考研考博-英语-广州涉外经济职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州涉外经济职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Whenitcomestothetruthofthecase,his（）answeris“nocomment”.

问题1选项

A.invariable

B.investigative

C.invalid

D.invasive

【答案】A

【解析】词义辨析题。invariable不变的,

始终如一的；investigative调查研究的；invalid无效的；invasive侵略性的。句意：说到案件的真相,

他始终如一的回答是“无可奉告”。选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

Certainlyeveryschool______highprioritytothequalityofteaching.

问题1选项

A.ascribes

B.refers

C.reconciles

D.accords

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ascribes把……归因于；认为……是B.refers提到，谈到

C.reconciles调和；和解D.accords（与……）一致，符合

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据highpriority（高优先级）和thequalityofteaching（教学质量）可知，此句应该表示学校教学质量是高优先级，结合to可知，ascribeto表示“认为……是；归因于”符合句意，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】当然，每个学校都对教学质量高度重视。

3.单选题

TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.“Sometimeinthefuture”,thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2010.

Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there’splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper―printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.

Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateisprinteditionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.

PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.“Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseforthem.”hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you’regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.”

Sometimesthat’sworthmakingachangeanyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflixdiscontinuingitsDVDmailingservicetofocusonstreaming.“Itwasseenasblunder,”hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeattheTimes?“Iwouldn’tpickayeartoendprint,”hesaid,“Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.”

Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey’dliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein,“Soifyou’reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping.”Perettisaid.“Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.”Inotherwords,ifyou’regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit,whichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital—onlysubscription.

“It’sareallyhardthingtodoandit’satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn’thavealegacybusiness.”Perettiremarked.“Butwe’regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe’redoingthatdon’tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituation,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethatlessaggressive.”

1.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprinteditionpartlydueto（

）.

2.Perttisuggeststhatinfaceofthepresentsituation,TheTimesshould（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs5and6thata“legacyproduct”（

）.

4.Perettibelievesthatinachangingworld（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

问题1选项

A.theincreasingonlineandsales

B.thepressurefromitsinvestors

C.thecomplaintsfromitsreaders

D.thehighcostofoperation

问题2选项

A.makestrategicadjustments

B.endtheprinteditionforgood.

C.seeknewsourcesofleadership.

D.aimforefficientmanagement

问题3选项

A.helpsrestorethegloryofformertimes

B.ismeantforthemostloyalcustomers

C.willhavethecostofprintingreduced

D.expandsthepopularityofthepaper.

问题4选项

A.traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffected

B.cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solving

C.aggressivenessbettermeetschallenges

D.legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated

问题5选项

A.ShifttoOnlineNewspapersAllatOnce.

B.CherishthenewspapersStillinYourHand

C.KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion

D.MakeYourPrintNewspapersaLuxuryGood

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第二段Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper―printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints提到现在发行一份纸质报纸所需要的印刷机、配送卡是奢侈。在当下，只发行电子版报纸的同类报纸不受这种经济因素的制约。选项D“昂贵的运营费用”符合题意。

2.文章第四段第一句PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway提到Peretti认为泰晤士报不应该花时间去思考停止印刷纸质版，而是应该寻找正确的方法去解决问题。选项A“进行战略调整”符合题意。

3.文章第六段第一句themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor提到最忠诚的顾客们依旧会选择他们一直喜欢的产品；makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit专门为最忠诚客户为生，由此推断选项B“专门为最忠诚客户为生”符合题意。

4.文章最后一段最后一句inthosesituation,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethatlessaggressive提到碰到那种情况，迎难而上要比无所作为好。选项C符合题意。

5.文章主要讲述了报纸行业为防止被淘汰而采取对策。文章第五、六段提到不应该立即取消或者淘汰报纸行业，而应该把它变成一种更像文化遗产的产品，不断提高报纸的价格，变成一种奢侈品（Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct）。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Wetriedtosettletheproblemwiththemassoonaspossible,buttheyseemedto（）sincerity.

