医学英语构词法讲座

1、nMedical terminology is a special vocabulary used by health care professionals for effective and accurate communication. Because it is based mainly on Greek and Latin words, medical terminology is consistent and uniform throughout the world. It is also efficient; although some of the terms are long,

2、 they often reduce an entire phrase to a single word. nThe medical vocabulary is vast, and learning it may seem like learning the entire vocabulary of a foreign language. Moreover, like the jargon that arises in all changing fields, it is always expanding. The task seems overwhelming, but there are

3、methods that can aid in learning and remembering words and can even help in making informed guesses regarding the meanings of unfamiliar words. Most medical terms can be divided into component partsroots, prefixes, and suffixesthat maintain the same meaning whenever they appear. By learning these me

4、anings, you can analyze and remember many words.Word Building Basicscyto=“cell”, architectonics = “architecture”Broadmanns cytoarchitectonic map Cytoarchitechtonic division 50 regionsHeadCephalgia (a headache)Encephal/oInside the head (brain)Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)Anencephalic (born

5、 without a brain)Mening/oMembranes surrounding the brain and spinal cordMeningitis (inflammation of the membranes)-pathyDisease, abnormalityEncephalopathy (disease of the brain)Neuropathy (disease of the nerves)DysDifficult, painful, abnormalDyslexia (difficulty reading)Neur/oNerveNeuroma (tumor)Neu

6、ritis (inflammation)-plegiaParalysisHemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body)Quadriplegia (paralysis of all four limbs)Cardi/o= heartEndocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis (inflammation of the lining, the muscle layer, the outer layer of the heart)Brady/tachy= slow/fastBradycardia (rate100)-st

7、asis= to stopHemostasis (to stop bleeding), -cyte= cellErythrocytes, leucocytes (red, white blood cells)Hem/o, -emia= bloodHypoxemia (low oxygen), myocarditis = muscle layer of heart inflamedpericarditis = outer layer of heart inflamedendocarditis = inner layer of heart inflamedcardiologist = a phys

8、ician specializing in the heartCardiomyopathy = damage to heart muscle layerCardiomegaly = enlargement of the heart-itis = inflammationtonsillitis, appendicitis (you know these!)-osis= abnormal conditioncyanosis (of blueness, due tocold or low oxygen)-ectomy= to cut out (remove)appendectomy, tonsill

9、ectomy (you know these too!)-tomy= to cut intotracheotomy (to cut into the windpipe, temporary opening)-stomy= to make a “mouth”colostomy (to make apermanent opening in colon)macro= largemacrostomia (abnormally largemouth)micro= smallmicrostomia (abnormally smallmouth, see “stomy” in colostomy above

10、?)mega/ -megaly= enlargedmegacolon (abnormally large colon = large intestine)Dento= teethdentistGlosso/linguo= tongueglossitis, lingual nerveGastro= stomachgastritisEntero= intestinegastroenteritisColo= large intestinecolitis, megacolonPneumo/pulmo= lungpneumonitis, pulmonologistHepato= liverhepatit

11、is, hepatomegalyNephro/rene= kidneynephrosis, renal arteryDermo= skindermatitisMasto/mammo= breastmammography, mastectomyOsteo= bonesosteoporosisCardio= heartelectrocardiogram (ECG)Cysto= bladdercystitisRhino= noserhinitis (runny nose!)Hemo/emia= bloodhematologist, anemiaLeuk/o= whiteleukemia (overabundance of white blood cells)melan/o= blackmelanoma (black tumor of the skin) cyan/o= bluecyanosis (blueness may be due to cold or not enough oxygen in bl