考研考博-英语-广西理工职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西理工职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thecompanymademoreprofitinthatonemonththanitmadeinthewholeofthe（）year.

问题1选项

A.previously

B.proceeding

C.preceding

D.unpreceding

【答案】C

【解析】形近异义词辨析。previously“以前”；proceeding“程序，诉讼”；preceding“在前的，先前的”；unpreceding“空前的，前所未有的”。句意：公司在那一个月创造的收益比整个前年的多。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Thepollutionquestionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussed,whenthecongressisin（）againnextspring.

问题1选项

A.assembly

B.session

C.conference

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项assembly“集会；集合”；B选项session“会议；（法庭的）开庭；（议会等的）开会”；C选项conference“会议；协商”；D选项conventional“符合习俗的；惯例的”。句意：污染问题，还有其他几个问题，将于明年春季代表……再次召开时讨论。根据前面的介词in可知空格内应填入一个名词，做thecongress“代表大会”的表语。由此可排除D选项。conference为正式用词，一般指大型会议，各国之间的协商、会谈等。assembly多指一个通常有许多人参加、计划好的，为某一特殊目的而召集的会议。session一般指议会等召开的正式会议，也可指法庭之休庭期，会议之会期。根据关键词again“再一次”，说明现在的会议已经结束，需要等到下一个会期再进行讨论，insession“会议期”。因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Thefearofsmallpox,whichterrorizedtheeighteenthcentury,hasnoanalogytoday.

问题1选项

A.occurrence

B.remnants

C.witness

D.parallel

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。analogy表示“类比，类推，类似”；A项occurrence“发生，出现，事件”，B项remnant“残余，残留物”，C项witness“证人，目击者，证据”，D项parallel“平行线，对比”。句意：对天花的恐惧，曾使18世纪的人们惊恐万分，如今却无法与之相提并论。根据句意可知，D项符合语境。因此，该题选择D项正确。

4.单选题

Fromtheearliestdecadesofcolonizationtothe20thcentury,Americanshavecelebratedandlargelytakenforgrantedtheseeminglyendlessbountyoftheirland.NotuntiltheearlytwentiethcenturydidasignificantconservationmovementdevelopbeforetheproddingofprofessionalresourcemanagersliketheforesterGiffordPinchot,andpoliticianslikeTheodoreRoosevelt.Themovementwasaresponsetoanevidentdwindlingofknowmineralresources,thedecimationofvirginforests,andadeclineinthefishandgameavailabletosportsmen.Itwasalsoanintegralexpressionofthepoliticalmovementknownasprogressivism,whichstressed,amongotherthings,theuseofgovernmentpower,guidedbyscientificknowledgeanddemocraticprinciples,tosolvenational,social,andeconomicproblems.Theprogressiveconservationistspushedintoexistenceasubstantialbodyoflegislationatstateandnationallevelsthataimedattherationalmanagementofresources.Forthemostpart,however,theselawshadmoreformthansubstance,andinpracticetheexploitationofnaturecontinuedandlargelyunchecked.

Bythe1920’sprogressivismhadfadedaway,butitsenthusiasmforscientificmanagementandresearchremainedactiveinthebusinesscommunity.Boththecommitmenttoresourcemanagementresearchbyindustryandtheallocationoffundstoseekoutuntappedresourcesgrewrapidly.Scienceandtechnologylinkedupmorecloselythanbeforetodevisemeansfortheirexploitation.

Theamalgamofscience,technology,andbusinessinterestsnotonlyfosteredthecontinuedgrowthofolderindustries,butalsospawnednewindustriesthatfosteredeconomicexpansionatgreatenvironmentalcost.Thedevelopmentofelectricpowerraisedmanufacturingproductivityandthematerialstandardofliving,butalsopollutedtheairthroughthecombustionoffossilfuelsinhugeamounts.Thespreadofautomotivetransportationentailedmobilityandproductivity,butexactedthepriceoflong-termenvironmentalcosts,voraciousenergyconsumption,andexpropriationoflandforrailways.Themultifacetedpetrochemicalindustrylistedamongitsbenefitsbetteragriculturalproductivityfromtheuseofchemicalfertilizersandpesticides,butcontributedheavilytoair,water,andsoilpollution.TheaviationindustrypromotedmobilityandcohesionwithinthenationandhelpedtoendAmericanisolationfromtherestoftheworld,butpromotedanewdimensionofairandnoisepollution,energydemands,andpressureonscarcelandinurbanareasforairports.

