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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海震旦职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Ifshe(

)herefforts,shewillsucceed.

问题1选项

A.goeson

B.retains

C.holdsinto

D.maintains

【答案】D

【解析】同义词辨析题。A选项goon“继续”,后面需接介词with;B选项retain“保持,保留”;C选项holdinto无此搭配;D选项maintain“维持,继续”。句意:如果她继续努力,她会成功的。选项D更符合语境。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese

Youareanintelligentandarticulateperson.Youhavenoproblemgivingalucidpresentation,deliveringaneloquentspeechorparticipatinginapoliticaldebate.Youstriveformeaningfulconversationsandhavenopatiencewhatsoeverforsmalltalk.“Theweatherisnice,isn’tit?”Really,whocares?

Althoughseeminglytrivialandsuperficial,smalltalkisthestartingpointofallrelationships.Romancesandfriendshipsbeginwithsmalltalk.Inamorepragmaticlight,youcan’tavoidit.Gettingajob,workingwithcolleagues,winningnewclients—allofitrequiressmalltalk.Americanscallitthe“GiftofGab”.Wanttobesuccessful?You’dbetteracquirethisgift.AnarticleontheForbes,websitelistsafewreasonswhysmalltalkissoimportantforone’scareer.Notonlydoessmalltalkmakeusmorelikeable;inone’scareer,smalltalkisalsoa“freeoption”.

Itcanleadtoahostofoutcomes,fromamerelypleasantexchangetothesigningofamultimilliondollarbusinessdeal,saysthearticle.

Inatimewhereabigpartofourliveshasmovedonline,theartofsmalltalkiselusiveandmysterious.Theawkwardexperienceoffeelinglikeatotaloutsideratasocialfunction,suchasacompanyeventoradinnerparty,issharedbymanyofus.

Badsmalltalkerstendtodominatetheconversation.Theyspendtoomuchtimeontheirfavoritetopic,whetherit’sfootballorhowclevertheirkidsare.Theythinktheyarebeingsocialbecausetheyaretalking.Buttheyaretalkingtosomebody,notwithsomeone.Suchpeopleoftengivetheimpressionofbeingself-centeredandinconsiderate.

【答案】你聪明机灵,口齿伶俐。给出清晰的报告、发表滔滔不绝的演讲、参加政治辩论,你无所不能。你在这些有意义的语言会话上花费心思,却对闲聊嗤之以鼻。“今天天气不错,是吧?”说实在的,谁关心呢?

虽然看似琐碎肤浅,但闲聊却是建立一切关系的切入点。爱情和友谊都始于闲聊。更实际一点考虑的话,你不可能避免闲聊。求职、与同事共事、攻下新客户,这些都离不开闲聊。

美国人称之为“能说会道”。你想成功?那么你最好具备这项口才。为了说明闲聊对于个人事业的重要性,《福布斯》网站上的一篇文章给出了一系列解释。闲聊不仅能让我们更讨人喜欢,对于个人事业而言,闲聊也是一种“免费期权”。文章中指出,闲聊能产生一系列的效果,有时不仅仅是一场愉快的交流,甚至还可以达成数百万美元的交易。

在这个生活逐步网络化的吋代,闲聊的艺术不可思议又难以捉摸。我们中的很多人都曾有过在公司活动、宴会等社交场合中上化身“局外人”的尴尬经历。

不抱长闲聊的人往往想要在谈话中占据主动。他们花费过多的时间来谈论喜欢的话题,无论是讨论足球还是夸奖他们的孩子有多么聪颖过人。他们认为滔滔不绝就代表善于交际。但是他们说话的对象是些重要人物,而并非普通人。这样的人通常会给人留下以自我为中心、不替他人着想的印象。

3.单选题

Thereisageneral______thatpouringoldwineintothesamebottlesisthewrongwaytogo.

问题1选项

A.consensus

B.census

C.censorship

D.conscience

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项consensus“一致;舆论;合意”;B选项census“人口普查,人口调查;(官方的)统计,调查”;C选项censorship“审查制度;审查机构”;D选项conscience“道德心,良心”。句意:人们普遍认为,把陈年的酒倒进同一个瓶子里是错误的做法。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Itisnecessarythatthemembershipapplicationsshouldbedispatchedimmediately.

