考研考博-英语-广东科学技术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东科学技术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Webeganwithanexperiment.Themanaskedmetomakeadrawingonablankpieceofpaper.ImadeasketchofacreatureIhadinventedsometimeagotoamusemychildren.WhenIhadfinished,heaskedmetocoverthedrawingwithmyhand.ThenheaskedmetoconcentratehardandtotrytotransmitthethoughtofwhatIhadsketchedAminutewentbywithnoresult.Heshookhishead,"itseemsverycomplicated:isitakindofamoeba?"Slowlyandhesitantlyhebegantodrawthecreature’srightear-thespotwhereI’vealwaysbeginthedrawing.“you’vegotit.”Isaid."Goon!"Hecompletedthedrawingquickly.IhadcarefullyredrawnthepictureinmymindasItriedtotransmitit—whichprobablyaccountsfortheidenticalstartingpoint.

Themanthendemonstratedotherpower.Hemadethehandsofmywatchturnbacktwohoursandthedategoforwardtwodaysbystrokingacoinplacedoveritsface,explainingafterwardthathederivespowerfrommetal.Hehadalittletroubletryingtobreakmycarkey.However,heplaceditagainstametalradiator,andafterafewseconds,said,46Itisstartingtogo.Thekeysnappedintwo.

Thenhetriedtotransmitapicturetomebytelepathy.Iattemptedtomakemymindreceptive,butnoimagecameintoit.Feelingratherembarrassed,Ijustdrewthefirstthingthatcameintomyhead:checkmark.Themanshowedmethepieceofpaperhewasholding.ItcontainedamirrorimageofthesymbolIhaddrawn.Itcouldbesignificantinthisconnectionthatthemanisleft-handed.

AfterIlefttheroom,Ibegantosiftmyimpressions.Onlythedaybefore,anacquaintancehadwarnedmetowatchcarefullyforsleight-of-handtricks,especiallyasthemanhadearlierbeenastageconjuror.Ihadtoadmitthatmostofthethingshaddonecouldhavebeentricks.Forinstance,snappingthekeyswithhisfingersandalteringthehandsanddateonmywatchwiththewinderwouldhavebeenwellwithintheabilityofaskilledconjuror.ButhowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?Andifthatfeatwasduetogenuinetelepathicpower,theotherdemonstrationscouldalsobegenuine.

1.Inline11,“derives”mostnearlymeans（

）.

2.Itbeinferredfromline19-25thatthetelepathist’sdemonstrationswouldappearmostconvincingtoacriticalobserverifthetelepathistwereto

（

）.

3.The“acquaintance”mentionedinline19canbestbedescribedasa

（

）.

4.Whichphrasebestcharacterizestheauthor’sgeneralattitudeinthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Obtains

B.infers

C.connects

D.traces

问题2选项

A.providemoreinformationabouthisbackground

B.critiquetheperformancesofothertelepathist

C.performinarigorouslycontrolledenvironment

D.talkaboutwhatheisdoingasheperforms

问题3选项

A.skeptic

B.hypocrite

C.hoaxer

D.confidant

问题4选项

A.Completeindifferent

B.righteousindignation

C.Cynicalamusement

D.guardedacceptance

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.题干中的单词出现在第二段第二句Hemadethehandsofmywatchturnbacktwohoursandthedategoforwardtwodaysbystrokingacoinplacedoveritsface,explainingafterwardthathederivespowerfrommetal（通过抚摸放在脸上的硬币，他把我的手表指针调慢了两个小时，日期也调回到了两天前，他解释说这是为了从金属那里……力量）。可以推测“他解释这种力量是从金属那里得到的”，derive在这里是“获得，得到”的意思。选项A符合题意。

2.文章最后一段提到作者对于心灵感应者其他一些手段他能够识破，比如snappingthekeyswithhisfingersandalteringthehandsanddateonmywatchwiththewinderwouldhavebeenwellwithintheabilityofaskilledconjuror，但是作者对如何伪造画这一过程不明白，因为这是他重构的画（buthowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?），这件事也是作者正在做的一件事。因此可以推测，如果当表演的时候，谈论的是正在做的事情，那么心灵感应者的表演会更有说服力。选项D符合题意。

