考研考博-英语-新疆大学考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新疆大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thedealwasheldinabeyanceuntilhisarrival.

问题1选项

A.adduce

B.suspension

C.bay

D.court

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项adduce“（v.）举出；引证”；B选项suspension“悬浮；暂停；停职”；C选项bay“海湾；狗吠声”；D选项court“法院；球场；朝廷；奉承”。句意：在他到来之前，这笔交易被暂时搁置。abeyance“中止，停顿；归属待定，暂搁”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。

2.翻译题

这些书都没有解释这一现象。

【答案】Noneofthesebooksexplainthephenomenon.

3.单选题

Currentdatasuggestthat,although（）statesbetweenfearandaggressionexist,fearandaggressionareasdistinctphysiologicallyastheyarepsychologically.

问题1选项

A.simultaneous

B.exceptional

C.partial

D.transitional

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：现有数据表明，尽管恐惧和攻击之间有（）状态存在，但是恐惧和攻击无论是从心理角度还是生理角度来看都是截然不同的。

simultaneous同时的，联立的；exceptional异常的，例外的；partial局部的，偏爱的，不公平的；transitional变迁的，过渡。D选项“过渡”状态符合句意。

4.单选题

TheBritishconstitutionis______alargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.

问题1选项

A.by

B.at

C.which

D.to

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：英国宪法在很大程度上是上述历史事件的产物。D选项toalargeextent“在很大程度上”，A选项byalargeextent和B选项atalargeextent非固定搭配，C选项which引导从句。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Imustgonow.（）,ifyouwantthatbookI’llbringitnexttime.

问题1选项

A.Incidentally

B.Accidentally

C.Occasionally

D.Subsequently

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项incidentally“顺便说一句；偶然地；附带地”；B选项accidentally“意外地；偶然地”；C选项occasionally“偶尔；间或”；D选项subsequently“随后，其后；后来”。句意：我现在必须离开了。顺便说一句，如果你想要那本书，那么我下次将把它带来。根据句中“Imustgonow我现在必须离开了”可知“顺便说一句”符合语境，因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

W:Wouldyoulikemetogetyousometea?

M:Notnow,thanks.Maybelater.

Q:Whatdoesthemanwant?

问题1选项

A.Todrinkteainawhile.

B.Toprepareteahimself.

C.Togetthewomansometealater.

D.Todrinksomethingelse.

【答案】A

【解析】根据男士的回答“Notnow,thanks.Maybelater.现在不用，谢谢。可能一会儿会需要。”可知A选项‘一会儿再喝’正确。

7.问答题

Humanbeingsaresocial(A)animalswhousuallyprefernotliving(B)in(C)physicalorpsychologicalisolation(D).

【答案】试题答案：B;tolive

【解析】考查固定搭配。prefertodosth.意为“更喜欢做某事”。

8.单选题

Heseemstobe（

）enoughtoclimbtothemountaintopinanhour.

问题1选项

A.radiant

B.conscientious

C.conspicuous

D.energetic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。radiant意为“光芒四射的，辐射的”；conscientious意为“认真负责的”；conspicuous意为“明显的”；energetic意为“精力充沛的，充满活力的”。

句意：他似乎精力充沛，能够在一小时内爬上山顶。

9.单选题

WhenIsaidgoodbyetoher,she（）thedoor.

问题1选项

A.sawmeat

B.setmeoff

C.sentmeto

D.showedmeto

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项seeat“看到在……”，B项setoff“出发，动身”，C项sendto“送……去……”，D项showto“向……展示”。前半句的意思是“当我向她说再见的时候”，那么根据后面的door（门）可以猜测，空格部分表示“送到门口”。句意：当我跟她说再见时，她把我送到门口。因此，该题选择C项正确。

10.单选题

Electricvehiclesarepotentialgamechangersintransportation,asectorwhich（

）largestshareofoilconsumption.