问题1选项

A.disposedof

B.sentin

C.sentoff

D.filledout

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项disposedof“处理”;B选项sentin“递送”;C选项sentoff“寄出”;D选项filledout“填写”。句意:有必要立即发出会员申请。划线部分dispatched是发出的意思。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

(1)weallhaveguiltypleasures,ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsensethatwewouldbebetteroff(2)ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries,andsavingmoneyover(3)spendingit.Butwouldwebehappier?

Ourresearchshowsthatforgoingindulgencestodaycan(4)strongregretslater,andthatnear-termregretsaboutself-indulgencedramatically(5)withtime.Theseresponsesaresostrongthatwewereabletoinfluencepeople’sbuyingbehaviorsimplybyaskingthemto(6)theirlong-termregrets.

Oneofourstudies—publishedintheJournalofConsumerResearch—(7)theregretsfeltbycollegestudents(8)theirconductonrecentwinterbreaksandbyalumnirememberingwinterbreaksof40yearsago.Regretabout(9)ortraveledmoreduringbreaksincreasedwithtime,whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime.Wesawa(10)patterninastudyof(11)businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.Overtime,thosewhohadindulgedfelt(12)guiltyabouttheirchoices,whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowingsenseofhaving(13)onthepleasuresoflife.

Peoplewhoundulyresistself-indulgence(14)fromanexcessivefarsightedness,orhyperopia—thereverseoftypicalself-controlproblem.(15)yieldingtotemptation,theyfocuson(16)necessitiesandactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral.(17),theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy.Theirhyperopiacaninhibitconsumptioninwaysthatarebothbadfortheirownwell-beingandformarketers’bottomlines.Wedon’tadvocate(18)tomotivateconsumptiontomakeill-consideredpurchases,ofcourse,butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoicesthatthey’ll—(19)overthelongterm.

Inanotherstudy,forthcomingintheJournalofMarketingResearch,fifty-sevenconsumerswereasked(20)ofashoppingmalltriptoconsidertwo(21):buyinganexpensiveitemofclothingthatwouldmakethemhappy,orbuyingacheaperalternativethatwould(22)themtospendthesavedmoneyonmorepracticalthings.Halfwerethenaskedtopredictwhichofthetwochoiceswould(23)themthegreatestregretthenextday,whiletheotherhalfwereaskedtoconsidertheregrettheymightfeelovereachpurchaseseveralyearslater.

Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase.Aswe(24),thosewhoanticipatedregretthenextday(25)tobuymorepracticalgoods;thosewhohadconsideredregretinthemoredistantfutureboughtmoreindulgentproducts.Inotherwords,thinkingaboutshort-termregretdrivesconsumerstobevirtuous,(26)thinkingaboutlong-termregretleadsthemtobeextravagant.

Ourfindingssuggestthatmarketersofluxuryproductsandleisureservicescould(27)frompromptingconsumerstopredicttheirfeelingsinthefutureiftheyforgotheindulgentchoice.Forinstance,atravelcompanymightaskcustomerstoconsiderhowthey’llfeelabouthaving(28)afamilyvacationpackageoncethenestisempty.

Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.InthewordsofthelateMassachusettssenatorPaulTsongas,“Nobodyonhisdeathbed(29)said,‘IwishI(30)moretimeattheoffice.’”

