考研考博-英语-中国民用航空飞行学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国民用航空飞行学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Hardworkandmalnutrition（

）hishealthandhelookedthinandpale.

问题1选项

A.impaired

B.promoted

C.accelerated

D.smashed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。impair“损害”；promote“促进”；accelerate“加速”；smash“击碎，撞击”。句意：繁重的工作以及营养不良损害了他的健康，他看起来瘦弱，脸色苍白。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Thepolicebelievethatthethiefisstillonthe（）.

问题1选项

A.premises

B.diversity

C.emission

D.engagement

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。premises“处所”；diversity“多样性”；emission“散发”；engagement“订婚”。句意：警察相信，这个小偷仍在他的住所。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

2.Atfirst,thespeakerwasreferringtotheproblemofpollutioninthecountry,buthalfwayinherspeech,shesuddenly|（

）toanothersubject.

问题1选项

A.committed

B.switched

C.favored

D.transmitted

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。committo…“致力于…”；switchto…“转换到...”；transmitto...“传送到……”;favor不与tosth.搭配使用。句意：最开始演讲者讲述的是有关该国家环境污染的问题，但她演讲到一半就突然转到别的话题上去了。根据but和anothersubject“别的话题”可知，B项符合题意。故答案选B。

4.单选题

Ifelt___todeathbecauseIcouldmakenothingofthechairman’sspeech.

问题1选项

A.fatigued

B.tired

C.exhausted

D.bored

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项fatigued“疲乏的；疲惫的；精疲力竭的（强调身体和心理都很疲倦）”；B选项tired“疲倦的（侧重想睡觉或休息，需要休息，通常与医学疾病有关）；厌倦的，厌烦的”；C选项exhausted“筋疲力尽的，疲惫不堪的（意味着你完全被耗尽了——身体上、精神上、情感上和社交上）；耗尽的，枯竭的”；D选项bored“无聊的；无趣的；烦人的”。句意：我___得要死，因为我一点也看不懂主席的讲话。本句表达“我很无聊，因为听不懂主席的讲话”，因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Hisremarkswere（）annoyeverybodyatthemeeting.

问题1选项

A.soasto

B.suchasto

C.suchto

D.asmuchasto

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项soasto“以便；以致”；B选项suchasto“达到这样的程度以致”；C选项suchto，没有这样的搭配，可排除；D选项asmuchasto“就像是”。由本句关键词“annoyeverybody”（惹恼了所有人）可知，他的评论到达了很严重的程度以致惹恼所有人。句意：他的话让会议上的每个人都很恼火。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Behindthe[A]aluminum’sversatility[B]liespropertiessodiversethat[C]theyalmostseemtobelongtoseveraldifferent[D]metals.

问题1选项

A.aluminum’s

B.lies

C.they

D.metals

【答案】B

【解析】【答案】B

【考查点】主谓一致。

【解题思路】该句是介词短语做状语置于句首引起句子倒装。主语为properties，谓语动词要用复数，因此，应将B选项改为lie。

【句意】在铝的多功能性背后，是各种各样的特性，它们几乎像是属于几种不同的金属。

7.单选题

Thefollowingqualificationsareessentialforthepost:anhonorsdegreeinEnglish,_______inshorthandandtypewritingandsomeexperienceinjournalism.

问题1选项

A.proficiency

B.expertise

C.knowledge

D.familiarity

【答案】A

【解析】proficiency精通,熟练;expertise专门技术;familiarity熟悉。句意：应聘该职位必须具备以下条件:英语荣誉学位,速记和打字熟练,有一定的新闻工作经验。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Theamountofopenspacehas（

）asmoreandmorelandisdeveloped.

问题1选项

A.dominated

B.dwindled

C.dispersed

D.disseminated

【答案】B

【解析】dominate控制，支配，占优势；dwindle减少，变小；disperse分散，传播；disseminate散布，传播。句意：随着越来越多的土地被开发，开放空间的数量减少了。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

EversinceAntarcticexplorationbegan,menenteringonthefrozencontinenthavetakenforgrantedbeingcompletelycutofffromtherestofcivilization.Nowallthathaschanged.InJune1967Iwasproudtobeaboardahistory-makingairing—thefirsttomakearegularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarcticaintheblackofitswinternight.

Abeginningwasmadein1961,whenaSovietexchangescientistwinteringatremoteByrdStationfellcriticallyill.OurNavyflewinandgothimout,andherecovered.Weflewinforanotherpatientin1964,andtwomorein1966.Alltheseflightweremadeonanemergencybasis—andofcourseatconsiderablerisk—duringthemonthswhen,traditionally,Antarcticaiscutofffromtheworld.But,ifwecouldgetinandoutsafelyinanemergency,whycouldwenotflyin—andwithgreatersafety—onaregular,plannedschedule?

Duringthesummer,NavyC-130sflybackandforthonroutineover-oceanflightsbetweentheDeepFreezeadvancebaseatChristchurch,NewZealandandMcMurdoStation,themainAmericanscientificbaseinAntarctica.Butalltheseflightsaremadeinbroad24hoursdaylight.Eveninsummer,flyingtoandfromAntarcticaishazardous.Amandowninthaticywatercouldliveonlyabout10minutes.Inwinter’sdarknessandmoreintensecoldness,theperilsaremultiplied.Anaircraftdownatseaoronthe“ice”(oureverydaytermforAntarctica)canbealothardertofindatnightthanindaylight.

Yet,despitethesehazards,wehadstrongreasontoopenupAntarcticainwinter.ScientistsworkinginuniversitiesintheUnitedStateshavesummerfreeforresearch.Regularfly-insallowustodeliverthemandpickthemupintimetoresumetheiracademicduty.Obviously,theflightswouldbepopularwiththemenintheiceandgoodformorale,fortheywouldcarryinmailandfreshprovisions.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.BeforeJune1967,therewereregularlyscheduledflights______.

3.OurNavyflewin:whatwasspecialaboutthisflight?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanweinferfromthepassage?

5.TheflightwaswelcomedbythemenintheAntarcticabecause______.

问题1选项

A.Thewriterwasaboardonhistory-makingairplaneflightsinJune,1967.

B.ASovietexchangescientistfellcriticallyillwhenIwasintheAntarctica.

C.JuneisthewinterintheAntarctica.

D.MytriptotheAntarcticawasthefirstregularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarctica.

问题2选项

A.onlyintheAntarcticsummer

B.onlyintheAntarcticwinter

C.inbothsummerandwinter

D.onlyonanemergencybasis

问题3选项

A.Asaresultofit,thesickmanrecovered.

B.ItwasintheAntarcticawinter.

C.Itwasaninternationalassistance—theU.S.wascomingtothehelpofaSovietscientist.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题4选项

A.ThewriterwasfrightenedbythehazardintheAntarctica.

B.ThewriterwasrestrainedbythecoldnessintheAntarctica.

C.ThewriterissuggestingopeninguptheAntarcticainwinter.

D.ThewriterwishestobeascientistworkingintheAntarctica.