3.题干中的单词出现在文章最后一段第二句话Onlythedaybefore,anacquaintancehadwarnedmetowatchcarefullyforsleight-of-handtricks,especiallyasthemanhadearlierbeenastageconjuror（就在前两天，我的一个……还警告我要小心戏法，特别是当那个人以前是个舞台魔术师的时候。）警告者要作者当心舞台上的一些小把戏，证明他对魔术师的花招比较了解。选项A符合题意，这个警告者是一个怀疑者。

4.作者在最后一段提到他承认很多舞台上的表演其实是戏法，但是作者对如何伪造画这一过程不明白，因为这是他重构的画（buthowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?）。证明作者对有些部分还是有疑问的。所以选项D“有保留的接受”符合题意。

2.单选题

Justfiveone-hundredthsofaninchthick,lightgoldenincolorandwithaperfect“saddlecurl,”theLay’spotatochipseemsanunlikelyweaponforglobaldomination.Butitsmaker,Frito-Lay,thinksotherwise.“Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld,”saidSalmanAmin,thecompany’sheadofglobalmarketing.AminbelievesthereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip.

Frito-LayisthebiggestsnackmakerinAmericaownedbyPepsiCo,andaccountsforoverhalfoftheparentcompany’s$3billionannualprofits.ButtheU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow,thecompanyhastolookoverseas.

Itsstrategyrestsontwobeliefs:first,aglobalproductofferseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete,andsecond,consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept“Global”doesnotmeanproductsthatareconsciouslyidentifiedasAmerican,butonesthatconsumers-especiallyyoungpeopleseeaspartofamodem,innovative（创新的）worldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrossculturesbysharedbeliefsandtastes.PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmostChinese,forinstance,donotknowthatFrito-LayisanAmericancompany.Instead,Riskey,thecompany’sresearchanddevelopmenthead,wouldhopetheyassociatethebrandwiththenewworldofglobalcommunicationsandbusiness.

Withbrandperceptionacrucialfactor,RiskeyorderedaredesignoftheFrito-Laylogo（标识）.Thelogo,alongwiththecompany’slong-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschipswouldhelpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion.

TheexecutivesacknowledgethattheytrytoswingnationaleatinghabitstoafoodcreatedinAmerica,buttheydenythatamountstoeconomicimperialism.Later,theyseeFrito-Layasspreadingthebenefitsoffreeenterpriseacrosstheworld.“We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives.”saidSteveReinemund,PepsiCo’schiefexecutive.

1.ItisthebeliefofFrito-Lay’sheadofglobalmarketingthat（

）.

2.WhatdowelearnaboutFrito-LayfromParagraph2?

3.OneoftheassumptionsonwhichLaybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyisthat

（

）.

4.WhydidRiskeyhavetheFrito-Laylogoredesigned?

5.Frito-Lay'sexecutivesclaimthatthepromotingofAmericanfoodintheinternationalmarket（

）.

问题1选项

A.Potatochipscanhardlybeusedasaweapontodominatetheworldmarket

B.Theircompanymustfindnewwaystopromotedomesticsales

C.Thelightgoldencolorenhancesthecharmoftheircompany'spotatochips

D.Peopleallovertheworldenjoyeatingtheircompany'spotatochips

问题2选项

A.Itsproductsusedtobepopularamongoverseasconsumers.

B.Itsexpansionhascausedfiercecompetitioninthesnackmarker.

C.Itgiveshalfofitsannualprofitstoitsparentcompany.

D.Itneedstoturntotheworldmarketfordevelopment.

问题3选项

A.consumersworldwidetodayareattractedbyglobalbrands

B.localbrandscannotcompetesuccessfullywithAmericanbrands

C.productssuitingChineseconsumers’needsbringmoreprofits

D.productsidentifiedasAmericanwillhavepromisingmarketvalue

问题4选项

A.Tosuitchangingtastesofyoungconsumers.

