考研考博-英语-广西艺术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西艺术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

“Veryfewpeopleliketotalkabouthowmuchmoneytheymake—especiallypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,”wroteSalmoninhispostWhySalariesShouldn’tBeSecret,inthewakeofnewsthatrecently—departedNewYorkTimeseditorJillAbramsonhadstartedaskingquestionsaboutthepaydiscrepancybetweenherandherpredecessor.“Sincecompaniestendtoberunbypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,theresultisacultureofsilenceandsecrecywhenitcomestopay.”

Thereareseveralsurprisingreasons.“Secrecysurroundingpayisgenerallyabadideaforanyorganizations,”Salmonwrote.“Foronething,secrecyaboutpayisbadforwomen,whoareworseataskingforraisesthanmenare.Ifmensecretlyaskforraisesandsecretlygetthen,whilewomendon’t,thenthathelpstoexplain,atleastinpart,whymenendupearningmorethanwomen,”Salmonwrote.“Secrecyaroundpayisalsoagreatwaytoallowmanagersto—consciouslyorunconsciously—playfavoriteswiththeirstaff.”

“We’veallworkedincompanies,I’msure,wheretheonlywaytogetasubstantialraiseistoconfrontmanagementwithajobofferfromsomewhereelse,”headded.“That’sclearlyadreadfulwaytorunacompany,sinceitgivesallemployeesahugeincentivetospendalotoftimelookingforworkelsewhere,evenifthey’rehappywheretheyare.”

“Ifyouworkforacompanywhereeverybodyknowswhateverybodyelseisearning,thenit’sgoingtobeveryeasytoseewhat’sgoingon.You’llseewhothestarsare,you’llseewhatkindofskillsandtalentthecompanyrewards,”hewrote.“You’llalsoseewhethermengetpaidmorethanwomen,whethermanagersaregenerallyoverpaid,andwhetherbehaviorlikethreateningtoquitisrewardedwithbigraises.What’smore,becausemanagementknowsthateverybodyelsewillseesuchthings,they’llbemuchlesslikelytodothekindofsecretdealswhicharealltoocommoninmostcompaniestoday.”

1.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.WhatisapossiblereasonwhymenusuallyearnmorethanwomenaccordingtoSalmon?

3.Theitalicizedphrase“playfavoriteswith”mostlikelymeansto______.

4.Anotherbigproblemsecrecyaboutpaymightcauseis______.

5.WhatdoesSalmonsuggestmighthappenifthereisnosecrecyinpay?

问题1选项

A.Salmonisthefirstwriterwhoputforwardthequestionofpaydiscrepancy.

B.JillAbramsonleftNewYorkTimeswhensheknewthatdifferenceinpay.

C.Managersseldomtalkabouttheirpaybecauseitisatraditionnotto.

D.JillAbramsondidn’tgetthesamepaywithsomeonewhodidthesamejob.

问题2选项

A.Menaremorelikelytogetthetrustoftheirboss.

B.Managerstendtothinkmenaremorecapablethanwomen.

C.Menexpectmorepressureonthebossforpayraisethanwomen.

D.Menaremorelikelytomakesecretdealwiththemanageraboutpay.

问题3选项

A.makesecretdealswith

B.treatdifferently

C.showprejudiceagainst

D.cheat

问题4选项

A.employees’lackoffullcommitment

B.lowproductivity

C.unhappyemployees

D.frequentconfrontations

问题5选项

A.Managerswillearnlessthantheydotoday.

B.Employeeswillbemoreskilledthantoday.

C.Itwillbeclearwhotheboss’sfavoriteis.

