考研考博-英语-三峡大学科技学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三峡大学科技学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

RacingtheclockeverydayissuchasanexhaustingeffortthatwhenIactuallyhaveafewfreemoments,Itendtocollapse.

问题1选项

A.falldown

B.fallill

C.fallout

D.fallbehind

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天与时间赛跑是一种累人的工作，当我真正有点空闲时间时，我感觉要……。falldown“倒塌”；fallill“生病”；fallout“脱落”；fallbehind“落后，逾期”。划线单词的意思是“倒塌，倒下”，选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Beingborninthesummercouldgiveyouasunnydispositionforlife.Andawinterbirthdaymightcastapermanentshadow______yourhappiness,scientistsbelieve.

问题1选项

A.through

B.cross

C.beneath

D.over

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。castapermanentshadowover…“给……投上阴影；使减弱”。句意：出生在夏天可以给你的生活一个阳光的性格。科学家们认为，冬季的生日可能会给你的幸福蒙上永久的阴影。因此选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

________theendofthewhalingindustrycamehardtimesforseaportslikeNewBedfordandNantucket.

问题1选项

A.With

B.Wasit

C.That

D.Moreover

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：（）捕鲸业的终结，像新贝德福和南塔开特这样的港口迎来了艰难的时刻。withtheendof是固定搭配。因为这里是介词短语提前，所以主句用了完全倒装。选B选项会造成句子有两套主谓结构，不符合语法。C选项“那个”，D选项“此外”不符合句意。

4.单选题

Icanthinkofnothingmore（

）thanarrivingatthetheateranddiscoveringthatIhavelefttheticketsathome.

问题1选项

A.vicious

B.inviting

C.vexatious

D.immoral

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。vicious“恶毒的，恶意的”；inviting“吸引人的，诱人的”；vexatious“令人烦恼的，让人生气的”；immoral“不道德的，邪恶的”。句意：我想不出有什么事比到了电影院却发现把电影票落在家里更令人烦恼。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Youcanalwaysuse（）glassifyouneedtoblockastreetview.

问题1选项

A.convertible

B.decorous

C.opaque

D.salient

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项convertible“可改变的；可转换的；可兑换的”；B选项decorous“礼貌得体的”；C选项opaque“（玻璃、液体等）不透明的，不透光的，浑浊的”；D选项salient“显著的；最重要的”。句意：如果你需要遮挡街景，可以使用（）玻璃。opaque“（玻璃）不透明的，不透光的”，glass（玻璃）可以遮挡光，符合语境。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Weather（）,thepicnicwillbeheldasscheduled.

问题1选项

A.permits

B.shouldpermit

C.willpermit

D.permitting

【答案】D

【解析】考查独立主格结构。后半句thepicnicwillbeheldasscheduled.“野餐会如期举行。”是一个完整的句子，句中并不缺少谓语成分，因此使用独立主格来充当本句的状语。句意：天气允许的话，野餐会如期举行。weather是permit的逻辑主语，两者间是一种主动关系，因此选用permit的现在分词形式，故选D。

7.单选题

Thoughthepoliciesofracial（

）hadbeenabolished,manywhitesintheSouthwerestilldubiousaboutthesafetyofthecommunities.

问题1选项

A.segregation

B.regulations

C.communism

D.extinction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。segregation“分离；隔离”；regulations“［管理］条例；章则”；communism“共产主义”；extinction“灭绝；消失”。句意：尽管种族隔离制度已经被废除，但是南方很多白人仍然质疑社区的安全。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

8.

问题1选项

A.Acustomsofficer.

B.Theman'smother.

C.Aschoolheadmaster.

D.Animmigrationofficer.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Weunderstandthatyouarenotattendingschool.

M:I’vebeenattending,but,I’vebeensickrecently.

W:You’veattendedonlythreedayssincelastJuly.

M:Threedays?No.It’sbeenmorethanthat.

W:Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa.

Q:Whatisthewoman?