问题1选项

A.lackof

B.belackof

C.lackin

D.belackingin

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。seem的用法为“主语+seem+（tobe）+表语”，表语多为名词或形容词，有时是其他的词或短语，以说明主语的特征或状态，所以排除A、C选项；lackof“没有；不够；缺乏；不足”，经常和for或becauseof连用；lack还可以用“现在分词”的形式组成一个惯用句型belackingin来表示“欠缺、特点等”，该句型中介词in不可省略。句意：我们试图尽快和他们解决这个问题，但他们似乎缺乏诚意。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Withitscommoninterestinlaw-breakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheword)ofcrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Fatalitiesmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,Africanjungle,orAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgas-litLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.Theelaborate,carefullyassembledplot,despisedthemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermysterywithitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.WiththeguiltofescapismfromRealLifenagginggently,wesecretlyrevelintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,who,sufferingfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebruisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler.Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas______.

2.Thetextsuggeststhatintellectualswritedetectivestoriesbecause______.

3.Whatfeatureofthedetectivestoryissaidtodisqualifyitfromrespectfulconsiderationbyintellectualcritics?

4.Oneofthemostincrediblecharacteristicsoftheheroofathrilleris______.

5.Inwhatwayarethedetectivestoryandthrillerunlike?

问题1选项

A.anotquiterespectableformoftheconventionalnovel

B.notatruenovelatall

C.relatedinsomewayslothehistoricalnovel

D.anindependentdevelopmentofthenovel

问题2选项

A.thestoriesareofteninfactveryinstructive

B.theyenjoywritingthesestories

C.thecreationofthesestoriesdemandsconsiderableintelligence

D.detectivestoriesareanacceptedbranchofliterature

问题3选项

A.Themanyseemingimpossibleevents.

B.Thefactthattheguiltyarealwaysfoundoutandtheinnocentcleared.

C.Theexistenceofaneatclosely-knitstory.

D.Thelackofinterestingenuinecharacterrevelations.

问题4选项

A.hisexcitinglife

B.hisamazingtoughness

C.hisabilitytoescapefromdangeroussituations

D.thewayhedealswithhisenemies

问题5选项

A.Inintroducingviolence.

B.Inprovidingexcitementandsuspense.

C.Inappealingtotheintellectualcuriosityofthereader.

D.Inensuringthateverythingcomesrightintheend.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas______.1.犯罪小说被认为______。

A.anotquiterespectableformoftheconventionalnovelA.传统小说的一种不是很体面的形式

B.notatruenovelatallB.根本不是一部真正的小说

C.relatedinsomewayslothehistoricalnovelC.某些方面与历史小说是相通的

D.anindependentdevelopmentofthenovelD.小说的一个独立发展

【答案】D

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第一段的内容“……犯罪小说可以合法地宣称它是文学的一个独立分支，或者至少是传统小说的一个独特的分支，尽管这个分支有点名声不太好”可知，犯罪小说被认为是文学或者传统小说的一个独特分支，也就是说它是小说的一个独立发展，因此D项“小说的一个独立发展”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“传统小说的一种不是很体面的形式”根据解题思路可知，犯罪小说只是传统小说的一个独特分支，而不是它的一种形式，该项属于曲解原文；

B项“根本不是一部真正的小说”，根据解题思路可知犯罪小说是传统小说的一个独特的分支，犯罪小说是一种小说，该项属于反向干扰；

C项“某些方面与历史小说是相通的”没有提到，属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

2.Thetextsuggeststhatintellectualswritedetectivestoriesbecause______.2.文章认为知识分子写侦探小说是因为______。

A.thestoriesareofteninfactveryinstructiveA.这些故事实际上往往很有教育意义

B.theyenjoywritingthesestoriesB.他们喜欢写这些故事

C.thecreationofthesestoriesdemandsconsiderableintelligenceC.创作这些故事需要相当大的智慧

D.detectivestoriesareanacceptedbranchofliteratureD.侦探小说是公认的文学分支

【答案】B

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第二句“它的创作往往是大学教师、文学经济学家、科学家甚至诗人消遣时创作出来的”可推测，知识分子写侦探小说是因为他们喜欢写这些故事。因此B选项“他们喜欢写这些故事”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“这些故事实际上往往很有教育意义”、C项“创作这些故事需要相当大的智慧”和D项“侦探小说是公认的文学分支”在文中没有提到，属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