B.Topromotethecompany'sstrategyofglobalization.

C.Tochangethecompany'slongheldmarketingimage.

D.TocompetewithotherAmericanchipproducers.

问题5选项

A.won’taffecttheeatinghabitsofthelocalpeople

B.willleadtoeconomicimperialism

C.willbeintheinterestofthelocalpeople

D.won’tspoilthetasteoftheirchips

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“菲多利全球市场主管相信……”。文章第一段提到“薯片是全世界人民的零食”（Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld），“全世界没有任何人能抵挡住薯条的魅力”（thereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip），由此可知选项D“全世界人都爱吃他们公司生产的薯条”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第二段，我们可以了解到菲多利……”。文章第二段提到“菲多利是美国最大的零食生产者……但美国的零食市场差不多已经饱和，所以它不得不转向海外市场”（thecompanyhastolookoverseas），由此可知菲多利需要打开全球市场来寻求发展，选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“菲多利发展策略依据的假设是……”。文章第三段提到了菲多利的两个信念，一是全球性产品具有地方产品不能与之抗衡的规模经济；一是二十一世纪的消费者为“全球性”所吸引，选项A“全球的消费者为全球品牌所吸引”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“Riskey重新设计将菲多利标识的原因是……”。文章第四段提到“（新设计的标识）能够帮助加速公司的全球扩张”（helpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion），因此选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“菲多利的主管们称美国食品在国际市场的推广……”。文章最后一段提到将在那些国家生产产品，让产品迎合当地人的口味，雇佣那里的工人，改变他们的生活（We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives），选项C“有利于当地人”符合题意。

3.单选题

Shesuddenlysawacougarperchedonthefencereadytoswooponherson.

问题1选项

A.pounceon

B.aimat

C.glideupon

D.attackagainst

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pounceon猛扑；突然袭击B.aimat针对；瞄准

C.glideupon滑翔在……上D.attackagainst袭击

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词cougar（美洲狮）可推知，这只狮子是猛扑向她儿子，所以swoopon表示“猛扑”的意思，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。

【句意】她突然看见一只美洲狮停在篱笆上，准备扑向她儿子。

4.单选题

About5000yearsago,peopleinanareanorthoftheBlackSeainsoutheasternEuropespokealanguagecalledProto-Indo-European,whichisbelievedtobetheancestorofmostEuropeanlanguages.TheseincludethelanguagesthatbecameancientGreek,ancientGermanandtheancientLatin.

Latindisappearedasaspokenlanguage.YetitleftbehindthreegreatlanguagesthatbecamemodernSpanish,FrenchandItalian.AncientGermanbecameDutch,Danish,German,Norwegian,SwedishandoneofthelanguagesthatdevelopedintoEnglish.

TheEnglishlanguageisaresultoftheinvasionsoftheislandofBritainovermanyhundredsofyears.ThefirstinvasionswerebyapeoplecalledAnglesabout1500yearsago.TheAngleswereaGermantribe（部落）whocrossedtheEnglishChannel.LatertwomoregroupscrossedtoBritain.TheyweretheSaxonsandtheJutes.ThesegroupsfoundapeoplecalledtheCelts,whohadlivedinBritainformanythousandsofyears.TheCeltsandtheinvadersfought.Afterawhile,mostoftheCeltswerekilled,ormadeslaves.SomeescapedtoliveintheareathatbecameWales.Throughtheyears,theSaxons,AnglesandJutemixedtheirdifferentlanguages.TheresultiswhatiscalledAnglo-SaxonorOldEnglish.

