasatcertainperiodsnoteveninterestedinknowledgeforitsownsake.Manyscholarspursuedknowledge.”，中文翻译为：中世纪的大学敌视我们现在所说的学术自由……传统大学对发现不太感兴趣：它专注于固定文化的传播。在某些时期，它甚至对知识本身不感兴趣。许多学者追求知识。判断C选项正确；由D项可以定位到文章中“Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.”，中文翻译为：传统大学中不是所有东西都值得保留。以及文章提及在对传统大学理想产生怀旧情绪之前需要三思，判断出D项错误。故C为正确答案。

5.词义猜测题。根据题干关键词“novel”可以定位到第二段中“Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom.Tostayoutsidethecorpusacademicismsetbookseventointerprettheminnovelwayswastocourtheresy.Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.”，中文翻译为：并不是所有的传统大学都值得保留。中世纪的大学敌视我们现在所说的学术自由。置身于学术文集之外，甚至以新颖的方式解读书籍，都是在招惹异端。传统大学对发现不太感兴趣：它专注于固定文化的传播。可以得知C项“新的”最为符合。

6.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.”，中文翻译为：他象征着客观探究的开始，对权威的反抗，经验主义的态度，学术研究与现实生活的联系。因此只有A选项没有提及，符合题意。

9.单选题

Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferent（）oftheworld.

问题1选项

A.impressions

B.complications

C.foundations

D.conceptions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项impressions“印象，观感”；B选项complications“并发症”；C选项foundations“基础，房建”；D选项conceptions“怀孕，概念，设想”。句意：来自不同文化的人对世界有不同的（）。这句话表达的意思是“不同的人对世界有不同的看法”，因此A选项符合题意。

10.单选题

IfIhadacarofmyown,I（

）ittoyoursisteryesterday.

问题1选项

A.willlend

B.wouldlend

C.shouldlend

D.wouldhavelent

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据yesterday可知,这里是对过去情况的虚拟。从句为had+过去分词,主句应该用wouldhave+过去分词。所以选项D正确。

11.单选题

Ihadanexperiencesomeyearsagowhichtaughtmesomethingaboutthewaysinwhichpeoplemakeabadsituationworsebyblamingthemselves.OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”astheBiblewouldsay;bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife.Theirhomeshappenedtobeneareachother,soIpaidcondolencecallsonthetwofamiliesonthesameafternoon.

Atthefirsthome,thesonofthedeceasedwomansaidtome,“IfonlyIhadsentmymothertoFloridaandgottenheroutofthiscoldandsnow,shewouldbealivetoday.It’smyfaultthatshedied.”Atthesecondhome,thesonoftheotherdeceasedwomansaid,“IfonlyIhadn’tinsistedonmymother’sgoingtoFlorida,shewouldbealivetoday.Thatlongairplaneride,theabruptchangeofclimate,wasmorethanshecouldtake.It’smyfaultthatshe’sdead.”

Whenthingsdon’tturnoutaswewouldlikethemto,itisverytemptingtoassumethathadwedonethingsdifferently,thestorywouldhavehadahappierending.Priestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.Becausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadly,theybelievedthattheoppositecourse—keepingMotherathome,postponingtheoperationthatwouldhaveturnedoutbetter.Afterall,howcouldhaveturnedoutanyworse?

Thereseemtobetwoelementsinvolvedinourreadinesstofeelguilty.Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappens.Thatleadsustofindpatternsandconnectionsbothwheretheyreallyexistandwheretheyexistonlyinourminds.

Thesecondelementisthenotionthatwearethecauseofwhathappens,especiallythebadthingsthathappen.Itseemstobeashortstepfrombelievingthateveryeventhasacausetobelievingthateverydisasterisourfault.Therootsoffeelingmaylieinourchildhood.Psychologistsspeakoftheinfantilemythofomnipotence.Ababycomestothinkthattheworldexiststomeethisneeds,andthathemakeseverythinghappeninit.Hewakesupinthemorningandsummonstherestoftheworldtoitstasks.Hecries,andsomeonecomestoattendtohim.Whenheishungry,peoplefeedhim,andwhenheiswet,peoplechangehim.Veryoften,wedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen.

1.Whatissaidaboutthetwodeceasedelderlywoman?

2.Theauthorhadtoconductthetwowomen’sfuneralsprobablybecause（

）.

3.Peoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirlovedonesbecause

（

）.

4.Inthecontextofthepassage,“...theworldmakessense”(Line2,Para.4)probablymeansthat

（

）.

5.Peoplehavebeenmadetobelievesinceinfancythat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theylivedoutanaturallife.

B.Theydiedofexhaustionafterthelongplaneride.

C.Theyweren’taccustomedtothechangeinweather.

D.Theydiedduetolackofcarebyfamilymembers.

