考研考博-英语-成都中医药大学考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-成都中医药大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

在所有的节日中，春节对于我们中国人来说是最重要的。

阴历年到来的前几天，我们便把房子打扫得干干净净并装饰一新。老人们说必须干干净净过春节，这样来年才会幸福，交好运。

除夕全家欢聚一堂共进晚餐，春节庆祝活动便以此作为开始。人们不论离家多远，都总是想方设法及时赶回家去分享这顿持续几个小时的丰盛晚餐。

【答案】Ofallthefestivals,theSpringFestivalisthemostimportantforourChinesepeople.

SeveraldaysbeforetheLunarNewYear,wehaveourhousesweptanddecorated.TheeldersaythatcleannessmustbethenecessityfortheSpringFestivalandwewillbehappyandhaveagoodluckinthecomingyearbykeepingcleanness.

OnNewYear'sEve,allfamilymembersmerrilygathertogethertohaveafamilyreuniondinner,fromwhichtheactivitiesofcelebratingtheSpringFestivalstart.Nomatterhowfarawayfromhometown,peoplealwaysmanagetogetbackhomeintimeforsharingthisbigdinnerwhichoftenlastsforseveralhours.

2.翻译题

1.从科学和艺术的区别看,管理应该更像艺术。管理心理学者发现,一个人的管理能力同他年轻时负面的生活经历有正相关。正是根据上述对管理的认识,可以得出这样的结论,MBA的文凭不是管理者的执业证书,拿到MBA证书的人必须与学工程、法律、电脑的人,以及第一线的工段长们竞争管理者的职位。

2.按时喝一杯香味浓郁的热咖啡会帮助女性变得更勇敢,聪明,做出更自信的决定,重要的是会胜过男同事,来自英国的心理生理学家证实,咖啡对女性和男性在压力状况下的作用是完全不同的。喝了咖啡的男人出汗,争吵,把工作一个接一个搞砸。但是喝了咖啡的女人却神采奕奕地从这些困境中解脱出来。

3.此时工作人员必须做好三件事情。首先,确认反应堆里的燃料依然处于冷却状态,以防止燃料进一步受损。保持燃料冷却需要随时将其置于水中。第二是反应堆系统压力要在警戒线以下。第三,由于反应器内部的蒸汽会和燃料包壳发生反应,产生氢气,所以要确保疏通氢气,以免氢气聚集引发再发爆炸。

ChooseONLYONEtextformthefollowingandtranslateitintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovidedifmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】1.Intermsofthedifferencesbetweenscienceandart,managementshouldbemorelikeanart.Themanagementpsychologistsdiscoverthataperson’smanagementcapacityhasapositiverelationshipwithhisnegativelifeexperienceofyouthtime.Accordingtotheacknowledgmentofmanagementabove,wecandrawaconclusionthatadiplomaofMBAisnotthepracticingcertificateofamanager,andpeoplewhoobtainthecertificateofMBAmustcompeteforthemanagerialpositionswithengineers,lawyers,computertechniciansandfront-linesectionchiefs.

2.Drinkingacupoffragranthotcoffeeregularlycanhelpfemalestobecomebraver,smarter,andmakemoreconfidentdecisions.Thekeypointisthatitcanhelpfemalestosurpassmalecolleagues.Britishphysiologicalpsychologistconfirmthatcoffeehascompletelydifferentaffectsonwomenandmenunderpressure.Menwhodrinkcoffeesweat,argueandmessupjobsoneafteranotherwhilewomencangetoutofdilemmaswitharadiantlook.

3.Theoperatorsmustdothreethingswellatthispoint.First,makesurethatthefuelinthereactorremainscooltopreventanyfurtherdamagetothefuel.Andthatrequiresplacingthefuelinwateratalltimes.Thesecondthingtheyhavetodoistoensurethatpressureofthereactorsystemshouldbebelowtheriskinglevels.Thethirdthingtheyhavetodoistoensurethatthehydrogen,whichwillbeproducedbecauseofthereactionsbetweenthesteaminthereactorandthefuelcladding,doesn’taccumulatetoavoidanotherexplosion.

3.单选题

Thedoghas（）itsaffectiontoitsnewmasterinChina’sindustries.

