考研考博-英语-广州番禺职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州番禺职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Nowadays,manyteachershavetotakeprivatepupilsto______theirsalary.

问题1选项

A.enlarge

B.inflate

C.augment

D.extend

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项enlarge“扩大，增加”，可用来指数量上的增加；B项inflate“使膨胀”，指充气膨胀，通货膨胀等；C项augment“增大”，指在原有的基础上增加含量而扩大；D项extend“延伸，扩大”，指扩大范围、影响或领土、土地扩张等。根据关键词salary“薪资”可知，空白部分填入“增加”符合句意，所以只有A项符合。句意：现在，许多教师私自带学生来增加收入。因此，该题选择A项正确。

2.单选题

Evenasagirl,______tobeherlife,andtheateraudiencesweretobeherbestteachers.

问题1选项

A.performingbyMelissawere

B.itwasknownthatMelissa’sperformanceswere

C.knowingthatMelissa’sperformanceswere

D.Melissaknewthatperformingwas

【答案】D

【解析】考查句子结构与同位语。分析句子结构，可知and为连词，后面接的是一个完整的句子，因此and前也应为一个句子，空格处缺少主语，根据Evenasagirl可知agirl是主语的同位语，因此D选项符合语法和句式要求。句意：即使是个小女孩时，梅丽莎就知道表演是她的生命，而剧院的观众是她最好的老师。

3.单选题

Inmostcasespoliticiansare____astheyseldomtellthetruth.

问题1选项

A.credible

B.incredulous

C.credulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.credible可信的B.incredulous怀疑的

C.credulous轻信的D.incredible不能相信的

【答案】D

【考查点】句间逻辑

【解题思路】空格处所填词修饰的是政客们，表示的是政客们的特点；后文有一个as引导的原因状语从句，对此进行解释，其句意为“他们几乎不说真话”。根据原句逻辑，因为政客们很少说真话，所以他们不能让人相信，D选项incredible“不能相信的”，形容的人是“相信”的对象，最符合原句语义逻辑。

【干扰项排除】

A选项credible“可信的”，与原句语义逻辑相反；

B选项incredulous“怀疑的”，侧重于指一个人不轻易相信某人或某事；

C选项credulous“轻信的”，侧重于指一个人轻易地相信某人或某事。

【句意】在大多数情况下，政治家都是不能相信的，因为他们很少说真话。

4.单选题

TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity

Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurersandgovernments.

Thebehaviorsunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,andsubculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviorarealmostanorm.Therearesecondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviorandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace. 

Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.Theselectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavorcandidateswithintegrityandpositiveethicalbehaviorifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschoolshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunatelytherearetroubling,ifinconclusive,datathatsuggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehaviorofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarilyimprove;indeed,moraldevelopmentmayactuallystoporevenregress.

Thecreationofapervasiveinstitutionalcultureofintegrityisessential.Itiscriticalthattheacademicandclinicalleadersoftheinstitutionsetapersonalexampleofintegrity.Medicalschoolsmustmaketheirinstitutionalpositionandtheirexpectationsofstudentsabsolutelyclearfromdayone.Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyplayanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing.Moreover,theschool'sexaminationsystemandgeneraltreatmentofstudentsmustbeperceivedasfair.Finally,thetreatmentofinfractionsmustbefirm，fair,transparent,andconsistent.

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcheatinginmedicalschools?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itisimportanttopreventcheatinginmedicalschoolsbecause（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecause(s)ofcheating?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatprecautionsshouldmedicalschoolstaketopreventstudentsfromcheating?

5.Theauthorwillprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

问题1选项

A.Extensiveresearchhasbeendoneaboutthisphenomenon.

B.Wehavesufficientdatatoprovethatpreventionisfeasible.

C.Wearesafetoconcludethatthisphenomenonexistsonagrandscale.

D.Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonislacking.

问题2选项

A.themedicalprofessionisbasedontrust

B.thereiszerotoleranceofcheatinginmedicine

C.themedicalprofessiondependsonthegovernment

D.cheatingexistsextensivelyinmedicalschools

问题3选项

A.Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.

B.Badschoolenvironmentistheleadingcauseofstudentcheating.

C.Parentsarealwaystoblamefortheirchildren'scheatingbehavior.

D.CheatingexistsprimarilybecausestudentslearnbadthingsfromTV.