AmericanurbanizationandindustrializationcontinuedtoacceleratebetweenWorldWarIandthe1970's,withonlyatemporaryslumpinthedepressionera.Demandforiron,steel,coal,oil,gas,water,andfoodrockedaheadduringtheseyears,stimulatedparticularlybytheeconomicgrowthassociatedwithWorldWarII.Bythe1970'stheindustrialmightoftheUnitedStateswasanoverpoweringnationalandglobalreality.Withsixpercentoftheworld'speople,itconsumesannuallysomethirty-fivepercentoftheworld'savailableresources,whilegeneratingproportionateburdensofharmfulwastes.WhileAmericanshavebeenproudoftheirtechnicalandindustrialpreeminence,itwasonlyinthe1950’sthatpersuasiveenvironmentalthinkingbegantoremindthemthatbeinganeconomicsuperpowerisamixedblessingwithprofoundecologicalconsequences.

1.TheAmericanshavealwaysbelievedthattheUnitedStates（）.

2.ProgressinenvironmentalprotectionintheUnitedStateswouldnothavebeenpossibleifithadnotbeenfor（）.

3.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsenvironmentallawsandregulationsintheUnitedStatesis（

）.

4.Inparagraph3,theauthortriestoaccountfor（）intheUnitedStates.

5.Thelastsentenceofthepassagemeansthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.hasthelargestlandareaintheworld

B.enjoysinexhaustibleresources

C.isademocracythatiscelebratedbyothercountries

D.willdevelopaconservationmovementbeforetheproddingofprofessionalresourcemanagersandpoliticians

问题2选项

A.thecommitmentsofkeyprofessionalsandpoliticians

B.hardevidencesofenvironmentaldegradation

C.theprevalentpoliticalideology

D.alltheabove

问题3选项

A.critical

B.misleading

C.positive

D.neutral

问题4选项

A.thedeclineofprogressivism

B.continuedtechnologicalandeconomicadvances

C.worseningecologicalconditions

D.thecontributionsofresourcesinindustrialgrowth

问题5选项

A.economicprogresshastakenaserioustollonecologyintheUnitedStates

B.theeconomicstatusoftheUnitedStatesisablessing

C.theAmericansshouldberemindedoftheneedtoprotectnature

D.theUnitedStatesneedstoconductprofoundecologicalresearch

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章开头，“Americanshavecelebratedandlargelytakenforgrantedtheseeminglyendlessbountyoftheirland.”，可知美国人庆祝并且理所当然地认为他们的土地资源似乎无穷无尽。可推断出美国人始终相信，他们的可以享受无穷无尽的资源。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Notuntiltheearlytwentiethcenturydidasignificantconservationmovementdevelopbeforetheproddingofprofessionalresourcemanagers…”，可知专业资深管理人员发起了进步运动。以及下文提到一些进步主义者提出制定法律对资源进行合理利用。选项A和C符合题意。又根据文章第二段和第三段提到了美国的环境问题，可知环境退化已经具有了确凿的证据，选项B符合题意。所以A，B，C三项都包括，选项D符合题意。