问题5选项

A.itsendsmorecompanionstothem

B.theycanresumetheiracademicduty

C.theywillhaveachancetogetthenewsfromtheirfamiliesandfriends

D.theycangobackonthereturnflight

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.客观细节题。A选项“作者在1967年6月登上了创造历史的飞机航班”，由原文InJune1967Iwasproudtobeaboardahistory-makingairing（1967年6月，我很自豪地登上了一架创造历史的飞机）可知，作者在1967年6月登上了一架创造历史的飞机，A选项表述正确，排除A。C选项“六月是南极洲的冬天”，由原文InJune1967…thefirsttomakearegularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarcticaintheblackofitswinternight.（1967年6月……第一次在漆黑的冬夜乘坐定期航班前往南极洲。）可知，六月是南极洲的冬天，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“我的南极之行是第一次前往南极洲的定期航班”，由原文thefirsttomakearegularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarcticaintheblackofitswinternight.（第一次在漆黑的冬夜乘坐定期航班前往南极洲。）可知，作者乘坐的是第一次前往南极洲的定期航班，D选项表述正确，排除D。B选项“我在南极洲时，一位苏联交换科学家病得很重”，由原文Abeginningwasmadein1961,whenaSovietexchangescientistwinteringatremoteByrdStationfellcriticallyill.（事情开始于1961年，当时一名苏联交换科学家在遥远的伯德站过冬时得了重病。）可知，这位苏联科学家得病时作者还没有去南极洲，B选项不符合原文，所以本题选B。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第四句Alltheseflightweremadeonanemergencybasis（所有这些飞行都是在紧急情况下进行的），说明只有在紧急情况下才有飞往南极洲的航班。因此D选项“只在紧急情况下”正确。A选项“只有在南极洲的夏天”，B选项“只在南极洲的冬天”，C选项“在夏季和冬季都有”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Abeginningwasmadein1961,whenaSovietexchangescientistwinteringatremoteByrdStationfellcriticallyill.OurNavyflewinandgothimout,andherecovered.（事情开始于1961年，当时一名苏联交换科学家在遥远的伯德站过冬时得了重病。我们的海军飞过去把他救了出来，他康复了。），所以A选项“它的结果是，那个病人康复了”，B选项“是在南极洲的冬天”，C选项“这是一次国际援助——美国来帮助一位苏联科学家”均属于这次飞行的特点。因此D选项“以上都是”正确。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Yet,despitethesehazards,wehadstrongreasontoopenupAntarcticainwinter.（然而，尽管有这些危险，我们还是有充分的理由在冬天开放南极洲。），说明作者支持在冬天开放南极洲。因此C选项“作者建议在冬天开放南极洲”正确。A选项“作者被南极洲的危险吓坏了”，B选项“作者被南极洲的寒冷所束缚”，由原文可知，作者认为人们可以克服南极洲冬天存在的困难，所以A,B错误。D选项“作者希望成为一名在南极洲工作的科学家”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。

5.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Obviously,theflightswouldbepopularwiththemenintheiceandgoodformorale,fortheywouldcarryinmailandfreshprovisions.（显然，这些飞行会受到冰天雪地里的人们的欢迎，也会鼓舞士气，因为它们可以送来邮件和新鲜的食物。），说明飞行受到南极洲的人们欢迎的原因是它们可以送来邮件消息。因此C选项“他们有机会得到家人和朋友的消息”正确。A选项“送来了更多的同伴”，B选项“可以继续他们的学术任务”，D选项“可以乘坐返程航班回去”均不符合题意，所以A,B,D错误。

10.单选题

Allanimals,especiallythesmallkind,appeartofeelanxiety.Humanshavefeltitsincethedaystheysharedtheplanetwithsaber-toothedtigers.Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.TheinitialshockofSept.11haswornoff,andthefearhaslifted,butmillionsofAmericanscontinuetoshareakindofgeneralizedmassanxiety.ArecentTIME/CNNpollfoundthateightmonthsaftertheevent,nearlytwo-thirdsofAmericansthinkabouttheterrorattacksatleastseveraltimesaweek.Anditdoesn’ttakemuchforalltheoldfearstocomerushingback.Whatwassurprisingabouttherecentdrumbeatofterrorwarningswashowquicklyittriggeredtheanxietysomanyofusthoughtwehadputbehindus.

Thisisoneofthemysteriesofanxiety.Whileitisanormalresponsetophysicaldanger—andcanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhenthere’sadeadlinelooming―anxietybecomesaproblemwhenitpersiststoolongbeyondtheimmediatethreat.Sometimesthere’sanobviouscause,aswiththeshell-shockedsoldiersofWorldWarIortheterror-scarredciviliansoftheWorldTradeCentercollapse.Othertimes,wedon’tknowwhywecan’tstopworrying.

Anxietydisorder—whichiswhathealthexpertscallanyanxietythatpersiststothepointthatitinterfereswithone’slife—isthemostcommonmentalillnessintheU.S.Initsvariousforms,rangingfromveryspecificphobiastogeneralizedanxietydisorder,itafflicts19millionAmericans(see“AreYouTooAnxious?”).

Inrecentyears,however,researchershavemadesignificantprogressinnailingdowntheunderlyingscienceofanxiety.Injustthepastdecade,theyhavecometoappreciatethatwhateverthefactorsthattriggeranxiety,itgrowsoutofaresponsethatishardwiredinourbrains.Theyhavelearned,amongotherthings:

—Thereisageneticcomponenttoanxiety;somepeopleseemtobebornworriers.

—Brainscanscanrevealdifferencesinthewaypatientswhosufferfromanxietydisordersrespondtodangersignals.

—Duetoashortcutinourbrain’sinformation-processingsystem,wecanrespondtothreatsbeforewebecomeawareofthem.