【解析】推断题。女士说：Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa(我们得收回你的签证)，说明女士是一名移民官。

9.单选题

Themachinemightworkifwe（）itverycarefully.

问题1选项

A.obtain

B.operate

C.oppose

D.object

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果我们非常小心地操作这台机器,那么它可能会运转。

考查动词辨析。obtain(尤指经努力)获得,赢得,存在;operate运转,工作,操作,控制,使运行;oppose反对,对抗;object反对,拒绝。空格处动词的宾语为it,即指代前面的machine(机器),因此B符合句意。

10.单选题

Whileanucleardestructionwillneverbecome______,wecanhelptomakeitlessprobablybyadvisingthesuperpowerstochangetheirattitudes.

问题1选项

A.desperate

B.impossible

C.serious

D.inevitable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项desperate“不顾一切的；令人绝望的；极度渴望的”；B选项impossible“不可能的；不可能存在的；难以忍受的；不真实的”；C选项serious“严肃的，严重的；认真的；庄重的；危急的”；D选项inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。句意：虽然核毁灭永远无法避免，但我们可以建议超级大国改变态度，帮助降低这种毁灭的可能性。因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

TherehewasAmerica’sfirstPresidentwithaMBA,themanwholovestoboastabouthisbusinessbackground,whosepresidentialcampaignraisedunprecedentedsumsfromcorporateWalletsandwhosecabinetisstuffedwithchiefexecutives.FaithintheintegrityofAmericanbusinessleaderswasbeingundermined,GeorgeBushsaidfiercely,byexecutives“breachingtrustandabusingpower.”Itwastimefor“anewethicofpersonalresponsibilityinthebusinesscommunity”.Hewasgoingto“endthedaysofcookingthebooks,shadingthetruthandbreakingourlaws”.

Onlymonthsago,theideathatGeorgeBushwouldpubliclylambasteAmerica’scooperatebosseswaslaughable.Asacandidate,bornonthewaveofadecade-longeconomicboomandanunprecedented18-yearbullmarket,hecashedinonAmerican’sloveaffairwithcorporatesuccess.Butthingsaredifferentnow.Thestockmarketbubblehasburstand,despitesignsofeconomicrecovery,WallStreetseemstobesunkingloom.AstringofscandalsatsomeofAmerica’smosthigh-flyingfirmsincludingEnron,Xerox.Tyco,GlobalCrossingandmostrecently,WorldComhasradicallychangedthepublicmood.

Aspoliticalpressureforreformincreases,sotoodoestheheatonMr.Bush.Isthebusinessman’spresidentreallypreparedtotakebusinessonandpushhardforreform?DespitethesetjawandaggrievedtoneinNewYork.Probablynot,Mr.Bushthinksthecurrentcrisisstemsfromafewbad-applechiefexecutivesratherthanthesystemasawhole.Hencehefocusesontoughpenaltiesforcorruptbusinessmenandhispleaforhigherethicalstandards.Thepresidentannouncedthecreationofafinancial-crimesSWATteam,attheJusticeDepartmenttorootoutcorporatefraud,andwantstodoublethemaximumprisonsentenceforfinancialfraudfromfivetotenyears.Butheofferedfewconcretesuggestionsforsystemicreform:littlementionofchangestostrengthenshareholders’rights,notevenanendorsementoftheSenatecorporate-reformbill.TherearefewsignsyetthatcleaningupcorporateAmericaisanissuethatanimatesthevoters.PollsshowthatAmericanshavelittlefaithintheirbusinessleaders,butpoliticiansdonotseemtobesufferingasaresult.Mr.Bush’sapprovalratingshavefallenfromtheirsky-highs,buttheyarestillverystrong.