问题1选项

A.poses

B.assumes

C.represents

D.owes

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。pose意为“产生，提出，摆好姿势”；assume意为“假定，认为”；represent意为“代表”；owe意为“欠，归功于，应给予”。

句意：电动汽车是交通运输中潜在的游戏变革者，是占石油消费比重最大的部门。

11.单选题

Havingbeenanofficesecretaryforsomeyears,shealways（）choresinaresponsibleway.

问题1选项

A.goeson

B.goesfor

C.goeswithout

D.goesabout

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项goon“继续”，B项gofor“主张，拥护”，C项gowithout“没有……也行”，D项goabout表示“着手做，从事”。句意：她当了几年办公室秘书，做事总是很负责任。因此D项正确。

12.单选题

Hotelroomsmustbe（）bynoon,butluggagemaybeleftwiththeporter.

问题1选项

A.departed

B.abandoned

C.vacated

D.displaced

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。depart“离开，出发”;abandon“放弃，遗弃”;vacate“空出，腾出”;displace“取代，转移”。句意:旅馆的房间必须在中午前空出来，但行李可以交给行李搬运工。选项C符合句意。

13.单选题

Thevegetativeformsofbacteriaareexterminatedby（

）intheair,althoughthedifferentspeciesexhibitpronounceddifferencesintheirresistance.

问题1选项

A.combusting

B.quenching

C.shrinking

D.dehydrating

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。combust燃烧的，烧焦的；quenching(quench)压抑；熄灭；shrinking收缩，萎缩；dehydrating脱水。句意：即使不同的物种在它们的抗争中显现出显著的差异，但是细菌繁殖体还是能以脱水的方式被根除。D项符合题意。

14.单选题

IworkasanofficeassistantinasmallbutgrowinggardenequipmentmanufacturingcompanyinCalifornia.Afewmonthsago,mybossgavemethejobofwritingsomesalesletterswhichwouldbesenttotheexistingcustomersofourcompany.Theobjectivewastogetsomeofourexistingcustomerstopurchaseanewproductthatourcompanyhadjustlaunched.

Now,Ihadneverwrittensaleslettersbeforeinmylifeandhadnoideaofhowtowriteeventhefirstword.AndevenifIendedupwritingafewlines,becauseIwassoinexperienced,chanceswerethatthesaleslettersandbusinessletters,wouldbombcompletelyandwouldhardlygenerateanysalesforourcompany.So,inordertolearnhowtocreatemoreeffectivesalesletterIwenttotheInternetandlookedupafewsiteswhichweresellingsamples,templatesandexamplesofsaleslettersthatclaimedwould“increasesalesby10000%”.Becausetheyweren’ttooexpensive,Ibought2suchpackages.

Bigmistake.Ifoundthatthesamplesandtemplatesofthesaleslettersandbusinesslettersincludedinthemlookedsocheapthattherewasnoway.Iwasgoingtosendthemtoourcustomers.EvenIwouldhavedoneabetterjobofwritingsalesletters!SoIsearchedsomemore,andcameacrossasitebelongingtoapersonlivinginMarylandcalledYanikSilver.Hetoowassellingsometemplatesandsamplesofsaleslettersandbusinessletters.Afterhavingbeendupedwith2suchpackages,Iwasnaturallysuspicious.Ireadthroughhissiteandfoundthathewasofferingamoneybackguarantee.Whilethatmademefeelabitmorecomfortable,IfirsthadtodeterminewhetherthispersonwouldbearoundtohonortheguaranteeshouldIwanttoreturnthepackage.SoIsentanemailtohim(justtotestwhetherherepliestocustomers，emails)andIgotareplyfromhimwithin4hours.Ialsosawacommentinhissitebyoneofhiscustomerswhohadactuallygotarefundfromhimassoonashehadaskedfortherefund.