—Therootofananxietydisordermaynotbethethreatthattriggersitbutabreakdowninthemechanismthatkeepstheanxietyresponsefromcareeringoutofcontrol.

Beforewedelveintothelatestresearch,let’sdefineafewterms.Thoughweallhaveourownintuitivesenseofwhatthewordsstressandfearmean,scientistsusethesewordsinveryspecificways.Forthem,stressisanexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger,oftenbycausingpain.Fearistheshort-termresponsesuchstressesproduceinmen,womenorlabrats.Anxietyhasalotofthesamesymptomsasfear,butit’safeelingthatlingerslongafterthestresshasliftedandthethreathaspassed.

Ingeneral,sciencehasahardtimepinningdownemotionsbecausetheyarebynaturesoslipperyandsubjective.Evenmostpeopleareascluelessaboutwhytheyhavecertainfeelingsastheyareabouthowtheirlungswork.Butfearistheonceaspectofanxietythat’seasytorecognize.Ratsfreezeinplace.Humansbreakoutinacoldsweat.Heartbeatsrace,andbloodpressurerises.Thatgivesscientistssomethingtheycancontrolandmeasure.

Indeed,alotofwhatresearchershavelearnedaboutthebiologyofanxietycomesfromscaringratsandthencuttingthemopen.Theresearchersdestroysmallportionsoftherats’brainstoseewhateffectthathasontheirreactions(anexperimentthatwouldbeimpossibletoconductinhumans).Bypainstakinglymatchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearasittravelsthroughtherat’sbrain.

Thejourneybeginswhenarat(we’llgettohumanslater)feelsthestress,inthiscaseanelectricshock.Therat’ssensesimmediatelysendamessagetothecentralportionofitsbrain,wherethestimulusactivatestwoneuralpathways.Oneofthesepathwaysisarelativelylong,circuitousroute(迂回路径)throughthecortex(脑皮层)wherethebraindoesitsmostelaborateandaccurateprocessingofinformation.Theotherrouteisakindofemergencyshortcutthatquicklyreachesanalmond-shapedclusterofcellscalledtheamygdala(扁桃体).

What’sspecialabouttheamygdalaisthatitcanquicklyactivatejustabouteverysysteminthebodytofightlikethedevilorrunlikecrazy.It’snotdesignedtobeaccurate,justfast.Ifyouhaveevergonehikingandbeenstartledbyasnakethatturnedouttobeastick,youcanthankyouramygdala.

Butwhiletheamygdalaisbusytellingthebodywhattodo,italsofiresupanearbycurvedclusterofneuronscalledthehippocampus(大脑侧面室脑壁上的隆起物).(A16thcenturyanatomistnameditaftertheGreekwordforseahorse.)Thejobofthehippocampusistohelpthebrainlearnandformnewmemories.Andnotjustanymemories.Thehippocampusallowsarattorememberwhereitwaswhenitgotshockedandwhatwasgoingonarounditatthetime.Suchcontextuallearninghelpsthepoorrodentavoiddangerousplacesinthefuture.Itprobablyalsohelpsitrecognizewhatsituationsarelikelytoberelativelysafe.Thismakessense,intermsofsurvival.Afterall,it’sbettertopanicunnecessarilythantobetoorelaxedinthefaceoflife-threateningdanger.

Discoveringthisbasicneuralcircuitryturnedouttobeakeybreakthroughinunderstandinganxiety.Itshowedthattheanxietyresponseisn’tnecessarilycausedbyanexternalthreat;rather,itmaybetracedtoabreakdowninthemechanismthatsignalsthebraintostopresponding.Justasacarcangooutofcontrolduetoeitherastuckacceleratororfailedbrakes,it’snotalwaysclearwhichpartofthebrainisatfault.Itmayturnoutthatsomeanxietydisordersarecausedbyanoveractiveamygdala(theaccelerator)whileothersarecausedbyanunderactiveprefrontalcortex(callitthebrake).

Ofcourse,whatyouwouldreallyliketoknowiswhetheranyoftheworkdoneinratsappliestohumans.Clearlyresearcherscan’tgoaroundperformingbrainsurgeryontheamygdalasoflivingpatientstoseeifitaffectstheiranxietylevels.Butthefascinatingcaseofawomanknownonlybyherresearchnumber,SM046,suggeststhatwhenitcomestofear,rodentsandhominidsreallyaren’tsodifferent.