D.Thecompanywillbecomeafairerplacethantoday.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Sincecompaniestendtoberunbypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,theresultisacultureofsilenceandsecrecywhenitcomestopay.（由于公司往往是由赚大钱的人经营的，其结果是在薪酬方面形成了一种沉默和保密的文化。）”，由此可知C选项“经理们很少谈论他们的薪酬，因为这是一种传统”正确。A选项“萨尔蒙是第一个提出工资差距问题的作家”文中没有说到；B选项“吉尔•艾布拉姆森知道工资的差别后离开了《纽约时报》”文章也没有明确说到这二者有因果关系；D选项“吉尔•艾布拉姆森没有和做同样工作的人得到同样的报酬”说法错误，文中只提到吉尔•艾布拉姆森质疑她和自己前辈的工资差异，并没有说到他们是否是做的同样的工作，因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Foronething,secrecyaboutpayisbadforwomen,whoareworseataskingforraisesthanmenare.Ifmensecretlyaskforraisesandsecretlygetthen,whilewomendon’t,thenthathelpstoexplain,atleastinpart,whymenendupearningmorethanwomen.（一方面，工资保密对女性不利，因为女性比男性更不善于要求加薪。如果男人偷偷地要求加薪，然后偷偷地得到加薪，而女人却没有，那么这就有助于解释，至少在一定程度上，为什么男人最终会比女人挣得多。）”，由此可知D选项“男人更容易和经理就工资问题做秘密交易”正确。A选项“男人更容易得到老板的信任”；B选项“经理们倾向于认为男人比女人更有能力”以及C选项“男性施加给经理的加薪压力比女性更大”文章都没有提及，因此D选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Secrecyaroundpayisalsoagreatwaytoallowmanagersto—consciouslyorunconsciously—playfavoriteswiththeirstaff.（关于薪酬的保密也是一个很好的方法，可以让管理者有意识或无意识地与员工达成某种协议）”以及前文可知A选项“与……做秘密交易”与playfavoritewith意思更接近。B选项“区别对待”；C选项“对……有偏见”；D选项“欺骗”。因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“We’veallworkedincompanies,I’msure,wheretheonlywaytogetasubstantialraiseistoconfrontmanagementwithajobofferfromsomewhereelse,”headded.“That’sclearlyadreadfulwaytorunacompany,sinceitgivesallemployeesahugeincentivetospendalotoftimelookingforworkelsewhere,evenifthey’rehappywheretheyare.”（我敢肯定，我们都在一些公司工作过，要想获得大幅加薪，唯一的办法就是让管理层面对来自其他地方的工作邀请。这显然是一种可怕的管理公司的方式，因为这给了所有员工巨大的动力，让他们花大量时间在别处找工作，即使他们在那里很开心。）”，由此可知薪酬保密导致如果员工想加薪就只有不停地去别处找工作，从而导致员工的心情变差，影响工作效率，C选项“不开心的员工”符合题意。A选项“员工缺乏充分的承诺”；B选项“生产率低”以及D选项“频繁的对抗”文章都没有提及，因此C选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“You’llseewhothestarsare,you’llseewhatkindofskillsandtalentthecompanyrewards,”hewrote.“You’llalsoseewhethermengetpaidmorethanwomen,whethermanagersaregenerallyoverpaid,andwhetherbehaviorlikethreateningtoquitisrewardedwithbigraises.What’smore,becausemanagementknowsthateverybodyelsewillseesuchthings,they’llbemuchlesslikelytodothekindofsecretdealswhicharealltoocommoninmostcompaniestoday.”（你会看到最受老板青睐的是谁，你会看到公司奖励的是什么样的技能和才能。你还将看到，男性的薪酬是否高于女性，管理人员的薪酬是否普遍过高，以及威胁辞职等行为是否会得到大幅加薪的回报。更重要的是，因为管理层知道其他人都会看到这样的事情，所以他们不太可能做今天大多数公司都太常见的秘密交易。）”，由此可知如果薪酬不保密，公司内部的各种规则会更透明化，工资制度相对来说会更公平，D选项“公司将变得比今天更公平”符合题意。A选项“经理们的收入将比现在少”和B选项“员工们的技能会比今天更高”文章中并没有直接体现；C选项“老板最喜欢谁将一目了然”虽然文章有提到，但是不符合题意，因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Ifyouneverreviewyourstagelines,youwillonlyhaveyourselfto（）ifyoufailinyourperformance.