问题1选项

A.Though

B.When

C.Unless

D.That

问题2选项

A.inthelongrun

B.inthemeantime

C.intheend

D.intime

问题3选项

A.deliberately

B.impulsively

C.consciously

D.compulsively

问题4选项

A.grow

B.increase

C.feed

D.arouse

问题5选项

A.decrease

B.vanish

C.shrink

D.fade

问题6选项

A.anticipate

B.realize

C.abandon

D.recall

问题7选项

A.investigated

B.explored

C.examined

D.involved

问题8选项

A.on

B.above

C.over

D.with

问题9选项

A.havingspent

B.nottospend

C.notspending

D.nothavingspent

问题10选项

A.similar

B.different

C.alike

D.related

问题11选项

A.how

B.what

C.where

D.why

问题12选项

A.moreandmore

B.thesame

C.lessandless

D.no

问题13选项

A.turnedout

B.missedout

C.madeout

D.figuredout

问题14选项

A.meet

B.undergo

C.endure

D.suffer

问题15选项

A.Ratherthan

B.Morethan

C.Lessthan

D.Otherthan

问题16选项

A.requiring

B.inquiring

C.acquiring

D.enquiring

问题17选项

A.Infact

B.Sofar

C.Asaresult

D.Atpresent

问题18选项

A.beingtried

B.try

C.totry

D.trying

问题19选项

A.regret

B.appreciate

C.decline

D.value5

问题20选项

A.inpublic

B.inadvance

C.ingeneral

D.indetail

问题21选项

A.chances

B.opportunities

C.capabilities

D.possibilities

问题22选项

A.allow

B.lead

C.make

D.demand

问题23选项

A.attract

B.cause

C.render

D.create

问题24选项

A.expected

B.knew

C.saw

D.told

问题25选项

A.inclined

B.liked

C.tended

D.leaned

问题26选项

A.unless

B.although

C.when

D.whereas

问题27选项

A.originate

B.derive

C.benefit

D.result

问题28选项

A.passedup

B.turnedup

C.madeup

D.takenup

问题29选项

A.even

B.never

C.still

D.ever

问题30选项

A.spend

B.hadspent

C.spent

D.wouldspend

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:A

第11题:A

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:D

第15题:A

第16题:C

第17题:C

第18题:D

第19题:B

第20题:B

第21题:D

第22题:A

第23题:B

第24题:A

第25题:C

第26题:D

第27题:C

第28题:A

第29题:D

第30题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。选项后“weallhaveguiltypleasures”,中文翻译为:我们都有罪恶的快乐。下文又说“ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsense…”,中文翻译为:我们日常的决定通常是由一种根深蒂固的感觉所支配的……可知选项处应表示转折,故A项最符合。

2.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据下文出现的“near-termregrets近期遗憾”“long-termregrets长期遗憾”以及“overthelongterm长期来看”可知A选项“从长远看”正确。

3.【试题解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项deliberately“故意地;谨慎地”;B选项impulsively“冲动地;有推动力地”;C选项consciously“自觉地;有意识地”;D选项compulsively“强制地,强迫地”。联系上文“ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries”中文翻译为:如果我们重视工作而不是休闲、选择必需品而不是奢侈品,推断出空格处选B。

4.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项grow“使生长;种植;扩展”;B选项increase“增加”;C选项feed“喂养”;D选项arouse“引起”。根据语境和句意,后面搭配strongregrets,译为“强烈的遗憾”可知D选项正确。

5.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合后文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime”,中文大意为:面对于没有在休息时间工作、学习或存钱的遗憾则随着时间的推移而减少。因此判断出空格处表示减少的意思,A选项正确。

6.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项anticipate“预料,期望”;B选项realize“实现;认识到;了解”;C选项abandon“遗弃;放弃”;D选项recall“召回;回想起,记起;取消”。联系下文“anticipatedregret”意为:预料遗憾,可知A选项正确。

7.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项investigate“调查;研究”;B选项explore“探索;探测;探险”;C选项examine“检查;审查”;D选项involve“包含;牵涉;使陷于”。由前文“ourstudies”,中文翻译为:我们的研究,可知A选项正确。

8.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。regretoversth.“对……感到遗憾(或后悔)”,故C选项正确。

9.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合下文whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoney可知D选项正确。

10.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项similar“类似的”;B选项different“不同的;个别的,与众不同的”;C选项alike“相似的;相同的”;D选项related“有关系的”。结合下文betweenworkandpleasure“在工作和娱乐之间”可知该空格处应表示类似的模式。因此可知A选项正确。

11.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合下文“businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.”中文翻译为:商人看待在工作和娱乐之间过去的选择。判断出正确答案为A“如何”。

12.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。对应下文“whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowing”中文翻译为:然而,过去尽职的那些人经历日益增强的……判断出最符合语境句意的选项为C“越来越少的”。

13.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。missouton“错过机会”,故选B。

14.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据下文“anexcessivefarsightedness”中文翻译为:一种过度的远见,可知此处对应D项“遭受”。