问题4选项

A.Medicalschoolsshouldestablishafirmmoralstandardtoweedoutapplicantswithlowintegrity.

B.Medicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedytheillsofasociety.

C.Medicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalvalues.

D.Thereisnothingmedicalschoolscandotoimprovetheethicalbehavioroftheirstudents.

问题5选项

A.Medicalschoolsshouldmakeexamseasierforthestudentstoalleviatethefiercecompetition.

B.Prominentfiguresinthemedicalinstitutionshouldcreateasetofmoralstandardstobeappliedinmedicalschools.

C.Medicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreationandpreservationofacultureofintegrity.

D.Thosestudentswhocheatintheexamsshouldbeinstantlyexpelledfromschool

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。文章第一段提到“Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.虽然我们没有足够的可靠数据来说明这一现象的严重程度，也不了解如何预防和进行有效管理，但可以根据常识和看似有效的观念得出很多结论并采取行动”可知，D项“有关这种现象的程度、预防和管控的可靠数据是缺乏的”正确；也由此知A、B、C三项不正确。

2.事实细实题。第二段中提到“Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.人们普遍认为，在基于信任和有关生命安全的职业中的作弊应该零容忍”可知A“医疗职业基于信任”正确；B“医疗作弊是零容忍的”是结果不是原因；C“医疗行业依靠政府”和D“作弊在医学院中广泛存在”原文均未提及，故选A。

3.事实细节题。文章第三段提到“Thebehaviorsunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.导致这些作弊行为的原因很多。这些原因包括在就读医学院之前受到的家庭、宗教及文化影响。”可知A“家庭，文化和社会发挥重要作用”正确，故选A。

4.事实细节题。A项“医学院应该建立一个可靠的道德标准来淘汰低水平的申请者”，文章第四段提到“ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.如果医学院有可靠的方法提前识别学生的品质的话”，此句为条件状语从句，由此可知目前还没有找到这种识别方法，故A不正确；B项“医学院应该努力纠正所有的社会问题”，文章第四段中提到“Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.医学院的问题反映了整个社会问题，我们不能指望社会的所有弊病都能被纠正”可知B不正确；C项“医学院应该培养未来医生诚信和道德价值观”，第四段中提到“Medicalschoolshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.医学院应该成为未来医生灌输诚信和道德观念的中心”可知C正确；D项“医学院无法改善学生的道德行为”，文章最后一段列举了一些解决学生道德行为问题的方法，如“在医学院中创建一个普遍的诚信文化制度；让医学院的学术领袖树立个人诚信榜样可知D不正确，故选C。

5.判断推理题。A项“医学院应该让学生考试更容易，以缓解激烈的竞争。”和D项“考试作弊的学生应该立即被开除出学校”在文中均未提及；B项“医疗机构中的杰出人物应该制定一套道德标准应用于医学院。”原文最后一段提到“itiscriticalthattheacademicandclinicalleadersoftheinstitutionsetapersonalexampleofintegrity.医学院的学术领袖树立个人的诚信榜样是很关键的”，可知B项中“createasetofmoralstandards创建道徳标准”不正确；C项“医学生应在创建和维护诚信文化方面发挥积极作用”，最后一段提到“Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyplayanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing.学校诚信文化的发展需要与学生建立伙伴关系，使他们在学校的创建和培养中发挥积极作用。”可知C项正确。

5.单选题

The（

）onthisapartmentexpiresinayear’stime.

问题1选项

A.treaty

B.engagement

C.lease

D.subsidy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。treaty“条约”；engagement“约会；婚约”；lease“租约”；subsidy“津贴”。句意：这个公寓的租期一年后到期。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Wecanseehowtheproductlifecycleworksbylookingattheintroductionofinstantcoffee.Whenitwasintroduced,mostpeopledidnotlikeitaswellas“regular”coffeeandittookseveralyearstogaingeneralacceptance(introductionstage).Atonepoint,though,instantcoffeegrewrapidlyinpopularityandmanybrandswereintroduced(stageofrapidgrowth).Afterawhile,peoplebecameattachedtoonebrandandsalesleveledoff(stageofmaturity).Sateswentintoaslightdeclinewhenfreeze-driedcoffeeswereintroduced(stageofdecline).