Feelingmorecomfortable,Idecidedtogoaheadandbuythepackagethathewasselling.Well,Iwasblownaway!Thesamples,examplesandtemplatesofthesaleslettersandbusinesslettersincludedinhispackagewerepreciselytheonesthatIwaslookingfor.Andtheywerefar,farbetterthananyofthetemplatesincludedinthe2otherpackagesIhadbought.Iquicklycustomizedoneofthesaleslettertemplatestofitmyneeds,haditapprovedbymyboss,andsentthemovertoourcustomers.Within2weeksfromthetimethatIsentouttheletter,about36%ofthecustomerswhoreceivedtheletterendedupbuyingournewproduct.YoucouldsaythatmybosswasimpressedwithwhatIhaddone!

Sincethen,Ihavewrittenquiteafewsaleslettersforourcompany(simplybycustomizingthetemplatesincludedinYank’spackage)andallofthemhavegeneratedexcellentsalesforus.So,ifyouwanttolearnhowtowritesaleslettersthatgetthesale,IhighlyrecommendYanik’spackage.

1.Thepurposeoftheletterstheauthorwasaskedtowritewasto（

）.

2.Thesamplelettersandtemplatesweresobadthat（

）

3.YanikSilverpromisesthat（

）

4.To“customize”(thefourthparagraph)somethingmeansto“（

）

5.Thispassageismostprobablyusedfor（

）.

问题1选项

A.conveyinformationabouthiscompanytonewcustomers

B.promoteanewproducttoregularcustomers

C.increasethesalesofanewproductamongregularcustomers

D.explainthestrengthsofanewproducttoexistingcustomers

问题2选项

A.customerscomplainedabouttheircontentandformats

B.theauthorfeltthathecouldhavewrittenbetterones

C.customersendedupbyrefusingtogiveanyreply

D.theyannoyedthecustomersandtheboss,too

问题3选项

A.hewillreplywithin4hourswhenhereceivesanemailfromacustomer

B.acustomerwillberefundedifhissamplesandtemplatesdonotwork

C.hewillgoovertocustomerstoseewhatletterssuittheirsituationbetter

D.hewillpaythepostageifthesamplesandtemplatesarereturnedinaparcel

问题4选项

A.orderitandhaveitdeliveredover

B.changeitandmakeitattractive

C.modifyittosuitone’spurpose

D.purchaseitonregularbasis

问题5选项

A.promotion

B.instruction

C.guidance

D.introduction

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句话Theobjectivewastogetsomeofourexistingcustomers

topurchaseanewproductthatourcompanyhadjustlaunched，从这句话可知作者被要求写销售函件的目的是为了向他们现有的顾客推销他们公司的新产品，所以选项B符合题意。

2.文章第三段提到Ifoundthatthesamplesandtemplatesofthesaleslettersandbusinesslettersincludedinthemlookedsocheapthattherewasnoway.Iwasgoingtosendthemtoourcustomers.EvenIwouldhavedoneabetterjobofwritingsalesletters!作者在网上买的两页销售信件模板实在太差，他自己都可以写得比这个好。选项B符合题意。

3.文章第三段提到YanikSilver将会offeringamoneybackguarantee（不满意退费），选项B符合题意。

4.文章第四段提到作者对YanikSilver提供的模板很满意。Iquicklycustomized

oneofthesaleslettertemplatestofitmyneeds“我很快便找到了适合我需要的模板”，之后得到了老板的认可。由此可知，作者在原来的模板上进行了修改。选项C符合题意。

5.文章是作者亲身经历，他向读者介绍了网上一个不错的销售信件模板。他是偶然在网上发现YanikSilver这个网址，所以不能说是promotion(推销)，单纯地介绍了这个网址，所以选项D符合题意。instruction“指示，命令”；guidance“指导，引导”。

15.单选题

Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmfinally______.

问题1选项

A.deteriorated

B.dispersed

C.dissipated

D.drained

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”，B项disperse“分散，使散开”，C项dissipate“浪费，使……消散”，D项drain“排水，流干，喝光”。根据句子前半部分意思“在同一个工作上干了四年之后”，结合关键词enthusiasm“热情”可推断，空格处填入dissipated“枯竭”符合语境。句意：他干同样的工作干了四年后，热情终于枯竭了。因此，该题选择C项正确。

16.单选题

Hehasbeenlefttosquirminamireofnewallegations.