15.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。联系下文“theyfocuson...andactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral”中文翻译为:他们专注于……做事负责且他们将放纵看成是浪费的、不负责的甚至不道德的。结合“yieldingtotemptation”“屈服于诱惑”判断应选A“而不是”。

16.【试题解析】考查词义。A选项require“需要;要求”;B选项inquire“询问;查究;问明”;C选项acquire“获得;学到;捕获”;D选项enquire“询问;调查;问候”。结合下文necessities“必需品”,可知最佳答案为C。

17.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据下文“theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy”中文翻译为:这些消费者恰恰避开他们极其喜爱的这些产品和经历,可以判断出选项处应表示“结果”。答案为C。

18.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。advocatedoingsth.“提倡做某事”,并且此处为主动语态。答案为D。

19.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项regret“后悔;惋惜;哀悼”;B选项appreciate“感激;领会”;C选项decline“谢绝;婉拒”;D选项value“评价;重视”。由上文butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoices“但是市场营销者能帮助消费者做出适当放纵的选择”和下文overthelongterm“从长期来看”可以推测出答案为B。

20.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项inpublic“公开地,当众”;B选项inadvance“预先,提前”;C选项ingeneral“总之”;D选项indetail“详细地”。结合下文Aftertheshoppingtrip“在购物之旅后”可以判断出最符合的答案是选项B。

21.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项chance“机会,际遇;运气”;B选项opportunity“时机,机会”;C选项capability“才能,能力;性能,容量”;D选项possibility“可能性;可能发生的事物”。联系下文可知正确选项为D。

22.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。allowsb.todosth.“允许某人做某事”。可知A选项为最佳答案。

23.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项attract“吸引”;B选项cause“引起;使遭受;给……带来”;C选项render“致使;提出”;D选项create“创造,创作”。结合后文“thegreatestregret”中文翻译为:最大的遗憾,可知最佳答案为B。

24.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合上文“Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase”中文翻译为:在这个购物之旅后,我们检查了这些消费者实际购买的东西,可以判断选项A“如我们所料”正确。

25.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。tendtodosth.“倾向于做某事”,结合上下文可知答案为C。

26.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项unless“除非,如果不”;B选项although“尽管;虽然”;C选项when“当……时”;D选项whereas“然而”。由上文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked”可知此处应该表示“然而”,故答案为D。

27.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合下文“Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.”,中文翻译为:消费者也可以从这些提示中受益,可知C为最佳答案。

28.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。联系上文“forgotheindulgentchoice”,中文翻译为:放弃这个放纵的选择,和下文“afamilyvacation”,中文翻译为:一个家庭度假,可知此处应为forgo的近义词,故选A。

29.【试题解析】考查词义。A选项even“甚至,连,即使;更加”;B选项never“从未;决不”;C选项still“仍然;静止地”;D选项ever“永远;曾经;究竟”。联系上文“Nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻译为:没有人在弥留之际,判断出D为最佳答案。

30.【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。根据上文“Nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻译为:没有人在弥留之际,以及空格前的wish可知此处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句的谓语动词用would/couldhavedone。可知答案为B。

6.单选题

Whatifoursocietyusesnew-foundtechnologiesof“geneticengineering”tointerferewiththebiologicalnatureofhumanbeings?Mightthatnotbedisastrous?

Whataboutcloning,forinstance?

Cloningisatermoriginallyusedinconnectionwithnonsexualreproductionofplantsandverysimpleanimal.Nowitiscomingintouseinconnectionwithhigheranimals,sincebiologistsarefindingwaysofstartingwithanindividualcellofagrownanimalandinducingittomultiplyintothesamewayinthefuture.

Butiscloningasafethingtounleashonsociety?Mightitnotbeusedfordestructivepurposes?Forinstance,mightnotsomerulinggroupdecidetoclonetheirsubmissive,downtroddenpeasantry,andthusproduceendlesshordesofsemi-robotswhowillslavetokeepafewinluxuryandwhomayevenserveasendlessranksofsoldiersdesignedtoconquertherestoftheworld?

