考研考博-英语-中山职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中山职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.填空题

Trynottousetheairconditioningtoomuch.Themorepoweryouuse,the（

）yourelectricalbillwillbe.

【答案】bigger

【解析】语法题。考查“the+比较级……the+比较级……”的固定句型,，表示“越……就越……”，根据意思“使用的电越多，电费账单就会越大”，故需填入bigger。

2.单选题

TheForeignMinistryholdsweeklypressconferencesto（）reporters（）thelatestdevelopmentindiplomacy.

问题1选项

A.confer...upon

B.burden...with

C.fill...inon

D.adjust...to

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配辨析。fillsB.inon为固定搭配,意为"详细告诉某人"。句意：外交部每周举行新闻发布会,详细向记者介绍外交的最新发展。选项C符合句意。

3.单选题

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformand

function,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers-usingnon-scientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist'smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldthevalvesbeplaced?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking,”nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisitestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Itcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaare（

）

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesthemainpointofthefirstpassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbestserveasanintroductiontothepassage?

5.TheauthorcallsthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecord“paradoxical”(lines22)mostprobablybecause（

）

6.Accordingtothepassagerandomfailuresinautomaticcontrolsystemsare“notmerelytrivialaberrations”(lines32)because（

）

7.Theauthorusestheexampleoftheearlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsprimarilyto（

）

问题1选项

A.identifyingthekindsofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists

B.stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign

C.proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology

D.contrastingthegoalsofengineerswiththoseoftechnologists

问题2选项

A.strengthenedwhentheyincludecourseindesign

B.weakenedbythesubstitutionofphysicalsciencecoursesforcoursesdesignedtodevelopmathematicalskills

C.strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostofthecourses

D.strongdespitetheerrorsthatgraduatesofsuchcurriculahavemadeinthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolsystems

问题3选项

A.Whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthetechnologistwhoisbestequippedtorepairit.

B.Eachcomponentofanautomobile-forexample,theengineorthefueltank-hasashapethathasbeenscientificallydeterminedtobebestsuitedtothatcomponent’sfunction.

C.Thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectitsdesigner’sconceptualizationaswellasthephysicalrequirementsofitssite.

D.Thedesignerofanewrefrigeratorshouldconsiderthedesignsofotherrefrigeratorsbeforedecidingonitsfinalform.

问题4选项

A.Theassumptionthattheknowledgeincorporatedintechnologicaldevelopmentsmustbederivedfromscienceignoresthemanynonscientificdecisionsmadebytechnologists.

B.Analyticalthoughtisnolongeravitalcomponentinthesuccessoftechnologicaldevelopment.

C.Asknowledgeoftechnologyhasincreasedthetendencyhasbeentolosesightoftheimportantroleplayedbyscientificthoughtinmakingdecisionsaboutform,arrangement,andtexture.

D.Amovementinengineeringcollegestowardatechnician’sdegreereflectsademandforgraduateswhohavethenonverbalreasoningabilitythatwasoncecommonamongengineers.

问题5选项

A.thepublicationneededdrawingsthatitsownstaffcouldnotmake.

B.Architecturalschoolsofferedbutdidnotrequireengineeringdesigncoursesfortheirstudents.

C.Engineeringstudentswerenottrainedtomakethetypeofdrawingsneededtorecordthedevelopmentoftheirowndiscipline.

D.Thedrawingsneededweresocomplicatedthatevenstudentsinarchitecturalschoolshaddifficultymakingthem.

问题6选项

A.automaticcontrolsystemsaredesignedbyengineerswhohavelittlepracticalexperienceinthefield.

B.thefailuresarecharacteristicofsystemsdesignedbyengineersrelyingtooheavilyonconceptsinmathematics.

C.thefailuresoccurtoooftentobetakenlightly.

D.designersofautomaticcontrolsystemshavetoolittletrainingintheanalysisofmechanicaldifficulties.

问题7选项

A.weakentheargumentthatmodemengineeringsystemshavemajordefectsbecauseofanabsenceofdesigncoursesinengineeringcurricula.

B.supportthethesisthatthenumberoferrorsinmodemengineeringsystemsislikelytoincrease.

C.illustratetheideathatcoursesindesignarethemosteffectivemeansforreducingthecostofdesigningengineeringsystems.