问题1选项

A.complain

B.mistake

C.blame

D.fault

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。toblame意为“该受责备；怪罪；应该负责”。句意“如果你从不复习你的台词，假如在表演时失败了，你只能怪你自己。”选项C符合语境。

3.单选题

Arithmeticistheonefundamentalscience,（）allotherphysicalsciences.

问题1选项

A.undermining

B.undertaking

C.underscoring

D.underlying

【答案】D

【解析】词义辨析题。undermine破坏，毁坏；undertake承担，从事；underscore强调；underlie成为…的基础，位于…之下。句意：算术是一门基础科学，是所有其他物理科学的基础。选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

Thefitnessmovementthatbeganinthelate1960sandearly1970scenteredaroundaerobicexercise.Millionsofindividualsbecameengagedinavarietyofaerobicactivities,andliterallythousandsofhealthspasdevelopedaroundthecountrytocapitalizeonthisemerginginterestinfitness,particularlyaerobicdancingforfemales.Anumberoffitnessspasexistedpriortothisaerobicfitnessmovement,evenanationalchainwithspasinmostmajorcities.However,theirfocuswasnotonaerobics,butratheronweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,strength,andenduranceintheirprimarilymaleenthusiasts.Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyfromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits.Inrecentyears,however,weighttraininghasagainbecomeincreasinglypopularformalesandforfemales.Manycurrentprogramsfocusnotonlyondevelopingmuscularstrengthandendurancebutonaerobicfitnessaswell.

Historically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics.However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell.TheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicinenowrecommendsthatweighttrainingbepartofatotalfitnessprogramforhealthyAmericans.IncreasedparticipationinsuchtrainingisoneofthespecificphysicalactivityandfitnessobjectivesofHealthyPeople2000:NationalHealthPromotionandDiseasePreventionObjectives.

1.Theword"spas"(Line3,Para.1)mostprobablyrefersto（

）.

2.Earlyfitnessspaswereintendedmainlyfor

（

）.

3.Whatwastheattitudeofdoctorstowardsweighttraininginhealthimprovement?

4.Peopleweregivenphysicalfitnesstestsinordertofindout

（

）.

5.Recentstudieshavesuggestedthatweighttraining（

）.

问题1选项

A.sportsactivities

B.placesforphysicalexercise

C.recreationcenters

D.athletictrainingprograms

问题2选项

A.thepromotionofaerobicexercise

B.enduranceandmusculardevelopment

C.theimprovementofwomen'sfigures

D.betterperformanceinaerobicdancing

问题3选项

A.Positive.

B.Indifferent

C.Negative

D.Cautious

问题4选项

A.howwelltheycoulddoinathletics.

B.whattheirhealthconditionwaslike

C.whatkindoffitnesscenterwassuitableforthem

D.whethertheywerefitforaerobicexercise

问题5选项

A.hasbecomeanessentialpartofpeople'slife

B.maywellaffectthehealthofthetrainees

C.willattractmorepeopleinthedaystocome

D.contributestohealthimprovementsaswell

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义题。"spas"所在句为::Millionsofindividualsbecameengagedinavarietyofaerobicactivities,andliterallythousandsofhealthspasdevelopedaroundthecountrytocapitalizeonthisemerginginterestinfitness...(随着上百万人投入到有氧操运动中，数以千计的healthspas在全国内发展开来，企图在这场健身热潮中获利)。因此spas应该指某场所,排除A、D。而文章讨论的主题是健身运动而不是娱乐休闲，故答案选项为B项“健身锻炼场所”。

2.细节事实题。第一段指出:theirfocuswasnotonaerobics,butratheronweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,strength,andenduranceintheirprimarilymaleenthusiasts(他们关注的不是有氧运动，而是旨在培养男性爱好者肌肉质量、力量和耐力的重量训练项目),这里的their指的早期健身场所。因此选B“耐力和肌肉发育”。

3.观点态度题。文章指出:Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyfromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits(这些健身场所井没有从这场热潮中获得很好的经济收益因为医学观点认为，体重训练项目对健康的益处很少（就算有的话）)。由此可见，医学观点（也就是医生的观点）对weighttraining的态度应该是非常消极的，可以选择C。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词physicalfitnesstests定位至最后一段:Historically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics(过去，多数健康测试通常包含肌肉力量和耐力项目，这不是出于对健康的考虑，而是因为这些因素与体育竞技成绩相关),因此选A“了解他们在体育竞技中能获得怎样的成绩”。

5.细节事实题。第二段指出:However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell(然而最近有证据表明，主要用来提升肌肉力量和耐力的训练项目对健康也是有好处的)。因此选D“负重训练对健康也是有好处的”。

5.单选题

Doyouthinkthisjacketandtrouserswill______asuit?