Adreadfulthought,butanunnecessaryfear.Foronething,thereisnoneedtocloneforthepurpose.Theordinarymethodofreproductionproducesallthehumanbeingsthatareneededandasrapidlyasisneeded.Rightnow,theordinarymethodisproducingsomanypeopleastoputcivilizationindangerofimminentdestruction.Whatmorecancloningdo?

Secondly,unskilledsemi-robotscannotbesuccessfullypittedagainsttheskilledusersofmachine,eitheronfarms,infactoriesorinarmies.Anynationdependingondowntroddenmasseswillfinditselfaneasymarkforexploitationbyalesspopulousbutmoreskilledandversatilesociety.Thishashappenedinthepastoftenenough.

Butevenifweforgetaboutself-hordes,whataboutthecloningofarelativelyfewindividuals?Therearerichpeoplewhocouldaffordtheexpense,orpoliticianswhocouldhavetheinfluenceforit,orthegiftedwhocouldundergoitbypopulardemand.Therecanbetwoifaparticularbankerorgovernororscientist—orthree—orathousand.Mightthisnotcreateakindofprivilegedcaste,whowouldreproducethemselvesingreaterandgreaternumbers,andwhowouldgraduallytakeovertheworld?

Beforewegrowconcernedaboutthis,wemustaskwhethertherewillreallybeanygreatdemandforcloning.Wouldyouwanttobecloned?Thenewindividualformedyourcellwillhaveyourgenesandthereforeyourappearanceand,possibly,talents,buthewillnotbeyou.Theclonewillbe,atbest,merelyyouridenticaltwin.Identicaltwinssharethesamegeneticpattern,buttheyeachhaveownindividualityandareseparatepersons.

Cloningisnotapathwaytoimmortality,then,becauseyourconsciousnessdoesnotsurviveinyourclone,anymorethanitwouldinyouridenticaltwinifyouhadone.

Infact,yourclonewouldbefarlessthanyouridenticaltwin.Whatshapesandformsapersonalityisnotgenesalone,butalltheenvironmenttowhichitisexposed.Identicaltwinsgrowupinidenticalsurroundings,inthesamefamily,andundereachother’sinfluence.Acloneofyourself,perhapsthirtyoffortyyearsyounger,wouldgrowupinadifferentworldaltogetherandwouldbeshapedbyinfluencesthatwouldbesuretomakehimlessandlesslikeyouashegrowsolder.

Hemayevenearnyourjealousy.Afterall,youareoldandheisyoung.Youmayoncehavebeenpoorandstruggledtobecomewell-to-do,buthewillbewell-to-dofromthestart.Themerefactthatyouwon’tbeabletoviewitasachild,butasanothercompetingandbetter-advantagedyou,mayaccentuatethejealousy.

No!Imaginethat,aftersomeinitialexperiments,thedemandforcloningwillbevirtuallynonexistent.

1.Thecentralthemeoftheessayis().

2.Theauthorassumesthatthereadersis().

3.Theauthorassumesthatthereaderthinks“immortality”().

4.Toholdthereader’sinterest,theauthor().

5.Theword“hordes”usedinthepassagemeans().

问题1选项

A.geneticengineersareexperimentingwithcloning

B.thecloningofhumancouldproduceaprivilegedclass

C.worriesaboutthedangersofhumancloningareill-founded

D.personalitytraitscannotbepassedonthoughcloning

问题2选项

A.afraidofanationofdictators

B.worriedabouttheabusesofcloning

C.eggertoputcloningtopracticaluse

D.readytobecloned

问题3选项

A.frightening

B.unavoidable

C.profitable

D.desirable

问题4选项

A.usedquotationsbyfamouspeople

B.asksfrequentquestionsofthereader

C.presentsmanyresearchstatistics

D.tellsmanyamusingstories

问题5选项

A.swarmsoffish

B.largegroupsofpeople

C.mountainranges

D.largefieldsofgrain

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:文章以geneticengineering开头,接着作者提到了克隆会带来的问题,但是在第5段提出克隆是一个可怕的想法,但是没有必要去恐惧(Adreadfulthought,butanunnecessaryfear)。选项C符合题意,“对克隆危险的担忧是没有依据的”。