Theimportanceoftheproductlifecycletomarketersisthis:Differentstagesintheproductlifecyclecallfordifferentstrategies.Thegoalistoextendproductlifesothatsalesandprofitsdonotdecline.Onestrategyiscalledmarketmodification.Itmeansthatmarketingmanagerslookfornewusersandmarketsections.Didyouknow,forexample,thatthebackpacksthatsomanystudentscarrytodaywereoriginallydesignedforthemilitary?

Marketmodificationalsomeanssearchingforincreasedusageamongpresentcustomersorgoingforadifferentmarket,suchasseniorcitizens.Amarketermayre-positiontheproducttoappealtonewmarketsections.

Anotherproductextensionstrategyiscalledproductmodification.Itinvolveschangingproductquality,features,orstyletoattractnewusersormoreusagefrompresentusers.Americanautomanufacturersareusingqualityimprovementasonewaytorecaptureworldmarkets.Note,also,howautomanufacturersoncechangedstylesdramaticallyfromyeartoyeartokeepdemandfromfalling.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whenpeoplegrowfondofoneparticularbrandofaproduct,itssaleswill（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

3.Whydomarketersneedtoknowwhichofthefourstagesaproductisin?

4.Theauthormentionstheexampleof“backpacks”(Line4,Para2)toshowtheimportanceof（）.

5.Inordertorecovertheirshareoftheworldmarket,thefollowingmeasuresaretakenbyU.SautomakersEXCEPT（）.

问题1选项

A.decreasegradually

B.becomeunstable

C.improveenormously

D.remainatthesamelevel

问题2选项

A.Atthematuritystage,manybrandsareusuallyintroduced.

B.Newproductsareoftenmoreexpensivethanoldones.

C.Oldproductsareoftensuperiortonewones.

D.Anewproductisnoteasilyacceptedbythepublic.

问题3选项

A.Theyneedtoworkoutmarketingpolicies

B.Theywanttoincreaseitspopularity

C.Theyplantoimproveitsproductionprocess

D.Theydesiretospeedupitslifecycle.

问题4选项

A.increasingusageamongstudents

B.exploringnewmarketsections

C.pleasingtheyoungaswellastheold

D.servingbothmilitaryandcivilneeds

问题5选项

A.improvingproductquality

B.changingproductstyles

C.re-positioningtheirproducts

D.modifyingproductfeatures

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Afterawhile,peoplebecameattachedtoonebrandandsalesleveledoff(stageofmaturity).”一段时间后，人们对一个品牌产生了依恋，销售趋于平稳(成熟期)。选项D符合原文。

2.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，选项A应该是stageofrapidgrowth，表述错误；选项B和C在文中没有信息提及，无法推导；根据第二段第二句“Whenitwasintroduced,mostpeopledidnotlikeitaswellas“regular”coffeeandittookseveralyearstogaingeneralacceptance.”当它初次被引进时，大多数人并不像喜欢“普通”咖啡那样喜欢它，并且花了几年时间才获得普遍接受。选项D符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段第一句“Theimportanceoftheproductlifecycletomarketersisthis:Differentstagesintheproductlifecyclecallfordifferentstrategies.”产品生命周期对营销商的重要性在于:产品生命周期的不同阶段需要不同的策略。选项A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据关键词“backpacks”定位到第二段，分析原文可知，作者以双肩包举例是想说明“Onestrategyiscalledmarketmodification.Itmeansthatmarketingmanagerslookfornewusersandmarketsections.”其中一种策略叫做市场调整。这意味着营销经理要寻找新的用户和市场部门。选项B符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“Itinvolveschangingproductquality,features,orstyletoattractnewusersormoreusagefrompresentusers.”它包括改变产品质量、特性或风格，以吸引新用户或现有用户的更多使用。只有选项C没有提及。

7.单选题

______ofanewspapernorthenumberofpagesinaneditionhaseverbeenstandardized.

问题1选项

A.Thepagesizeisneither

B.Neitheristhepagesize

C.Thepagesize,neither

D.Neitherthepagesize

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。考查的是“neither...nor...”的用法，这是一个表示并列否定的结构，在neither与nor后面各自接的成分在属性上必须保持一致，由题干可知，我们应该要选择一个名词性成分，A项、B项是句子所以排除；因为neither是一般放在句首的，所以C项排除；句意：一份报纸的版面大小和一版的页数都没有标准化。因此，该题正确答案为D。

8.单选题

One’sattitudetowardsjobhuntingwouldbe（）tohisprospects.

