考研考博-英语-四川中医药高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川中医药高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thegrowthstrategyisacorporate-levelstrategythatseekstoincreasetheleveloftheorganization’soperations.Thisincludesincreasingsuchpopularquantitativemeasuresassalesrevenues,numberofemployees,andmarketshare.Growthcanbeachievedthroughdirectexpansion,verticalintegration,horizontalintegration,ordiversification.

Growththroughdirectexpansionisachievedbyinternallyincreasingafirm’ssales,productioncapacity,orworkforce.Nootherfirmsareacquiredormergedwith;instead,thecompanychoosestogrowbyitselfthroughitsownbusinessoperations.Forinstance,McDonald’shaspursuedagrowthstrategybywayofdirectexpansion.Thecompanyhasgrownbyawardingfranchises(经营许可)topeoplewhoarewillingtobetrainedintheMcDonald’swayandbyopeningcompany-ownedoutlets.

Acompanymightalsochoosetogrowbyverticalintegration,whichisanattempttogaincontrolofinput(backwardverticalintegration),output(forwardverticalintegration)orboth.Inbackwardverticalintegration,theorganizationattemptstoagaincontrolofitsinputsbybecomingitsownsupplier.Forinstance,UnitedAirlineshadcreateditsownin-flightfoodservicebusiness.Inforwardverticalintegration,theorganizationgainscontrolofitsoutputs(productsorservices)bybecomingitsowndistributor.Forexample,GatewayComputer’sretailstoresareanexampleoranorganizationcontrollingitsdistribution.

Inhorizontalintegration,acompanygrowsbycombiningwithotherorganizationsinthesameindustry—thatis,combiningoperationswithcompetitors.Forinstance,H,J,Heinz,Inc.,thefood-processingcompany,combinedoperationswithanorganicbabyfoodcompany,Earth’sBest,tohelpitsownHeinzbabyfoodsdivisionbecomemorecompetitive.Becausecombiningwithcompetitorsmightdecreasetheamountofcompetitioninanindustry,theU.S.FederalTradeCommissionassessestheimpactofsuchproposedgrowthactionandmustapproveanyproposedhorizontalintegrationstrategy.Othercountrieshavesimilarrestrictions.

Finally,anorganizationcangrowthroughdiversification,eitherrelatedorunrelated.Relateddiversificationiswhenacompanygrowsbymergingwithoracquiringfirmsindifferentbutrelatedindustries.Forexample,AmericanStandardCos.isinavarietyofbusinessesincludingbathroomfixtures,air-conditioningandheatingunits,plumbingparts,andbrakesfortrucks.Unrelateddiversificationiswhenacompanygrowsbymergingwithoracquiringfirmsindifferentandunrelatedindustries.Forexample,LancasterColonyCorporationmakessaladdressing,carmatsandcandles.Theseindustriesaredifferentandunrelated.

1.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

2.Whatis“directexpansion”？

3.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueof“verticalintegration”?

4.Ifacompanyadoptsthemethodof“horizontalintegration”,itattemptsto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingphrasesisclosestinmeaningtotheword“diversification”？

问题1选项

A.HowMcDonald’shasbecomesuccessful.

B.Howcompanieshavebecomesuccessful.

C.Howcompaniescandeveloptheirbusinesses.

D.Howcompaniescompetewitheachother.

问题2选项

A.Acompanydevelopsitsownbusinessintoabiggerscale.

B.Acompanyacquiresanothercompany.

C.Acompanymergeswithanothercompany.

D.Acompanygrowswithoutincreasingitsworkforce.

问题3选项

A.Acompanyattemptstosupplyitsowninputs.

B.Acompanyattemptstosellitsownproducts.

C.Acompanyattemptstoprovideservice.

D.Acompanyattemptstoenteranotherindustry.