3.Whatfeatureofthedetectivestoryissaidtodisqualifyitfromrespectfulconsiderationbyintellectualcritics?3.侦探小说的什么特点使它不受知识分子评论家的尊重？

A.Themanyseemingimpossibleevents.A.许多看似不可能的事件。

B.Thefactthattheguiltyarealwaysfoundoutandtheinnocentcleared.B.有罪的人总能被发现，清白的人总能洗脱罪名。

C.Theexistenceofaneatclosely-knitstory.C.存在着一个简洁而紧密的故事。

D.Thelackofinterestingenuinecharacterrevelations.D.对真实性格的揭露缺乏兴趣。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第六句“精心设计的情节，藐视现代的知识批评家和重要小说的创造者（despisedthemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels）……”可以看出，侦探小说不受知识分子评论家的尊重是因为它紧密的情节设置藐视了现代知识分子批评家和伟大小说的创作者，所以C项“存在着一个简洁而紧密的故事”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“许多看似不可能的事件”、B项“有罪的人总能被发现，清白的人总能洗脱罪名”属于侦探小说里面的情节，应该是C项里的内容，所以这两项以偏概全；

D项“对真实性格的揭露缺乏兴趣”没有提到，无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

4.Oneofthemostincrediblecharacteristicsoftheheroofathrilleris______.4.惊悚小说主人公最令人难以置信的特点之一是______。

A.hisexcitinglifeA.他惊险刺激的生活

B.hisamazingtoughnessB.他惊人的韧性

C.hisabilitytoescapefromdangeroussituationsC.他逃离危险处境的能力

D.thewayhedealswithhisenemiesD.他对付敌人的方式

【答案】B

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干关键词thriller和hero定位到原文第三段，由原文第三段第二句“……遭受至少断了两根肋骨，眼睛被打黑一只，无数的瘀伤和宿醉的英雄，仍然可以追逐和压制带有武器的且拥有摔跤手体格的恶棍”可知，即使主人公经历了种种磨难，依然能战胜带有武器的恶棍。由此可知，B选项“他惊人的韧性”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“他惊险刺激的生活”没有提到，无中生有；

C项“逃离危险处境的能力”和D项“他对付敌人的方式”都不属于主人公最不可思议的特征，属于张冠李戴。

5.【选项释义】

5.Inwhatwayarethedetectivestoryandthrillerunlike?5.侦探小说和惊悚小说在哪些方面不同？

A.Inintroducingviolence.A.在介绍暴力方面。

B.Inprovidingexcitementandsuspense.B.在提供刺激和悬念方面。

C.Inappealingtotheintellectualcuriosityofthereader.C.在满足读者的求知欲方面。

D.Inensuringthateverythingcomesrightintheend.D.在确保结局一切顺利方面。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】由第二段第五六句“故事的背景设置在更偏远的环境，非洲丛林，澳大利亚丛林，古代中国或煤气灯照亮的伦敦，吸引了我们对地理或历史的兴趣，大多数侦探小说作家都会尽职尽责地提供合理的真实背景。精心设计的情节，藐视了现代的知识批评家和重要小说的创造者，在谋杀之谜中找到了避难所，它的线索是零星的，且显然看起来是不可能的，所有这些在最后都有适当的解决方案和解释。”可知，侦探小说的发生场景是我们熟悉的，任务形象也和我们身边的人一样，故事发生的背景设置也尽可能合理真实，吸引我们对地理或者历史的兴趣，所有的内容都有适当的答案和最后的解释；而根据最后一段第三四句“与侦探故事不同的是，他在一个几乎无所不知的头号罪犯的世界里危险地移动，这个世界充斥着无情的帮派、残暴、对权力和金钱的贪婪，他的失败几乎是偶然的。在这部惊悚片中，我们或许错过了那种安全感：在镇定的调查员的带领下，我们安全地走过了一堆转移注意力的事情，走过了一条盲目的道路，最终聚集了一群嫌疑人，然后对所有困扰我们的事情进行了毫无疑问的解释，正义和善良占据了主导。”可知，惊悚小说的主人公几乎是无所不知，战无不胜的，他可以通过一系列途径，最终到达犯罪嫌疑人聚集的地方，正义和善良战胜了一切，读者所期望的一切都得到了满足。综上所述可以判断，侦探小说和惊悚小说吸引读者去阅读的方式是不一样的，所以C选项“在满足读者的求知欲方面”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“在介绍暴力方面”，侦探小说并没有介绍暴力，所以无从比较，该项属于无中生有；