第2题:文章第四段作者提出了两个问题:克隆对社会来说是安全的吗?(Butiscloningasafethingtounleashonsociety?)它会不会被用来做坏事?(Mightitnotbeusedfordestructivepurposes?)可以推出作者是假设读者担心这项技术会被乱用。选项B符合题意。

第3题:immortality出现在文章第九段cloningisnotapathwaytoimmortality,克隆并不是通往永生的途径,因为人的意识无法克隆,它至多存在于一个同卵双胞胎中,因此作者是假定读者认为永生是存在的。选项D符合题意。

第4题:文章多次用了提问的方式来引起读者的兴趣。选项B符合题意。

第5题:文章第四段第三句Forinstance,mightnotsomerulinggroupdecidetoclonetheirsubmissive,downtroddenpeasantry,andthusproduceendlesshordesofsemi-robots,提到了submissive,downtroddenpeasantry“顺从的、被奴役的农民”。那么hordes这个词应该是表达“很多人”的意思。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Hedoesn’tneedto________himselfashismanagerialtrackrecordspeaksforitself.

问题1选项

A.identify

B.justify

C.judge

D.swear

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.identify确认,鉴定B.justify解释,辩护

C.judge判断,断定D.swear发誓,起誓

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】空格处和下文的“himself(他自己)”构成动宾逻辑,说明他不需要对自己做某事。as引导了一个原因状语从句,表示“他的管理业绩可以证明一切(speaksforitself)”,所导致的结果应该是不需要再解释、说明自己。justify指为某事物做出解释或辩护,因此B选项justify“解释,辩护”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项identify“确认,鉴定”指认出某人或某物是什么;

C选项judge“判断,断定”指根据已有的信息对某人或某物形成看法;

D选项swear“发誓,起誓”指郑重承诺做某事;

均不符合题干的语义逻辑。

【句意】他不需要为自己辩护,因为他的管理业绩可以证明一切。

8.单选题

Theimportanceof()canneverbeneglectedwhenitcomestofulfillingone’smilitarymissions.

问题1选项

A.popularity

B.peculiarity

C.punctuality

D.potentiality

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项popularity“受欢迎的、名气”;B选项peculiarity“特质、特性”;C选项punctuality“准时、守时”;D选项potentiality“潜能、潜力”,句意为:在完成军事任务时,守时的重要性是不可忽视的。punctuality“准时、守时”符合题意,选项C正确。

9.单选题

Wenowcometothevitaltopicofmoney.First,wemustrememberthatscience,onanysignificantscale,existsonlyineconomieswherethereissurplusofgoodsandservices.Aprosperouseconomyformsanecessarybaseforscientificwork.Tragically,theeconomiesofthe"underdeveloped"countries,wheretheneedisoverwhelming,havenotsupported--norhavetheybeencapableofsupporting—anysubstantialscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearch.ReadthespeechofP.M.S.Blackette,PresidentoftheRoyalSociety,inwhichtheexistinggreatdisparitybetweenthe"have"and"have-not"economiesisconsidered.Theprimarythemeofhisaddressisthatthegapisnotclosing;onthecontrary,itsteadilygrowswider.

TheUnitedStates,asthemostwealthyindustrialnation,spendsagreateramountonresearchanddevelopmentthananyothernations.Itisbeyondthescopeofthisbooktoconsiderindetailwhethertheamountspentisadequate,eitherinrelationtoourowneconomyorinrelationtoourpositionintheworld.Atbestthequestionisanopenone.

Inthelastfewyears,financialsupportforsciencehaschangedsignificantly.Itisfrustratingtoreportthat,inspiteofnumerousstatementsabouttheextentandnatureofthesechanges,ithasbeenimpossibletofindsufficientagreementtobesurejustwhathashappened.Twopointsdoappearclear.First,therehasbeenanoverallcutinresearchfunds,furtherreinforcedbysubstantialinflationofprices.Second,therehasbeenincreasedemphasison"relevant"researchthatisresearchwithimmediatepracticalapplications.