问题4选项

A.acquireaverydifferentcompany

B.acquireasimilarcompany

C.acquireasalescompany

D.acquireadistributioncompany

问题5选项

A.mergingwithoracquiringfirms

B.eitherrelatedorunrelated

C.avarietyofbusinesses

D.acompanygrows

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段，“Thegrowthstrategyisacorporate-levelstrategythatseekstoincreasetheleveloftheorganization’soperations…Growthcanbeachievedthroughdirectexpansion,verticalintegration,horizontalintegration,ordiversification.”，可知本篇文章主要讨论的问题是公司的增长策略，增长可以通过直接扩张、纵向一体化、横向一体化或多样化来实现。下文直接对公司的增长策略进行了展开说明和解释。可判断出本篇文章主要是关于公司怎么发展他们的业务，得到增长的。选项C符合题意。

2.词义理解题。根据文章第二段，“Growththroughdirectexpansionisachievedbyinternallyincreasingafirm’ssales,productioncapacity,orworkforce.”，可知通过直接扩张实现的增长是通过内部增加公司的销售、生产能力或劳动力来实现的。可判断出directexpansion意思是一个公司把自己的业务发展到更大的规模。选项A符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据文章第三段，“theorganizationattemptstoagaincontrolofitsinputsbybecomingitsownsupplier.”，可知公司在垂直整合中试图通过成为自己的供应商来再次控制其投入。选项A正确，可排除。根据文章第三段，“Inforwardverticalintegration,theorganizationgainscontrolofitsoutputs(productsorservices)bybecomingitsowndistributor.”，可知在垂直整合中，公司通过成为自己的分销商来获得对其输出（产品或服务）的控制。可判断出公司在垂直整合中既能够试图自己销售产品，也能自己提供服务。选项B和C正确，可排除。综上所述，选项D符合题意。

4.判断推理题。根据文章第四段，“Inhorizontalintegration,acompanygrowsbycombiningwithotherorganizationsinthesameindustry—thatis,combiningoperationswithcompetitors.”，可知在横向整合中，公司通过与同行业的其他组织（即与竞争对手的业务组合）相互合并来增长。可判断出如果一个公司采用了“横向整合”的方法，它会尝试收购一家同行业的类似的公司。选项B符合题意。

5.词义理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Relateddiversificationiswhenacompanygrowsbymergingwithoracquiringfirmsindifferentbutrelatedindustries….Unrelateddiversificationiswhenacompanygrowsbymergingwithoracquiringfirmsindifferentandunrelatedindustries.”，可知相关多元化是指一个公司通过与其他相关行业的公司合并或收购，来实现增长。不相关多元化是指一个公司通过与其他不同的不相关行业的公司合并或收购，来实现增长。可判断出diversification多元化的意思最接近于拓展更多的行业，开展更多不同的业务。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

ScarJoisnotthefirstAmericantoconveytheimpressionthatyoucangetbyinPariswithoutspeakingFrench;DavidSedarisfoundplentyofmaterialwritingabouthisdreadoflearningFrenchwhenhelivedinParis.Heavoidedthechallengelargelybyhidingawayalldayintheaters,watchingEnglish-languagefilms.DirectorWesAndersonloveshisplaceinParis,butfreelyadmitshedoesn’tspeakthelanguageatleastnotwellenoughtounderstandqueriesatpressconferences.Hence,thequestion:CanyouactuallyliveinPariswithoutspeakingFrench?

AssomeonemarriedtoaFrenchman,withwhomIliveinParisafewmonthsofeveryyear,I’lloffermyquickanswer:Yes.Butifyoucan’treallytalktoParisians,youwillneverhitthebeautiful,thoughtful,gentlesweetsoftspotthatliesbehindtheirFrenchshynessandlackofconfidence—whichpresentsitselfascoldnessorcrankiness.Findingthatsweetspot,viahourschattingwiththemincafesandbars,allowedmetoloveParisiansafteralongperiodoffindingthemcompletelyimpossible.Ifyouaregoingtolearn,theonlywaytogoistotalimmersion.So:

1.TakelessonsorhireatutortositinacafeandspeakFrenchwithyouasoftenasyoucanafford.(Andgiventhenumberofwell-educated,unemployedParisyouthseekingwork,it’snotthatexpensive.)