Thepresident,therefore,needdonomorethantalktough.ThisalonewillconvinceordinaryAmericansthatheisontopoftheissue.Astheeconomyreboundsandpublicoutagesubsides,theClamorforchangewillbequieter.Democraticattackswillfizzle,andfar-reachingreformbillswillbewatereddownbeforetheybecomelaw.Politically,thegamblemakessense.UnfortunatelyforAmericancapitalism,agreatopportunitywillbemissed.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

2.WecaninferfromthethirdparagraphthatMr.Bush

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMr.Bushismentionedinthispassage?

4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthereformis（

）.

5.Thephrase“agreatopportunity"inthelastparagraphreferstoanopportunityto

问题1选项

A.Bushhadtoofferconcretesuggestionsforreformaspoliticalpressureincrease.

B.Atpresent,themaximumprisonsentenceforfinancialfraudisfiveyears.

C.ItislaughablethatMr.BushpubliclyattackedAmerica’scorporatebosses.

D.Americanshavelittlefaithintheirbusinessaswellaspoliticalleaders.

问题2选项

A.didn'tintendtotakebusinessonandpushhardforreform

B.didnotdoanythingatallforthepresenceofthecurrentsituation

C.tookshareholders'rightintoaccount,buthedidn'tapprovereformbill

D.tooksomemeasurestopavethewayforthereform

问题3选项

A.Mr.BushisthesecondPresidentwithanMBAinAmericanhistory.

B.My.Bushcontributesalottodecade-longeconomicboom.

C.Mr.Bush’sapprovalratingsarestillhigh.

D.MyBushdidn'tgetsupportinhispresidentialcampaign.

问题4选项

A.indifferent

B.optimistic

C.skeptical

D.favorable

问题5选项

A.carryoutreform

B.boomeconomy

C.animatethevoters

D.attackchiefexecutive

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第三段：Isthebusinessman’spresidentreallypreparedtotakebusinessonandpushhardforreform?DespitethesetjawandaggrievedtoneinNewYork.Probablynot,虽然在纽约他紧咬牙关，语气坚决，但很有可能他不会推行改革。确定A选项‘Bushhadtoofferconcretesuggestionsforreformaspoliticalpressureincrease.随着政治压力的增加，布什不得不提出具体的改革建议。‘错误，排除。根据第三段“wantstodoublethemaximumprisonsentenceforfinancialfraudfromfivetotenyears.希望将金融诈骗罪的最高刑期从5年提高一倍至10年。’’确定B选项’现在的商业欺诈最长的刑期是5年‘正确。C选项根据语义’布什总统公开批判美国企业老板是可笑的‘，可判断表述错误。根据在第三段末尾：PollsshowthatAmericanshavelittlefaithintheirbusinessleaders,butpoliticiansdonotseemtobesufferingasaresult.民意调查显示，美国人对他们的商界领袖缺乏信心，但政客们似乎并没有因此而受到影响。确定D选项’Americanshavelittlefaithintheirbusinessaswellaspoliticalleaders.美国人对他们的企业和政治领袖几乎没有信心。‘错误。

2.由第三段Isthebusinessman’spresidentreallypreparedtotakebusinessonandpushhardforreform?DespitethesetjawandaggrievedtoneinNewYork.Probablynot,虽然在纽约他紧咬牙关，语气坚决，但很有可能他不会推行改革。确定A选项‘didn'tintendtotakebusinessonandpushhardforreform,布什不打算承担重任，也不打算大力推进改革’正确。

3.根据文章第一段“他趁机利用了美国公司的成功”可排除选项B。根据第三段最后一句PollsshowthatAmericanshavelittlefaithintheirbusinessleaders,butpoliticiansdonotseemtobesufferingasaresult.Mr.Bush’sapprovalratingshavefallenfromtheirsky-highs,buttheyarestillverystrong.民意调查显示，美国人对他们的商界领袖缺乏信心，但政客们似乎并没有因此而受到影响。布什总统的支持率已经从最高点下降，但是仍然非常强劲。确定C选项‘Mr.Bush’sapprovalratingsarestillhigh.’正确。