3.作者态度题。根据文章第一段最后一句，“theselawshadmoreformthansubstance,andinpracticetheexploitationofnaturecontinuedandlargelyunchecked.”，可知作者认为这些法律的形式多于实质，在实践中，对自然的剥削仍在继续，而且没有受到限制。所以作者对美国环保法律法规的态度是批判的。选项A符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第三段，“Theamalgamofscience,technology,andbusinessinterestsnotonlyfosteredthecontinuedgrowthofolderindustries,butalsospawnednewindustriesthatfosteredeconomicexpansionatgreatenvironmentalcost.”，可知科学、技术和商业利益的融合不仅促进了老工业的持续增长，而且还催生了以环境问题为代价的促进经济扩张的新工业。下文继续举例说明了一些工业和经济的发展给环境带来了巨大的破坏。可推断出作者在第三段主要是解释了美国环境恶化的原因。选项C符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章最后一句，“…itwasonlyinthe1950’sthatpersuasiveenvironmentalthinkingbegantoremindthemthatbeinganeconomicsuperpowerisamixedblessingwithprofoundecologicalconsequences.”，可知直到20世纪50年代，有说服力的环境思想才开始提醒他们，成为一个经济超级大国是一件喜忧参半的事情，经济的发展同时也带来了严重的生态环境问题。可推断出经济的发展对美国的生态环境造成了严重的破坏。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（

）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

问题1选项

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如联合王国（英国）的其它地方那样，义务教育在苏格兰开始于5岁，

结束于16岁。

考查形容词辨析。Compelling引人入胜的,扣人心弦的,非常强烈的,不可抗拒的;forced被迫的,不得已的,勉强的;obliged有义务的;compulsory(因法律或规则而)必须做的，强制的，强迫的。此处指国家对义务教育的规定,故D符合句意。

6.单选题

Asthedogdaysofsummerwane,mostpeoplearepreparingtosendtheirkidsbacktoschool.Inyearspast,thishasmeantbuyingnotebooksandpencils,perhapsevenanewbackpack.Butoverthepastdecadeorso,theback-to-schoolchecklisthasformanyalsoincludedanarrayofscreendevicesthatmanyparentsdutifullystuffintotheirchildren’sbag.

Thescreenrevolutionhasseenpedagogyundergoaseismicshiftastechnologynowdominatestheeducationallandscape.InalmosteveryclassroominAmericatoday,youwillfindsometypeofscreen—smartboards,Chromebooks,tablets,smartphones.Frominner-cityschoolstothoseinruralandremotetowns,wehaveacceptedtechintheclassroomasanecessaryandbeneficialevolutionineducation.

Thisisalie.

Techintheclassroomnotonlyleadstoworseeducationaloutcome,forkids,whichIwillexplainshortly,itcanalsoclinicallyhurtthem.I'veworkedwithoverathousandteensinthepast15years,andhaveobservedthatstudentswhohavebeenraisedonahigh-techdietnotonlyappeartostrugglemorewithattentionandfocus,butalsoseemtosufferfromanadolescentmalaisethatappearstobeadirectbyproductoftheirdigitalimmersion.Indeed,overtwohundredpeer-reviewedstudiespointtoscreentimecorrelatingtoincreasedADHD（多动症发病率）,screenaddition,increasedaggression,depression,anxietyandevenpsychosis.

Butifthatistrue,whywouldwehaveallowedthese"educational"Trojanhorsestoslipintoourschools?Followthemoney.

Educationtechnologyisestimatedtobecomea$60billionindustryby2018.Withtheadventofthe"CommonCore"in2010,whichnationalizedcurriculumarandtextbooksstandards,themultibillion-dollartextbookindustrybecameveryattractiveforeducationalgunslingerslookingtocapitalizeonthenewWildWestofeducationtechnology.Atabletwitheducationalsoftwarenolongerneededstate-by-statecurricularcustomization.Itcouldnowbesoldtotheentirecountry.

ThisnewGoldRushattractedpeoplelikeRupertMurdoch,nototherwiseknownforhisconcernforAmericanpedagogy,whowouldgoontoinvestover$1billionintoed-techcompanycalledAmplify,withthestatedmissionofsellingeverystudentinAmericatheirproprietarytablet-foronly$199-alongwiththesoftwareandannuallicensingfees.

