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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川工业科技学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.不定项选择题

Whathappensifpeopledonottakeintoaccountthecultureofthecountriestheyaredealingwith?Herearesomeexamples.

Mr.Byrdwashiredbyawell-knownAmericancorporationtobeits“maninRiyadh”,SaudiArabia.HewenttothehomeofaSaudi,Mr.Fouad,totrytointeresthiminparticipatinginalocaljointventurewithhiscompany.Asthiswasafirstmeeting,themen’sconversationbeganwith“Howareyoudoing?How’syourfamily?Andhowisyourfather?”thatmadeMr.Byrdalittleimpatient.Mr.Byrd,familiarwiththeseobligatoryformalitiesofgreeting,answered“Fine,myfather,yes,well,heisfine.IsawhimafewmonthsagoduringChristmaswhenwetookhimoutofthenursinghomeforafewdays.”

Fromthatpointeverythingfrozeup.Mr.Byrd’smissionwascompletelyderailedbecausewhileMr.Fouadremainedgraciousenough,hewasobviouslyuninterestedindoinganybusinesswithMr.Byrd.

TheAmericanwasatalossanddidn’tknowwhathe’ddonewrong.Infacttheproblemwithhimisthathedidnotunderstandthefamilycultureinthispartoftheworld.ItwouldhavebeeninconceivablefortheSauditohaveplacedhisfatherinthecareofstrangers.Mr.FouadthusfeltthathecouldnottrustMr.Byrdasabusinesspartner.

Anotherexample,JimTurnerwasattendingaconferenceinLyon.ThiswasnothisfirsttriptoFrance,andhewaspleasedsomeoftheFrenchcolleagueshe’dmetpreviouslyrememberedhim.Oneeveningtheyinvitedhimalongfordinner.Shortlyafterthefoodwasserved,theybeganjokingaboutthequalityofthefood.Thatsurprisedhim.Hethoughtthefoodwasreallyrathergoodandsaidso,expectingthediscussiontocontinue.Buttohisgreatdiscomfort,theythenmadesomejokeabout“foodandAmericans”andchangedthesubject.Hefeltsomewhatexcludedanddidn’tknowwhathe’ddonewrong.

Interpretation:TheFrenchtakegreatprideintheirfoodandwineandforeignersshouldbeveryprudentaboutpassingjudgmentonthequalityofthefood.Inthiscase,theFrenchmenobviouslythoughtthatthefoodattherestaurantdidnotwarrantsuchpraise,andintheirview,theAmericanrevealedhislackoftaste.

1.Mr.ByrdtriedtopersuadeMr.Fouadto________.

2.TheconversationbetweenMr.ByrdandMr.Fouad________.

3.Mr.Byrd’sproblemliesinthathe________.

4.JimTurnerpraisedthefoodbecause________.

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethatwhendoingbusinessabroad________.

问题1选项

A.joinhiscompanyasthelegaladviser

B.investinhiscompanyasalocalpartner

C.workinhiscompanyasthelocalmanager

D.cooperatewithhiscompanyasthelocaldealer

问题2选项

A.beganwithsmalltalk

B.wentdirectlytobusiness

C.deepenedtheirfriendship

D.endedupinaquarrel

问题3选项

A.wasnotfamiliarwithSaudiArabianwayoftalking

B.wasnotgoodattheartoftalkingwithastranger

C.didnotknowMr.Fouad’spersonalityandinterests

D.didnotrealizetheimportanceoffamilyinSaudiArabia

问题4选项

A.hetriedtopleasethehosts

B.itwassociallynecessary

C.hetrulyenjoyedthefood

D.itwaspartofthetablemanners

问题5选项

A.sincerityisthekeytosuccess

B.itisessentialtounderstandculturaldifferences

C.oneshouldbecarefulinmakingjudgment

D.itisnecessarytocreateawin-winsituation

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由题干人名Mr.Byrd和Mr.Fouad定位到文章第二段第二句HewenttothehomeofaSaudi,Mr.Fouad,totrytointeresthiminparticipatinginalocaljointventurewithhiscompany.(他(指Mr.Byrd)到一个叫Mr.Fouad的沙特人的家里,试图吸引他,让他对与自己公司一起在当地建立一家合资公司产生兴趣)。由此可知Mr.Byrd去的目的是让Mr.Fouad成为自己公司的地区合伙人,所以答案选B选项“投资自己公司成为地区合伙人”,而不是A选项“做该公司地区法律顾问”,C选项“成为该公司地区经理”或者D选项“与他合作,说服他成为地区经销商”。