ThenextgreatinvasionofBritaincamefromthefarnorthbeginningabout1100yearsago.FiercepeoplecalledVikingsinvadedthecoastareasofBritain.TheVikingscamefromDenmark,Norwayandothernortherncountries.Theywerelookingtocapturetradegoodsandslavesandtakeawayanythingofvalue.Insomeareas,theVikingsbecamesopowerfultheybuilttemporarybases.Thesetemporarybasessometimesbecamepermanent.Later,manyVikingsstayedinBritain.ManyEnglishwordsusedtodaycomefromtheseancientVikings.Wordslike“sky，”“leg，”“skill,”“egg，”“crawl,”“lift”and“take”arefromtheoldlanguagesofthefarnortherncountries.

ThenextinvasionofBritaintookplacemorethan900yearsago,in1066.HistoryexpertscallthisinvasiontheNormanConquest.

1.Whatisthegeneralideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowinglanguageslaterdevelopedintoEnglish?

3.OldEnglishisthemixtureofthelanguagesspokenbythefollowingtribeswhichinclude_____.

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeVikingswhoinvadedBritainabout1100yearsago?

5.Whatfollowsthepassageismostprobablyabout

.

问题1选项

A.TheearlyhistoryoftheEnglishlanguage

B.TheoriginoftheEnglishlanguage

C.ThevarietiesoftheEnglishlanguage

D.TheinvasionsofBritain

问题2选项

A.Proto-Indo-Europeanlanguage

B.AncientGreek

C.AncientGerman

D.AncientLatin

问题3选项

A.TheAngles,theSaxonsandtheCelts

B.TheSaxons,theJutesandtheCelts

C.TheAngle,theJutesandtheCelts

D.TheAngles,theSaxonandtheJutes

问题4选项

A.Theyweresoldiers

B.Theyweremerchants

C.Theywerepirates

D.Theyweresailors

问题5选项

A.theimpactoftheNormanConquestontheBritishpeople

B.theimpactoftheNormanConquestontheEnglishlanguage

C.theimportanteventsintheNormanConquest

D.thehistoricalfiguresintheNormanConquest

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了英语这门语言的起源以及发展，因此选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段提到的AncientGermanbecameDutch,Danish,German,Norwegian,SwedishandoneofthelanguagesthatdevelopedintoEnglish，可知选项C符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段最后两句话Throughtheyears,theSaxons,AnglesandJutemixedtheirdifferentlanguages.TheresultiswhatiscalledAnglo-SaxonorOldEnglish.可知选项D符合题意。

4.判断推理题。文章第四段提到他们夺去贸易货物和奴隶，抢走任何有价值的东西(Theywerelookingtocapturetradegoodsandslavesandtakeawayanythingofvalue)，由此可推测他们是海盗，选项C符合题意。

5.判断推理题。文章第二段和第三段分别讲述了两次侵略对于英语这门语言的影响，最后一段提到thenextinvasion，由此可推测接下来会讲述这次侵略对语言的影响，因此选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

HeisplanningtogotoTehranto______peacemovesthroughtheIslamicConferenceOrganization.

问题1选项

A.publish

B.survey

C.initiate

D.hoist

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项publish“出版，发布”；B选项survey“审察；测量”；C选项initiate“使开始，发起；使初步了解”；D选项hoist“吊起，拉高”。句意：他计划前往德黑兰通过伊斯兰会议组织______和平运动。这里横线处搭配peacemoves“和平运动”，只有C选项initiate“使开始，发起”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Concernwithmoney,andthenmoremoney,inordertobuytheconveniencesandluxuriesofmodemlife,hasbroughtgreatchangestothelivesofmostFrenchmen.MorepeopleareworkingthaneverbeforeinFrance.Inthecitiesthetraditionalleisurelymiddaymealisdisappointing.Offices,shops,andfactoriesarediscoveringthegreatefficiencyofashortlunchhourincompanylunchrooms.Inalmostalllinesofworkemphasisnowfallsonever-increasingoutput.Thusthe“typical”Frenchmanproducesmore,earnsmore,andbuysmoreconsumergoodsthanhiscounterpartofthelastgeneration.Hegainsincreatingcomfortsandeaseoflife.Whathelosestosomeextentishissenseofpersonaluniqueness,orindividuality.