Owingtoanunusualbraindisorder,SM046hasadefectiveamygdala.Asaresult,herbehaviorisabnormalinaveryparticularway.WhenscientistsattheUniversityofIowashowSM046picturesofaseriesoffaces,shehasnotroublepickingoutthosethatarehappy,sadorangry.Butifthefaceisdisplayingfear,shecannotrecognizethefeeling.Sheidentifiesitasafaceexpressing,someintenseemotion,butthatisall.HerunusualconditionstronglysuggeststhateveninHomosapiens,feartakesholdintheamygdala.

Eventually,researcherswouldliketolearnwhatroleourgenes,asopposedtoourenvironment,playinthedevelopmentofanxiety.“Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatthesedisordersruninfamilies.”saysKennethKendler,apsychiatricgeneticistatVirginiaCommonwealthUniversityinRichmond,Va.“Sothenextlogicalquestionisthenature-nurtureissue.”Inotherwords,areanxiouspeoplebornthatway,ordotheybecomeanxiousasaresultoftheirlifeexperiences?

Kendlerandhiscolleaguesapproachedthequestionbystudyinggroupsofidenticaltwins,whosharevirtuallyalltheirgenes,andfraternaltwins,who,likeanyothersiblings,shareonlysomeofthem.WhatKendler’sgroupfoundwasthatbothidenticaltwinsweresomewhatmorelikelythanbothfraternaltwinstosufferfromgeneralizedanxietydisorder,phobiasorpanicattacks.(Theresearchershavenotyetstudiedtwinswithpost-traumaticstressdisorderorobsessive-compulsivedisorder.)

Thecorrelationisn’t100%,however.“Mostoftheheritabilityisintherangeof30%to40%,”Kendlersays.That’safairlymoderategeneticimpact,henotes,“Yourgenessetyourgeneralvulnerability,”heconcludes.“Youcanbealow-vulnerable,intermediate-vulnerableorahigh-vulnerableperson.”Butyourupbringingandyourexperiencesstillhaveamajorroletoplay.Someonewithalowgeneticvulnerability,forexample,couldeasilydevelopafearofflyingaftersurvivingahorrificplanecrash.

Therearenoguidebookstotellyouwhenit’ssafetoventureoutagain.Inmanyways,thewholecountrywasmadepartofanunwittingexperimentinmassanxiety.Ourbrainsareevennowintheprocessofrewiringthemselves.Howsuccessfullywenavigatethisdelicatetransitionwilldependalotonourgenes,ourenvironmentandanyfutureattacks.

1.Anxietycanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhen（

）.

2.NowintheUnitedStates,about19millionpeoplearesufferingfrom

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementaboutfearisNOTtrue?

4.Generally,scientistsfindithardtostudyemotionsbecause

（

）.

5.Asfeartravelsthroughtherat'sbrain,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearby（

）.

问题1选项

A.thereisanobviouscauseofanxiety.

B.weknowwhywecanstopworrying

C.itpersiststoolongbeyondtheimmediate

D.thereisadeadlinelooming.

问题2选项

A.terrorwarning

B.mentalillness

C.anxietydisorder

D.physicaldanger

问题3选项

A.Fearistheexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger.

B.Fearistheshort-termresponsestressesproduceinmen.

C.Fearhasalotofthesamesymptomsasanxiety.

D.Fearistheaspectofanxietythatiseasytorecognize.

问题4选项

A.theyarethenatureofhumanbeings

B.onlyfeariseasytorecognize

C.mostpeopleareasclueless

D.theyareslipperyandsubjective

问题5选项

A.studyingitsreactionafterbeingcutoffsomeportionsofbrain

B.sendingamessagetothecentralportionofitsbrain

C.measuringitsbloodpressure

D.matchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Thisisoneofthemysteriesofanxiety.Whileitisanormalresponsetophysicaldanger—andcanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhenthere'sadeadlinelooming（这是焦虑的奥秘之一。虽然这是对身体危险的正常反应，但在最后期限即将来临的时候，它可以成为集中注意力的有用工具）可知选D。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的itafflicts19millionAmericans（它折磨着1,900万美国人）可知句中的“it”指代前面提及的“Anxietydisorder”，因此选C。