问题2选项

A.hewantedtoconsolethetwofamilies

B.hewasanofficialfromthecommunity

C.hehadgreatsympathyforthedeceased

D.hewaspriestofthelocalchurch

问题3选项

A.theycouldn’tfindabetterwaytoexpresstheirgrief

B.theybelievethattheywereresponsible

C.theyhadneglectedthenaturalcourseofevents

D.theydidn’tknowthingsoftenturnoutintheoppositedirection

问题4选项

A.everythingintheworldispredetermined

B.theworldcanbeinterpretedindifferentways

C.there’sanexplanationforeverythingintheworld

D.wehavetobesensibleinordertounderstandtheworld

问题5选项

A.everybodyisattheircommand

B.lifeanddeathisanunsolvedmystery

C.everystoryshouldhaveahappyending

D.theirwishesarethecauseofeverythingthathappens

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.細节事实题。根据文章第一段的OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”astheBiblewouldsay;bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife(那是在一月，我连着为两位年迈的老人主持葬礼,正如圣经中所说，这两位老人都是在经历了漫长和完整的人生之后的身体正常耗尽)可知选项A“两位老人终其天年”与文章意思相符。

2.判断推理题。题目是问“作者需要为两位老人办理丧事的原因有可能是什么。选项A:因为作者想安慰这两个家，B:因为作者是那个社区的公务人员，C:因为作者对死者怀有无限同情和D:因为作者是当地教堂的牧师，并且根据原文Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”as...中的关键词officiate“主持宗教仪式”和onsuccessivedays“连续”可知极有可能的原因是选项D。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息Peoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirloved定位至第三段:Priestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.,而后面紧接着说到原因:Becausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadly,theybelievedthattheoppositecourse—keepingMotherathome,postponingtheoperationthatwouldhaveturnedoutbetter(当他们的行动计划引起了坏的结果时，他们就会相信如果当初采取不同的行动计划，如将母亲留在家里以及将计划延期，那么结果就会好很多)，由此可知人们通常会对至亲的去世感到内疚是因为他们认为自己对于至亲的去世负有贵任，即选项B。

4.语义题。第四段主要是对我们常常会感到自责的原因之一的介绍，根据这—段中的Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappens.“一方面是因为我们非常相信世界自有其道理，也就是说世间的一切都有某发生存在的原因”可知theworldmakessense意思是世间的一切都有其发生存在的原因，故答案选项为C。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一句话Veryoften,wedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen.“通常，我们都没有从那个婴儿时期形成的观念中摆脱出来，即一切事件都发生都取决于我们自身的意念”，故答案选项为D“他们自身的意念是导致一切发生的根本原因”。

12.单选题

Theconceptofpersonalchoice（）healthbehaviorsisanimportantone.

问题1选项

A.infaceof

B.incaseof

C.inrelationto

D.inchargeof

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项infaceof“面对、面临”；B选项incaseof“假如、万一”；C选项inrelationto“关于、涉及”；D选项inchargeof“负责、掌管”，句意：个人选择与健康行为的关系是一个重要的概念。个人选择与健康行为是相关的关系，因此选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

Thelovethat（）takesupresidenceinthesoulandhelpscompleteus.

问题1选项

A.stands

B.bears

C.endure

D.lengthens

【答案】C

【解析】stand"忍受,抵抗";bear"忍受,支撑";endure"持续,忍耐";lengthen"变长,延长"。句意：爱持续占据灵魂,使我们变得完整。选项C符合句意。

14.单选题

Ascientistdoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable.Instead,healwayschecks,studiesandmakesexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelyto_____them.

问题1选项

A.testify

B.verify

C.affirm

D.assert

【答案】B

【解析】词义辨析动词。A选项testifyv.证明，作证，证实；B选项verifyv.核实，查证；C选项affirmv.肯定，断言；D选项assertv.维护，坚持，断言。根据句意逻辑，B项正确。【试题答案】一个科学家不会接受不是基于完整论据论证的结论，事实上，他通常会检查、钻研、仔细客观地做实验，从而证实这些假设。

15.单选题

TheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsago.Now,twitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication―butnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.

Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.

Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsofwhatwascertainlyastormytime.

Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.

Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocusontopicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople’shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.

Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformationmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinameaningfulandinterestingway.WhentheH1N1pandemicwasannounced,theideaof“swineflu”scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.

Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonna’sspeechaboutMichaelJackson,afterhisdeath,highlightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusic.

It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.

Ifyou’retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyourargument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalkbeforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance.

Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumightbeaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyourlanguagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.

Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe’rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtoperfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolearnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.

7.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause____.

8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?

9.PublicspeakingcanplayallthefollowingrolesEXCEPT____.

10.Thephrase“paystributeto”inPara.7isclosestinmeaningto____.

11.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheauthor’sviewon“greatspeakingability”?

12.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople

B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusiness

C.itplaysimportantrolesinhumancommunication

D.itisofgreatuseineveryday-lifecontext

问题2选项

A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems.

B.Speechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemics.