SomesaythatFrancehasbeenAmericanized.ThisisbecausetheU.S.isaworldsymbolofthetechnologicalsocietyanditsconsumerproducts.Theso-calledAmericanizationofFrancehasitscritics.Theyfearthat“assembly-linelife”willleadtothedisappearanceofthepleasuresofthemoregracefulandleisurely(butlessproductive)oldFrenchstyle.Whatwillhappen,theyask,totaste,elegance,andthecultivationofthegoodthingsinlife—joyinthesmellofafreshlypickedapple,astrollbytheriver,orjusthappyhoursofconversationinalocalcafe?

Sincethelate1950slifeinFrancehasindeedtakenonqualitiesofrush,tension,andthepursuitofmaterialgain.Someofthestrongestcriticsofthenewwayoflifearetheyoung,especiallyuniversitystudents.Theyareconcernedwiththefuture,andtheyrearthatFranceisthreatedbytriumphofthiscompetitive,goods-orientedculture.Occasionally,theyhavereactedagainstthetrendwithconsiderableviolence.

Inspiteofthecritics,however,countlessFrenchmenarecommittedtokeepingFranceintheforefrontofthemodemeconomicworld.Theyfindthatthepresentlifebringsmorerewards,convenience,andpleasuresthanthatofthepast.Theybelievethatamodem,industrialFranceispreferabletotheold.

1.TheoldFrenchwayoflifeischaracterizedby（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingarethedescriptionoftoday’sFrenchmenEXCEPTthat（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecritics?

4.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.leisure,eleganceandefficiency

B.elegance,efficiencyandtaste

C.leisure,eleganceandtaste

D.leisure,efficiencyandtaste

问题2选项

A.manyofthempreferthemodemlifestyle

B.theactuallyenjoyworkingattheassemblyline

C.theyaremoreconcernedwithmoneythanbefore

D.theyaremorecompetitivethantheoldgeneration

问题3选项

A.Criticsaregreaterinnumberthanpeopleenjoyingthenewwayoflife.

B.Studentcriticsaregreaterinnumberthancriticsinotherfield.

C.Studentcriticshave,onoccasion,resortedtoviolentmeansagainstthetrend.

D.Criticsareconcernedsolelywiththepresentratherthanthefuture.

问题4选项

A.ChangesintheFrenchWayofLife

B.CriticismoftheNewLifestyle

C.TheAmericanizationofFrance

D.FeaturesoftheNewWayofLife

问题5选项

A.inpursuingmaterialgainstheFrencharesufferinglosseselsewhere

B.theFrenchenjoyshortlunchhours

C.theFrencharefedupwiththesmelloffreshlypickedapples

D.greatchangeshaveoccurredinthelifestyleofallFrenchmen

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第二段第四、五句话“Theyfearthat...themoregracefulandleisurely(butlessproductive)oldFrenchstyle.Whatwillhappen,theyask,totaste,elegance,andthecultivationofthegoodthingsinlife...”由此可见,古老法国式生活的特点是安逸、高雅以及品味。选项C正确。

2.根据第二段的第三句“Theyfearthat“assembly-linelife”willleadtothedisappearanceofthepleasuresofthemoregracefulandleisurely(butlessproductive)oldFrenchstyle.”他们害怕“流水线式的生活”会引起古老法国式生活的高雅和安逸所带来的愉悦感消失，所以他们不会享受流水线式的生活。选项B符合要求。

3.根据第三段的最后一句话,“Occasionally,theyhavereactedagainstthetrendwithconsiderableviolence.”偶尔，他们对这一趋势的反应是相当暴力的。选项C符合原文。

4.文章主要讲的是法国生活方式的变迁以及大家对此的态度。因此,选项A正确，其他选项只是部分内容。

5.根据第一段的最后两句“Hegainsincreatingcomfortsandeaseoflife.Whathelosestosomeextentishissenseofpersonaluniqueness,orindividuality.”选项A法国人在追求物质利益的过程中,可能会在别处失去一些东西，符合原文。

7.单选题

Evidencecameup（

）specificsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassixmonthsold.