问题1选项

A.quagmire

B.moraine

C.plumed

D.fragmire

【答案】A

【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项quagmire“沼泽，泥泞地；困境，尴尬的处境”；B选项moraine“冰碛石”；C选项plumed“（adj）有羽毛的；羽毛状的；用羽毛装饰的”；D选项fragmire无实际意义。句意：他陷入了新的指控的泥沼中。mire“泥潭；泥沼”，与该词意思最相近的是A选项，因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

I.Jurisprudence

Itispracticallyimpossibletoimagineconstitutionallawwithoutdissent.TheveryfirstopinionintheCharterera—thePatriationReference—wasmarkedbyit.Dissentispowerfulandevocative,evenmythic;itsuggestsroadsnottakenandparalleluniverses.Itevokesafundamentaland,sometimes,unsettlingcontingencyaboutlaw.Itcanbeproblematic,disruptingeasyunderstandingsofhowtoacourt“getsitright”and,thus,damagingtoacourt’slegitimacy.

Yet,dissenthaspositiveaspects,too.Itcan:betterarticulatenormsandunderstandingsunderlyingkeydecision-rules;provideacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy;laythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw;provideanecessaryoutletfordisagreementthatotherwisemightconstrainandfrustratejudicialactors;andevensecurebroaderacceptanceofamajoritydecisionbyshowingthatitisaproductofdeliberation.

Inthispaper,Ipresentanotherpossible“upside”todissentthatfocusesontheissueinQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.A:equality.First,IcanvasstwowaysthatdissentmanifestsinCharterjurisprudence:one(functional)relatingtothejudiciary’sappropriateroleinconstitutionaldisputes;andtheother(principled)relatingtotheidentification,scopeorapplicationofrulesandnorms.Thetwomodelsarerichlyrepresentedinequalityjurisprudence.IntheSupremeCourt’sfirstSection15case,Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbia,theCourtdividedoverthefunctionalquestionofhowcloselytheCourtshouldscrutinizelegislateddifference.Insubsequentcases,theCourthasstruggledtoreachconsensusonthemeaningofequalityitself—anissueofprinciple.

Thefactthatequalityjurisprudencehasbeencharacterizedbychronicdisagreementmightappearunfortunate.Butmyreviewofsection15caselawsuggeststhat,byprovidingthespacetofullyfleshoutpointsofdisagreement,dissenthascontributedtoricheraccountsofequality.BorrowingthelanguageofCassSunstein,Isuggestthatadividedequalitydecisionthatistheresultoffailuretoreachagreementon“deep”issuesispreferabletoonethat,asthepriceofunanimity,remains“shallow”.IconcludethatthedecisioninQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.Aisdeepratherthanshallowandso,despiteitsfrustratingdivisions,itisonthewholebetterthanmanyoftheunanimousequalitydecisionsthatprecededit.

1.TheauthorlistedthefollowingpositiveaspectsofdissentBUT___.

2.Fromthethirdparagraph,onecanknowthefollowingBUT___.

3.Theauthorthinksthatadividedequalitydecisionispreferablebecause___.

4.Whatisthemostsuitabletopicfortheseparagraphs?

问题1选项

A.Itprovidesacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy

B.Itcanlaythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw

C.Itcanprovideanecessaryoutletfordisagreement

D.Itcanbedamagingtoacourt’slegitimacy

问题2选项

A.Theauthordiscussesthecasesinwhichthefunctionofdissentsisobviousintwoways

B.Thesubsequentcasesweredecidedbyconsensus

C.Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbiaisaconstitutionalcaserelatingtoSection15

D.Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbiawasnotdecidedunanimously

问题3选项

A.itcontributestoricheraccountsofequality

B.itisdeep

C.itisonthewholebetter

D.isfrustratinglydivided

问题4选项

A.TheDissentinEqualityJurisprudence

B.TheUpsideofDissent

C.TheUpsideofDissentinEqualityJurisprudence

D.TheEqualityJurisprudence

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Itcanbeproblematic,disruptingeasyunderstandingsofhowtoacourt“getsitright”and,thus,damagingtoacourt’slegitimacy.（它可能会造成问题，扰乱人们对法院如何“正确处理”的简单理解，从而损害法院的合法性）可知选D选项“它可能会损害法院的合法性”，D选项不属于积极的方面；根据题干关键词“positiveaspectsofdissent”定位到原文第二段Yet,dissenthaspositiveaspects,too.Itcan:betterarticulatenormsandunderstandingsunderlyingkeydecision-rules;provideacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy;laythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw;provideanecessaryoutletfordisagreementthatotherwisemightconstrainandfrustratejudicialactors;（然而，异议也有积极的一面。它可以：更好地阐明关键决策规则背后的规范和理解；对盛行的正统学说提供一种反叙事；为法律的未来发展奠定基础；为可能限制和挫败司法行为人的分歧提供一个必要的发泄途径）可知A选项“它是对主流正统观念的一种反驳”，B选项“可以为法律的未来发展奠定基础”，C选项“它可以为分歧提供一个必要的出口”都属于积极的方面。因此D选项符合题意。

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段IntheSupremeCourt’sfirstSection15case,Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbia,theCourtdividedoverthefunctionalquestionofhowcloselytheCourtshouldscrutinizelegislateddifference.Insubsequentcases,theCourthasstruggledtoreachconsensusonthemeaningofequalityitself—anissueofprinciple.（在最高法院第15节的安德鲁斯诉不列颠哥伦比亚省法律协会案中，最高法院就法院应在多大程度上仔细审查立法上的差异这一功能问题存在分歧。在随后的案件中，最高法院一直在努力就平等本身的含义达成共识——这是一个原则问题）可知B选项“随后的案件由协商一致决定”不符合原文，原文只是提到在随后的案件中，最高法院一直在努力就平等本身的含义达成共识，以及C选项“安德鲁斯诉英属哥伦比亚法律协会案是与第15条有关的宪法案件”，D选项“安德鲁斯诉英属哥伦比亚法律协会案并不是一致决定的”符合原文；定位到原文第三段First,IcanvasstwowaysthatdissentmanifestsinCharterjurisprudence:one(functional)relatingtothejudiciary’sappropriateroleinconstitutionaldisputes;andtheother(principled)relatingtotheidentification,scopeorapplicationofrulesandnorms.（首先，我考察了不同意见在宪章判例中的两种表现方式：一种（功能性）与司法机关在宪法争端中的适当作用有关；另一个（原则性的）与规则和规范的确定、范围或适用有关）可知A选项“作者从两个方面讨论了不同意见的作用”符合原文。因此B选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据题干定位到最后一段最后一句IconcludethatthedecisioninQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.Aisdeepratherthanshallowandso,despiteitsfrustratingdivisions,itisonthewholebetterthanmanyoftheunanimousequalitydecisionsthatprecededit.（我的结论是，魁北克（总检察长）诉A案的裁决是深刻的，而不是肤浅的，因此，尽管存在令人沮丧的分歧，但总体上比之前许多一致通过的平等裁决要好）可知选B选项“它是深刻的”，因为裁决更深刻，所以尽管有分歧，但总体上还是比之前许多一致通过的平等裁决要好，C选项“总体上比较好”错误，逻辑关系和原文相反，D选项“令人沮丧的分裂”逻辑关系错误；A选项“它有助于更丰富的平等的解释”在原文中提及，但并不是作者认为分割的平等决定更可取的原因，只是说dissenthascontributedtoricheraccountsofequality（不同意见有助于更丰富地解释平等）。因此B选项正确。