问题1选项

A.passoff

B.passover

C.passup

D.passfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。passoff“停止”；passover“忽略”；passup“升起，拒绝”；passfor“被认为，当作”。句意：你认为这件夹克和裤子可以看作是一套吗？选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Duringthesummervacation,kidsareoftenseenhanging_____inthestreets.

问题1选项

A.about

B.on

C.over

D.out

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析。hangabout徘徊，闲荡；hangon坚持下去，不挂断；hangover挂在...之上；hangout闲逛，鬼混。hangout侧重于跟朋友出去玩；hangabout一般指无所事事，游手好闲。句意：暑假期间，经常看到孩子们在街上闲逛。选项D更符合语境。

7.单选题

By1914,tenoftheWesternstateshadgrantedwomentherighttovote,but（

）.

问题1选项

A.onlyoneintheEast

B.onlyoneeasternstate

C.intheEastonlyonestatedid

D.onlyoneintheEasthad

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法。前后句子的谓语相同，故后半句的谓语部分可省略。句意：到1914年，西部的十个州已经赋予妇女投票权，但是东部只有一个州的妇女有投票权。故A项正确。

8.单选题

Intheworldofbigbusiness;JamesLintonisprecociousintheextreme.Justtwoyearsintothejobofrevivingoneofthemostillustriousnamesinretailfinance,RoCom,hehasfoundhimselfakeyplayer,inoneoftherichestandcertainlymostaudaciousdealsintheindustryPTL’stakeoverofRoCorm.

PTLispaying£25ashareforRoComapproximately40percentmorethanthemarketvalueoftheshares—anditsofferdocumentboastedthat“PTLattachesgreatimportancetokeyemployeeshavingappropriateperformancerelatedremuneration.”Initiallywaryaboutthetakeover,Lintonhasnownegotiatedahands-offagreementwithPTL,whichconfirmsitsintentiontoleavehimverymuchtohisowndevicestocontinuebuildingthebusiness.Allthisandhewillnotturn38foranotherfortnight!

AlthoughLintoniscreditedwithturningRoComaround,thisismoreamatterofworkinprogressthanactualachievement.Yethedoesseemtohaveinstitutedthebiggesttop-levelshake-upinitsnear70-yearhistory,promotedsomebig-hittersamongstkeystaffandtransformedRoCom’swayofdoingbusiness.

Lintonhas,however,warnedthatthetakeoverisbynomeansaguaranteeoffuturesuccess;indeed,deterioratingmarketconditionssuggestthatthewayforwardwillbeanythingbutsmooth.Lintonrecentlyventuredthehypothesisthatbeingshareholderownedhad,inrecentyears,helpedthebusinessfocusandarguedthatthesector’sexperienceofrivaltakeoverswasnotencouraging.Indeed,therecentlyreportedperformanceofrivalorganizationssuchasMaftenLimitedhasnotpromotedtheno-Linton.

ItmayhavebeenhisideasaboutindependencethatmadeLintonaddressRoCom's900staffonthedaythetakeoverwasannounced,ratherthandoinghigh-profilemediainterviewsonwhatwasimmediatelyseenasafantasticdealforshare-holders.Heisacutelyawareoftheneedtonurturehisstaffifthebusinessistosucceed,somethingwhichisnotlostonthem.Thisisnotamanagement-schooldictum.Itisagenuinebeliefthateverymemberofstaffhascontributedtothefirmandenabledittonet£1.9billionfromPTL.OtherCEOssayheisarrogant,butthisprobablyreflectsthefactthatLintonmayfindtalkingtothemdifficult.Heisalsoferociouslyintelligent,and,whileinothersthiscouldappearintimidating,inLintonitawakesfurtheradmirationamongstloyalemployees.Theyclearlydonotfeeltheyhavetogrovelinfrontofthismastermind,andclaimthatalthoughhe’sincrediblydedicatedtohiswork,hehasanaffablemanner.