问题1选项

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.whose

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位语从句。通过分析句子可知，后面specificsoundsarerecognized…是对前面的evidence的解释说明，是同位语，并且是个完整的句子，所以此处用that来引导这个同位语从句。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Smugglingisa（）activitywhichmightbringdestructiontooureconomy;therefore,itmustbebanned.

问题1选项

A.pertinent

B.fruitful

C.detrimental

D.casual

【答案】C

【解析】句意:走私是一种非法活动，可能会破坏经济，因此，必须禁止。

考查形容词辨析。pertinent相关的，恰当的;fruitful富有成效的，多产的;detrimental有害的，不利的；casual随便的，非正式的。根据整个句意可知应选择表示负面意义的词，故选C。

9.案例题

BarbieDolls

Flashyclothes,theperfectboyfriend,aCorvette,Ferrari,fullsizeapartmentwithbeautifulfurnitureandaboat.She'sthewomanwhohaseverythingandeveryyearreceivesmore.Sinceherintroductionin1959,theBarbiedollmaybethemostinfluentialiconofAmericancultureinthelatetwentiethcentury.

（1）.Sheattractedlittlegirlsbecauseofheradult-likefeatures.Beforethis,childrenlookedattoyslikeYogiBear,HowdyDoody,andbabydollsforinspiration.Withthecreationof»Barbie,girlsnowhadanewtoytostimulatetheirimaginations.

Inthe1950smostwomenstayedathome,cooking,cleaningandcaringfortheirchildren;theydidn'tparadearoundintightlittleskirtsandhighheels.TheBarbiedollrepresentedindependenceandglamourshecouldsingsolosinthespotlightoneminuteandpilotanairplanethenext.ShewasexcitingandcompletelydifferentfromtheclingingBetsyWestsysandChattyCathysthatlittlegirlswereusedto.

InForeverBarbie:theUnauthorizedBiographyofaRealDoll,MG.LordtellsthestoryofBarbie'screators.RuthHandler,theyoungestoftensiblings（同胞）,workedasastenographerforParamountPicturesasayoungwoman.HerhusbandElliottdesignedlightfixturesandstudiedart.

（2）.TheHandlersbeganthefactoryintheirgaragebutquicklyexpandeduntiltheyhadhiredahundredworkerswhomadejewelryanddecorativeitems.WorldWarIIshortagesoflaborsoonputthemoutofbusiness.

Despitetheirfirstfailure,theHandlersdidn'tgiveupand,in1945,theyjoinedwithHaroldMatson,aformerworker,andtogetherthethreestarted"MattelCreations".Matson'slastnamealongwithElliot'swasfusedtogethertoformthenameMattel.

In1946,Matsonsoldouthisshare.TheHandlerswerenotdiscouraged,though,becauseoftheirstrongbeliefinfuturisticmaterialssuchasPlexiglas,Luciteandplastic.Theycontinued,lookingfortheperfectitemtomaketheircompanyasuccess.Littledidtheyknowthattheirpersistencewouldleadthemtoestablishamulti-millioncompanyinitiatedbytherevolutionaryBarbiedoll.

RuthHandlerfirstencounteredthemodelforBarbiein1955whilevacationinginSwitzerlandwithherfamily.TheLillidoll,acomiccharacterfromGermany,wasusuallyfoundintobaccostoresasathreedimensional（三维的）pinup（挂在墙上的照片,玩偶等）.Ruthbroughtbacktwodolls,oneforherdaughterBarbara,andoneforherself.

（3）.Handlerrecalls:"ThroughtheirplayBarbaraimaginedtheirlivesasadults.Theyusedthedollstoreflecttheadultworldaroundthem.Theywouldsitandcarryonconversations,makingthedollsrealpeople.Ithoughtifonlywecouldtakethisplaypatternandthreedimensionalizeit,wewouldhavesomethingveryspecial."