问题1选项

A.transferred

B.transformed

C.transported

D.transmitted

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项transferredv.转移，转让，调动；B选项transformedv.转化，变换；C选项transportedv.运输，搬运；D选项transmittedv.传输，传送，遗传。根据动词宾语itsaffection可知，A项符合语义和搭配。因此，A项为正确选项。句意：小狗己经将自己的情感转移给了它的新主人。

4.单选题

1.Gettingtoolittlesleepforseveralnightsinarowdisruptshundredsofgenesthatareessentialforgoodhealth,includingthoselinkedtostressandfightingdisease.Testsonpeoplewhosleptlessthansixhoursanightforaweekrevealedsubstantialchangesintheactivityofgenesthatgoverntheimmunesystem,metabolism,sleepandwakecycles,andthebody’sresponsetostress,suggestingthatpoorsleepcouldhaveabroadimpactonlong¬termwellbeing.

2.Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,mayshedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.’’Thesurpriseforuswasthatarelativelymodestdifferenceinsleepdurationleadstothesekindsofchanges,"saidProfessorDijk,directoroftheSurreySleepResearchCentreatSurreyUniversity,wholedthestudy.“It’sanindicationthatsleepdisruptionorsleeprestrictionisdoingmorethanjustmakingpeopletired.”

3.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.InonesurveyofworkersinBritainmorethan5%claimedtosleepnomorethanfivehoursanight.AnothersurveypublishedintheUSin2010foundthatnearly30%ofpeopleclaimedtosleepnomorethansixhoursanight.

4.ProfessorDijk’steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years,toliveunderlaboratoryconditionsatthesleepcentrefor12days.Eachvolunteervisitedthecentreontwoseparateoccasions.Duringonevisit,theyspent10hoursanightinbedforaweek.Intheother,theywereallowedonlysixhoursinbedanight.Attheendofeachweek,theywerekeptawakeforadayandnight,oraround39to41hours.UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight,whilethoselimitedtosixhoursinbedeachnightgotonaverage5hoursand42minutesofsleep.

5.Thetimespentasleephadahugeeffectontheactivityofgenes,pickedupfrombloodtestsonthevolunteers,accordingtoareportintheUSjournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Amongthesleep-deprived,theactivityof444geneswassuppressed,while267genesweremoreactivethaninthosewhosleptforalongertime.

6.Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,whiledisruptionofothergenes,suchasthosethatgovernthebody’sinflammatoryresponse,mighthaveanimpactonheartdisease.Additionalgenesthatwereaffectedhavebeenlinkedtostressandaging.Sleeplossalsohadadramaticeffectongenesthatgovernthebody'sbiologicalclock,suggestingthatpoorsleepmighttriggeraviciouscycleofworseningsleepdisruption.Thetestsshowedthatpeoplewhosleptfor8.5hoursanighthadaround1,855geneswhoseactivityroseandfellovera24-hourcycle.Butinthesleep-deprived,nearly400ofthesestoppedcyclingcompletely.Theremainderroseandfellinkeepingwiththebiologicalclock,butoveramuchsmallerrange."Thereisafeedbacklinkbetweenwhatyoudotoyoursleepandhowthataffectsyourcircadianclock.Thatwillbeveryimportantinfutureinvestigations,”saidDijk.

7.Theresearchersdidnotcheckhowlongittookforgenestoreturntotheirnormallevelsofactivityinthesleep-deprivedvolunteers,buttheyhopetodosoinlaterstudies.Thoughscoresofgenesweredisruptedinthesleep-deprived,thescientistscannotsaywhetherthosechangesareaharmlessshorttermresponsetopoorsleep,asignofthebodyadaptingtosleep-deprivation,orarepotentiallyharmfultohealth.

8.JamesHome,professorofpsychophysiologyatLoughboroughUniversity’sSleepResearchCentre,said:"Thepotentialperilsof’sleepdebt’intoday'ssocietyandtheneedforeighthoursofsleepanightareoftenoverplayedandcancauseundueworry.Althoughthisimportantstudyseemstosupportthisconcern,theparticipantshadtheirsleepsuddenlyrestrictedtoanunusuallylowlevel,whichmusthavebeensomewhatstressfulWe

mustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep.Besides,sleepcanadapttosomechange,andshouldalsobejudgedonitsquality,notsimplyonitstotalamount.”

1.BasedonwhatisreportedintextA,Prof.Dijkseemstohavechosenthevolunteersforhissleepexperiments（

）.

2.TheresearchdescribedintextA（

）.