Amplifyhiredhundredsofvideogamedesignerstobuildeducationalvideogames-whiletheyandothertechentrepreneursattemptedtosellthenotionthatAmericanstudentsnolongerhadtheattentionspanfortraditionaleducation.Theirsolution:Educatetheminamorestimulatingand"engaging”manner.

Butlet'slookmorecloselyatthatclaim.ADHDrateshaveindeedexplodedby50percentoverthepast10yearswiththeU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)indicatingthatratescontinuetorisebyfivepercentperyear.YetmanyresearchersandneuroscientistsbelievethatthisADHDepidemicisadirectresultofchildrenbeinghyper-stimulated.Usinghyper-stimulatingdigitalcontentto"engage”thosedistractedstudentsexacerbates(使……恶化)theproblemthatitendeavorstosolve.ItcreatesaviciousandaddictiveADHDcycle:Themoreachildisstimulated,themorethatchildneedstokeepgettingstimulatedinordertoholdtheirattention.

Murdoch'sAmplifywasn'ttheonlydubioused-techcash-grab.ThecityofLosAngeleshadenteredintoa$1.3billioncontractin2014tobuyiPadsloadedwithPearsoneducationalsoftwareforallofits650,000Kthrough12thstudents-untiltheFBIinvestigateditscontractandfoundthatnow-formerSuperintendentJohnDeasyhadacloserelationshipwithAppleandPearsonexecutives.(BeforethedealwaskilledinDecember2014,thePearsonplatformhadimcompletedandessentiallyworthlesscurriculumandsuchfeeblesecurityrestrictionsstudentsthatbypasstheminweeks.)

DespitetheAmplifyandLAdebacles,othersstillseektoconvincenaiveschoolsadministratorsthatscreensaretheeducationalpanacea.YetasmoreAmericanschoolslayoffteacherswhilesettingasidescarcebudgetdollarsfortech,manyeducatorsandparentsalikehavebeguntoask:Doanyofthesehypnoticmarvelsofthedigitalageactuallyproducebettereducationaloutcomesforthekidswhousethem?

Dr.KentaroToyama,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan’sSchoolofInformation,oncebelievedthattechnologyintheclassroomcouldsolvetheproblemsofmodernurbaneducation.NoLuddite,hehadreceivedhisPh.D.incomputersciencefromYaleandhadmovedtoIndiain2004tohelpfoundanewresearchlabformobilephonesandothertechnologiesthatcouldhelpeducateIndia’sbillion-pluspopulation.

Ratherthanfindingadigitaleducationalcure,hecametounderstandwhathercallstechnology's“LawofAmplification":technologycouldhelpeducationwhereit’salreadydoingwell,butitdoeslittleformediocreeducationalsystems.Worse,indysfunctionalschools,it"cancauseoutrightharm."Headded,"Unfortunately,thereisnotechnologicalfix...moretechnologyonlymagnifiessocioeconomicdisparities,andtheonlywaytoavoidthatisnon-technological.”

Weareprojectingourowninfatuationwithshinytechnology,assumingourlittledigitalnativeswouldratherlearnusinggadgets—whilewhattheycraveandneedishumancontactwithflesh-and-bloodeducators.

SchoolsneedtoheedthisresearchinordertotrulyunderstandhowtobestnurturerealintrinsiclearningandnotfallfortheSirensongofthetechcompanies-andalloftheirhypnoticscreens.

1.Theauthorimpliesthatthescreenrevolution（）.

2.Whatdoes“lie”inpara.3mean?

3.Whydotheclassroomhigh-techsattractpeoplelikeMurdoch?

4.“Luddite”inparagraph12meansapersonwhoisopposedto（）.

5.Itseemsthattheauthorapproveshighlyof（）intheclassroomandschooleducation.