3.细节事实题。由文章第五段中的stressisanexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger,oftenbycausingpain.Fearistheshort-termresponsesuchstressesproduceinmen,womenorlabrats.Anxietyhasalotofthesamesymptomsasfear（压力是一种外部刺激，通常通过引起疼痛来发出危险信号。恐惧是短期反应，这种压力会在男性、女性或实验室老鼠身上产生。焦虑和恐惧有很多相同的症状。）和第六段中的Butfearistheonceaspectofanxietythat'seasytorecognize（但恐惧是焦虑的一方面，很容易识别）可知A表示不正确，根据题干中的“NOTtrue”，因此选A。

4.细节事实题。由文章第六段中的Ingeneral,sciencehasahardtimepinningdownemotionsbecausetheyarebynaturesoslipperyandsubjective.（一般来说，科学很难压制情绪，因为它们天生就很滑和主观）可知选D。

5.细节事实题。由文章第七段中的Bypainstakinglymatchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearasittravelsthroughtherat'sbrain.（通过努力将受损的区域与行为的变化相匹配，科学家们一点点地创造了一张在老鼠大脑中传播的恐惧路线图）可知D选项“将受损区域与行为变化相匹配”符合题意。

11.单选题

Mostpeoplebelievethatthestudyofanothernation,itssocietyandculture,canbenotonlyfascinatingbutalso（）.

问题1选项

A.beneficial

B.benefit

C.benefiting

D.beneficent

【答案】A

【解析】考查同根词辨析。A选项beneficial“有利的，有用的”；B选项benefit“使受益”；C选项benefiting“benefit的现在分词”；D选项beneficent“有裨益的，慈善的”。句意：大多数人认为，研究另一个国家，及其社会和文化，不仅是有趣的，而且是有益的。这里考查benefit的各种变体，notonly…butalso连接fascinating(极有吸引力的，迷人的)和空格，因此空格处应填入与fascinating相近且并列的词，故选A。

12.单选题

Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomics,withitsemphasisonincentives,providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.

Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse’sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircleofneglect.

Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.

Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.

1.Theauthorarguesthateducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesis（）.

2.Bysaying“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling...”(Para.2),theauthormeansthat（）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthataviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuouscirclewhen（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomen’seducation?

5.Thispassagemainlydiscusses（）.

问题1选项

A.troublesome

B.labor-saving

C.rewarding

D.expensive.

问题2选项

A.girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboys

B.girlswillbecapableofrealizingtheirowndreams

C.girlswilleventuallyfindtheirgoalsinlifebeyondreach

D.girlswillbeincreasinglydiscontentedwiththeirlifeathome

问题3选项

A.womencaremoreabouteducation

B.girlscangainequalaccesstoeducation

C.afamilyhasfewerbuthealthierchildren

D.parentscanaffordtheirdaughters’education

问题4选项

A.Itdeservesgreaterattentionthanothersocialissues.

B.Itisnowgiventoppriorityinmanydevelopingcountries.

C.Itwillyieldgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestment.

D.Ithasarousedtheinterestofagrowingnumberofeconomists.

问题5选项

A.unequaltreatmentofboysandgirlsindevelopingcountries

B.thepotentialearningpowerofwell-educatedwomen

C.themajorcontributionsofeducatedwomentosociety

D.theeconomicandsocialbenefitsofeducatingwomen

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文首段第一句“Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.在发展中国家，为女孩提供教育保障的回报率很可能比其他任何投资都要高。”由此可知，C选项rewarding“有回报的”符合原文。A选项troublesome“麻烦的”；B选项labor-saving“节省劳力的”；D选项expensive“昂贵的”，均不正确。

2.作者意图题。根据第二段最后一句话“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircleofneglect.这种预言变成了自我实现，使女性陷入被忽视的恶性循环。”这一预言即破折号前面所提到的“Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool…因此，女孩被认为不如男孩有价值，她们被关在家里做家务，而她们的兄弟则被送去上学”，由此可知，选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段的内容，作者通过列举一个受过教育的母亲的事例来阐述了恶性循环变成良性循环的情况。受过教育的母亲不会有很多孩子，能够顾及所有孩子的发展，确保她的女儿能够得到公平（接受教育）的机会。因此，她女儿的教育使下一代女孩以及男孩更有可能受到良好的教育。也就是说，只有当女孩能够获得平等接受教育的机会才能使恶性循环变成良性循环，所以选项B符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据原文最后一段的第一、二句“Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.几乎没有人会质疑女性接受教育具有巨大的社会效益。但它同样也有巨大的经济优势。”这一观点和首段第一句呼应，由此可知，作者认为女性接受教育会产生比其他投资更大的回报。所以选项C符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容以及上一题可知，作者一直在强调女性接受教育所产生的回报，不仅具有巨大的社会效益，同样也有巨大的经济优势。所以本文主要讨论的是妇女接受教育所带来的经济和社会利益，选项D符合原文。