3.Theuseoftheverbtoclaiminparagraph3indicatesthattheresearchers（

）.

4.WhenthesleepresearcherswhoseworkisthefocusoftextAneededtofindouthowmuchsleeptheirhumanexperimentalsubjectsweregetting,they（

）.

5.AccordingtotextA,DrDijk'sresearchindicatesthatobesity（

）.

6.Prof.Home’sremarks(paragraph8)（

）.

问题1选项

A.primarilyfromamonguniversityundergraduateswithagreatdealoffreetime.

B.fromanagegroupinwhichphysicalgrowthhadendedandmajorundetectedhealthproblemswereunlikelytobepresent.

C.fromarandomassortmentofBritishpeople.

D.fromamongthepeoplemostlikelytosufferfrominterruptedsleeporothersleepingproblems.

问题2选项

A.usefullyconfirmstheworkofearlierresearchersbutofferslittlethatisnew.

B.offersbiologicalclarificationofresearchdoneearlier.

C.contradictstheresultsofearlierresearch.

D.ispioneeringworkofakindneverdonebefore.

问题3选项

A.aresurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

B.havenoreasonnottobelievethatthesleepdataarecorrect.

C.thinkthatthereislittlereasontoacceptthesleepdata.

D.cannotbeabsolutelysurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

问题4选项

A.usedtechnicalmeanstoworkouthowmuchthevolunteershadreallyslept.

B.watchedthesleepingvolunteersinthelabtoseehowlongtheyslept.

C.estimatedthefiguresbyaveragingsleepdataarrivedatbyvariousmeans.

D.reliedonstatementsmadebythevolunteersusedintheexperiments.

问题5选项

A.isthedirectresultofgettingtoolittlesleep.

B.maybethedirectresultofnotgettingenoughsleep.

C.mayresultfromorbeworsenedbyalterationsinthegenesofpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.

D.cannotbeshowntohaveanyreasonabledirectorindirectconnectionwithsleepingpatterns.

问题6选项

A.cautionreadersnottoconcludetoomuchfromProf.Dijk’sfindings

B.emphasizetheimportanceforallhumanbeingsofgetting8hoursofsleepnightly

C.warnthatdangerousstressistheinevitableresultofgettingtoolittlesleep

D.underlinetheimportanceandvalueofProf.Dijk'sresearch

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干意思“基于文章A中的陈述，教授Dijk为自己的睡眠实验选择的自愿者似乎…”定位至第四段“ProfessorDijk'steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years...教授Dijk的团队要求身体都健康且年龄介于23至31岁的14位男人和12位女人……”,由此可知知B项“来自身体发育已停止且不太可能有主要的未被发现的健康问题的年龄群体”正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段中“Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,may

shedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.这些对超过700个基因有影响的变化可能让人明白睡觉过少的人患上如心脏病、糖尿病、肥胖、压力和抑郁等疾病风险增加的生物学机制。”及第三段中“Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.先前的研究显示，每晚睡眠少于5小时的人相比睡好觉的同龄人死于各种原因的风险增加了15%。”的对应关系知B项“为早些时候的研究提供了生物学上的阐明”正确。

3.词义题。claim本意指“要求；声称”及它在第三段的主语分别是“英国工人”和“在美国接受调研的人”,由此推测claim这个词的使用表明研究者对睡眠对声称的睡眠数据不能确定，由此知D项“不能完全确定这些睡眠数据是精确的”正确。

4.细节事实题。第四段指出:UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight，...(通过使用脑电图传感器，科学家发现每晚睡觉十个小时的人每晚大约睡觉8.5个小时。由此可知A项“用技术方式去算出志愿者们真正睡眠时间是多久”正确。

5.C细节事实题。第二段的第一句指出:这些对超过700个基因有影响的变化可能让人明白睡觉过少的人患上如心脏病、糖尿病、肥胖、压力和抑郁等疾病风险增加的生物学机制。第六段:Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,...控制新陈代谢的基因发生的变化可能会引发或加剧如糖尿病或肥胖等情况……,可知c项“可能被睡觉很少的人的基因变化引起或恶化”正确。

6.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第八段:Wemustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep(我们必须小心避免去推广这些发现，如不能将这些发现推广到习惯六小时睡眠而对自己睡眠满意人身上),可知A项“告诫读者不要从教授Dijk的发现上推断太多”正确。