D.supportthecontentionthatalackofattentiontothenonscientificaspectsofdesignresultsinpoorconceptualizationbyengineers.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据文章第一段:InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.在西方科技的发展过程中，大体上是由非言语思维刻画了我们物质环境的轮廓并充实了其中的细节。该句强调“non-verbalthinking”的重要性。所以B选项‘强调工程设计中非语言思维的重要性‘符合题意。

2.根据题目中的“engineeringcurricula”找到文章的第二段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.因此设计课程应该成为工程课程中的基本成份。“should”是在该句中意思是“应该做”而实际上确“没有做”。所以确定A选项‘强调在设计中包括的课程‘符合题意。

3.根据文章第一段：InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.在西方科技的发展过程中，大体上是由非言语思维刻画了我们物质环境的轮廓并充实了其中的细节。和Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.某一些决定，比如壁厚和销钉直径，可能需要由科学的计算来定夺，但设计中的非科学成分仍然是主要的。由此确定C选项‘吊桥的显著特点反映出设计得的概念化与当地的地理特符合题意。。A选项‘转子发动机这样的机械出现故障时，应当派最好的技术人员去维修‘、B选项’汽车的每个零件，如：发动机，油箱，都是经过科学检测，与各部分零件是完全匹配兼容的‘和D选项’冰箱的新的设计人员在决定最后的方案时，要参考其它冰箱的设计方案‘并没有呈现出非语言思维模式，与题意不符。

4.根据文章第一段：InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.在西方科技的发展过程中，大体上是由非言语思维刻画了我们物质环境的轮廓并充实了其中的细节。Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.某一些决定，比如壁厚和销钉直径，可能需要由科学知计算来定夺，但设计中的非科学成分仍然是主要的。Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.非语言思维，这一工程设计的核心机制，包括了感受这一属于艺术家的而非科学家的惯用手段。确定A选项‘如果假设技术层面的知识来源于科学，就忽略了许多技术人员所做非科学性的决定‘正确。

5.根据文章第二段：ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisitestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.但令人感到自相矛盾的是，当《美国工程历史名录》的工作人员希望得到为其美国工程历史记录而绘制的机器图和等比例图时，唯一具有所需技能的大学生不是工程学大学生，而是就读于建筑学院的大学生。该句强调的是“engineeringstudents”在教育方面的缺陷，所以C选项‘工程学的学生没有接受画图纸的训练，而这一技能是追踪这一学科发展所必需的手段‘正确。

6.根据文章最后一段：Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.比如，装载了精密控制设备的早期高速铁路车辆模型不能在暴风雪中正常运行，原因是一个风扇将雪吸入到电子系统中。Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.干扰着自动控制系统的荒唐的随机故障不是轻微的异常；它们是一种混乱的反映，人们认为这种混乱主要在设计数学方面的问题时就会产生。确定B选项‘失败的原因是设计这一系统的工程师太过于依赖数学概念’正确。

7.根据文章最后一段：Itcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.如果不能开设设计课程（它能在一个高度分析性工程学课程体系中提供解决实际问题的背景知识），我们就会在先进的工程系统中遇到愚蠢而同时会导致极大损失的错误。确定D选项‘对非科学性的设计缺少足够关注，从而导致了工程师们构想能力的下降’符合题意。

4.单选题

Britain’spressisunusual（

）itisdividedintotwoverydifferenttypesofnewspapers:thequalitypressandpopularpress.

问题1选项

A.inhow

B.inthat

C.inwhat

D.inwhich

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。句意：英国的报纸的不同寻常之处在于：它被分为了两个完全不同的部分即高质量的报纸和普通受欢迎的报纸。前后部分是因果关系，inthat在于······故B项符合题意。

5.单选题

Whydoesacompanywantto（1）itsmoneywithotherpeople?Thereareseveralreasons.First,thecompanymay（2）verywell.Itmayneedmoneyto（3）.Bysellingsharesof

（4）,thecompanycangetthemoneyitneeds.Sometimes,itis（5）forthecompanytogopublicfortaxreasons.Becauseofthetax（6）,thecompanymaysavemoneyontaxesbysellingsharesonthestockexchange.Sometimes,acompanymayowealotofmoney（7）