C.Themoraleofsoldiersbeforeabattlecanbeboostedbyseniorofficers’speeches.

D.Speechespayingtributetothedeadcancomfortthemourners.

问题3选项

A.toconvincepeopleinadebate

B.toinformpeopleatapresentation

C.toadvisepeopleatwork

D.toentertainpeopleatawedding

问题4选项

A.expressesone’ssympathyorpity

B.expressesone’sadmirationorrespect

C.expressesone’scomfortorencouragement

D.expressesone’ssadnessormelancholy

问题5选项

A.Itcomesfromobservingrules.

B.Itcanbeperfectedwitheasyeffort.

C.Itcanbeacquiredfrombirth.

D.Itcomesfromlearningandpractice.

问题6选项

A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.

B.Themanyusesofpublicspeaking.

C.Publicspeakingindailylifecontext.

D.Therulesofpublicspeaking.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:B

【解析】7.事实细节题。

1）精准定位：根据题干“作者认为口语仍然是不可替代的，因为____”，可定位到原文第2段Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:Persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.（口语可以有各种重要的功能：劝说或激励、告知、表达敬意、娱乐、或单纯介绍某人或某事或接受某事。）

2）综合理解：A选项“它一直被用来激励或说服人们”，是原文提到的原因之一，但不是全部，该选项属于以偏概全，排除；B选项“它在娱乐业中扮演着重要的角色”，原文虽然提到了entertaining，但原文指的就是娱乐，而不是选项中所说的娱乐业，更没有说在娱乐业中扮演着重要角色，该选项属于偷换概念，排除；C选项“它在人类交流中扮演着重要的角色”，该选项是对原文各种功能的概括，表述正确；D选项“它在日常生活中很有用”，可定位到原文第8段It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.（不仅仅是在世界论坛上，公众演讲扮演着重要的角色。在我们自己的生活中，它也会有惊人的帮助。）根据句意，该选项指提到了日常生活一个方面，而没有提到其他方面，属于以偏概全，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

8.事实细节题。

1）精准定位：题干“关于公众演讲的作用，下列哪个陈述是不正确的？”

A选项“在世界论坛上的发言可以为解决世界问题带来有效的措施”可定位到原文第4段最后一句WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.（当各国领导人2009年12月在哥本哈根会晤时，活动人士富有说服力的言辞鼓励他们承诺采取更坚定的行动。）哥本哈根会晤是世界论坛，但是原文指是说发言“鼓励他们承诺采取更坚定的行动”，而不是选项中所说“带来了有效的解决措施”，该选项表述错误，属于过度推理。

B选项“在流行病时期，医疗权威的演讲可以让人们平静下来”，可定位到原文第6段最后两句WhentheH1N1pandemicwasannounced,theideaof“swineflu”scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.（当H1N1流感大流行出现时，“猪流感”的想法吓坏了许多人。世界卫生组织官员的信息丰富的讲话帮助人们控制恐慌情绪，以便采取明智的预防措施。）世界卫生组织官员地演讲安抚了人们对H1N1流行病的恐慌情绪，选项表述正确。

C选项“在战斗前，高级军官的演讲可以提高士兵的士气”，可定位到原文第5段最后一句Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.（在战争期间，将军们用鼓舞人心的演讲让军队做好战斗准备。）将军演讲可以鼓励士兵做好战斗准备，即提高士气，选项表述正确。

D选项“悼念死者的演讲可以安慰哀悼者”，可定位到原文第7段第1句Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.（悲伤的事情从来都不容易处理，但一篇向失去所爱的人表达敬意并赞扬他们的贡献的演讲可能会让人感到安慰。）从句意可知，选项表述正确。

2）综合理解：由此可知，题干要求选出表述不正确的一项，B、C、D三个选项均表述正确，属于反向干扰，只有A选项表述错误，符合题意。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

9.事实细节题。

1）精准定位：题干“除了____，公共演讲有一下所有的作用”，可定位到原文第8段最后一句Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.（在我们自己的生活中，它也会有惊人的帮助。）第8段之后的几段就介绍公众演讲在我们日常生活中的作用。

A选项“在辩论中说服别人”，可定位到第9段第1句Ifyou’retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyourargument.（如果你参加辩论，你需要让听众相信你的论点是正确的。）由此可知，在辩论中说服别人是演讲的作用之一，选项表述正确。

B选项“在展示时给人们提供信息”，可定位到第9段最后一句Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance.（你自己可能会被要求在大学或工作中做一个报告，向其他人介绍一个至关重要的领域。）由此可知，在展示时给人们提供信息是演讲的作用之一，选项表述正确。

C选项“在工作中给人们提供建议”，原文并未提及，属于无中生有。

D选项“在婚礼上招待人们”，可定位到第10段最后一句Oryoumightbeaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyourlanguagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.（或者你可能会被要求在家庭活动或婚礼上介绍一位演讲者，在这些