问题1选项

A.critical

B.critic

C.crucial

D.criticized

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项critical“批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的”；B选项critic“批评家，评论家；爱挑剔的人”；C选项crucial“重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的”；D选项criticize“批评；评论；非难”。句意：一个人对找工作的态度对他的发展前景是重要的。故C正确。

9.翻译题

Arecentphenomenoninthechoiceofcareersonthepartofthecollegegraduatesistheincreasingtrendtowardsbigcompanies.Fewareinterestedinresearchfields.Thisisanunavoidableprobleminamaterialisticsociety,wheretemptingsalariesandfringebenefitsareofferedbybigcompaniestocompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Ontheotherhand,asmanybigenterprisesandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateeconomicresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlongrangeresearch,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsandresearchersfromthepureresearchtotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailablewithbettersalaries.Allthishasnotonlyseriouslyinfluencedyoungpeople’sviewonthechoiceofcareers,butoneducationaswell.Manycollegeteachersdeplorethatfewerandfewerstudentsthesedaysacquireknowledge.

【答案】最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出现了一种倾向,这就是毕业生越来越青睐大公司,很少有人愿意到研究单位。在物欲横流的社会里,这是一个不可避免的问题。学生还没有走出校门,大公司便在竞相聘用他们,向他们提供诱人的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面,由于许多大企业,甚至包括一些政府部门往往看重直接经济效益,而相对来说对长期的理论研究不感兴趣,所以科研人员不断从纯理论研究领域流向实用工业。因为在那里工作要比研究领域里好找,工资往往也高。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业观,而且还影响了教育。许多教师哀叹,现在单纯为了学知识而学习的学生越来越少了。

10.单选题

TheRedCrossappealedtophilanthropytosavealifeofaprisoner.

问题1选项

A.public

B.charity

C.justice

D.attorney

【答案】B

【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项public“公众，社会，公共场所”；B选项charity“慈善，慈善团体”；C选项justice“司法，法律制裁，正义”；D选项attorney“律师，代理人，检察官”。句意：红十字会呼吁慈善事业来拯救一名囚犯的生命。Philanthropy“慈善；慈善事业”，B选项与该单词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Itwassopleasingtofindabreezeupthereallayingthefervidafternoon.

问题1选项

A.incendiary

B.incandescent

C.dispassionate

D.contumacious

【答案】B

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项incendiary“纵火的，煽动性的，能引起燃烧的，非常辣的”；B选项incandescent“辉耀的，炽热的，发白热光的”；C选项dispassionate“不带感情的，平心静气的，公平的”；D选项contumacious“不听命令的，反抗法院命令的，顽固的”。句意：看到微风吹过，缓和了炎热的下午，真是令人高兴。Fervid“热情的，炽热的，热心的，热的”，B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

WhichofthefollowingitalicizedphrasesindicatesCAUSE?

问题1选项

A.Whydon’tyoudoitforthesakeofyourfriends?

B.IwishIcouldwriteaswellasyou.

C.Forallhisefforts,hedidn’tgetanA

D.Hereyeswereredfromexcessivereading.

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“你为什么不为你的朋友着想呢？”forthesakeof意为“为了……”；B选项“我希望我能写得像你一样好。”，aswellas意为“和……一样”；C选项“尽管他很努力，他还是没有得到A。”，for在句中表示转折，与all连用表示“虽然，尽管”；D选项“她看书看得太多，眼睛都红了。”，from在句中表示“因为，出于”。因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Manycountrieshaveadoptedsystemsof（）educationinordertopromotetheaveragelevelofeducation.