4.推理判断题。文章第一段提出宪法没有异议是不可能的，以及提到异议可能带来的问题，引出第二段，提出异议的积极面；第三段Inthispaper,Ipresentanotherpossible“upside”todissentthatfocusesontheissueinQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.A:equality.（在这篇论文中，我提出了另一个可能的“积极面”，以关注魁北克（总检察长）诉案的问题：平等）可知，这一篇文章主要在讨论异议的积极面，以及基于全文在探讨法律的基调，则选C选项“平等法学中异议的正面”；A选项“平等法中的异议”，D选项“平等法理学”太过片面；B选项“异议的好处”范围太广，概括不如C选项精确。因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Whatare[A]thequalitiesthatapersonneedsinordertomakeagreatspeech?ThereisanoldChinesesaying[B]thatgoes,“amanisgoodbecauseofhismouth,andahorseisgoodbecauseofitslegs.”Humans[C]haveabilitytocommunicatethroughspeech,andinspeechwehaveaspecialopportunity[D]tomakeimpact.

问题1选项

A.thequalities

B.thatgoes

C.haveability

D.tomakeimpact

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定用法。D选项处应表示“产生影响”，impact是可数名词，因此正确用法应为“tomakeanimpact”。

19.单选题

Theanotherofthebookhasshownhisremarkablekeen（）intohumannature.

问题1选项

A.intellect

B.insight

C.perception

D.understanding

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。intellect智力，理解力；insight洞察力；perception知觉，感觉，也有洞察力的意思，但通常与of搭配；understanding理解力。选项中,只有insight后接介词into，所以本题选B。句意：这本书的另一篇展现了他非凡的对人性敏锐的洞察力。

20.单选题

Ofthegreatvarietyofopinionsconcerning“marriageformoney”，thefollowingthreeareimportantwithreferencetothedevelopmentoftheimportanceofmoney.Marriagesbasedexclusivelyuponeconomicmotiveshavenotonlyexistedinallperiodsandatallstagesofdevelopment,butareparticularlycommonamongprimitivegroupsandconditionswheretheydonotcauseanyoffenceatall.Thedisparagementofpersonaldignitythatnowadaysarisesineverymarriagethatisnotbasedonpersonalaffection―sothatasenseofdecencyrequirestheconcealmentofeconomicmotives—doesnotexistinsimplercultures.Thereasonforthisdevelopmentisthatincreasingindividualizationmakesitincreasinglycontradictoryanddiscreditabletoenterintopurelyindividualrelationshipsforotherthanpurelyindividualreasons.

Fornowadaysthechoiceofapartnerinmarriageisnolongerdeterminedbysocialmotives(thoughregardfortheoffspringmaybeconsideredtobesuchamotive),insofarassocietydoesnotinsistuponthecouple’sequalsocialstatus―acondition,however,thatprovidesagreatdealoflatitudeandonlyrarelyleadstoconflictsbetweenindividualandsocialinterests.Inaquiteundifferentiatedsocietyitmayberelativelyirrelevantwhomarrieswhom,irrelevantnotonlyforthemutualrelationshipofthecouplebutalsofortheoffspring.Thisisbecausewheretheconstitutions,stateofhealth,temperament,internalandexternalformsoflifeandorientationsarelargelythesamewithinthegroup,thechancethatthechildrenwillturnoutwelldependslessuponwhethertheparentsagreeandcomplementeachotherthanitdoesinhighlydifferentiatedsociety.Itthereforeseemsquitenaturalandexpedientthatthechoiceofthepartnershouldbedeterminedbyreasonsotherthanpurelyindividualaffection.Yetpersonalattractionshouldbedecisiveinahighlyindividualizedsocietywhereaharmoniousrelationshipbetweentwoindividualsbecomesincreasinglyrare.

Thedecliningfrequencyofmarriagewhichistobefoundeverywhereinhighlycivilizedculturalcircumstancesisundoubtedlydue,inpart,tothefactthathighlydifferentiatedpeopleingeneralhavedifficultyinfindingacompletelysympatheticcomplementtothemselves.Yetwedonotpossessanyothercriterionandindicationfortheadvisabilityofmarriageexceptmutualinstinctiveattraction.But,happinessisapurelypersonalmatter,decideduponentirelybythecouplethemselves,andtherewouldbenocompellingreasonfortheofficialinsistenceonatleastpretendinglovemaybemisleading—particularlyinthehigherstrata,whosecomplicatedcircumstancesoftenretardthegrowthofthepurestinstincts—nomatterhowmuchotherconditionsmayaffectthefinalresults,itremainstruethat,withreferencetoprocreation,loveisdecidedlysuperiortomoneyasafactorselection.Infact,inthisrespect,itistheonlyrightandproperthing.