B项“在提供刺激和悬念方面”中的“刺激”在侦探小说中没有体现，属于曲解原文；

D项“在确保结局一切顺利方面”由解题思路可知，侦探小说和惊悚小说在确保结局顺利方面，都是使读者所期望的一切都得到了满足，所以该项属于曲解原文。

6.单选题

CharlesWheeler’spaintingsoften（）thesharpedgesandgeometricalshapesofmachines.

问题1选项

A.highlight

B.revive

C.visualize

D.upgrade

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项highlight“突出；强调”；B选项revive“复兴；复活”；C选项visualize“设想；形象化”；D选项upgrade“升级；改善”。句意：查尔斯•惠勒的作品……机器的锋利的边缘和几何形状。句中的主语是paintings“绘画；画作”，可知是在谈论这位画家作品的风格，会着重强调哪些部分。因此A选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Withtherapidglobalizationofscienceitself(morethan40percentofscientificPh.D.studentstrainedintheUnitedStatesarenowforeignnationals,roughlyhalfofwhomreturntotheircountriesoforigin),theonceundisputedU.S.scientificlead,whetherrelevanttoproductleadornot,isdiminishing.

ThecompetitionofforeignstudentsforpositionsinU.S.graduateschoolshasalsocontributedtomakingscientifictrainingrelativelyunattractivetoU.S.students,becausetherapidlyincreasingsupplyofstudentshasdiminishedtherelativerewardsofthiscareerpath.Forthebestandbrightestfromlow-incomecountries,apositionasaresearchassistantintheUnitedStatesisattractive,whereasthebestandbrightestU.S.studentsmightnowseebetteroptionsinotherfields.Scienceandengineeringcareers,totheextentthattheyareopeninguptoforeigncompetition(whetherimportedoravailablethroughbettercommunication),alsoseemtobebecomingrelativelylessattractivetoU.S.students.

Withrespecttotheroleofuniversitiesintheinnovationprocess,the”speculativeboomofthe1990s(which,amongotherthings,madeitpossibletoconvertscientificfindingsintocashratherquickly)waslargelyunexpected.Theboombroughtuniversitiesandtheirfacultiesintomuchclosercontactwithprivatemarketsastheytriedtogainasmuchoftheeconomicdividendsfromtheirdiscoveriesaspossible.Forawhile,thepathbetweendiscoveriesinbasicscienceandnewflowsofhardcashwasconsiderablyshortened.Butduringthenextfewdecades,thispathlikelywillreverttowarditsmoretraditionallengthandreestablish,inahealthyway,themoretraditional(andmoreindependent)relationshipbetweenthebasicresearchdoneatuniversitiesandthoseentitiesthattranslateideasintoproductsandservices.

Intheinterveningyears,anothernewforcealsogreatlyfacilitatedglobalization:therapidgrowthoftheInternetandcheapwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication.Today,complexdesignactivitiescantakeplaceinlocationsquiteremovedfrommanufacturing,otherbusinessfunctions,andtheconsumer.Indeed,thereisnowampleopportunityforreal-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsthatarequiteindependentoftheirspecificlocations.Forexample,softwaredevelopment,withallitschangesandcomplications,cantoaconsiderableextentbedoneoverseasforaU.S.customer.Foreigncallcenterscanrespondinstantlytoquestionsfromthousandsofmilesaway.Theresultisthatlow-wageworkersintheFarEastandinsomeothercountriesarecomingintoevermoredirectcompetitionwithamuchwiderspectrumofU.S.labor:unskilledinthecaseofcallcenters;morehighlyskilledinthecaseofprogrammers.