LintonboaststhatstaffturnoverratesatRoComhaveremainedlowfortheindustry,atabout12percentsincehetookoverasCEOtwoyearsago.“PeoplehavearealaffectionforRoCom,andthatrunsrightthroughtheofficehere.Theyallwantustobenumberone.”hesays.Heisawareofthepossibilitythatthecollegiateethoshehasworkedsohardtocreate,themeritocracyonwhichhethinksmuchofRoCom’ssuccessdepends,couldbedestroyedifPTListooheavy-handed.HewillneedallhisskillstokeepRoComoncourse,particularlywhenattentionhasimmediatelyfocusedonthepossibilitythatSusanMarshall,itsrespectedinvestmentchief,mightbethefirstcasualtyofthetakeover.WhateverthefutureholdsforRoCom,wearecertaintogoonhearingalotmoreofJamesLinton.

1.WhatisPTLdoing,accordingtoparagraph2?

2.WhatdowelearnaboutLinton’sworkatRoCominparagraph3?

3.WhatdoesLintonsayaboutRoCominparagraph4?

4.WhichofthefollowingissaidaboutLinton’smanagementstyle?

5.HowdoesLintonfeelaboutthetakeover,accordingtoparagraph6?

问题1选项

A.AllowingLintontorunRoCominthewayhewishesto

B.PurchasingmajorityoftheRoComsharesonoffer

C.GivingallRoComstaffregularbonusestopromotemotivation

D.DrawingupnewemploymentcontractsforRoComemployees

问题2选项

A.HehasachievedmorethananyoneinRoCom’shistory.

B.HehaswidenedtherangeofRoCom’sbusinessactivities.

C.Hehastakenonanumberofnewemployees.

D.Hehasmadechangestoseniormanagement.

问题3选项

A.Thecompanyislikelytofacedifficulttimes.

B.Thecompanyhaslostanumberofexperiencedstaff.

C.Thecompanyisexpectingtoreportencouragingresultsshortly.

D.Thecompanyneedstochangeitsfocustoremaincompetitive.

问题4选项

A.Heinvolvesothersinthedecision-makingprocess.

B.Hisstafffindhimapproachable.

C.Heexpectshisstafftoworkashardashedoes.

D.HisstylediffersfromthatofotherCEOs.

问题5选项

A.Pleasedthatstaffturnoverfinallystartedtofalltwoyearsago

B.AfraidthathewilllosehisjobtoSusanMarshall

C.Worriedthatthecompanyculturemightchange

D.Happythatemployemployeeshavebeensosupportiveofhiswork

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段倒数第二句提到现在，林顿已经与PTL谈判达成了一项不干涉协议，这证实了PTL打算让林顿根据自己的意愿继续发展业务（Lintonhasnownegotiatedahands-offagreementwithPTL,whichconfirmsitsintentiontoleavehimverymuchtohisowndevicestocontinuebuildingthebusiness），因此选项A符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第三段提到林顿似乎确实实施了公司近70年历史上规模最大的高层人事变动，在关键员工中提拔了一些重量级人物，并改变了RoCom的经营方式Y（ethedoesseemtohaveinstitutedthebiggesttop-levelshake-upinitsnear70-yearhistory,promotedsomebig-hittersamongstkeystaffandtransformedRoCom’swayofdoingbusiness），选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第四段第一句可以知道公司正面临一些问题，处在艰难时期，选项A符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章倒数第二段倒数第一句提到虽然林顿全身心投入工作，但是他依然给人一种和蔼可亲的感觉（theyclearlydonotfeeltheyhavetogrovelinfrontofthismastermind,andclaimthatalthoughhe’sincrediblydedicatedtohiswork,hehasanaffablemanner），选项B符合题意。