Marriageformoneydirectlycreatesasituationofpanmixia—theindiscriminatepairingregardlessofindividualqualities―aconditionthatbiologyhasdemonstratedtobethecauseofthemostdirectanddetrimentaldegenerationofthehumanspecies.Inthecaseofmarriageformoney,theunionofacoupleisdeterminedbyafactorthathasabsolutelynothingtodowithracialappropriateness—justastheregardformoneyoftenenoughkeepsapartacouplewhoreallybelongtogether—anditshouldbeconsideredasafactorindegenerationtothesameextenttowhichtheundoubteddifferentiationofindividualsmakesselectionbypersonalattractionmoreandmoreimportant.Thiscasetooillustratesoncemorethattheincreasingindividualizationwithinsocietyrendersmoneyincreasinglyunsuitableasamediatorofpurelyindividualrelationships.

1.Accordingtothetext,whatissaidtoinfluencematrimonialcompatibilityandstabilityinsimplercultures?

2.Marriagesmotivatedbymonetaryaspirationsaremorelikelynottobecamouflagedinwhatstrataofsociety?

3.Themarriagerateissaidtobedecreasingbecause（

）.

4.Howisthequestionofraceinrelationtomarriagesimilartothequestionofmoney?

5.Panmixiaissaidto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Personaldignity

B.Economicdecline

C.Monetaryconsiderations

D.Financialgrowth

问题2选项

A.Upper

B.Middle

C.Lower

D.Lowest

问题3选项

A.wedemandtoomuchofourpartners

B.partnersdon’tgivecompliments

C.peoplearetoodifferentiatedsocially

D.theeconomicdisparityinmanyregionsisgrowing

问题4选项

A.Theyfuelmutualinstinctualattraction.

B.Theyinspireindividualresponsibilities.

C.Theydeflectsuperficialrelationships.

D.Theyprohibitsuitablemarriages.

问题5选项

A.aidtheselectionprocess

B.complementindividualization

C.inspirepositiveresults

D.setupbiologicaldecline

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Marriagesbasedexclusivelyuponeconomicmotiveshavenotonlyexistedinallperiodsandatallstagesofdevelopment,butareparticularlycommonamongprimitivegroupsandconditionswheretheydonotcauseanyoffenceatall.（完全基于经济动机的婚姻不仅存在于所有时期和发展的所有阶段，而且在原始群体和根本不构成犯罪的条件下尤其普遍）可知经济因素影响婚姻的兼容性和稳定性，因此C选项“货币因素”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的andtherewouldbenocompellingreasonfortheofficialinsistenceonatleastpretendinglovemaybemisleading—particularlyinthehigherstrata,whosecomplicatedcircumstancesoftenretardthegrowthofthepurestinstincts（官方坚持至少假装爱可能会误导人，这是没有说服力的理由的——尤其是在高层，他们复杂的环境常常阻碍最纯粹本能的发展）可推测以金钱愿望为动机的婚姻在社会的高层，更可能伪装，相反，在社会的最低层，最不可能伪装，因此选D。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Thedecliningfrequencyofmarriagewhichistobefoundeverywhereinhighlycivilizedculturalcircumstancesisundoubtedlydue,inpart,tothefactthathighlydifferentiatedpeopleingeneralhavedifficultyinfindingacompletelysympatheticcomplementtothemselves.（在高度文明的文化环境中随处可见的结婚率下降的部分原因是，高度分化的人很难找到一个完全与符合自己的互补）可知结婚率下降的部分原因是很难找到与自己互补的人，说明人们之间的差异大，因此C选项“人们在社会上的差异太大”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Inthecaseofmarriageformoney,theunionofacoupleisdeterminedbyafactorthathasabsolutelynothingtodowithracialappropriateness—justastheregardformoneyoftenenoughkeepsapartacouplewhoreallybelongtogether（在为钱而结婚的情况下，一对夫妇的结合是由一个与种族适当性完全无关的因素决定的，就像对金钱的重视常常会使真正属于一对夫妇的人分开一样）可知D选项“他们阻止合适的婚姻”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Marriageformoneydirectlycreatesasituationofpanmixia—theindiscriminatepairingregardlessofindividualqualities―aconditionthatbiologyhasdemonstratedtobethecauseofthemostdirectanddetrimentaldegenerationofthehumanspecies.（为钱而结婚直接造成了一种无差别的情况——不分个人素质的不分青红皂白的配对——生物学已经证明，这种情况是导致人类物种最直接和最有害的退化的原因）可知D选项“引发生物衰退”符合题意。