4.文章的最后一段讲，随着经济回暖，对改革的呼声会越来越弱。但对美国的资本主义来讲，却错失了个好机会。从中可以看出，作者是很希望改革的，他是赞同改革的。所以A选项正确。

5.文章的最后一句话提到“将会错失绝好的机会”，这个机会指的是前一句提到的‘far-reachingreform’。所以A选项正确。

12.单选题

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveions（离子）intheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electricallychargedparticle,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargeproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorms,earthquakesofwhenwindssuchasthemistral（寒冷的西北风）areblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricity（静电）indoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernausea（恶心）orevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsofoundtobeaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes.Snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpaboutunaccountably.ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducethesearenearthesea,closetowaterfallsoffountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffortofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

33.Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachineswhichgenerateneuativeions.Theyclaimthationizersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeopleofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/positiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsobservingtheeffectsonthemselves,oronothers,ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterall,itisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismic（地震的）readingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexcessivepositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Accordingtothepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby（）.

3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound（）.

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Somescientistsbelievethat（）.

问题1选项

A.Theythinktheyareinsane.

B.Theyfeelratherbad-tempered.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.

D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.

问题2选项

A.usinghome-madeelectricalgoods

B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials

C.walkingonartificialfloorcoverings

D.copyingTVprogramsonacomputer

问题3选项

A.nearapondwithawaterpump

B.closetoslowflowingriver

C.insomebarrenmountains

D.byarotatingwatersprinkler

问题4选项

A.Ionizers.

B.Air-conditioners.

C.Exhaust-fans

D.Vacuum-pump

问题5选项

A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffective

B.theunusualbehaviorsofanimalscannotbetrusted

C.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographisreliable

D.earthquakescannotaffectanyanimals

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第二段“Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernausea（恶心）orevenmentaldisturbance.当大量的正离子存在空气中时，很多人经历不愉快的影响，如头痛、疲劳、易怒、一些特别敏感的人遭受恶心,甚至精神障碍。可知当空气中存在大量正离子时，人们会变得很不舒服。故C项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第一段“Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorms,earthquakesofwhenwindssuchasthemistralareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.这是在雷暴之前自然发生的，雷暴是指某些国家刮西北风时发生的地震。也有可能是由于人造纤维制成的室内地毯或衣物、电视机、复印机或电脑显示屏产生的静电积聚造成的。”可知C项“人造地毯上行走”正确。A项“家用电器”与文中提到的“电脑、电视机、复印机的显示屏会产生静电”不符，并不是所有家用电器都会产生静电。B项“naturalmaterials”与原文中的“man-madefibers”不符。D项“在电脑上拷贝电视节目”并没有表明电脑在播放节目，原文提到只有显示屏在播放节目时才会产生静电，故D项错误。

3.推理判断题。由第三段“Naturalconditionsthatproducethesearenearthesea,closetowaterfallsoffountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.产生这些的自然条件是靠近大海，靠近喷泉的瀑布，或任何水被喷洒的地方，或形成一个水沫。”可知要产生负离子，必须要有水快速流动。故只有D项“通过旋转器洒水的车辆”符合。

4.推理判断题。Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeironsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachineswhichgenerateneuativeions.为了增加室内负离子的供应，一些科学家建议使用离子发生器:可以产生中性离子的小型便携式机器。故A项“电离子器”正确。

5.推理判断题。由第二段“ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.这使得美国地理调查局(USGeographicalSurvey)资助了一个由志愿者组成的观察动物的网络，以便这些灾难袭击加州等脆弱地区之前，就预见它们。”可知科学家相信观察动物的表现可以有效地预测地震。故A项正确。BCD三项内容与原文相反。

13.单选题

Astheoldmanlaydyinghekept（）

theexperiencesofhisboyhoodinAfrica.