问题1选项

A.hindersthechangeoftheteachingmethods

B.helpsthestudyofteachingmethodsdevelop

C.dominatesthestudyofteachingmethods

D.changestogetherwiththechangeofthestudyofteachingmethods

问题2选项

A.Techintheclassroomleadstoworseeducationaloutcomesforkids

B.NoteveryclassroomintheU.S.isequippedwithscreens

C.Technologyintheclassroomisnecessaryandbeneficialineducation

D.Raisedonahigh-techdietappearstobeadirectbyproductofthekids'digitalimmersion

问题3选项

A.Followthemoney

B.Followtheroutineofhigh-tech

C.Advocatefundamentaleducation

D.Enlargetheinfluenceoftheirownbrands

问题4选项

A.democracy

B.newtechnology

C.work

D.education

问题5选项

A.smartboards

B.chromebooks

C.humaninteraction

D.on-linelearning

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。题干询问：作者暗示，屏幕革命如何？根据原文第三段“Thisisalie”可知，这是作者对于上文提到的“…wehaveacceptedtechintheclassroomasanecessaryandbeneficialevolutionineducation.”这一观点持有否定态度，不应该将教室中的技术视为教育中必要且有益的发展。而根据原文第四段第一句“Techintheclassroomnotonlyleadstoworseeducationaloutcome,forkids,whichIwillexplainshortly,itcanalsoclinicallyhurtthem.”可知，这些技术不仅会使孩子们的课堂教学质量下降，还会对孩子造成伤害。因此，可排除B选项；根据第二段第一句可知，technology在教育界占有重要地位，而不是screenrevolution，故排除C；而D选项“随着教学方法研究的变化而变化”在原文中并未提及。所以，只有A项“阻碍教育方法的改变”最符合原文内容，故本题正确答案为A选项。

第2题:2.推理判断题。题干询问：第三段中的“lie”指的是什么？根据上下文可知，第三段中的this指代的是上文第二段提出的“将教室中的技术视为教育中必要且有益的发展”这一观点，作者认为这种观点就是谎言，所以是对这一观点进行否定。因此，通过分析上下文语境可知，“lie”是指C选项“课堂上的技术是必要的，对教育也是有益的”。A选项表示“教室里的科技导致了孩子们更糟糕的教育结果”，B选项表示“不是美国的每个教室都有屏幕”，D选项表示“在高科技饮食中长大似乎是孩子们沉浸数字的直接副产品”。

第3题:3.细节事实题。题干询问：为什么课堂高科技会吸引像默多克这样的人？在原文第五段，作者将课堂科技比作特洛伊木马，而课堂科技之所以能进入课堂，都是因为后文提到的“followthemoney”。接着作者讲到课堂科技拥有巨大的产业价值，而这样的淘金热自然会吸引默多克这样的大亨。由此可知，默多克这样的人被吸引而来主要是为了追求财富。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。

第4题:4.细节事实题。题干询问：第12段中“Luddite”是指反对什么的人？将“Luddite”定位到原文中第12段可以发现，Dr.KentaroToyama是一位非“Luddite”，而他认为课堂技术可以解决现代教育中的问题。那么，“Luddite”自然就是反对“课堂技术可以解决现代教育中的问题”的人，也就是反对新技术的人。由此可以判断，B选项表述符合原文内容，故本题正确答案为B选项。

第5题:5.细节事实题。题干询问：作者似乎高度赞扬课堂和学校教育中的什么？根据原文倒数第二段“Weareprojectingourowninfatuationwithshinytechnology,assumingourlittledigitalnativeswouldratherlearnusinggadgets—whilewhattheycraveandneedishumancontactwithflesh-and-bloodeducators.”可知，我们把自己对于科技的迷恋投射到了课堂上，认为我们的学生宁可学习使用小工具。然而，他们渴望和需要的是与有血有肉的教育者进行接触。所以作者提倡在课堂和学校教育中需要的是人与人之间的互动。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。

7.单选题

Once,ataparty,Iwasintroducedtoafriendofafriend.Weshookhands,Itoldhermyname,shetoldmehers.ThenshedidsomethingthatIwaseversogratefulfor.“Hangon,”shesaid.“Canyousayyournameagain?Iwasn’treallylistening.”Shesavedmefromhavingtolater—possiblyevenatthesameparty—sheepishlyadmitthatI,too,hadalreadyforgottenhername.