1.Therapidglobalizationofscience

（

）.

2.Accordingtothistext（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

（

）.

4.Allofthefollowingmighthavecontributedtoglobalizationexcept

（

）.

5.Thistextismainlyabout（

）.

问题1选项

A.hasledtotherapidgrowthoftheInternet

B.hasdiminishedtherelativerewardsofscienceandengineeringcareers

C.hasresultedinthefiercecompetitionofscientifictrainingintheUS

D.hascontributedtothediminishofU.S.scientificleadership

问题2选项

A.thecareersunattractivetoU.S.studentsmaynotbesotoforeignstudents

B.scienceandengineeringcareersareunattractiveexclusivelytoU.S.students

C.U.S.studentsarenotcourageousenoughtofaceforeigncompetition

D.U.S.studentsarenotwellpreparedtocompetewithforeignstudents

问题3选项

A.scientistsrarelyexpecttomakemoneyfromtheirdiscoveriesinbasicscience

B.itwillbemucheasiertoconvertscientificfindingsintocashinthenearfuture

C.theboomofthe1990scouldbeconsideredsomewhatunhealthy

D.theboomofthe1990swilllastatleastforseveraldecades

问题4选项

A.theunprecedenteddevelopmentofInternet

B.theclosercontactofuniversitieswithprivatemarkets

C.real-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctions

D.theprevalenceofwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication

问题5选项

A.thescientificleadershipoftheU.S

B.theshortageofscientistsintheU.S

C.Therapidglobalizationofscience

D.Bettercommunicationandglobalization

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到美国40%的博士生都是来自其他国家，而这些学生在美国接受完教育后选择回到自己的祖国，因此，随着科学本身的国际化，美国在科学界领域的地位正在下降（isdiminishing）。选项D符合题意。

2.文章第二段提到了美国本国的学生与国外留学生对工作选择的期望不同：那些来自于低收入国家的学生会对一个研究助理的职位趋之若鹜，而本国的学生却对此不感兴趣，他们有更好的选择(seebetteroptionsinotherfields)。选项A“对于美国本国学生没有吸引力的工作，对外国学生却有着吸引力”符合题意。

3.文章第三段前半部分提到90年代的投机性高涨（speculativeboom），这种高涨导致学校里的老师只想尽可能多的去获得更多的经济利益(theboombroughtuniversitiesandtheirfacultiesintomuchclosercontactwithprivatemarketsastheytriedtogainasmuchoftheeconomicdividendsfromtheirdiscoveriesaspossible)，后半部分Butduringthenextfewdecades,thispathlikelywillreverttowarditsmoretraditionallengthandreestablish,inahealthyway,themoretraditional(andmoreindependent)relationshipbetweenthebasicresearchdoneatuniversitiesandthoseentitiesthattranslateideasintoproductsandservices提到接下来的几十年，一种健康的方式在逆转之前的道路，由此可推断90年代的繁荣被认为是不健康的。选项C符合题意。

4.文章最后一段前半部分提到互网的诞生、廉价的款待网络沟通方式（therapidgrowthoftheInternetandcheapwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication）、不同地方的商业机构的实时沟通都推动了全球化进程（real-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsthatarequiteindependentoftheirspecificlocations），所以只有选项B没有推动全球化，符合题意。

5.文章第一二段主要讲述了由于留学生的增多，并且这些学生大都会选择回自己的国家，从而导致美国在科学界的领先地位开始动摇，第三段讲述了90年代那种不健康的高涨：很多学校的教师将科学与经济利益挂钩，最后一段提到的全球化的原因跟导致的结果。所以文章主要在论述美国在科学界的领先地位与科学全球化的关系。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Youseethelightning（

）ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.