问题1选项

A.complainingof

B.enteringinto

C.ramblingabout

D.turningup

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析题。complainof

抱怨；enterinto

进入；rambleabout

漫步于，闲逛；turnup出现、发生。句意：老人在称留之际，思绪一直漫游在他美好童年时代的非洲生活经历当中。选项C符合句意。

14.单选题

Manyyoungpeoplebelievethatwarisstupidandunnecessary.Tothem,toloseone’slifeonthebattlefieldis（

）.

问题1选项

A.glorious

B.futile

C.heroic

D.courageous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多年轻人认为战争是愚蠢且没有必要的。对于他们来说，在战场上丢掉性命是徒劳的。glorious“光荣的”；futile“无用的”；heroic“英雄的”；courageous“有勇气的”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。

15.填空题

WhenLiSanwenttothehospitalforhis（1）healthcheck-up,thedoctor

onceagainadvisedhimtoquitsmokingand（2）weight.HealsotoldLitogetmore（3）andcutdownonthe（4）ofsaltinhasdiet.Lihasheardthismanytimesbefore,buthewillprobably（5）theadvice,（6）hehasinthepast.I’mafraiditwilltakeaheartattacktomakehim（7）hisattitude.

【答案】1.regular

2.lose

3.exercise

4.amount

5.ignore

6.as

7.change

【解析】1.语义题。regularhealthcheck-up常规健康体检

2.固定搭配。Loseweight减肥。

3.语义题。getmoreexercise加强锻炼

4.语义题。Amount数量。

5.语义题。Ignoretheadvice忽视意见。

6.语义题。As正如。

7.固定搭配。changeone'sattitude转变观念。

16.单选题

Thechieffoodseateninanycountrydependlargelyon______bestinitsclimateandsoil.

问题1选项

A.itgrows

B.whatgrows

C.doesitgrow

D.whatdoesitgrow

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法。dependon后面应该接宾语从句。A选项缺少that引导宾语从句；B选项刚好与后面内容组成宾语从句；C和D都是疑问句式，不能选；句意：一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。因此，该题正确答案为B。

17.单选题

Lastmonththefirstbaby-boomersturned60.Thebulkygenerationbornbetween1946and1964isheadingtowardsretirement.Thelooming“demographiccliff”willseevastnumbersofskilledworkersdispatchedfromthelaborforce.Theworkforceisageingacrosstherichworld.WithintheEUthenumberofworkersagedbetween50and64willincreaseby25%overthenexttwodecades,whilethoseaged20-29willdecreaseby20%.InJapanalmost20%ofthepopulationisalreadyover65,thehighestshareintheworld.AndintheUnitedStatesthenumberofworkersaged55-64willhaveincreasedbymorethanhalfinthisdecade,atthesametimeasthe35-to-44-year-oldsdeclineby10%.

Giventhatmostsocietiesaregearedtoretirementataround65，companieshavealoomingproblemofknowledgemanagement,ofmakingsurethattheboomersdonotleavebeforetheyhavehandedovertheirexpertisealongwiththeofficekeysandtheire-mailaddress.Asurveyofhuman-resourcesdirectorsbyIBMlastyearconcluded:“Whenthebaby-boomergenerationretires,manycompanieswillfindouttoolatethatacareer'sworthofexperiencehaswalkedoutthedoor,leavinginsufficienttalenttofillinthevoid.”

Somealsofaceashortageofexpertise.Inaerospaceanddefense,forexample,asmuchas40%oftheworkforceinsomecompanieswillbeeligibletoretirewithinthenextfiveyears.Atthesametime,thenumberofengineeringgraduatesindevelopedcountriesisinsteepdecline.

Afewcompaniesaresosqueezedthattheyarealreadytakingexceptionalmeasures.EarlierthisyeartheLosAngelesTimesinterviewedanenterprisingAustralianwhowasstayinginBeverlyHillswhilehetriedtopersuadelocalstoemigratetoToowoomba,Queensland,toworkforhisengineeringcompanythere.Toowoombatoday;therestofthedevelopedworldtomorrow?