5.判断推理题。文章最后一段提到林顿认为如果PTL太过严厉，他努力经营的学员风气就会被摧毁（Heisawareofthepossibilitythatthecollegiateethoshehasworkedsohardtocreate,themeritocracyonwhichhethinksmuchfRoCom’ssuccessdepends,couldbedestroyedifPTListooheavy-handeD.，由此可知他是害怕公司文化会改变，选项C符合题意。

9.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish

科学实验的重要性

现代科学的兴起也许要追溯到罗杰·培根的时代。罗杰·培根是牛津杰出的僧侣和哲学家。他出生于1214年，死于1292年。他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们必须通过对周围事物进行观察和实验来学习科学的人，他自己也有许多卓越的发现。然而，生活在三百多年之后的伽利略（1564-1642），却是好几个伟大人物中最伟大的一个，这些人在意大利、法国、德国和英国开始逐步使人们看到许多重要的真理是可以通过掌握得当的观察去发现的。在伽利略之前，学者们相信大的物体掉到地面比小的物体要快，因为亚里士多德是这样说的。可是伽利略登上比萨斜塔的顶端，让两个体积不相等的铁球同时落地，从而向一些他带去观看实验的朋友们证明，亚里士多德错了。正是伽利略的这种直接到大自然中去通过实验来证明我们的判断和理论的精神，导致了现代科学的伟大发现。

【答案】TheImportanceofScientificExperiments

TheriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsdatebacktothetimeofRogerBacon,theoutstandingmonkandphilosopherofOxford,whowasbornon1241,anddiedon1292.Hewasprobablythemanwhofirstlyproposedthatwemuststudysciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthesurroundingthings,andmademanyremarkablediscoverieshimself.However,Galileo,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmen.Theyshowedpeoplehowmanyimportanttruthscouldbediscoveredbywell-directedobservationinItaly,France,Germany,orEngland.BeforethetimeofGalileo,scholarsbelievedthatlargeobjectsfalltothegroundfasterthansmallones,becauseAristotlesaidso.GoingtothetopoftheLeaningTowerofPisa,Galileoletfalltwounequalironballsatthesametime,andprovedtothosewhomhehadbroughttheretoseehisexperimentthatAristotlewaswrong.ItwasGalileo’sspiritofgoingdirecttoNature,andprovingouropinionsandtheoriesthroughexperiments,thatledtothegreatdiscoveriesofmodernsociety.

10.单选题

WhenIappliedunderEarlyDecisiontotheUniversityofPennsylvaniafouryearsago,Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.TheambitionwastofulfillmylifelongexpectationofattendinganIvyLeagueschool;thefearwasthatwithouttheadvantageofferedbyEarlyDecision,Iwouldn’tmakethecut.APennadmissionsofficertoldmethatthepreviousyeartheyhadaccepted45percentofEarlyDecisionapplicantsandjust29percentoftotalapplicants.Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.AtBrownUniversity,myotherfavorite,applyingearlydidnotconferanyadvantage.WhileBrownwasmyNo.1choice,Pennwasaclosesecond,andIdesperatelywantedtomakesureIgotintooneofthetwo.

IappliedjustbeforetheNov.1deadline,andsixweekslaterIgotmyacceptancepackage.Iwasthrilledandrelieved.Whilemyfriendsspentwintervacationfinishingasmanyas18applicationseach,Irelaxed.OnaschooltriptoFranceoverspringbreak,Idrankwinewhileeveryoneelsestruggledwithinternationalcallingcardstophonehomeandfindoutwherethey’dbeenaccepted.Peoplecriedaboutgettingrejected,orbeganthedifficultandagonizingprocessofchoosingbetweentwoormoreschools.Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.

Pennsentadiscombobulatingarrayofmaterialtoincomingfreshmenoverthesummer.Asthepileofmailmounted,sodidmyconcernsthatIhadmadethewrongchoice.IhadbeentoPennonlyoneday,inOctoberofmysenioryear.IrealizenowIdidnotknownearlyenoughaboutmyselfortheschool.Pickingclasseswasfarmorearcane（错综复杂的）thanIhadexpected（orthanitwouldhavebeenatasmallerschool）.AndwhenIgottothecampus,Ifoundthatfraternities（男生联谊会）andsororities（女生联谊会）wereamorenoticeableandobnoxiouspresencethanthe30percentstudentmembershiphadsuggestedtome.