2.InsistthatyourFrenchfriendsspeakonlyFrenchwithyou.Thisispainfulandwillsendyouhomeattheendofthedaywithanachinghead.Butyou’llalsosoonrealizejusthowdifferenteverydayFrenchisfromthestilted,outdatedFrenchyoulearnedinschool.Onlyveryformalorwrittencasescallforbeginningquestionswith“Est-ceque...”orforusingthenousformforusanymore.AndlestyoutakeoffensewhenaParisianrepliestoyourFrenchwithherEnglish,remember—it’sherchancetoshowoffandpracticeherESL.ParisianswantyoutoknowthattheyarefarmorelikelytospeakgoodEnglishthanFrenchpeopleoutsideofParis,whoseEnglishmasteryembarrassinglyfallsbehindnotjustNorthernEuropebutEasternEurope,andwhoseconfidencelevelsaboutspeakingEnglish,accordingly,arealsolow.

Also,don’ttakeoffenseifsomeoneseemstobealmostdaringyoutospeakFrench.SaysmyfriendCindraFeuer,whohasbeenlivingonandoffinParisfornearlytwoyearswithherFrenchgirlfriend:HerfatherspeaksgoodEnglish,buthealwaystalkstomeinFrench.IthoughtitwasachallengeuntilmygirlfriendtoldmethathewasjustinsecureaboutspeakinglessthanperfectEnglisharoundme.AndthereinliesabigdifferencebetweenParisiansandAmericans,andourschoolingsystems.Wewereschooledandweliveinaculturewhereit’sokaytostumble,totryandfail,tobelessthanperfect.Theold,rote,didactic,shame-basedFrenchschoolingsystemdieshard.FrenchpeopleareoftenafraidtospeakEnglishunlesstheycanfeelassuredit’simpeccable.You,however,shouldcastshameaside.Andifyoudon’thavetimeforatutor,here’saquickguideonhowtofakeit.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,ifonecan’treallytalktoParisians,hewill________.

6.Parisianslikereplyingtoothers’FrenchwiththeirEnglishbecause________.

7.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutParisianswhencomparedwithAmericans?

8.Whatistheauthorgoingtowriteaboutattheendofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.avoidmeetingwithFrenchshynessandlackofconfidence

B.failtogetbyorchatwithParisiansincafesandbars

C.missthechanceofenjoyingtherealcharmofParisians

D.finditanurgentcalltolearnFrenchwell

问题2选项

A.theyareafraidofmakingothersoffended

B.theyfeelinferiortoEuropeansintermsoflanguage

C.theyarehelpfultopeopleoutsideofParis

D.theyfeelproudoftheirabilitytospeakgoodEnglish

问题3选项

A.TheydonotallowthemselvestomakemistakesinspeakingEnglish.

B.TheyfeelassuredaboutstumblingwhenspeakingtoAmericans.

C.TheydonotliketheirschoolingsystemofteachingEnglish.

D.TheyenjoycompetingwithAmericansinspeakingEnglish.

问题4选项

A.SuggestionsonhowtospeakproperFrench.

B.Adviceonhowtocastshameaside.

C.Guidanceforlookingforaqualifiedtutor.