Ifyoulookhardenough,youcanfindcompaniesthathavebeguntoadapttheworkplacetoolderworkers.TheAARP,anAmericanassociationfortheover-50s,producesanannuallistofthebestemployersofitsmembers.Health-carefirmsinvariablycomenearthetopbecausetheyareoneoftheindustriesmostinneedofskilledlabor.Othersectorssimilarlyaffected,saystheConferenceBoard,includeoil,gas,energyandgovernment.

NearthetopoftheAARP’slatestlistcomesDeere&Company,ano-nonsenseindustrial-equipmentmanufacturerbasedinIllinois;about35%ofDeere’s46,000employeesareover50andanumberofthemareintheir70s.Thetoolsitusestoachievethat—flexibleworking,telecommuting,andsoforth—alsocoincidentallyhelpolderworkerstoextendtheirworkinglives.Thecompanyspends“alotoftime”ontheergonomicsofitsfactories,makingjobstherelesstiring,whichenablesolderworkerstostayatthemforlonger.

Likewise,formorethanadecade,Toyota,arguablytheworld’smostadvancedmanufacturer,hasadapteditsworkstationstoolderworkers.Theshortageofskilledlaboravailabletotheautomotiveindustryhasmadeitunusuallykeentorecruitolderworkers.BMWrecentlysetupafactoryinLeipzigthatexpresslysetouttoemploypeopleovertheageof45.

Needsmustwhenthedevildrives.Otherfirmsarepolishingtheiralumninetworks.IBMusesitsnetworktorecruitretiredpeopleforparticularprojects.Ernst&Young,aprofessional-servicesfirm,hasabout30,000registeredalumni,andabout25%ofits“experienced”newrecruitsareformeremployeeswhoreturnafteranabsence.

Butsuchexamplesareunusual.AsurveyinAmericalastmonthbyErnst&Youngfoundthat“althoughcorporateAmericaforeseesasignificantworkforceshortageasboomersretire,itisnotdealingwiththeissue.”Almostthree-quartersofthe1,400globalcompaniesquestionedbyDeloittelastyearsaidtheyexpectedashortageofsalariedstaffoverthenextthreetofiveyears.Yetfewofthemarelookingtoolderworkerstofillthatshortage;andevenfewerarelookingtothemtofillanothergapthathasalreadyappeared.ManyfirmsinEuropeandAmericacomplainthattheystruggletofindqualifieddirectorsfortheirboardswhenthepoolofretiredtalentfromthoseverysamefirmsisgrowingbyleapsandbounds.

Whyarefirmsnotworkinghardertokeepoldemployees?Partofthereasonisthatthecrunchhasbeenbeyondthehorizonofmostmanagers.Norishangingontoolderworkerstheonlywaytocopewithafallingsupplyoflabor.Theparticipationofdevelopingcountriesintheworldeconomyhasincreasedtheoverallsupply—whateverthelocaleffectofdemographicsintherichcountries.AvastamountofworkisbeingsentoffshoretosuchplacesasChinaandIndiaandmorewillgoinfuture.Somecountries,suchasAustralia,arerelaxingtheirimmigrationpoliciestoallowmuchneededskillstocomeinfromabroad.Otherswillavoidtheneedforworkersbyspendingmoneyonmachineryandautomation.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themostseriousconsequenceofbaby-boomersapproachingretirementwouldbe（）.

2.ThefollowingareallthemeasuresthatcompanieshaveadoptedtocopewiththeageingworkforceEXCEPT（）.

3.“Thecompanyspends‘alotoftime’ontheergonomicsofitsfactories”meansthat（）.

4.Intheauthor’sopinion,Americanfirmsarenotdoinganythingtodealwiththeissueoftheageingworkforcemainlybecause（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sdevelopmentofargument?