However,thereasonswhycompaniesselltheirstocksonthestockexchangeareoften（8）.Ingeneral,allcompanies（9）sellsharesofstockonthestockexchangeneedto（10）moneyforonereasonoranother.Investors（11）buysharesofstockinacompanymaymakemoneyintwoways.Theymaybegintomakemoney（12）.Supposethatapersoninvestsinacompany,andthecompanymakesmoney.Thecompanysharesthismoneywiththe（13）.Thismoneythatissharediscalleda（14）.Dividendsareusuallysenttoinvestorsonceeverythreemonthswhilethey（15）thestock.Asecondwaythatinvestorsmay（16）istosellthestockatahigherpricethanthey（17）

ofeachshareofstockgoesupifthecompanydoeswell.Itmayalso（19）formanyotherreasons.Butwhenitdoesgoup,apersonmaysellitandmakea（20）.

问题1选项

A.distract

B.permeate

C.share

D.recede

问题2选项

A.havedone

B.bedoing

C.do

D.havebeendoing

问题3选项

A.perplex

B.dominate

C.integrate

D.expand

问题4选项

A.utilities

B.contributions

C.earnings

D.laws

问题5选项

A.to

B.for

C.on

D.from

问题6选项

A.complex

B.essential

C.comprehensive

D.understandable

问题7选项

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.while

问题8选项

A.locate

B.admit

C.proclaim

D.raise

问题9选项

A.stake

B.stock

C.stalk

D.stack

问题10选项

A.potential

B.advantageous

C.sensitive

D.actual

问题11选项

A.who

B.which

C.until

D.if

问题12选项

A.bymistake

B.todate

C.onearth

D.rightaway

问题13选项

A.observer

B.director

C.investor

D.instructor

问题14选项

A.tuition

B.postage

C.tip

D.dividend

问题15选项

A.offer

B.own

C.convince

D.equip

问题16选项

A.sellmoney

B.sharemoney

C.takemoney

D.makemoney

问题17选项

A.confronted

B.extracted

C.spilled

D.paid

问题18选项

A.price

B.investment

C.cost

D.value

问题19选项

A.tightenup

B.stockup

C.goup

D.stirup

问题20选项

A.profit

B.benefit

C.award

D.input

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:A

第9题:B

第10题:D

第11题:A

第12题:D

第13题:C

第14题:D

第15题:B

第16题:D

第17题:D

第18题:A

第19题:C

第20题:A

【解析】（1）distract转移,分心,一般与介词from搭配；permeate渗透；share分享,常与介词with搭配；recede退去,减弱。根据原文：为什么一个公司想要和其他人分享它的资金呢?选项C更符合原文。

（2）may是情态动词,后面接be动词或动词原形。根据后面的well可知,本题还考查doingwell的搭配。选项B正确。

（3）perplex使困惑；dominate控制,支配,占优势；integrate一体化；expand扩张。句意：它可能需要资金来扩张。选项D符合。

（4）sharesofstock股票,股份。为固定搭配。

（5）这里为形式主语的结构。句意：有时,由于税收原因,上市对公司是有利的。

（6）句意：根据税法的规定,公司可以通过在证券交易所出售股票来节省税款。Taxlaws指税收的法律。

（7）考查固定搭配。oweto为固定搭配,指“欠...”，这里指公司可能欠银行很多钱。。

（8）根据下文“foronereasonoranother”这样或者那样的原因,说明公司在证券交易所出售股票的原因往往很复杂。选项A符合原文。

（9）句子结构完整,说明不缺成分,that在这里引导的是同位语从句,不充当任何成分,解释说明company。

（10）根据上文“Bysellingsharesofstock,itmaybeabletopaythebanks.”通过出售股票,它也许能够支付欠银行的钱。所以这里应该是筹集资金。选项D正确。

（11）先行词是investors,表人用who来引导从句。

（12）bymistake错误的；todate迄今为止；onearth究竟,到底；rightaway立刻,马上。根据原文：购买公司股票的投资者可以通过两种方式赚钱。他们可能会马上开始赚钱。选项D符合原文。

（13）根据上文,假设一个人投资了一家公司,这家公司赚了钱,公司应该会与这位投资者分享这笔钱,选项C正确。

（14）tuition学费；postage邮费；tip小费；dividend红利,股息。显然选项D更符合原文。句意：这些被分享的钱叫做红利。

（15）own拥有,持有,这里根据投资者指持有的股票进行分红。

（16）根据上文“Investorswhobuysharesofstockinacompanymaymakemoneyintwoways.”购买公司股票的投资者可以通过两种方式赚钱,前面介绍了一种赚钱方式,这里应该是第二种赚钱的方式。选项D符合原文。