第2题:事实细节题。由conversation我们可以对应到文中提到的两个人之间的谈话内容,即第二段第三句Asthiswasafirstmeeting,themen’sconversationbeganwith“Howareyoudoing?How’syourfamily?Andhowisyourfather?”thatmadeMr.Byrdalittleimpatient.(在第一次会面的时候,两人之间的谈话是以“你最近怎么样?你家人怎么样?你爸爸近来可好?”,这些对话使得拜德先生变得有点不耐烦。)从这句话可知,两人的对话没有开门见山直接谈生意而是从一些日常小事开始的,所以B选项“直入主题”错误,A选项“从无关紧要的对话开始”正确。我们再定位到第三段第二句话Mr.Byrd’smissionwascompletelyderailedbecausewhileMr.Fouadremainedgraciousenough,hewasobviouslyuninterestedindoinganybusinesswithMr.Byrd.(拜德先生的任务完全失败了因为尽管福德先生仍然保持着风度,但是很显然他对和拜德先生做生意这件事已经没有任何兴趣了)。从这句话我们可以知道这次谈话失败了,福德先生对拜德先生不是很满意,所以并没有增加他们之间的友谊,因而C选项“加深了他们之间的友谊”排除,而且从remaingracious这个短语来看,福德先生保持着风度的,所以D选项“以争吵结束”错误。

第3题:事实细节题。根据题干我们定位到第三段第三、四句话TheAmericanwasatalossanddidn’tknowwhathe’ddonewrong.Infacttheproblemwithhimisthathedidnotunderstandthefamilycultureinthispartoftheworld.(这个美国人非常迷茫,不知道那里做错了。事实上问题在于他并不理解这个地区的家庭文化),由此我们答案选D选项“没有意识到家庭对于沙特人的重要性”。A选项“不熟悉沙特阿拉伯人的谈话方式”;B选项“不善于和陌生人谈话”;C选项“不知道福德先生的性格和兴趣”;这三点文章中都没有提及,所以答案选D。

第4题:事实细节题。由题干我们可以定位到第四段第六句话Hethoughtthefoodwasreallyrathergoodandsaidso(他觉得食物非常不错而且也是这样说的),由此可知Jim夸赞食物的原因是因为他真心觉得好吃,并不是A选项“为了取悦主人”;B选项“为了社交需求”;D选项“或者是出于餐桌礼仪”。所以答案应该选C选项“他真的觉得食物好吃”。

第5题:主旨大意题。从conclude(总结)这个词可知,这道题是选贴近文章主题的。A选项“真诚是成功的关键”,B选项“了解文化差异是必要的”,C选项“一个人应该谨慎地作出判断”,D选项“营造双赢环境是非常必要的”。整篇文章主要是讲了两个例子,都是关于主人公因为没有注意到文化差异,一个造成生意没谈成,一个造成不能融入集体。和真诚、谨慎,还有双赢这三个话题没有关系,所以答案要选择B。

2.单选题

Whenworkersareorganizedintradeunions,employersfindithardtolaythem________.

问题1选项

A.off

B.aside

C.out

D.down

【答案】A

【解析】考查关于lay的词组。A选项layoff“解雇”;B选项layaside“搁置,留存”;C选项layout“展示,安排,花钱”;D选项laydown“制定,放下”。句意:当工人们组成工会后,雇佣者会发现很难把他们()。这道题考查关于lay的词组。雇佣者和工人之间的关系显然是雇佣关系,所以选项A更加符合句意。

3.填空题

Onceinsidethevirtualclassroom,youhaveaccesstoachatfeature,an________whiteboardandavideowindowwheretheycanseeandhearthetutorinlivevideoandaudio.(interact)

【答案】interactive

【解析】【考查点】形容词。

【解题思路】横线部分和white修饰board,指的是用来上课的交互式白板,interactive意思为“交互式的”,符合语境。

【句意】一旦进入虚拟教室,你就可以使用聊天功能、交互式白板和视频窗口,学生就可以看到导师的实时视频,听到音频。

4.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed50minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan300wordsunderthetitleof“AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofDoingResearchOnline.”Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutline:

1)Presentsituationaboutdoingresearchonline;

2)Advantagesforonlineresearch;

3)Disadvantagesforonlineresearch.

【答案】

AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofDoingResearchOnline5.单选题

Beforewemove,weshould(

)someoftheoldfurniture,sothatwecanhavemoreroominthenewhouse.