D.ArrangementsforpractisingFrench.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：作者认为，如果一个人不能和巴黎人交流，他将……？根据题干定位到文章第二段第二句话Butifyoucan’treallytalktoParisians,youwillneverhitthebeautiful,thoughtful,gentlesweetsoftspotthatliesbehindtheirFrenchshynessandlackofconfidence—whichpresentsitselfascoldnessorcrankiness.（但是如果你真的不能和巴黎人交谈，你将永不能发现，藏在法国人害羞和缺乏自信——常表现为冷漠和偏执背后的是那些美丽的，体贴的，温和的，甜美的软肋。），可知巴黎人通常表现为冷漠和偏执，只有通过交流，才能发现他们的各种优点。因此，C选项“错失了欣赏巴黎人真正的魅力的机会”，符合题意；A项“不会看到法国人的害羞以及缺乏自信”，与原文相悖，故排除；文章第二段第三句话Findingthatsweetspot,viahourschattingwiththemincafesandbars（最有效的方式就是和他们在咖啡馆或者酒吧聊天），这句话说明了解巴黎人的魅力的方法是通过在咖啡馆和酒吧聊天，而B项“不能和巴黎人在咖啡馆和酒吧聊天”，不是不能和巴黎人交流的后果，而是和巴黎人交流最好的方式，因此B选项不符合题意；D项“发现学好法语是急迫要求”，在文中并没有提及。综上所述，本题正确答案为C选项。

6.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：巴黎人喜欢用英语回应其他法国人是因为……？根据题干定位到文章第四段第五句话AndlestyoutakeoffensewhenaParisianrepliestoyourFrenchwithherEnglish,remember—it’sherchancetoshowoffandpracticeherESL.（当一个巴黎人用英语回答你的法语时，你要记住，这是她炫耀和练习英语的机会），可知D选项“他们对于自己说好英语的能力感到骄傲”，符合题意；根据文章第四段第六句话ParisianswantyoutoknowthattheyarefarmorelikelytospeakgoodEnglishthanFrenchpeopleoutsideofParis...,arealsolow.（巴黎人想让你知道，他们比巴黎以外的法国人更有可能讲一口流利的英语……，他们对说英语也没有什么自信。），可知除巴黎之外其他城市的法国人说英语不如欧洲人而且他们不自信，而B选项“在语言方面，他们觉得自己不如欧洲人”，主语是巴黎人，不符合题意，排除；A选项“他们害怕让其他人感到不舒服”和C选项“他们有助于巴黎之外的人”，在文中均未提及。综上所述，本题正确答案为D选项。

7.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：和美国人相比，作者怎么认为巴黎人？根据题干定位到文章最后一段第五句话Wewereschooledandweliveinaculturewhereit’sokaytostumble,totryandfail,tobelessthanperfect.Theold,rote,didactic,shame-basedFrenchschoolingsystemdieshard.FrenchpeopleareoftenafraidtospeakEnglishunlesstheycanfeelassuredit’simpeccable.（我们受过教育，且我们的文化教会我们摔倒，尝试后失败，不完美都是没关系的。然而老式，生硬，说教，以羞耻为基础的法国学校教育体制很难改变。法国人常害怕说英语，除非他们确认自己不会犯错），可知法国人只有在确定没有错误的前提下，才会说英语，因此A选项“在说英语的时候，他们不允许自己犯错”，符合题意；B选项“当和美国人说英语的时候，对于障碍，他们感到自信”，本句提到美国人说第二母语是不会害怕犯错的，但是法国人相反，因此B选项的描述错误，排除；C项“他们不喜欢学校的英语教学体制”，在文中没有提及，故排除；D项“在说英语方面，他们享受和美国竞争”，文章只提及了美国人和法国人在说非母语时的不同，并没有提到竞争，故D选项排除。综上所述，本题正确答案为A选项。

8.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干：在文章末尾，作者打算写……？最后一段作者提到相比于美国人，法国人说英语时害怕犯错。紧接着最后一句话提到You,however,shouldcastshameaside.Andifyoudon’thavetimeforatutor,here’saquickguideonhowtofakeit.（然而，你应该抛开羞耻。如果你没有时间请家教，这里有一个快速指南教你如何伪装。），可知作者建议我们学习法语时，不应该害羞，害怕犯错，如果没时间上课学习法语，这里有一些建议，因此作者接下来很可能会教授如何说好法语的建议，因此A选项“说好法语的建议”，符合题意；B选项“抛开耻辱的建议”和C选项“寻找合格导师的指导”都是属于文章的过度推断，排除；D选项“练习法语的安排”，作者只会给读者一些建议，而不是安排，故排除。综上所述，本题正确答案为A选项。

3.单选题

Putondarkglassesorthesunwill（

）youandyouwon'tbeabletosee.