5.翻译题

赢家不会让他们的生命局限在自己“理当”成为何种人的观念中。事实上，他们顺应天性行事。所以，他们不会费尽心思地装模作样，故作姿态、玩弄他人。他们十分清楚爱与装爱，傻与装傻，真才实学与故作高深之间的差别。赢家没有必要藏在面具后面掩饰自己。

赢家不害怕独立思考和运用自身的知识，他们既懂得辨别事实与想法，又不会装作通晓一切。他们倾听他人的意见，衡量他人的言论，最后得出自己的判断。尽管赢家懂得尊重和敬佩他人，却不会彻底为他人所限制、摧垮、束缚或吓倒。

【答案】Winnersdonotdedicatetheirlivestoaconceptofwhattheyimaginetheyshouldbe.Infact,theyarethemselvesandassuchdonotusetheirenergyputtingonaperformance,maintainingpretense,andmanipulatingothers.Theyareawarethatthereisadifferencebetweenbeinglovingandactingloving,betweenbeingstupidandactingstupid,betweenbeingknowledgeableandactingknowledgeable.Winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.

Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers;evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.

6.单选题

Oftenbebeforecomputer,theeyeisabit（

）urticantabitbetterwiththesortofeye-drop,stimulationissmall.

问题1选项

A.ache

B.fever

C.acerbity

D.sore

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。ache疼痛；fever发烧；acerbity酸，涩；sore溃疡，痛处。句意：经常在电脑前，眼睛有点痒，有点涩，用那种眼药水比较好，刺激小。C项符合句意。

7.单选题

Themachinemightworkifwe（）itverycarefully.

问题1选项

A.obtain

B.operate

C.oppose

D.object

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果我们非常小心地操作这台机器,那么它可能会运转。

考查动词辨析。obtain(尤指经努力)获得,赢得,存在;operate运转,工作,操作,控制,使运行;oppose反对,对抗;object反对,拒绝。空格处动词的宾语为it,即指代前面的machine(机器),因此B符合句意。

8.单选题

Thegovernmenthasabigroletoplayincreatinglawsthatprotectsearth’snaturalwaterresourcesfromtotaldestructionand（

）informationtothepublicwithwaysandmeanstoconservewater.

问题1选项

A.dispersing

B.annotating

C.announcing

D.disseminating

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。disperse意为“（使）分散，驱散”；annotate意为“注解，注释”；announce意为“宣布，宣告”；disseminate意为“散布，传播”。

句意：政府在制定保护地球自然水资源免遭全面破坏的法律方面发挥着重要作用，通过各种方法向公众宣传信息提倡节约用水。

9.单选题

Anexistingworkagreement______onAugust14andnegotiationsforanewonehavebrokendown.

问题1选项

A.expires

B.exceeds

C.terminates

D.ceases

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项expire“到期，期满”，一般指因到期而失效；B项exceed“超过，胜过”，C项terminate“结束，终止”，一般指终止某件事情，相当于end；如：Theagreementwasterminatedimmediately.（那项协议立即被终止了）。D项cease“停止，终了”，指停止某件事情，相当于stop，如：Heorderedhismentoceasefire.（他命令手下停止射击）。根据句子中表示日期的关键词August14（8月14日）可知，A项符合句意。句意：现有的工作协议将于8月14日到期，新协议的谈判已经破裂。因此，该题选择A项正确。

10.单选题

Thepeoplewereannoyedbythe（）supplyofelectricityandwaterinsummer.

问题1选项

A.insufficient

B.integral

C.inferior

D.indispensable

【答案】A

【解析】词义辨析题。insufficient不足的；integral完整的；inferior等级低的；indispensable不重要的。句意：人们对夏天水电供应不足感到烦恼。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

Fortensofthousandsofprofoundlydeafadultsandchildrenworldwide,cochleaimplantshaveprovidedausefulsubstitutefornaturalhearing.Thesedeviceselectricallystimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlea,enablingmanyuserstocarryonaconversationwithoutvisualcues,suchasoverthetelephone.Butforthepatientswhosenerveendingshavedegeneratedorwhoseauditorynerveshavebeendestroyed,theonlyhopeforrestoringhearingistoaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.

AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.Likeacochleaimplant,itconsistsofanexternalspeechprocessorandareceiverimplantedunderthescalp.Butthewiresfromthereceiverbypassthecochleaandinsteadtravelallthewaytothebrainstem.Theyendinanarrayofsixiridiummicroelectrodesthatpenetratetheventralcochleanucleus,oneoftheauditorycentersthatnormallyreceiveinputfromthecochlea.TheimplantisnotmeanttoenableMcCerry’scattohear,itsnaturalhearingisinfactstillintact.RatherMcCreeyrecordstheneuralsignalstheimplantproducesandfindsthatthesignalsconveythefrequencycodedinformationappropriateforthecomprehensionofspeech.

Initscurrentformthebrainstemimplantfeaturesanarrayofeightflatelectricalcontactsthataresimplyplacedagainstthesurfaceofthebrainstemneartheventralcochleanucleus.Therecipientsofthesedevices—about150peopleglobally—getenoughauditoryinformationtoimprovetheirlip-readingskillsandtoperceiveenvironmentalsounds,buttheyrarelyattaingoodspeechcomprehensionintheabsenceofvisualcues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.What’sthegoalofCaliforniaresearchersmentionedinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhydoesDouglasMcCreeryshowoffacat?

问题1选项

A.Cochleaimplants.

B.Reasonsofdeaf

C.Anewauditoryremedy.

D.Structureoftheauditorysystem.

问题2选项

A.Tofindanewmethodofcochlearimplant.

B.Tostimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlear.

C.Tostudycat’scochlea.

D.Toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.

问题3选项

A.Toadvocatepeopletoprotectanimals.

B.Tocurethecat'shearingloss.

C.Tocarryoutcochlearimplantonthecat.

D.Togiveadisplayofthenewdevice

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，开头提到了耳蜗植入装置使许多使用者能够在没有视觉提示的情况下进行交谈，但对于神经末梢退化或听觉神经受损的患者却没用。因此加州的研究人员正在研究一种可以直接插入大脑的植入式耳蜗。接下来的内容则是具体的这项新的研究，所以选项C“一种新的听觉疗法”最能概括全文。

2.判断推理题。根据第一段最后一句“NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.现在，加州的研究人员正准备这样做，这是一种可以直接插入大脑的植入式耳蜗。”原文中的“that”即上文提到的“toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.进入听觉系统的后期。”所以选项D正确。

3.判断推理题。根据第二段第一句“AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.加州神经生理学家DouglasMcCreey展示了一只已经在使用这种新设备的猫。”由此可知，DouglasMcCreery实际上是在展示新的设备，所以选项D正确。

12.翻译题

Putthefollowing3ChinesesentencesintoEnglishand3EnglishsentencesintoChinese.

没有永远的优点，也没有永远的缺点。这篇文章告诉我们，对待优点和缺点应当采取客观的态度。具体地说，盲目地崇拜他人的优点必定会伤害我们的自信，而完全忽略自身缺点则会导致自负。总而言之，两种极端都会使我们失去充分发挥自身优势的机会。因此，我们需要找到合适的方法释放自己的优势，并且把暂吋的缺点转化成优点。

数字表明自我雇佣的英国人大多为男性，工作的吋间比全职工作的员工长而且赚得少。事实上，2007至2016期间，自我雇佣者的实际薪水要比受雇佣员工下降得更快。这或许能解释为何英国近几年的生产率提高速度如同蜗牛爬行。

对于以音乐为爱好的研究者来说，音乐有助于他们的研究。把他们的头脑从实验的结构严密性以及数据的乏味中解脱出来，使之徜徉在韵律与节奏的世界里会帮助他发挥科学创造性。一位研宄者发现，令人满意的表演持续几天甚至仅几个小吋之后，常给他开展研究的灵感。

USmilitaryhasbegundeployingamissiledefensesysteminSouthKorea.TheTHAADsystemisdesignedtoshootdownincomingmissiles.Chinasaysitwilltakeunspecifiedmeasuresagainstit.AndmanyKoreanandChineseareirritatedandtheyhavebeenprotestingagainstSouthKorea'sirresponsibleactionofthisdeployment.

Insomecases,alongerresumemightbeinorder.Forexample,graphicdesignersorvisualartistsmightbenefitfromcreatinganillustratedresume,andacademics,researchers,orlong-timeexecutivesmayneedmorethanonepagetocapturethebreadthoftheirexperience.Butingeneral,it'sbesttoavoidoverburdeningbusyrecruiterswitharesumethatdragsonandon.