问题1选项

A.alossofknowledgeandexperiencetomanycompanies

B.adecreaseinthenumberof35-to-44-year-olds

C.acontinuousincreaseinthenumberof50-to-64-year-olds

D.itsimpactonthedevelopedworldwhoseworkforceisageing

问题2选项

A.makingplacesofworkaccommodatetheneedsofolderworkers

B.usingalumninetworkstohireretiredformeremployees

C.encouragingformeremployeestoworkoverseas

D.grantingmoreconvenienceinworkinghourstoolderworkers

问题3选项

A.thecompanyattachesgreatimportancetothelayoutofitsfactories

B.thecompanyimprovestheworkingconditionsinitsfactories

C.thecompanyattemptstoreduceproductioncostsofitsfactories

D.thecompanyintendstorenovateitsfactoriesandupdateequipment

问题4选项

A.theyhavenotbeenawareoftheproblem

B.theyarereluctanttohireolderworkers

C.theyarenotsureofwhattheyshoulddo

D.theyhaveotheroptionstoconsider

问题5选项

A.introducingtheissue—citingwaystodealwiththeissue—describingtheactualstatus—offeringreasons.

B.describingtheactualstatus—introducingtheissue—citingwaystodealwiththeissue—offeringreasons.

C.citingwaystodealwiththeissue—introducingtheissue—describingtheactualstatus—offeringreasons.

D.describingtheactualstatus—offeringreasonsintroducingtheissue—citingwaystodealwiththeissue.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：根据文章，婴儿潮一代（指出生于生育高峰期的人，生育高峰儿），即将退休的最严重后果将是_________。根据题干定位到第一段第一句话Lastmonththefirstbaby-boomersturned60.Thebulkygenerationbornbetween1946and1964isheadingtowardsretirement.Thelooming“demographiccliff”willseevastnumbersofskilledworkersdispatchedfromthelaborforce.Theworkforceisageingacrosstherichworld.（上个月，婴儿潮一代迎来了60岁生日。1946年至1964年出生的庞大一代正走向退休。即将出现的“人口悬崖”将导致大量熟练工人从劳动力市场流失。发达国家的劳动力都在老龄化。），所以D选项“它对劳动力老龄化的发达国家的影响”，符合题意。A选项“对许多公司来说是知识和经验的损失”，在文中并未提及，故排除。B选项“35-44岁人数的减少”，C选项“50-64岁人数的持续增长”，都是工人年龄未来的趋势而不是后果，所以不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

2.推理判断题。题干：以下是各公司为应付劳动力老化而采取的所有措施，除了_______。根据文章第六段第二句话Thetoolsitusestoachievethat—flexibleworking,telecommuting,andsoforth—alsocoincidentallyhelpolderworkerstoextendtheirworkinglives.（用来实现这一目标的工具—灵活工作、远程办公等等—也巧合地帮助了年长的员工延长了他们的工作寿命。），可知A选项“使工作场所适应年长工人的需要”和D选项“给年长的工人在工作时间上提供更多的便利”，是公司采取的措施，故排除A，D选项。根据文章第八段第二句话Otherfirmsarepolishingtheiralumninetworks.（其他公司也在完善他们的校友网络），可知B选项“利用校友网络来雇佣退休的前雇员”，也是公司采取的措施之一。只有C选项“鼓励前雇员到海外工作”，在文中没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

3.推理判断题。题干：“公司在工厂的人体工程学上花费了‘大量时间’”，意味着_______。根据题干定位到文章第六段最后一句话Thecompanyspends“alotoftime”ontheergonomicsofitsfactories,makingjobstherelesstiring,whichenablesolderworkerstostayatthemforlonger.（该公司在工厂的人体工程学上花费了“大量时间”，使那里的工作不那么累人，从而使年老的工人在那里呆的时间更长。），A选项“公司非常重视工厂的布局”，B选项“公司改善了工厂的工作条件”，C选项“公司试图降低工厂的生产成本”，D选项“公司打算更新工厂和设备”，以上选项只有B选项才能是在人体工程学的基础上使工作不那么累人。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