Onereportthatreflectsmostcloselyourownestimateofthesituationwasmadebyafive-membercommitteefromtheNationalAcademyofSciences.ThisgroupinvestigatedfundingofchemistryprojectsbytheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Thecommitteeconcludedthatfundinghadbeendeclinedbyanaverageof20%andthatthesectionmostcloselyrelatedtobasicresearchhadfundscutinhalf.Thecommitteefoundthatvariousinstitutes,in-houseresearch,administrativebudgets,andcontinuingextramural(校外的)grantshadbeenprotectedwiththeresultthatnewandrenewalgrantshadbecomeadisasterarea.Otherreportsstatingthatfederalinstitutes’fundshavehadonlylimitedcutshaveapparentlyignoredthepointmadebytheNationalAcademyCommittee.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthe"underdeveloped"countries?

2.Whichofthefollowingwordsmeansnearlythesameas“disparity”usedinline6ofparagraphone?

3.“Atbestthequestionisanopenone”inthesecondparagraphmeansthat(

).

4.Whichareaofresearchhassufferedmostfromthecutsinthefederalinstitutes’funds?

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldbebestusedforthetitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyneedscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearchbadly.

B.Theyaretoopoortospareenoughforthedevelopmentofscience.

C.Theyhaveotherprioritiesinsteadofspendingadecentamountofmoneyonscience.

D.Allofabove

问题2选项

A.Dispute

B.Diversion

C.Inequality

D.Argument

问题3选项

A.thequestionhastobelefttothepublictodecide

B.thequestionistooself-evidenttobediscussedanyfurther

C.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentopinionaboutthisquestion

D.moreinformationhastobecollectedbeforethequestioncanbefinallyanswered

问题4选项

A.Appliedresearch

B.Basicresearch

C.Chemistryprojects

D.Newresearchprojects

问题5选项

A.Disputeaboutresearchfunding

B.Trendsofresearchfunding

C.Researchanddevelopment

D.Basicandappliedresearches

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。A:他们对科学技术培训和研发有极强的需求,B:他们太穷,以至于没有足够的科学发展资金,C:他们有其他需要优先考虑的事情,而不是花大量资金在科研上。根据题干关键词the“underdeveloped”countries定位至第一段:Tragically,theeconomiesofthe"underdeveloped”countries,wheretheneedisoverwhelming,havenotsupported--norhavetheybeencapableofsupportinganysubstantialscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearch(可悲的是,欠发达国家有很强的科研需求,但其经济却无法支持,或者没有能力支持任何一项实质的科学技术培训或研发),由此判断此题选D“以上所有选项”。

2.词义题。“disparity”所在句为:ReadthespeechofP.M.S.Blackette,PresidentoftheRoyalSociety,inwhichtheexistinggreatdisparitybetweenthe"have"and"have-not"economiesisconsidered(阅读皇家学会主席P.M.S.Blackette的演讲,其中就考虑了“有”和“没有”经济体之间存在的巨大…),由此推测,“disparity”表示“不同”或者“差异”。四个选项中,C项inequality(不同)与之意思最为接近。

3.语义题。“Atbestthequestionisanopenone”表示“充其量是一个开放的问题”,因此C项“对此问题,不同的人有不同的观点”比较符合这句话意思。

4.细节事实题。第四段指出:Thecommitteeconcludedthatfundinghadbeendeclinedbyanaverageof20%andthatthesectionmostcloselyrelatedtobasicresearchhadfundscutinhalf(委员会得出的结论是,资金平均己经削减了20%,与此最密切相关的基础研究的基金减少一半)。故选B“基础研究”。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了财政对科研的支持的不同报道和不同观点。经济实力强的国家能为科研提供更多支持,经济欠发达国家更需要发展科研,但是却没有足够的资金支持,因此人们对于财政支持科研发展有不同的观点看法。因此A项“关于研究经费的讨论”比较适合做文章标题。

10.单选题

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds(

)hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.

问题1选项

A.tobebasedon

B.tobaseon

C.whichtobaseon

D.onwhichtobase

【答案】D

【解析】语法(定语从句)题。分析题目可知,空白处填入的词语是引导定语从句,修饰先行词grounds,所以排除A选项和B选项。因为连接词which在从句中作介词宾语,所以前面需要一个介词,D选项正确。

11.单选题

Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theytryhardtoavoidgettingoffonthewrongfoot.

B.Theyspendtoomuchtimeanticipatingtheirdefeat.

C.Theytaketoomanyirrelevantfactorsintoaccount.