Itwasn'tlongbeforeIknewPennwasnotrightformeandIlookedintotransferring.Forme,itwasaboutmorethanjustchangingschools.IwantedtohavethetraditionalapplicationexperienceI'dmissedoutonduringmyfirstgo-round.TheonlyschoolonmylistthatallowedtransfersduringthesecondsemesteroffreshmanyearwasWesleyan,soIwaitedoutthewholeyear,andthenappliedtoYale,BrownandWesleyan.IgotintoWesleyan.TheironythatIcouldhavegotteninsooner,withoutgettingrejectedbytheotherschools,wasnotlostonme.ButIknowImadetherightdecision.Irealizedearlydecisionisnotforeveryone.Betterthinkbeforeyouapply.

Tohigh-schoolseniorswhowanttoavoidmakingthesamemistakeIdid,myadviceissimple:don'tapplyunderEarlyDecisionunlessyouareabsolutelysurethattheschoolisyourfirstchoice.And,justasimportant,don’tletyourparentsorcollege-guidancecounselorspersuadeyoutoapplyunderEarlyDecision.Theymayhavetheirownagenda,oratleasttheirownperceptionofwhoyouareandwhatyouwant.AsIdiscovered,noonecanreallyknowwhatyouwantbetterthanyourself,andevenyoumayneedtimetofigureoutwhatthatis.

1.ThemainreasonsfortheauthortoapplyunderEarlyDecisionare（）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthemainadvantageofEarlyDecisionisthat（）

3.Thedescriptionoftheauthor’sfeelingsinParagraph2showsthat（）.

4.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat（）.

5.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems（）.

问题1选项

A.prideandambition

B.dreamandfear

C.easinessandeffort-saving

D.trouble-savingandrelease

问题2选项

A.youcangraduatefromthehighschoolearlier

B.youdon'tworryabouttheresults

C.youneedn'ttaketheentranceexamination

D.you’remorelikelytobeaccepted

问题3选项

A.heissatisfiedwithhischoice

B.therearemanyadvantagesofbeingacceptedearlier

C.lesseffortisneededunderEarlyDecision

D.heishappywithanddoubtsabouthisdecision

问题4选项

A.afillconsiderationisneededbeforeapplying

B.studentsshouldavoidtheshortcut

C.aquickdecisionwilldoyounogood

D.theauthorshouldn'tapplyunderEarlyDecision

问题5选项

A.regretful

B.optimistic

C.gloomy

D.sensitive

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题干询问：作者根据“提前申请”原则申请学校主要是因为什么？根据原文第一段第一句“Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.”可知，我提前申请宾夕法尼亚大学主要是因为有两种强烈的情感驱使我这么做：雄心和恐惧。因此，B项“梦想与恐惧”符合原文表述，故本题正确答案为B选项。

第2题:2.推理判断题。题干询问：从原文可以推断出“提前申请”的主要优势是什么？根据原文第一段第四句“Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.”可知，提前申请政策能大大提高被录取的几率，因此D选项“你更可能被录取”符合原文内容，而其他三项在原文中均未提及，故本题正确答案为D选项。

第3题:3.细节事实题。题干询问：作者在第二段中的情感描述是为了说明什么？首先，作者在第二段第二句讲到“Iwasthrilledandrelieved”，说明作者在得知提前申请通过时，他很兴奋也感到释然”，而根据第二段第六句“Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.”可知，作者在看到其他同学因为申请其他学校或喜或忧的时候，他并没觉得自己提前申请成功是什么高兴的事，而当他看到班上有很多同学考上了布朗大学时，他又想知道如果自己也报考的话，能不能也考得上。由此可见，他对自己提前申请学校产生了怀疑。所以，综合对比四个选项，只有D选项“他对自己的决定既开心又怀疑”最能概述原文信息，故本题正确答案为D选项。