问题1选项

A.discern

B.distort

C.dazzle

D.distract

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。discern意为“识别，觉察出，看出”；distort意为“歪曲，扭曲”；dazzle意为“使目眩”；distract意为“使分心”。

句意：戴上墨镜，否则太阳会让你眼花，你会看不见。

4.单选题

Heknowslittleofmathematics,and（

）ofchemistry.

问题1选项

A.evenmore

B.stillless

C.noless

D.stillmore

【答案】B

【解析】考查比较级。even,still修饰表示级，意为“更……”，little的比较级为less，因此选B。

句意：他数学懂得很少，化学懂得更少了。

5.单选题

ByfarthemostimportantUnitedStatesexportproductinthe18and19centurieswascottonfavoredbytheEuropeantextileoverflaxorwoolbecauseitwaseasytoprocessandsofttotouch.Mechanizationofspinningandweavingallowedsignificantcentralizationandexpansioninthetextileindustryduringthisperiodandatthesametimethedemandforcottonincreaseddramatically.AmericanproducerswereabletomeetthisdemandlargelybecauseoftheinventionofthecottonginbyEliWhiteyin1793.CottoncouldbegrownthroughouttheSouth,butseparatingthefiber-orlint--fromtheseedwasalaboriousprocess.Seaislandcottonwasrelativelyeasytoprocessbyhand,becauseitsfiberswerelongandseedswereconcentratedatthebaseoftheflowerbutisdemandedlonggrowingseason,availableonlyalongthenationscasterseacoast.Short-staplecottonrequiredamuchshortergrowingseason,buttheshortnessofthefibersandtheirmixturewithseedsmeantthataworkercouldhand-processonlyaboutonepoundperday.Whitney'sginwasahand-poweredmachinewithrevolvingdrumsandmetalteethtopullcottonfibersawayfromseeds.Usingthegin,aworkercouldproduceupto50poundsoflintaday.Thelaterdevelopmentoflargerginspoweredbyhorses,water,orstream,multipliedproductivityfurther.

TheinteractionofimprovedprocessingandhighdemandledtoarapidspreadofthecultivationofcottonandtoasurgeinproductionItbecamethemainAmericanexportdwarfingallothers.In1802cottoncomposed14percentoftotalAmericanexportsbyvalue.Cottonhada36percentshareby1810andover50percentsharein1830.In1860,61percentofthevalueofAmericanexportswasrepresentedbycotton.

Incontrast,wheatandwheatflourcomposedonly6percentofthevalueofAmericanexportsinthatyear.Clearly,cottonwaskinginthetradeoftheyoungrepublic.ThegrowingmarketforcottonandotherAmericanagriculturalproductsledtoanunprecedentedexpansionofagriculturalsettlement,mostlyintheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStates—westoftheAppalachianMountainsandeastoftheMississippiRiver.

1.Themainpointofthepassageisthatthe18and19centurieswereatimewhen

（）

2.AllofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageasreasonsfortheincreaseddemandforcottonEXCEPT（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,oneadvantageofSeaislandcottonwasits（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutcotton-productionintheUnitedStatesaftertheintroductionofWhitney'scottongin?

5.Accordingtothepassage,theMississippiRiverwas（）.

问题1选项

A.theEuropeantextileindustryincreaseditsdemandforAmericanexportproducts

B.CottonbecamethemostimportantAmericanexportproduct

C.Cottonbecameaprofitablecropbutwasstilltime-consumingtoprocess

D.Mechanizationforspinningandweavingdramaticallychangedthetextileindustry

问题2选项

A.cotton’ssoftness

B.cotton’scaseofprocessing

C.ashortageofflaxandwool

D.thegrowththatoccurredinthetextileindustry

问题3选项

A.abundanceofseeds

B.adaptabilitytodifferentclimates

C.longgrowingseason

D.longfibers

问题4选项

A.MorecottoncomefromSeaInlandcottonplantsthanbefore.