AninformalpolloffellowAtlanticstaffersconfirmedmysuspicionthatthisissomethingthathappenstoeventhemostkindandconscientiousamongus.Nosoonerdoessomeoneutterthemostfundamentalfactoidaboutthemselvesthantheinformationfleesourbrainsforever.

Thereareafewreasonswhythisoccurs:

You’renotreallythatinterested:Maybeyou’rejustmakinganappearanceatthispartyandareplanningtoabscondshortlytoasuperiorkick-back.Yourlevelofinterestcanimpacthowwellyouremembersomething.“Somepeople,perhapsthosewhoaremoresociallyaware,arejustmoreinterestedinpeople,moreinterestedinrelationships,”RichardHarris,professorofpsychologyatKansasStateUniversity,toldScienceDaily.“Theywouldbemoremotivatedtoremembersomebody’sname.”

Therearetwotypesofstorageinthebrain:Long-termandshort-term.Theshort-termvarietyiscalled“workingmemory,”anditfunctionslikeaveryleakythermos.Itdoesn’tholdmuchanditspillsstuffoutallthetime.“Youcanholdjustalittlebitofinformationthereandifyoudon’tconcentrateonit,itfadesawayrapidly,”PaulReber,apsychologyprofessoratNorthwesternUniversity,toldmeinanemail.“Informationlikeanameneedstobetransferredtoadifferentbrainsystemthatcreateslong-termmemoriesthatpersistovertime.”

There’snotmuchinaname,frankly.Itdoesn’tactuallytellyouanythingaboutthepersonyou’remeeting,andthusitdoesn’tgiveyourbrainanythingtoclingto.“Humanmemoryisverygoodatthingslikefacesandfactualinformationthatconnectswelltootherinformationyoualreadyknow,”Rebersaid.Thenameendsupneitherconnectingtowhatyoualreadyknownorstandingoutasunusual,”Rebersaid.“Soyougetthisfunnyphenomenonwhereyoucanrememberlotsaboutapersonyourecentlymet—everythingexcepttheirname(thishappenstomeallthetime).”

1.Theauthorpointsoutinthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（）.

2.AccordingtoRichardHarris,howwellwerememberanameisrelatedto（）.

3.WhatistheproblemmentionedinParagraph5?

4.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph6thatnamesare（）.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.wewanttoknowhowtorememberotherpeople’sname

B.weoftenfeelsorryforforgettingotherpeople’sname

C.itisimportanttorememberotherpeople’sname

D.itisjustcommontoforgetotherpeople’sname

问题2选项

A.whetheritisnecessarytodoit

B.whetherthenameiseasytoremember

C.howgoodourmemoryis

D.howinterestedweareinthatperson

问题3选项

A.Limitofworkingmemory.

B.Confusinginformation.

C.Malfunctionofthebrain.

D.Toomuchinformation.

问题4选项

A.symbolic

B.pointless

C.unique

D.informative

问题5选项

A.What’sinaname?

B.What’syourname,again?

C.Don’tforgetmyname

D.That’smyname

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。前两段作者根据自己的亲身经历讲述我们经常忘记别人的名字。该题的解题关键在于要联系上下文，第三段说道“Thereareafewreasonswhythisoccurs:

（出现这种情况有以下几个原因：）”，那么最能承接这句话的就是正确答案。A选项“我们想知道如何记住别人的名字”；B选项“我们常常因为忘记了别人的名字而感到抱歉”；C选项“记住别人的名字是很重要的”都和下文联系不大，所以D选项“忘记别人的名字是很正常的”正确。

2.事实细节题。第四段中指出“Yourlevelofinterestcanimpacthowwellyouremembersomething.（你的兴趣程度会影响你记忆的好坏。）”，RichardHarris的研究指出也表明“Somepeople,perhapsthosewhoaremoresociallyaware,arejustmoreinterestedinpeople,moreinterestedinrelationships（有些人可能更有社会意识，对人更感兴趣，对人际关系更感兴趣。）”，A选项“是否有必要做这件事”；B选项“名字是否容易被记住”；C选项“我们的记忆力有多好”都与原文不符，因此D选项“我们对那个人有多感兴趣”正确。