BarbiedebutedattheAmericanToyFairinNewYorkCityinthewinterof1959.Butinherunseasonableblack-and-whitestripedswimsuit,thedolldidnotimpresstoybuyers.EvenScars,Mattersbiggestcustomer,refusedtoputthesexydollontheirshelves.LordsaysitwasMattel'sadvertisingstrategyaimedatthechildrenthatfinallypavedthewayforBarbie'ssuccess.

The1950swasabigdecadeforchildculture.DisneylandhadopenedinJulyof1955,andWaltDisney'sMickeyMouseClubtelevisionserieswasahitforchildrenundertheageof12.ManufacturersandretailershadaimedtoyadvertisingatparentsinthepastwiththefocusduringChristmasseason.Butoncechildrenactuallysawtoysadvertisedontelevision,toysbecameabigbusiness.Televisionadvertisementswiththechild-as-a-consumerrevolutionizedthetoyindustryinthetwentiethcentury.

Barbiewasafantasy.Inabordercityitwasraretoencounterawhite,blue-eyedperson."Maybethat'swhyIwassoattractedtoher."Mostlittlegirlscouldn'twaittogettheirhandsonBarbiebecausetheyhadneverencounteredadollwithsuchanenormouswardrobe.

AngelaLoya,anengineerandBarbiecollectorfromHouston,idolizedBarbiebecauseofherindependence.Shesaidinaninterview,"Barbiewasdesignedforwomenbywomen.Ittaughtuswhatwasexpectedfromusbysociety.Shehaditall...theclothes,theboyfriendandwhatevercareershewanted.Shewasthesymbolofpost-warfemaleindependence."

（4）.LordquotesRuthHandlerassaying,"Pregnancy（怀孕）wouldneverbepartofBarbie'sphysique,becauseBarbiewouldnotcompromiseherfreedom.Justasshedidnotdependonparents,shewouldnothaveoffspringdependentonher."

Barbie'ssexyimagealsoraisedquestionsamongbothchildrenandparents.ManyparentsstilldidnottalkaboutsextotheirchildrenandnakedbabydollsusuallydidnotsparkgreatinterestBarbiedollschangedthis.

Some700millionBarbiedollshavebeensoldsince1959inover140countries.Yearlysalesexceededthe$1billionmarkin1993.RetailexpertsestimatethatthetypicalAmericangirlownsanaverageofeightBarbiedolls.AndthedollhasherownHallofFameinPaloAlto,California,whereacollectionofover20,000Barbiesawaitsvisitors.

（5）.Achild'simaginationcantakeBarbieanywhere.Sheeasilycanbeadoctorbysimplyconvertingherhotpinkkitchenintoanoperatingroom.Tissueboxesandpackingcartonsmakegreatfurnitureandapartmentcomplexes.Achildreallydoesn'tneedthefancycarsordollhousestomakeherdreamscomealive:allthatisreallyneededisanimagination.

A.Barbie'sbiographerremindsusthatshewasnotdefinedthroughrelationshipsofresponsibilitytomenorfamily.

B.Barbie,namedaftertheHandlers'daughter,hasbecomethequintessential（典型的）Americandoll.

C.Barbie'ssuccessmaybeattributedtothefocusonchildrenasconsumersforthefirsttime.

D.AsecondcontributingfactortotherealizationofthisdollevolvedfromRuthwatchingherdaughterandfriendsplaywithpaperdolls.

E.In1937,theyhadmovedfromColoradotoCaliforniawheretheygambledtheirlifesavingsonaplantobuildPlexiglasfurniture.

Directions：Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1〜5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistatoetofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

【答案】（1）C

（2）E

（3）D

（4）A

（5）B

【解析】

1.根据填空处下文的内容可知,在芭比娃娃问世之前,孩子们的玩具是瑜伽熊,胡迪木偶和布娃娃。随着芭比娃娃的诞生,女孩们现在有了一种新的玩具来激发她们的想象力。由此可以推断填空处内容应该和孩子相关,所以选项C芭比娃娃的成功可能要归功于它首次将儿童作为消费者,符合原文逻辑。