21.单选题

Sheadmiredthedirectortosuchanextentthatshetookhiswords______asoracles.

问题1选项

A.divine

B.rebellious

C.faithful

D.unbearable

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项divine“神圣的；极好的”；B选项rebellious“叛逆的”；C选项faithful“忠实的”；D选项unbearable“无法忍受的”。句意：她非常崇拜她的主管，到了把他的话当作神谕一样______。根据语境，这里指把主管的话看得像神谕一样神圣，A选项divine“神圣的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

22.单选题

Chineseoftenshakemyhandanddon’tletgo.Theytalkawaycontentedly,（

）ofmydiscomfortandstruggletodisengagemyhand.

问题1选项

A.oblivious

B.patent

C.obvious

D.pernicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。oblivious“不知道的；未觉察到的”；patent“专利的；显然的”；obvious“明显的；显著的”；pernicious“有害的；恶性的。句意：中国人经常握住我的手不放。他们非常满意地交流，没有察觉到我的不舒服和试图解开自己的手。选项A符合题意。

23.单选题

Astheworld’slargestgrainexporter,theUnitedStateshas（

）powerovertheworldfooddistributionsystem.

问题1选项

A.assorted

B.unrivaled

C.compounded

D.intrigued

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。Assorted“各种各样的”；unrivaled“至高无上的,无敌的”；compounded“复合的,”intrigued“好奇的，被迷住的”。句意：美国作为世界上最大的粮食出口国，对世界粮食分配系统有着最高的权利。选项B符合题意。

24.单选题

Somepeople（

）avoidquestionsofrightandwrongorremainneutralaboutthem.

问题1选项

A.violently

B.enthusiastically

C.sincerely

D.deliberately

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。violently“猛烈地”；enthusiastically“热心地”；sincerely“诚挚地”；deliberately“故意地”。句意：有些人有意回避对错的问题，或对此保持中立。选项D符合题意。

25.单选题

Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeit（

）whenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.

问题1选项

A.compacted

B.dispersed

C.delayed

D.restricted

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。compacted“压缩；压紧”；dispersed“分散；传播”；delayed“延迟”；restricted“限制”。句意：我们都有自由选择权，不喜欢在社会的法律和道德界限内看到自由被限制。选项D符合题意。

26.单选题

Duringthesummerholidayseasonthereareno（）roomsinthisseasidehotel.

问题1选项

A.empty

B.blank

C.deserted

D.vacant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项empty“空的；无意义的；无知的；徒劳的”，一般指可容纳人或者物的容器还未容纳进去；B选项blank“空白的；空虚的；单调的”，一般指表面无字迹的；C选项deserted“荒芜的；被遗弃的；无人居住的”；D选项vacant“空的；空缺的；空闲的”，多侧重于指某个位置没有人居住或者占用导致空闲的。由本句关键词“rooms”（房间）可知，这里是指没有空余的房间，所以与vacant相对应。句意：在夏季假期期间，这家海滨旅馆没有空房了。因此D选项正确。

27.单选题

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople’scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker’shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerica.

2.