Chinaiscomingupwithfinancialincentivestoencouragecouplestohaveasecondchild,assurveysshowmanyarereluctanttoexpandtheirfamiliesduetoeconomicconstraints.AnofficeroftheNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommissionrevealedthepotentialmoveatasocialwelfareconference."TohaveasecondchildistherightofeachfamilyinChina,butaffordabilityhasbecomeabottleneckthatunderminethedecision,"hesaid.

【答案】Therearenopermanentmeritsordefects.Thisarticletellsusthatweshouldtreatthesemeritsanddefectsobjectively.Specifically,itwouldhurtourself-confidencetoadmireother’smeritsblindly,whilecompletelyignoringourownshortcomingswillleadtoself-esteem.Inshort,wewouldloseouropportunitiestogivefullplaytoouradvantagesbecauseoftheseextremes.Therefore,weneedtofindappropriatewaystoreleaseouradvantagesandturnthetemporarydefectsintodefects.

Thefiguresshowthatmostself-employedBritonsaremen.Theself-employedworklongerhoursandearnlessthanthefull-timeemployees.Actually,therealsalaryofself-employedfellfasterthanthatofemployedemployeesbetween2007and2016.ThismayexplainwhyBritonproductivityhasgrownatsnail’spaceinrecentyears.

Forresearcherinterestedinmusic,musicishelpfultotheirresearch.Releasingtheirmindsfromthestructuralrigoroftheexperimentandthetediousdata,toroamtheworldfullofrhythmwouldbeusefulforhimtoplayscientificcreativity.Oneresearcherfoundthatasatisfactoryperformanceoftenlastedforafewdaysorevenafterseveralhours,andofteninspiredhimtodoresearch.

美国军方已开始在韩国部署导弹防御系统。萨德系统旨在击落来袭导弹。中国将采取一定措施表示反对。许多韩国人和中国人都很愤怒，他们一直在抗议韩国不负责任的部署行动。

在某些情况下，可能需要篇幅长的简历达到整齐美观效果。例如，平面设计师或视觉艺术家可能会从制作带插图的简历中获益，而学者、研究人员或资深管理人员可能需要一页以上的页面来展示他们的丰富经验。但总的来说，最好避免给让招聘人员在一份冗长拖沓的简历上花费过多的精力。

中国正在考虑鼓励夫妇生育二胎的经济激励措施，因为调查显示，由于经济限制，许多人不愿扩大家庭成员。国家卫生和计划生育委员会一位官员在一次社会福利会议上透露了这一潜在的举措。他说，“在中国，生第二个孩子是每个家庭的权利，但负担能力却成了阻碍这个决定的瓶颈。”

13.单选题

Fashionmodelingsoundslikeaneasy,glamorousjob,______onlypatient,perseveringgirlscanstandthestrainofit.

问题1选项

A.but

B.and

C.so

D.as

【答案】A

【解析】考查语言逻辑。A项but“但是”表转折关系，B项and“和”表并列，C项so“因此”表因果，D项as“作为，因为”表方式或者原因。前一句话和后一句话存在意义上的转折关系，此处应填转折连词but，A项符合题意。句意：时装模特听起来像是一份简单、迷人的工作，但只有有耐心、有毅力的女孩才能承受它的压力。因此A项正确。

14.单选题

Theshort,smilingmanwhointroducehimselfasthemanagerdeniedthatwehadpaidmorethanotherpeople,thoughhedidadmitthatwehadbeenputina“special”room.

问题1选项

A.whointroducehimself

B.asthemanagerdenied

C.didadmit

D.hadbeenput

E.没有错误

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。时态错误。introduce改为introduced。谓语动词为denied,是一般过去时,因此A项定语从句中的动词Introduce也应该用过去式。

15.单选题

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat_______thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.

问题1选项

A.atlarge

B.atintervals

C.atease

D.atrandom

【答案】B

【解析】介词词组辨析。atlarge“整个地”；atintervals“不时”；atease“不紧张”；atrandom“随机”。句意：讨论太长并且令人筋疲力尽，以至于说话的人时不时停下来吃点点心。选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

Itisadevastatingprospect.TerroristelectronicallybreakintothecomputersthatcontrolthewatersupplyofalargeAmericancity,openandclosevalvestocontaminatethewaterwithuntreatedsewageortoxicchemicals,andthenreleaseitinadevastatingflood.Astheemergencyservicesstruggletorespond,theterroristsstrikeagain,shuttingdownthetelephonenetworkandelectricalpowergridwithjustafewmouseclicks.Businessesareparalyzed,hospitalsareoverwhelmedandroadsaregridlockedaspeopletrytoflee.