问题1选项

A.constrained

B.compulsory

C.cardinal

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项constrained“强迫的，过于受约束的”，例如：aconstrainedconfession（逼供、被迫招供），constrainedemotions（受压抑的感情）；B选项compulsory“义务的，必修的”，例如：compulsorymeasures（强迫手段），compulsoryservicesystem（义务兵役制）；C选项cardinal“主要的，基本的”，例句：RespectforlifeisacardinalprincipleofEnglishlaw.（尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则）；D选项conventional“传统的，惯例的”，例句：Thechairmanmadeafewconventionalremarks.（主席说了几句客套话。）。句意：为了提高平均教育水平，许多国家都采用了义务教育制度。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

14.问答题

Nothinkerinthenineteenthcenturyhashadsodirect,deliberateandpowerfulaninfluenceuponmankindasKarlMarx.Bothduringhislifetimeandafterithehasexercisedanintellectualandmoralascendancyoverhisfollowers,thestrengthofwhichwasuniqueeveninthatgoldenageofdemocraticnationalism,anagewhichsawtheriseofgreatpopularheroesandmartyrs，romantic,almostlegendaryfigures,whoselivesandwordsdominatedtheimaginationofthemassesandcreatedanewrevolutionarytraditioninEurope.YetMarxcouldnot,atanytime,becalledapopularfigureintheordinarysense:certainlyhewasinnosenseapopularwriterororator.Hewroteextensively,buthisworkswerenot,duringhislifetime,readwidely;andwhen,inthelateeighteenseventies,theybegantoreachtheimmensepublicwhichseveralamongthemafterwardsobtained,thedesiretoreadthemwasduenotsomuchtoarecognitionoftheirintrinsicqualitiesastothegrowthofthefameandnotorietyofthemovementwithwhichhewasidentified.

Marxtotallylackedthequalitiesofagreatpopularleaderoragitator,wasnotapublicistofgeniusliketheRussiandemocratAlexanderHelen,nordidhepossessBakunin'smarvelouseloquence;thegreaterpartofhisworkinglifewasspentincomparativeobscurityinLondon,athiswriting-deskandinthereading-roomoftheBritishMuseum.Hewaslittleknowntothegeneralpublic,andwhiletowardstheendofhislifehebecametherecognizedandadmiredleaderofapowerfulinternationalmovement,nothinginhislifeorcharacterstirredtheimaginationorevokedtheboundlessdevotion,theintense,almostreligion,worship,withwhichsuchmenasKossuth,Mazzini,andevenLassalleinhislastyears,wereregardedbytheirfollowers.

Hispublicappearanceswereneitherfrequentnornotablysuccessful.Onthefewoccasionsonwhichheaddressedbanquetsorpublicmeetings,hisspeecheswereoverloadedwithmatter,anddeliveredwithacombinationofmonotonousnessandbrusqueness,whichcommandedtherespectbutnottheenthusiasmofhisaudience.Hewasbytemperamentatheoristandanintellectual,andinstinctivelyavoideddirectcontactwiththemasses,tothestudyofwhoseinterestshisentirelifewasdevoted.TomanyofhisfollowersheappearedintheroleofadogmaticandsententiousGermanschoolmaster,preparedtorepeathisthesesindefinitely,withrisingsharpness,untiltheiressencebecameirremovablylodgedinhisdisciples'minds.Thegreaterpartofhiseconomicteachingwasgivenitsfirstexpressioninlecturestoworkingmen:hisexpositionunderthesecircumstanceswasbyallaccountsamodeloflucidityandconciseness.Buthewroteslowlyandpainfully,assometimeshappenswithrapidandfertilethinkers,scarcelyabletocopewiththespeedoftheirownideas,impatientatoncetocommunicateanewdoctrine,andtoforestalleverypossibleobjection;thepublishedversionsweregenerallyturgid,clumsy,andobscureindetail,althoughthecentraldoctrineisneverinseriousdoubt.HewasacutelycopiousofthisandoncecomparedhimselfwiththeheroofBalzac'sUnknownMasterpiece,whotriestopaintthepicturewhichhasformeditselfinhismind,touchesandretouchesthecanvasendlessly,toproduceatlastashapelessmassofcolors,whichtohiseyeseemstoexpressthevisioninhisimagination.Hebelongedtoagenerationwhichcultivatedtheemotionsmoreintentlyanddeliberatelythanitspredecessors,andwasbroughtupamongmentowhomideaswereoftenmorerealthanfacts,andpersonalrelationsmeantfarmorethantheeventsoftheexternalworld;bywhomindeedpubliclifewascommonlyunderstoodandinterpretedintermsoftherichandelaborateworldoftheirownprivateexperience.

1.WhatkindofpersonwasKarlMarxaccordingtothepassage?

2.HowcouldyoudescribetheagewhenMarxlivedaccordingtothepassage?

3.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofMarx’spopularity?