第4题:4.推理判断题。题干询问：我们可以从文中总结出什么内容？原文首先讲述了作者依据“提前申请”政策选择了宾夕法尼亚大学，但在看到别人还在费尽心思通过学校申请时，他又产生了动摇，而在真正进入学校之后他发现自己不适合这所学校，所以最后又费劲转学。作者通过自己的申请经验得出结论：并不是每个人都适合提前申请学校。作者建议高三学生要思考一下自己想要什么，是不是真正适合提前申请学校，同时也不要轻易被他人的思想左右。因此，A选项“在申请之前，需要充分考虑”最符合原文内容表述；B选项“学生应该避免捷径”表述错误，作者只是希望学生们可以多思考一下以免将来后悔自己的决定，并非不能通过这种方式进入大学；C选项“匆忙做决定无益”不可由文章总结得出，作者只是希望学生能从多方面考量之后再提前申请学校；D选项“作者不应该提前申请学校”与原文内容不符，作者只是没有考虑好自己的意向学校，并非不能申请。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。

第5题:5.观点态度题。题干询问：从文中我们可以明白，作者似乎是……。A选项regretful表示“遗憾的，后悔的”；B选项optimistic表示“乐观的”；C选项gloomy表示“忧郁的”；D选项sensitive表示“敏感的”。作者主要通过自己提前申请学校后又对学校不满意进而转学的经验指出，大家在提前申请学校时一定要考虑好自己想要什么，不要轻易受别人影响。由此可见，作者对于自己的这次申请经验比较遗憾，因此本题正确答案为A选项。

11.单选题

Aswelfarereformhas_______millionsofsinglemotherslikePatinointotheworkforcesince1996,questionsaboutitseffectsonfamilieshaveloomedlarge.

问题1选项

A.nudged

B.propelled

C.divested

D.bumped

【答案】B

【解析】nudge轻推,唠叨;propel推进,驱使;divest剥夺;bump碰撞。句意：自1996年以来,福利改革推动了数以百万计的像帕蒂诺这样的单身母亲加入到劳动力大军中,福利改革对家庭影响的问题日益突出。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

Ididn’tknowwheretosendthis______letter.

问题1选项

A.registered

B.maid

C.mail

D.male

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项registered“（信或包裹）挂号的”；B选项maid“女仆”；C选项mail“邮件，信件”；D选项male“男性的”。句意：我不知道该把这封______信寄到哪里。根据语境，这里指的是寄信，横线处修饰letter，A选项registered“（信或包裹）挂号的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich（）thetraffic.

问题1选项

A.setback

B.stoodback

C.heldup

D.keptdown

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。setback“推迟，使受…挫折”；standback“退后，往后站”；holdup“举起，阻拦”；keepdown“控制，镇压”。句意：路上的一个大洞阻碍了交通。C项符合题意。

14.单选题

Lane（

）musicassoonasshelearnedaboutit,asifitwasintendedforher.

问题1选项

A.tookfor

B.tookafter

C.tookto

D.tookon

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。takefor意为“认为，当作”；takeafter意为“长得像，与相像”；taketo意为“喜欢，习惯于，开始从事”；takeon意为“承担，接受”。

句意：莱尼一学习音乐就喜欢上了它，就好像它是为她准备的。

15.不定项选择题

ResearchershavecreatedmalemicewithnotraceofaYchromosome,supposedlythedefininghallmarkofbeingmale.

ReproductivebiologistMonikaWardofUniversityofHawaiiinHonoluluandcolleaguesstartedwithmicethathaveonlyoneXchromosome(andnosecondsexchromosome).Normallythoseanimalswoulddevelopasfemales.ButwhentheresearchersmanipulatedgenesfoundontheXandanotherchromosome,themicebecamemalesthatcouldproduceimmaturesperm.Thoseengineeredmalesfatheredoffspringwithreproductiveassistancefromtheresearchers,whoinjectedtheimmaturespermintoeggs,WardandcolleaguesreportintheJan.29Science.

Theexperimentsdemonstratethatthe