Thiskindofscenarioisinvokedbydoom-mongerswhoinsistthatsteppingupphysicalsecuritysincetheSeptember11th

attacksisnotenough.Road-blocksandsoldiersaroundpowerstationscannotpreventdigitalterrorism.“Untilwesecureourcyber-infrastructure,afewkeystrokesandanInternetconnectionisalloneneedstodisabletheeconomyandendangerlives,”LamarSmith,aTexascongressman,toldajudiciarycommitteeinFebruary.Heendedwithhiscatchphrase:“Amousecanbejustasdangerousasabulletorabomb.”Isheright?

ItistruethatutilitycompaniesandotheroperatorsofcriticalinfrastructureareincreasinglyconnectedtotheInternet.Butjustbecauseanelectricitycompany’scustomerscanpaytheirbillsonline,itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatthecompany’scriticalcontrolsystemsarevulnerabletoattack.Controlsystemsareusuallykeptentirelyseparatefromothersystems,forgoodreason.Theytendtobeobscure,old-fashionedsystemsthatareincompatiblewithinternettechnologyanyhow.Evenauthorizedusersrequirespecialistknowledgetooperatethem.Andtelecomsfirms,hospitalsandbusinessesusuallyhavecontingencyplanstodealwithpowerfailuresorflooding.

AsimulationcarriedoutinAugustbytheUnitedStatesNavalWarCollegeinconjunctionwithGartner,aconsultancy,concludedthatan“electronicPearlHarbor”attackonAmerica’scriticalinfrastructurecouldindeedcauseseriousdisruption,butwouldfirstneedfiveyearsofpreparationand200milliondollarsoffunding.Therearefarsimplerandlesscostlywaytoattackcriticalinfrastructure,fromhoaxphonecallstotruckbombsandhijackedairliners.

OnSeptember18th

RichardClarke,America’scyber-securitytsar,unveiledhislong-awaitedblueprintforsecuringcriticalinfrastructurefromdigitalattacks.Itwasabitofadampsquib(胆怯),makingnofirmrecommendationsandproposingnonewregulationorlegislation.Butitslily-liveredapproachmight,infactbetherightone.Whenariskhasbeenoverstated,inactionmaybethebestpolicy.

Itisdifficulttoavoidcomparisonswiththe“millenniumbugandthepredictionsofwidespreadcomputerchaosarisingfromthechangeofdatetotheyear2000.Then,asnow,thealarmwassoundedbytechnologyvendorsandconsultants,whostoodtogainfromscare-mongering.ButRossAnderson,acomputerscientistatCambridgeUniversity,preferstodrawananalogywiththeenvironmentallobby.Likeeco-warriors,heobserves,thoseinthesecurityindustry—bethevendorstryingtoboostsales,academicschasinggrants,orpoliticianslookingforbiggerbudgets—haveabuilt-inincentivetooverstatetherisks.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat____.

2.Speakingofthedoom-mongers,theauthorimpliesthat____.

3.IntheviewofGartnerconsultant,____.

4.“Lily-liveredapproach”(Paragraph5)probablymeansanapproachcharacterizedby____.

5.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat____.

问题1选项

A.terroristscouldplungealargeAmericancityintochaosthroughelectronicattack

B.Americanpeoplehavenoexperienceindealingwithterrorists

C.thecomputersystemsofutilitycompaniesarerathervulnerable

D.theresponseofemergencyservicesisfarfromsatisfactory

问题2选项

A.theirworriesarequitereasonable

B.theirwarningsshouldbetakenseriously

C.theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacing

D.theyarefamiliarwiththewayterroristsstrike

问题3选项

A.terroristsmaylaunchanother“PearlHarbor”attack

B.terroristshaveamplecapitalandtimetoprepareastunningstrike

C.itisverycostlyandtime-consumingtoattackcriticalinfrastructure

D.itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructure

问题4选项

A.flexibility

B.boldness

C.cowardice

D.conservatism

问题5选项

A.thecomputerindustrysufferedheavylossduetothe“millenniumbug”

B.doom-mongerscaremoreabouttheirownintereststhannationalsecurity

C.computerscientistshavebetterjudgmentthandoom-mongers

D.environmentalistsarecriticizedfortheir