4.WhywastheaudiencenotenthusiasticaboutMarx’sspeeches?

5.ForwhatpurposewasBalzac’sUnknownMasterpiecementioned?

【答案】1.KarlMarxwasagreatthinkerwhobroughtdirect,deliberateandpowerfulinfluenceuponmankind.Buthetotallylackedthequalitiesofagreatpopularleaderoragitator.Hispublicappearanceswereneitherfrequentnornotablysuccessful.

2.Itisagoldenageofdemocraticnationalism,anagewhichsawtheriseofgreatpopularheroesandmartyrs,romantic,almostlegendaryfigures,whoselivesandwordsdominatedtheimaginationofthemassesandcreatedanewrevolutionarytraditioninEurope.

3.ThereasonofMarx’popularitywasduenotsomuchtoarecognitionofintrinsicqualitiescontainedinhisworksastothegrowthofthefameandnotorietyofthemovementwithwhichhewasidentified.

4.Becausehisspeecheswereoverloadedwithmatter,anddeliveredwithacombinationofmonotonousnessandbrusqueness.

5.KarlMarxoncecomparedhimselfwiththeheroofBalzac'sUnknownMasterpiecetoexplainhisspecialwaysofwritingandthinking.

15.单选题

The______wasgreatestwhenthepitcherpausedbeforedeliveringthelaststrike.

问题1选项

A.game

B.crowd

C.sportsmanship

D.tension

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.game游戏；比赛B.crowd人群

C.sportsmanship体育精神D.tension拉力；紧张

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后半句的意思“当投手在投出最后一个好球前停顿时”可推测，人们紧张的气氛是最高的，因此空格处填入D项恰当。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】当投手在投出最后一个好球前停顿时，紧张的气氛达到了顶点。

16.单选题

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Textinghaslongbeenbemoaned(哀叹)asthedownfallofthewrittenword,“penmanshipforilliterates,”asonecriticcalledit.TowhichtheproperresponseisLOL.Textingproperlyisn’twritingatall.It’sa“spoken”languagethatisgettingricherandmorecomplexbytheyear.

First,somehistoricalperspective.Writingwasonlyinvented5,500yearsago,whereaslanguageprobablytracesbackatleast80,000years.Thustalkingcamefirst;wringisjustacraftthatcamealonglater.Assuch,thefirstwritingwasbasedonthewaypeopletalk,withshortsentences.However,whiletalkingislargelysubconsciousandrapid,writingisdeliberateandslow.Overtime,writerstookadvantageofthisandstartedcraftinglong-windedsentencessuchasthisone:“Thewholeengagementlastedabove12hours,tillthegradualretreatofthePersianswaschangedintoadisorderlyflight,ofwhichtheshamefulexamplewasgivenbytheprincipalleadersand…”

Noonetalkslikethatcasually—orshould.Butitisnaturaltodesiretodosoforspecialoccasions.Intheolddays,wedidn’tmuchwriteliketalkingbecausetherewasnomechanismtoreproducethespeedofconversation.Buttextingandinstantmessagingdo—andarevolutionhasbegun.Itinvolvesthecrudemechanicsofwriting,butinitseconomy,spontaneityandevenvulgarity,textingisactuallyanewkindoftalking,withitsownkindofgrammarandconventions.

TakeLOL.Itdoesn’tactuallymean“laughingoutloud”inaliteralsenseanymore.LOLhasevolvedintosomethingmuchsubtlerandsophisticatedandisusedevenwhennothingisremotelyamusing.Joeelyntexts“Wherehaveyoubeen?”andAnnabelletextsback“LOLatthelibrarystudyingfortwohours.”LOLsignalbasicempathy(同感)betweentexters,easingtensionandcreatingasenseofequality.Insteadofhavingaliteralmeaning,itdoessomething—conveyinganattitude—justlikethe-edendingconveyspasttenseratherthan“meaning”anything.LOL,ofallthings,isgrammar.

Ofcoursenoonethinksaboutthatconsciously.Butthenmostofcommunicationoperateswithoutbeingnoticed.Overtime,themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts—meatusedtomeananykindoffood,sillyusedtomean,believeitornot,blessed.