3.推理判断题。第五段主要讲了短时记忆即工作记忆的缺点。“Theshort-termvarietyiscalled‘workingmemory’,anditfunctionslikeaveryleakythermos.Itdoesn’tholdmuchanditspillsstuffoutallthetime.（短期记忆被称为‘工作记忆’，它的功能就像一个漏水的保温瓶。它装不了多少东西，还总是把东西倒出来。）”。B选项“混乱的信息”；C选项“大脑功能障碍”；D选项“太多的信息”都不符合段意，因此A选项“工作记忆的限制”正确。

4.事实细节题。第六段说到“There’snotmuchinaname,frankly.Itdoesn’tactuallytellyouanythingaboutthepersonyou’remeeting,andthusitdoesn’tgiveyourbrainanythingtoclingto.（坦白地说，名字里并没有什么。它实际上并没有告诉你任何关于你要见的人的信息，因此它也没有给你的大脑任何依附的东西。）”，由此可看出名字是没有什么实际意义的。A选项“符号”；C选项“独特的”；D选项“信息量大的”都不符合原文，因此B选项“没有意义的”正确。

5.主旨大意题。由文章第一段可知我们经常忘记别人的名字，文章后面几段在阐述为什么会有这种现象。所以B选项“请再说一遍你的名字好吗？”更加符合文章主旨大意。A选项“名字里有什么”；C选项“别忘了我的名字”；D选项“那是我的名字”都没有B选项适合。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement:thatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievements,suchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（

）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（

）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（

）.

问题1选项

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

问题3选项

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

问题4选项

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

问题5选项

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第三句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人们可能没办法生存：既不知道何为欢喜和快乐，也不知道何为焦虑和恐惧，他们可能重复做出伤害性的行为，就像重复有益的行为一样。”由此可知如果人们生存在一个没有情感的世界里，因为对于自身行为的性质没办法区别，所以会导致自己很难生存。故正确答案选B。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段第四句“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他们不会学习：他们不能从经验中受益，因为这个无情感的世界缺乏奖励和惩罚”，由此可知，没有情感的世界，对于人们的学习活动不存在激励，没有奖励和惩罚的机制。反之，人们能够进行学习活动主要也是因为奖励和惩罚机制的存在。故正确答案选C。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段结尾“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork…Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社会经济的基础将被摧毁，既然挣100万美元不会比挣10美元更让人愉快，工作就会失去动力……正如我们看到的，激励意味着享受它们的能力。”根据题干中关键词foundation可以对应定位到上文“underpinnings基础，支柱”，由此可知社会经济的基础是建立在人们享受激励的能力上的。故正确答案选C。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第二段第一句提到了“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.在这样一个世界里，人类生存下来的可能性几乎为零，因为情感是我们生存和适应的基本工具。情绪以重要的方式为我们构建世界。”然后就举例具体阐述了情绪是如何具体影响我们的生存和适应身边事物的。其中第六句“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement…从我们对事物和事件的情感体验中，产生一种社会共识”，这也就解释了本段第一句中所强调的情感对于生存和发展的重要性，所以正确答案选B。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段“Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.诚然，我们会考虑物体的长度、形状、大小或质地，但是，比起它对我们所做的，能做的事情，给我们带来的伤害，惊讶，愤怒或者欢乐，事物的物质方面没有那么重要。”本句话提到事物的情感方面比物质方面重要的具体表现。结合上下文，我们使用情感来分类事物，也就是通过情感，我们适应周围的世界。由此推断，选项D为符合题意的最佳答案。

9.单选题

Inthislaw,______,“state”meansaterritoryorgroupofterritorieshavingitsownlawofnationality.

问题1选项

A.otherwisethecontextrequires

B.unlessthecontextrequires

C.thecontextotherwise

D.unlessthecontextotherwiserequires

【答案】D

【解析】考查连词