（17）根据原文：投资者可能赚钱的第二种方式是以高于买入时的价格卖出股票。选项D符合原文。

（18）根据原文：如果公司业绩好,每股股票的价格就会上涨。选项A符合原文。

（19）根据上下文均出现了goup可知,此处也应为goup,选项C符合原文,指价格上涨。

（20）makeaprofit为固定搭配,指获利,盈利。句意：当价格上涨时,人们可能会卖掉它并从中获利。

6.单选题

Thedecreaseofhisfeverwasabenignsign.

问题1选项

A.unfavorable

B.favorable

C.harsh

D.unharsh

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项unfavorable“不宜的，令人不快的”，B项favorable“有利的，良好的”，C项harsh“严厉的，严酷的”，D项unharsh“不苛刻的”。句意：他退烧了是一个好兆头。根据句意可知，benign在句中表示“好的”。因此，该题选择B项。

7.单选题

Hisjobatthehospitaldidnotpaymuch,sohefoundanother（）.

问题1选项

A.ontheside

B.onthespot

C.onthedecline

D.ontherise

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项ontheside“另外，作为兼职”；B选项onthespot“立刻，当场，在危险中”；C选项onthedecline“在衰退中”；D选项ontherise“在增加，在上涨”。句意：他在医院的工作报酬不高，所以他另外找了一份工作。选项A符合语境。

8.单选题

Myfriend[A]teachesEnglish,[B]literatureand[C]towriteatthe[D]stateuniversity.

问题1选项

A.teaches

B.literature

C.towrite

D.stateuniversity

【答案】C

【解析】【考查点】搭配。

【解题思路】分析句子可知，English（英语）、literature（文学）和towrite（写作）都是并列的宾语成分，应该统一为名词，所以towrite应该改为writing。

【句意】我的朋友在州立大学教英语、文学和写作。

9.单选题

Inhis1976studyofslaveryintheUnitedStates,HerbertGutman,likeFogel，Engerman,andGenovese,hasrightlystressedtheslaves，achievements.Butunlikethesehistorians,Gutmangivesplantationownerslittlecreditfortheseachievements.Rather,GutmanarguesthatonemustlooktotheBlackfamilyandtheslaves’extendedkinshipsystemtounderstandhowcrucialachievements,suchasthemaintenanceofaculturalheritageandthedevelopmentofacommunalconsciousness,werepossible.Hisfindingscompelattention.

Gutmanrecreatesthefamilyandextendedkinshipstructuremainlythroughaningenioususeofwhatanyhistorianshoulddrawupon,quantifiabledata,derivedinthiscasemostlyfromplantationbirthregisters.Healsousesaccountsofex-slavestoprobethehumanrealitybehindhisstatistics.Thesesourcesindicatethatthetwo-parenthouseholdpredominatedinslavequartersjustasitdidamongfreedslavesafteremancipation.AlthoughGutmanadmitsthatforcedseparationbysalewasfrequent,heshowsthattheslaves’preference,revealedmostclearlyonplantationswheresalewasinfrequent,wasverymuchforstablemonogamy.InlessconclusivefashionFogel,Engerman,andGenovesehadalreadyindicatedthepredominanceoftwo-parenthouseholds;however,onlyGutmanemphasizesthepreferenceforstablemonogamyandpointsoutwhatstablemonogamymeantfortheslaves’culturalheritage.GutmanarguesconvincinglythatthestabilityoftheBlackfamilyencouragedthetransmissionof—andsowascrucialinsustaining—theBlackheritageoffolklore,music,andreligiousexpressionfromonegenerationtoanother,aheritagethatslaveswerecontinuallyfashioningoutoftheirAfricanandAmericanexperiences.