4.事实细节题。题干：在作者看来，美国公司没有采取任何措施来解决劳动力老龄化问题，主要是因为_______。根据题干定位到文章最后一段第一句话Whyarefirmsnotworkinghardertokeepoldemployees?Partofthereasonisthatthecrunchhasbeenbeyondthehorizonofmostmanagers.Norishangingontoolderworkerstheonlywaytocopewithafallingsupplyoflabor.（为什么公司不努力留住老员工？部分原因是，问题已经超出了大多数管理者的能力范围。抓住老员工不放也不是应对劳动力供应下降的唯一办法。），所以D选项“他们会考虑其他选择”符合题意。A选项“他们还没有意识到这个问题”，B选项“他们不愿意雇佣年长的工人”和C选项“他们不确定他们应该做什么”，在文中均没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

5.推理判断题。题干：下面哪一个最好地描述了作者的论证过程？文章第一段第一句话就引出话题，描述现状Lastmonththefirstbaby-boomersturned60.（上个月，婴儿潮一代迎来了60岁生日）。接下来第一、二、三段具体展开了带来的问题。第四、五、六、七、八段都在说明公司采取的一些措施，第九，十段则是在说明公司对劳动力老龄化问题不采取措施的原因，所以只有B选项符合文章的论述过程。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

18.单选题

Someoldpeopledon’tlikepopsongsbecausetheycan’t（

）somuchnoise.

问题1选项

A.resist

B.tolerate

C.sustain

D.undergo

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一些老年人因不能忍受太多的噪音而不喜欢流行歌曲。

考查动词辨析。resist抵抗，抵制;tolerate忍受，忍受（令人不愉快的事情或人）；sustain支撑，承受（负担或指责）；undergo经受，遭受。空格处动词的宾语为noise(噪音)，因此B符合句意。

19.翻译题

为了全面实现小康社会，中国政府制定了强有力的平衡、平等发展的计划。经过多年的努力，中国已经形成政府为主、大家参与的扶贫模式。中国开发式扶贫工作遵行的是独立自主、全面发展的道路。这不仅对促进国民经济的持续快速发展、社会稳定、民族团结发挥了重要作用，也为世界的反贫困事业做出了贡献。我们最终的目标是缓解和消除贫困，实现全体人民的共同富裕。我们将进一步把减贫作为工作重点，大力推进发展与改革，努力为扶贫创造良好的环境。

【答案】【参考译文】Inordertorealizeawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway,theChinesegovernmenthasformulatedastrongplanforbalancedandequitabledevelopment.Afteryearsofefforts,Chinahasformedapovertyalleviationmodeldominatedbythegovernmentandparticipatedbyeveryone.China’sdevelopmentorientedpovertyalleviationworkfollowsthepathofindependentandall-rounddevelopment.Thishasnotonlyplayedanimportantroleinpromotingthesustainedandrapiddevelopmentofthenationaleconomy,socialstabilityandnationalunity,butalsocontributedtotheworld’santi-povertycause.Ourultimategoalistoalleviateandeliminatepovertyandachievecommonprosperityforallpeople.Wewillfurtherfocusonpovertyreduction,vigorouslypromotedevelopmentandreform,andstrivetocreateagoodenvironmentforpovertyalleviation.

20.单选题

ThisEnglishdocumentiscompiledbytheBureauofLegislativeAffairsoftheStateCouncilofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,andispublishedbytheChinaLegalSystemPublishingHouse.Incaseof（

）,theoriginalversioninChineseshallprevail.

问题1选项

A.incongruity

B.disagreement

C.discrepancy

D.disharmony

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项incongruity“不协调；不适宜”；B选项disagreement“不一致；争论”；C选项discrepancy“不符；矛盾”；D选项disharmony“不一致；不融洽”。句意：本英文文件由中华人民共和国国务院法制局编译，中国法制出版社出版。当发生……时，以中文原文为准。此处应