问题1选项

A.theinstant

B.foraninstant

C.ontheinstant

D.inaninstant

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句。分析“Youseethelightning____ithappens”可知空格处缺少一个连词，结合句意可知选A，theinstant表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，其他选项不能引导时间状语从句。句意：闪电一发生，你就看到了，但随后才听到雷声。

9.单选题

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

问题1选项

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.congesting

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。Modifying“修饰”；duplicating“复制”；accelerating“加速”；congesting“充满”。句意：最近报道的很多案件都是与小孩相关的，他们复制在之前在电视上看到的一些暴力行为。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Sheturneddownthewell-paidjob,（

）notabletopickupherfour-year-oldsonfromkindergarten.

问题1选项

A.tobeconsidered

B.considering

C.beingconsidered

D.havingconsidered

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。从非谓语动词做伴随状语的用法上分析，空格部分要填的动词和主语she存在逻辑上主谓关系，排除A和C选项。选项D是现在分词的完成式，表示动作发生在主语动作之前，不符合语境。故选B为最佳答案。句意为：考虑到没办法接送四岁的儿子上幼儿园，她放弃了报酬丰厚的工作。

11.单选题

Apersonwhois_______typicallyhasanxiousthoughtsanddifficultyconcentrationorremembering.

问题1选项

A.stressed

B.exploited

C.prevented

D.conquered

【答案】A

【解析】stressed紧张的,有压力的;exploited利用,剥削;prevented阻止,避免;conquered战胜,征服。句意：压力大的人通常有焦虑的想法,难以集中注意力或记忆。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

ArewetoleratingmoreDishonesty?Theincome-taxdeadlineapproachesandsometaxpayers’thoughtturntoit.Testtimeapproachesandsomestudents’thoughtsturntoit.Temptationappearsandspousesconsiderit.Nowadays,cheatingisontherise.“Youwantsomethingyoucan’tgetbybehavingwithintherules,andyouwantitbadlyenoughyou’lldoitregardlessofanyguiltordeepregretandyou’rewillingtoruntheriskofbeingcaught.”That’showLaddWheeler,psychologyprofessorattheUniversityofRochesterinNewYork,definescheating.

Cheatingrepresentsthetriumphofthe“BrazenRule”overthe“GoldenRule”,saysTerryPinkard,philosophyprofessoratGeorgetownUniversity.“TheGoldenRulesays,“Dountoothersasyouwouldlikehavethemdoontoyou.TheBrazenRulesays,“Doontoothersastheywoulddoontoyouiftheywereinyourplace.”Manyexpertsbelievecheatingisontherise.“We’reseeingmoreofthekindofpersonwhoregardstheworldasaseriesofthingstobemanipulated.Whethertocheatdependsonwhetherit’sintheperson’sinterest.”Hedoes,however,seelesscheatingamongtheyoungeststudents.

RichardDienstbier,psychologyprofessorattheUniversityofNebraskainLincoln,believesthatsociety’sattitudesaccountformuchoftheriseincheating.Twentyyearsago,ifapersoncheatedincollege,societysaid,“Thatisextremelyserious;youwillbedroppedforasemesterifnotkickedoutpermanently”,hesays.“Nowadays,attheUniversityofNebraska,forexample,itisthestatedpolicyoftheCollegeofArtsandSciencesthatifastudentcheatsonanexam,thestudentmustreceivean‘F’onwhathecheatedon.That’snothing.Ifyou’regoingtofailanyway,whynotcheat?”

Cheatingisunethical,Pinkardsays,whetherit’smassivefraudorfailuretotellastorecashieryouwereundercharged.“You’retreatingotherpeoplemerelyasameansforyourownends.You’reusingpeopleinwaystheywouldnotconsentto.Thecheatersays,“Leteverybodyelsebeartheburden,andI’llreapthebenefits.”

Cheatersusuallytrytojustifytheiractions,saysRobertHogan,chairmanofthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofTulsainOklahoma.“Theyneverthinkit’stheirfault.”Cheatersmakejustificationsbecausetheywanttofeelgoodaboutthemselves,addsWheeler.“Theydon’twanttolabelthemselvesasacheater.Also,theymaybeanticipatingthepossibilityofgettingcaught,sotheyworkontheirexcuseaheadoftime.”Themostcommonjustifications,psychologistssay,include:

“Ihadtodoit.”