D.Theymakecarefulpreparationsbeforehand.

问题2选项

A.Mentalimagesofteninterferewithathletes’performance.

B.Golfersusuallyhavepositivementalimagesofthemselves.

C.Thinkinghasthesameeffectonthenervoussystemasdoing.

D.Aperson’snervoussystemismorecomplicatedthanimagined.

问题3选项

A.Anticipatepossibleproblems.

B.Makealistofdo’sanddon’ts.

C.Trytoappearmoreprofessional.

D.Picturethemselvessucceeding.

问题4选项

A.Shewonherfirstjurytrial.

B.Sheworeadesignerdress.

C.Shepresentedmovingpictures.

D.Shedidnotspeakloudenough.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】PassageOne

[9]Whenfacinganewsituation,somepeopletendtorehearsetheirdefeatbyspendingtoomuchtimeanticipatingtheworst.Iremembertalkingwithayounglawyerwhowasabouttobeginherfirstjurytrial.Shewasverynervous.Iaskedwhatimpressionshewantedtomakeonthejury.Shereplied,“Idon’twanttolooktooinexperienced;Idon’twantthemtosuspectthisismyfirsttrial.”Thislawyerhadfallenvictimtothe“don’ts”syndrome—aformofnegativegoalsetting.The“don’ts”canbeself-fulfillingbecauseyourmindrespondstopictures.

[10]ResearchconductedatStanfordUniversityshowsamentalimagefiresthenervoussystemthesamewayasactuallydoingsomething.Thatmeanswhenagolferforetellshimself“Don’thittheballintothewater”,hismindseestheimageoftheballflyingintothewater.Soguesswheretheballwillgo.

Consequently,beforegoingintoanystressfulsituation,[11]focusonlyonwhatyouwanttohavehappen.Iaskedthelawyeragainhowshewantedtoappearatherfirsttrial,andthistimeshesaid,“Iwanttolookprofessionalandself-assured.”Itoldhertocreateapictureofwhatself-assuredwouldlooklike.Toher,itmeantmovingconfidentlyaroundthecourtroom,usingconvincingbodylanguageandprojectinghervoice,soitcouldbeheardfromthejudge’sbenchtothebackdoor.Shealsoimaginedaskillfulclosingargumentandawinningtrial.Afewweeksafterthispositivestressrehearsal,[12]theyounglawyerdidwin.

9.Whatdosomepeopledowhentheyfaceanewsituation?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问当一些人面对一个新的情况时,他们会做什么?录音开头提及,在面对全新的情况时,有些人老是预料自己可能会失败的情形,会花太多时间去想事情最坏的情况。B选项“他们花太多时间去预料失败的情况”中的theirdefeat是对录音原文中theworst的替换,与原文表述相符,因此正确。A选项“他们努力避免出师不利”;C选项“他们考虑了太多不相关的因素”和D选项“他们事先作了周密的准备”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此排除。

10.WhatdoestheresearchconductedatStanfordUniversityshow?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问斯坦福大学的研究表明了什么?录音中提及,一项在斯坦福大学进行的研究表明,大脑想象激发神经系统的方式与实际做某事的方式相同,也就是说,“想”和“做”对神经系统的影响是一样的,因此C选项正确。A选项“大脑想象经常影响运动员的表现”和D选项“人的神经系统比想象中复杂得多”在录音中均没有提及,因此排除;B选项“高尔夫球手通常对自己有积极的大脑想象”与录音中提到的高尔夫球手的例子刚好相反,因此不正确。

11.Whatadvicedoesthespeakergivetopeopleinastressfulsituation?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话者给处于压力下的人们什么建议?说话者指出:在面对有压力的情况时,只需集中精神去想你希望发生的事情。D选项“想象自己成功的画面”与录音内容表述相符,因此正确。A选项“预见可能出现的问题”;B选项“列出注意事项”在录音中均未提及;C选项“试着表现得更专业些”是说话人提及的某位新手律师的情况,并不是对一般人的普遍建议,因此排除。

12.Whatdowelearnaboutthelawyerinthecourt?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于法庭上的律师,我们知道什么?说话者对那位第一次参与陪审团庭审案件的律师说,她只需要在过程中想象自

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