Civilization,then,isfine—peoplebangingawayontheirsmartphonesarefluentlyusingacodeseparatefromtheonetheyuseinactualwriting,andthereisnoevidencethattextingisruiningcompositionskills.Worldwidepeoplespeakdifferentlyfromthewaytheywrite,andtexting—quick,casualandonlyintendedtobereadonce—isactuallyawayoftalkingwithyourfingers.

16.Whatdocriticssayabouttexting?

17.Inwhatwaydoestheauthorsaywritingisdifferentfromtalking?

18.WhyisLOLmuchusedintexting?

19.Exampleslikemeatandsillyarecitedtoshow（）.

20.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftexting?

问题1选项

A.Itismainlyconfinedtoyoungsters.

B.Itcompeteswithtraditionalwriting.

C.Itwillruinthewrittenlanguage.

D.Itisoftenhardtounderstand.

问题2选项

A.Itiscraftedwithspecificskills.

B.Itexpressesideasmoreaccurately.

C.Itdoesnothaveaslongahistory.

D.Itisnotaseasytocomprehend.

问题3选项

A.Itbringstextersclosertoeachother.

B.Itshowsthetexter’ssophistication.

C.Itisatrendywaytocommunicate.

D.Itaddstothehumorofthetext.

问题4选项

A.thedifferencebetweenwritingandtalking

B.howdifferentlywordsareusedintexting

C.whypeopleusethewordsthewaytheydo

D.thegradualchangeofwordmeaning

问题5选项

A.Itfacilitatesexchangeofideasamongpeople.

B.Itisanewformofverbalcommunication.

C.Itdeterioratespeople’scompositionskills.

D.Ithastensthedeclineofthewrittenword.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】16、【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“critics”定位到文章的第一段第一句话“Textinghaslongbeenbemoanedasthedownfallofthewrittenword,“penmanshipforilliterates,”asonecriticcalledit”（长久以来，短信一直被认为是书面文字的衰落，一位评论家称它为“文盲的书法”）。选项C“它会破坏了书面语言”对应这句话中的thedownfallofthewrittenword。A、B、D与评论家的说法无关，所以排除。因此C选项正确。

17、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“writingisdifferentfromtalking”可定位到第二段第五句话“However,whiletalkingislargelysubconsciousandrapid,writingisdeliberateandslow”（然而，说话很大程度上是潜意识的、快速的，而写作则是深思熟虑的、缓慢的）可知deliberate这个词来看，与B选项表达中的accurately最接近，所以最佳选项为B选项。A、D选项在文中没有相关表述；C选项关于写作的历史第二段开头可知，写作是位于谈话之后的，历史也是很长的，所以排除。因此B选项正确。

18、【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“LOL”我们定位到文章中第四段第五句话“LOLsignalbasicempathy(同感)betweentexters,easingtensionandcreatingasenseofequality”（LOL代表了发信息的人之间基本的同感，以及缓和紧张气氛和找到公平的感觉）可知那么“同感”就对应着选项A中的closertoeachother，即让人与人之间的距离更近。所以最佳选项为A选项。LOL一开始的字面意义为“笑出来了”，甚至在没什么好玩的时候也会使用它，但没有关于其幽默的表述，所以排除D选项；B、C选项没有原文依据，所以排除。因此A选项正确。

19、【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“meatandsilly”可定位到第五段第三句话“Overtime,themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts—meatusedtomeananykindoffood,sillyusedtomean,believeitornot,blessed”（随着时间的推移，一个单词或短语的含义也在不断变化——meat被用来表示任何一种食物，silly被用来表示，信不信由你，上天保佑）可知这是个举例，而其观点在前面部分，即“themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts”所以meatandsilly显示出了词语意义的变化。Drift对应着D选项中的change。A、B、C均不符合题意，所以排除。因此D选项正确。

20、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句话“It’sa‘spoken’languagethatisgettingricherandmorecomplexbytheyear”（这是一种“口语”语言，它正变得越来越丰富和复杂）以及最后一段最后一句话“Worldwidepeoplespeakdifferentlyfromthewaytheywrite,andtexting—quick,casualandonlyintendedtobereadonce—isactuallyawayoftalkingwithyourfingers”（世界各地的人们说话的方式和书写的方式大不相同。短信——快速、随意、只供阅读一次的短信——其实是用手指在说话）可知这两句话都处于文章表达观点的段落，表达的意思为它是一种新的语言交流形式，和B选项构成同义