B.Morecottoncamefromshort-staplecottonplantsthanbefore.

C.Mostcottonproducedwassolddomestically.

D.MostcottonproducedwasexportedtoEngland.

问题5选项

A.oneoftheboundariesofaregionwherenewagriculturalsettlementlookplace

B.amajorsourceofwaterforagriculturalcrops

C.theprimaryroutebywhichagriculturalcropsweretransported

D.amainsourceofpowerformostagriculturalmachinery

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:根据第一段的第一句可知欧洲纺织业更倾向于棉花，因为它易于加工，所以首先排除选项C。根据第一段的第二句“Mechanizationofspinning...Americanproducerswereabletomeetthisdemandlargely...”可推断选项B正确。选项A中exportproducts有歧义，因为当时美国出口的主要产品是毛皮，随着欧洲纺织业对棉花的偏爱，所以现在棉花成了美国最主要的出口产品。

第2题:根据第一段内容可知，文中没有信息表明亚麻和羊毛的短缺才导致对棉花需求的增加。其他三项都正确。

第3题:根据关键词“Seaislandcotton”定位到第一段“Seaislandcottonwasrelativelyeasytoprocessbyhand,becauseitsfiberswerelong...”选项D正确。

第4题:根据关键词定位到第一段的后半部分“Whitney'sgin...aworkercouldproduceupto50percentsoflintaday.”引进了Whitney的轧棉机之后，使得短绒棉的生产大大提高，选项B正确。

第5题:根据关键词“MississippiRiver”定位到最后一段的最后一句“Thegrowingmarket...westoftheAppalachianMountainsandeastoftheMississippiRiver.”棉花和其他美国农产品市场的不断增长导致了农业定居点的空前扩张，主要集中在美国东部的一半地区——阿巴拉契亚山脉以西和密西西比河以东。由此推断，密西西比河是新农业所在地区的边界之一。选项A符合原文。

6.不定项选择题

Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks.That,atleast,isthefolkwisdom.Andscience,intheformofbehavioralpsychology,supportsthatwisdom.Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.Onesaysthatsleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.Theothersaysthattheyareactuallyformedduringtheday,butthen“edited”atnight,toflushawaywhatissuperfluous.

Totellthedifference,itisnecessarytolookintothebrainofasleepingperson,andthatishard.Butafteradecadeofpainstakingwork,ateamledbyPierreMaquetatLiegeUniversityinBelgiumhasmanagedtodoit.TheparticularstageofsleepinwhichtheBelgiangroupisinterestedisrapideyemovement(REM)sleep,whenbrainandbodyareactive,heartrateandbloodpressureincrease,theeyesmovebackandforthbehindtheeyelidsasifwatchingamovie,andbrainwavetracesresemblethoseofwakefulness.Itisduringthisperiodofsleepthatpeoplearemostlikelytoreliveeventsofthepreviousdayindreams.

Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPETtostudythebrainsofpeopleastheypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.Thetaskrequiredthemtopressabuttonasfastaspossible,inresponsetoalightcomingoninoneofsixpositions.Astheylearnthowtodothis,theirresponsetimesgotfaster.Whattheydidnotknowwasthattheappearanceofthelightssometimesfollowedapattern-whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthattheylearntfasterwhenthepatternwaspresentthanwhentherewasnot.

Whatismore,thosewithmoretolearn(i.e.,the“grammar”,aswellasthemechanicaltaskofpushingthebutton)havemoreactivebrains.The“editing”theorywouldnotpredictthat,sincethenumberofirrelevantstimuliwouldbethesameineachcase.Andtoeliminateanydoubtsthattheexperimentalsubjectswerelearningasopposedtounlearning,theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep.

Theteam,therefore,concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep,particularlyifthebraindetectsaninherentstructureinthematerialbeinglearnt.Sonow,ontheeveofthatcrucialtest,mathsstudentscansleepsoundlyintheknowledgethatwhattheywillrememberthenextdayarethebasicrulesofalgebraandnottheincoherenttalkfromtheradionextdoor.