Gutman’sexaminationofotherfacetsofkinshipalsoproducesimportantfindings.Gutmandiscoversthatcousinsrarelymarried,anexogamoustendencythatcontrastedsharplywiththeendogamypracticedbytheplantationowners.Thispreferenceforexogamy,Gutmansuggests,mayhavederivedfromWestAfricanrulesgoverningmarriage,which，thoughtheydifferedfromonetribalgrouptoanother,allinvolvedsomekindofprohibitionagainstunionswithclosekin.Thistabooagainstcousins’marryingisimportant,arguesGutman,becauseitisoneofmanyindicationsofastrongawarenessamongslavesofanextendedkinshipnetwork.Thefactthatdistantlyrelatedkinwouldcareforchildrenseparatedfromtheirfamiliesalsosuggeststhisawareness.Whenbloodrelationshipswerefew,asinnewlycreatedplantationsintheSouthwest,“fictive”kinshiparrangementstooktheirplaceuntilanewpatternofconsanguinitydeveloped.Gutmanpresentsconvincingevidencethatthisextendedkinshipstructure—whichhebelievesdevelopedbythemid-to-lateeighteenthcentury—providedthefoundationsforthestrongcommunalconsciousnessthatexistedamongslaves.

Insum,Gutman’sstudyissignificantbecauseitoffersacloselyreasonedandoriginalexplanationofsomeoftheslaves’achievements，onethatcorrectlyemphasizestheresourcesthatslavesthemselvespossessed.

1.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingtheresourcesthathistoriansoughttousewouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheformationoftheBlackheritageoffolklore,music，andreligiousexpressionisbestsupportedbytheinformationpresentedinthepassage?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthemarriagepracticesofplantationownersduringtheperiodofBlackslaveintheUnitedStatescanmostlogicallybeinferredfromtheinformationinthepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassagebasedonitscontent?

问题1选项

A.Historiansoughttomakeuseofwrittenratherthanoralaccounts.

B.Historiansshouldrelyprimarilyonbirthregisters.

C.Historiansshouldrelyexclusivelyondatathatcanbequantified.

D.Historiansoughttomakeuseofdatathatcanbequantified.

问题2选项

A.Theheritagewasformedprimarilyoutoftheexperiencesofthoseslaveswhoattemptedtopreservethestabilityoftheirfamilies.

B.Theheritagewasnotformedoutoftheexperienceofthoseslaveswhomarriedtheircousins.

C.TheheritagewasformedmoreoutoftheAfricanthanoutoftheAmericanexperiencesofslaves.

D.Theheritagewasnotformedoutoftheexperiencesofonlyasinglegenerationofslaves.

问题3选项

A.Thesepracticesbegantoaltersometimearoundthemid-eighteenthcentury.

B.Thesepracticesvariedmarkedlyfromoneregionofthecountrytoanother.

C.Plantationownersusuallybasedtheirchoiceofmarriagepartnersoneconomicconsiderations.

D.Plantationownersoftenmarriedtheircousins.

问题4选项

A.Theauthorcomparesandcontraststheworkofseveralhistoriansandthendiscussedareasforpossiblenewresearch.

B.Theauthorpresentshisthesis，drawsonworkofseveralhistoriansforevidencetosupporthisthesis,andconcludesbyreiteratinghisthesis.

C.Theauthordescribessomefeaturesofahistoricalstudyandthenusesthosefeaturestoputforthhisownargument.

D.Theauthorpresentsthegeneralargumentofahistoricalstudy，describesthestudyinmoredetail,andconcludeswithabriefjudgmentofthestudy’svalue.

问题5选项

A.TheinfluenceofHerbertGutmanonHistoriansofSlaveryintheUnitedStates.

B.Gutman’sExplanationofHowSlavesCouldMaintainaCulturalHeritageandDevelopaCommunalConsciousness.

C.SlaveryintheUnitedStates:NewControversyAboutanOldSubject.

D.TheBlackHeritageofFolklore,Music,andReligiousExpression:ItsGrowingInfluence.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句,“…throughaningenioususeofwhatanyhistorianshoulddrawupon,quantifiabledata…”，可知Gutman主要通过灵活使用任何历史学家都应该利用的可量化数据重现黑人家庭和扩展的亲属结构。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句，“…theBlackheritageoffolklore,music,andreligiousexpressionfromonegenerationtoanother…”，可知黑人遗产代代相传，如民俗、音乐和宗教，所以这些遗产不是由一代奴隶的经历形成的，是代代相传的。选项D符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第三段第二句，“Gutmandiscoversthatcousinsrarelymarried,anexogamoustendencythatcontrastedsharplywiththeendogamypracticedbytheplantationowners.”，可知Gutman发现，表亲之间很少通婚，这是一种异族通婚的倾向，与种植园主实行的同族通婚形成了鲜明的对比。可推断出农场主是主张同族通婚的。选项D符合题意。选项D符合题意。