13.单选题

Americancitiesare(1)othercitiesaroundtheworld.Ineverycountry,citiesreflectthe(2)oftheculture.Citiescontainthevery(3)aspectofasociety:opportunitiesforeducation,employment,andentertainment.Theyalsocontaintheveryworstpartsofasociety:violentcrime,racialconflictandpoverty.Americancitiesarechanging,just(4)Americansociety.

AfterWorldWarII,thepopulationof(5)largeAmericancitiesdecreased;however,thepopulationinmanySunBeltcities(6).LosAngelesandHoustonarecities(7)populationincreased.Thesepopulationshiftstoandfromthecity(8)thechangingvaluesofAmericansociety.Duringthistime,inthe(9)1940sandearly1950s,cityresidentsbecamewealthier,moreprosperous.Theyhadmorechildren.Theyneededmore(10).Theymovedouttheirapartmentsinthecity(11)theirownhomes.Theyboughthousesinthe(12)areasnearacitywherepeoplelive.Theseareareas(13)manyofficesorfactories.Duringthe1950stheAmerican“dream”wastohaveahouseontheoutskirts.Nowthingsarechanging.Thechildrenofthepeoplewholeftthecitiesinthe1950sarenow(14).They,(15)theirparents,wanttoliveinthecities.(16)continuetomovetocitiesintheSunBelt.Citiesare(17)andthepopulationisincreasinginsuchstatesasTexas,Florida,andCalifornia.Othersaremovingtomore(18)citiesoftheNorth-eastandMidwest,suchasBoston,BaltimoreandChicago.Manyyoungprofessionals,doctors,lawyers,andexecutivesaremovingbackintothecity.Theypreferthecity(19)thesuburbsbecausetheirjobsarethere;theyareafraidofthefuelshortage;ortheyjust(20)theexcitementandopportunitieswhichthecityoffers.Anewclassismovingintothecities—awealthier,moremobileclass.

问题1选项

A.differentfrom

B.similarto

C.betterthan

D.worsethan

问题2选项

A.values

B.worth

C.importance

D.expense

问题3选项

A.well

B.good

C.better

D.best

问题4选项

A.likely

B.as

C.while

D.when

问题5选项

A.all

B.most

C.few

D.much

问题6选项

A.increased

B.changed

C.decreased

D.lowered

问题7选项

A.its

B.which

C.where

D.that

问题8选项

A.become

B.reflect

C.gain

D.contain

问题9选项

A.late

B.later

C.lately

D.latter

问题10选项

A.space

B.spots

C.time

D.food

问题11选项

A.buying

B.buy

C.tobuy

D.bought

问题12选项

A.outskirts

B.downtown

C.districts

D.suburbs

问题13选项

A.without

B.with

C.within

D.from

问题14选项

A.managers

B.adults

C.parents

D.doctors

问题15选项

A.likely

B.like

C.dislike

D.unlike

问题16选项

A.Some

B.All

C.Several

D.Lotsof

问题17选项

A.stretching

B.widening

C.expanding

D.prolonging

问题18选项

A.organized

B.famous

C.official

D.established

问题19选项

A.than

B.betterthan

C.ratherthan

D.to

问题20选项

A.win

B.enjoy

C.earn

D.acquire

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:C

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:A

第11题:C

第12题:D

第13题:A

第14题:A

第15题:D

第16题:A

第17题:C

第18题:D

第19题:D

第20题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

A.differentfrom不同于B.similarto与……相似，和……相同

C.betterthan超过，多于D.worsethan不如……，比……更差

【考查点】总结性关系。

【解题思路】该句为这一段的总结句，后面提到ineverycountry，然后讲了社会好的