6.Researchersinbehavioralpsychologyaredividedwithregardto（）.

7.Asmanifestedintheexperimentalstudy,rapideyemovementischaracterizedby（）.

8.Byreferringtotheartificialgrammar,theauthorintendstoshow（）.

9.Intheirstudy,researchersledbyPierreMaquettookadvantageofthetechniqueof（）.

10.WhatadvicemightMaquetgivetothosewhohaveacrucialtestthenextday?

问题1选项

A.howdreamsaremodifiedintheircourses

B.thedifferencebetweensleepandwakefulness

C.whysleepisofgreatbenefittomemory

D.thefunctionsofagoodnight’ssleep

问题2选项

A.intenselyactivebrainwavetraces

B.subjects’quickerresponsetimes

C.complicatedmemorypatterns

D.revivalofeventsinthepreviousday

问题3选项

A.itssignificanceinthestudy

B.aninherentpatternbeinglearnt

C.itsresemblancetothelights

D.theimportanceofanight’ssleep

问题4选项

A.exposingalong-heldfolkwisdom

B.clarifyingthepredictionsondreams

C.makingcontrastsandcomparisons

D.correlatingeffectswiththeircauses

问题5选项

A.Memorizinggrammarwithgreatefforts.

B.Studytextbookswithcloseattention.

C.Havetheirbrainimagesrecorded.

D.Enjoytheirsleepatnightsoundly.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】6.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。文中第一段Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.（但是这样的行为研究并不能区分为什么睡眠对记忆力有好处的两种相互矛盾的理论），所以他们对为什么睡眠对记忆力有好处持有不同的观点，故应选C选项“为什么睡眠对记忆力很有好处”。A选项“梦是如何在课程中被修改的”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“睡眠和清醒的区别”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“一个好觉的作用”，过于片面，可排除。因此C选项正确。

7.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段中指出“…whenbrainandbodyareactive”，大脑积极运转是眼珠快速转动的主要特征，且在第三、四段又再次说明。选项B“被研究者更快的反应速度”，选项C“复杂的记忆模式”和选项D“前一天事件的重现”都不是眼球快速运动的主要特征。故应选A“强烈活跃的脑电波痕迹”。因此A选项正确。

8.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。原文的第三段最后Whattheydidnotknow…followedapattern-whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthat…说明了这种内在模式，也就是“artificialgrantor”对于记忆的重要性。因此A选项正确。

9.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。这个题考查的是对后面几段的归纳。首先在第三段开始Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPET…theypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.这是一种对比性的研究方法。后来的第四段最后…theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep也采用了对比的分析研究，故应选C“对比与比较”。因此C选项正确。

10.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。这是一个通篇的中心归纳的考查题。文章一开始就指出Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks.意思是在晚上好好的睡觉对记忆是有好处的。最后作者又归纳了研究的结果，“…concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep…”也说明结构性知识在REM睡眠中是可以巩固的。故应选D。

7.单选题

AlltheproductsmadeinChinaaresoldanddistributedin（）withtheU.S.ExportAdministrationRegulationsandalsolocalcountryrules.

问题1选项

A.compliance

B.prosperity

C.merchandise

D.intersection

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。incompliancewith为固定搭配，意为“依从，按照”。

8.单选题

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestlingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower:norisPicasso’spainting“Guernica”primarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthegreatworksofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven’smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven（）.

3.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataare（）.

4.ThepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringallofthefollowingquestionsEXCEPT（）.

5.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitiestranscendlimitswith（）.

问题1选项

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular

D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity

问题2选项

A.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits

B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventivestrategy

C.embellishedandinterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim

D.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninahighlyinnovativefashion

问题3选项

A.unjustifiablyignoredbymusicologists

B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalueeventhoughtheyareimportantinthehistoryofmusic

C.amongthoseworksinwhichpopularhisto