4.主旨题。纵观全文，第一段主要介绍了Gutman的主要观点和发现，第二段和第三段详细介绍了他在黑人家庭和扩展以及亲属关系等各方面的研究方法和过程，最后一段作了总结，指出Gutman的研究是意义重大的，因为它对其中一些奴隶的成就提供了一个最严格的推理和原始的解释。选项D符合题意。

5.主旨题。纵观全文，本文主要提到了Gutman提出黑人家族和奴隶的长期血统对维护文化遗产和公共意识的发展带来了成就和贡献。所以本文的话题是黑人奴隶，并且总结表明，他的研究它对其中一些奴隶的成就提供了一个最严格的推理和原始的解释。他的研究解释了奴隶是如何保持文化遗产和发展集体意识的。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Mostpeopletravelinthecourseoftheirworkaregiventraveling（）

问题1选项

A.income

B.allowances

C.wages

D.pay

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。income“收入”；allowance“津贴”；wage“工资”；pay“付款，工资”。句意：大部分在工作过程中旅行的人都会有旅游津贴。选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Afolkcultureisasmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamily,andinterpersonalrelationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperforinagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmade,andasubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericanistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlabor-savingdevicesoftheIndustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut,"humility",clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclassessotypicaloffolkcultures,andthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.

Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.Relationshipstendtobeimpersonal,andapronounceddivisionoflaborexists,leadingtotheestablishmentofmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandamiytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.

Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduce,iseasierortime-savingtouse,orlendsmoreprestigetotheowner.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingistypicaloffolkcultures?

3.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?

4.WhatisthemainsourceoforderinAmishsociety?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAmishbeliefsdoesthepassagesupport?

问题1选项

A.Twodecadesinmodernsociety.

B.Theinfluenceofindustrialtechnology.

C.Thecharacteristicsof“folk”and“popular”societies

D.ThespecializationoflaborinCanadaandtheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.Thereisamoney-basedeconomy

B.Socialchangeoccursslowly

C.Contactwithotherculturesisencouraged.

D.Eachpersondevelopsonespecializedskill.

问题3选项

A.Theyvaluefolkcultures.

B.Theyhavepopularcultures.

C.Theyhavenosocialclasses.

D.Theydonotvalueindividualism.

问题4选项

A.Thegovernment.

B.Theclanstructure.

C.Theeconomy.

D.Thereligion.

问题5选项

A.Variousreligiouspracticesaretolerated.

B.Individualismandcompetitionareimportant.

C.Pre-moderntechnologyispreferred.

D.Peoplearedefinedaccordingtotheirclass.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章主要分为三个部分，第一个部分讲述的是民间文化社会的特点，第二部分讲述的是大众文化社会的特点，第三部分是讲述在工业时代的如今，大众流行文化正在取代民间文化。选项A：二十年的现代社会；选项B:工业技术的影响；选项D：加拿大和美国的劳动专业化，以上选项均与原文不符。选项C:“民俗化”社会与“大众化”社会的特征“为正确选项。

第2题:事实细节题。由题干意思定位到文章第一段中Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.“传统是至高无上的，很少有改变，而且变化很慢。很少有专门的劳动分工。”由此可知选项B“社会变革发生得很慢”与原文相符，为正确选项，而选项A、C、D均与原文表述的意思相反。

第3题:事实细节题。题干意思是关于美国和加拿大，作者暗示了什么?可以定位到文章第—段中UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.“在美国和加拿大等工业化国家，一成不变的民间文化已经不复存在。”可以推断出两个国家的文化均已大众流行化，由此可知B选项“它们有大众流行文化”与原文意思相符，因此B为正确选项。

第4题:事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到第一段最后一句Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.“其宗教，作为Mennonite信仰的一种，提供了维持秩序的主要机制。”由此可知D选项“宗教”为正确选项，选项A、B、C均与题意不符。

第5题:事实细节题。选项A：容忍各种宗教活动。这与文章所表述的阿米什人很少与他们宗派以外的人通婚不符