“Thetestwasunfair.”

“Everybodydoesit,andIhavetocheattogetwhat’srightfullymine.”

“Thegovernmentwastesthemoneyanyway.”

“Mywife(orhusband)doesn’tunderstandme,andwe’vegrownapart.”

“Cheatingismostlikelyinsituationswherethestakesarehighandthechancesofgettingcaughtarelow”,sayssocialpsychologistLynnKahleoftheUniversityofOregoninEugene.Inhisstudy,agroupoffreshmenwereallowedtogradetheirowntests,whilesecret,pressure-sensitivepaperindicatedwhochangedanswers.Toraisethepressure,studentsweregivenanextremelyhighscoreasthe“average”forthetestandtoldthatthosewhofailedwouldgobeforeaninquiringboardofpsychologists.About46percentofthemalestudentschangedanswers;amongthefemales,about30percentcheated.

Everybodycheatsalittle,somepsychologistssay,whileothersinsistthatmostpeoplearebasicallyhonestandsomewouldn’tcheatunderanycircumstances.

Despitethegeneralriseincheating,Pinkardseessomecauseforhope,“Idofindamongyoungerstudentsamuchlesstolerantattitudetowardcheating.”Perhaps,hesays,theupcominggenerationislessspoiledthanthe“babyboom”studentswhoprecededthem—andthereforelessself-centered.“Thereseemstobeaswingbackintheculture.”

1.Thepurposeofthispassageisto____.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

3.Accordingtothepassage,withwhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorprobablyNOTagree?

4.Whenapersoniscaughtcheating,itismostlikelythathe____.

5.Regardingthefutureofcheating,theauthorseemstobe____.

问题1选项

A.convincethereaderthatcheatingisimmoral

B.discussthevarietiesofandreasonsforcheating

C.describehowcheaterscheat

D.suggesthowtocurtailcheating

问题2选项

A.Itisethicaltocheatunlessmoneyisinvolved.

B.Failuretotellastorecashieryouwereunderchargedisnotconsideredcheating.

C.Therehasbeenageneralriseincheating.

D.Mostcheatersarecollegestudents.

问题3选项

A.Cheatingisoftentheresultofintensepressure.

B.Cheatingischeating,whetheronatestoronincometaxforms.

C.Cheatingiswidespreadandsocietyistootolerant.

D.TheBrazenRuleisabetterrulethantheGoldenRule.

问题4选项

A.pretendstoapologizeforwhathehasdone

B.pretendsthathehasnoknowledgeofwhatisgoingon

C.ascribeshismisconducttosomeexternalmotivation

D.deniesthefactinfearfulanticipationofescapingpunishment

问题5选项

A.depressed

B.optimistic

C.amused

D.bewildered

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Thepurposeofthispassageisto____.本文的目的是____。

A.convincethereaderthatcheatingisimmoralA.让读者相信欺骗是不道德的

B.discussthevarietiesofandreasonsforcheatingB.讨论欺骗的种类和原因

C.describehowcheaterscheatC.描述欺骗者是怎么欺骗别人的

D.suggesthowtocurtailcheatingD.建议如何减少欺骗

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】文章的写作目的，需要从全文内容来推断。本文前两段写的是各种欺骗的现象；后面几段都是在讨论欺骗现象出现的原因。因此，B选项“讨论欺骗的种类和原因”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“让读者相信欺骗是不道德的”，虽然原文第四段第一句提到“欺骗是不道德的（Cheatingisunethical）”，但是证明这一点并不是本文的目的，该选项属于过度推理；

C选项“描述欺骗者是怎么欺骗别人的”，本文的重点并不在介绍欺骗的方式，该选项属于本末倒置；

D选项“建议如何减少欺骗”，本文并未就解决欺骗问题提出建议，该选项属于无中生有。

第2题:【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?根据文章，下列哪一项是正确的？

A.Itisethicaltocheatunlessmoneyisinvolved.A.欺骗是合乎道德的，除非涉及金钱。

B.Failuretotellastor