2.根据原文可知,本段主要讲的是芭比创造者Handler夫妇的故事。和他们相关的只有选项E。

3.根据下文的内容：Handler回忆说:"通过游戏芭芭拉把自己和朋友想象为成年人。他们用娃娃来反映他们周围的成人世界,他们会坐下来进行对话,把洋娃娃当成真人。我想如果我们能把这个游戏模式三维化,我们就会有非常特别的东西。"填空处应该和孩子们玩的游戏相关,所以选项D正确。

4.根据下文的内容：怀孕绝不会成为芭比体形的一部分,因为芭比娃娃不会拿她的自由妥协。正如她不依靠父母,她也不会拥有依赖她的后代。也就是说芭比不是通过对男性或家庭的责任关系来定义的。选项A正确。

5.最后一段的首句是总结句。芭比娃娃现在已经成为典型的美国洋娃娃。选项B正确。

10.单选题

Thejudgerebukedthepolicefortheirtreatmentoftheprisoner.

问题1选项

A.defended

B.reproved

C.approved

D.ratified

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项defendedv.辩护，防护，保卫；B选项reprovedv.责骂，谴责，刁难；C选项approvedv.批准，赞成，审核；D选项ratifiedv.批准，认可。根据题意法官指责了警官对待犯人的方式可知，B项符合题意。

11.单选题

Thesheepwerehuddledintoa（）toprotectthemfromovernightfrosts.

问题1选项

A.hutch

B.pen

C.cage

D.kennel

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。hutch“笼子”；pen“围栏”；cage“笼子”；kennel“动物住的屋舍”。句意：羊蜷缩在羊圈里来保护自己从而不受夜晚严寒的侵袭。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Heisabitofanexpert（

）computers,whichhasbecomesomethinghewouldboasttohisfriends.

问题1选项

A.spoutoff

B.feelrightabout

C.getawaywith

D.whenitcomesto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:说到电脑，他还是有点在行的。而这也成为他在朋友面前自夸的资本。

考查短语辨析。spoutoff喋喋不休,夸夸其谈;feelrightabout感觉是对的;getawaywith侥幸成功,侥幸逃脱;whenitcomesto当提到。故D符合句意。

13.单选题

Theyhurriedtothetheatre（）thattheplayhadalreadybegun.

问题1选项

A.finding

B.justintime

C.onlytofind

D.rightincase

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。主句使用的是一般过去式hurried，而后面的句子使用的是过去完成时hadbegun，两者之间存在转折。句意：他们匆忙赶到剧院，……戏已经开始了。onlytodosth表示“出乎意料的结果”，故选C。

14.单选题

Twothirdsofthebooks______soldoutbutonly10percentoftheincome______tome.

问题1选项

A.was;were

B.was;was

C.were;was

D.were;were

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.was;were是（单数）；是（复数）B.was;was是（单数）；是（单数）

C.were;was是（复数）；是（单数）D.were;were是（复数）；是（复数）

【考查点】主谓一致。

【解题思路】第一个空格的主语是Twothirdsofthebooks（三分之二的书籍），book是可数名词且用的是复数形式，所以第一个空格要填入were；第二个空格的主语是10percentoftheincome（百分之十的收入），income是不可数名词，所以第二个空格填入was，该题选择C项恰当。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合主谓一致原则。

【句意】三分之二的书卖完了，但只有10%的收入归我所有。

15.单选题

Governmentatmanylevelsshouldestablishcertainrulesinthe（）ofthecitizens.

问题1选项

A.rest

B.form

C.interest

D.perception

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Rest“休息”；form“形式”；interest“兴趣，爱好”；perception“知觉，感觉”。句意：不同层次的政府应该在人民利益的基础上设定规则。选项C符合题意。

16.单选题

Unfortunately,hisdamagingattacksontheramificationsoftheeconomicpolicyhavebeen（）byhiswholeheartedacceptanceofthatpolicy’sunderlyingassumptions.

问题1选项

A.supplemented

B.undermined

C.redeemed

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。句意：不幸的是，他对这项政策基本假设的衷心接受