问题1选项

A.cancel

B.conceal

C.discard

D.retain

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。cancel“取消”;conceal“隐藏”;discard“丢弃”;retain“保持”。句意:我们搬家前,我们应该丢弃一些老家具,以便于我们能够为新房子腾出更多空间。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Thesoldier’sfacewasbadlyburnedinthefireoutbreakofadepartmentstoreandhehadtohaveskin(

).

问题1选项

A.transverse

B.transplanted

C.transcended

D.transferred

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】动词辨析题。A选项transverse“横向的、横切的”;B选项transplant“移植;迁移”;C选项transcend“胜过、超越”;D选项transfer“使转移、调任”。句子由and连接两个简单句,前半句意思是“士兵的脸在百货公司发生的火灾中严重烧伤”,再根据havesth.done的结构,推断空格部分单词要填过去分词形式。所以由后面关键词“skin皮肤”可知空格部分单词意思为“移植……”,句意为:士兵的脸在百货公司发生的火灾中严重烧伤,需要植皮。故正确答案选B。

7.单选题

Theorganizationissueacryofalarmlastweekciting“______evidence”thatthosechildrenarenotreceivingthesamequalityofeducationastheirricherpeers.

问题1选项

A.comparing

B.completing

C.compelling

D.composing

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项comparing“比较”;B选项completing“完整”;C选项compelling“令人信服的,引人注目的”;D选项composing“组成;创作;起镇静作用的”。句意:该组织在上周发出了警告,称有令人信服的证据表明,这些孩子没有得到与富裕孩子同等的教育。根据语境,C选项compelling“令人信服的,引人注目的”搭配evidence“证据”比较合理,符合题意。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Itisnotuncommonforthere______problemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.

问题1选项

A.being

B.wouldbe

C.be

D.tobe

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:年轻一代与老一代之间的交流存在问题,这种情况非常罕见。此处是therebe句型,根据句子结构,可知此处并不缺少谓语动词,因而只能使用非谓语动词,选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto(

)theweeklystaffmeeting.

问题1选项

A.preside

B.introduce

C.chair

D.dominate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“管理;主持(常与over搭配)”;B选项introduce“介绍;引进;提出”;C选项chair“担任主席;主持;使……入座”;D选项dominate“控制;支配;占优势”。句意:由于经理出差去了,我被邀请……每周员工会议。此处应表示“主持会议”,A选项preside应与over搭配才表示“主持”,只有C选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Afewcommonmisconceptions:Beautyisonlyskin-deep.One’sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon’tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.

Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnot-so-beautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:Looksdomatter,morethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirparents,soughtoutasfriends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelytobehired,paidwell,andpromoted.

Onceagain,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpieties(虔诚)whileactingjustthecontrary.Theirtypicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup-collegestudents,orteachersorcorporatepersonnelmangers—apieceofpaperrelatinganindividual’saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractiveperson,someanaverage-lookingcharacter,andsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.

Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,whatisbeautifulisgood.

Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessor,whoisanauthorityonthesubject,explains:Intermsoftheircareers,theimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendous,makingiteasier,forexample,forthemoreattractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernote,though,thereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractivewomenwhoaspire(追求)tomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.

1.Accordingtothepassage,peopleoftenwronglybelievethatinpursuingacareerasamanager_______.

2.Theresultofresearchcarriedoutbysocialscientistsshowthat______.

3.Experimentsbyscientistshaveshownthatwhenpeopleevaluateindividualsoncertainattributes________.

4.“Goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen”(Line1,Para.5)meansthat______.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinthebusinessworld______.

问题1选项

A.aperson’spropertyordebtsdonotmattermuch

B.aperson’soutwardappearanceisnotacriticalqualification

C.womenshouldalwaysdressfashionably

D.womenshouldnotonlybeattractivebutalsohigh-minded

问题2选项

A.peopledonotrealizetheimportanceoflookingone’sbest

B.womeninpursuitofmanagerialjobsarenotlikelytobepaidwell

C.good-lookingwomenaspiretomanagerialpositions

D.attractivepeoplegenerallyhaveanadvantageoverthosewhoarenot

问题3选项

A.theyobservetheprinciplethatbeautyisonlyskin-deep

B.theydonotusuallyactaccordingtotheviewstheysupport

C.theygiveordinary-lookingpersonsthelowestratings

D.theytendtobasetheirjudgmentontheindividual’saccomplishments

问题4选项

A.attractivewomenhavetremendouspotentialimpactonpublicjobs

B.good-lookingwomenalwaysgetthebestofeverything

C.beingattractiveisnotalwaysanadvantageforwomen

D.attractivewomendonotdoaswellasunattractivewomeninmanagerialpositions

问题5选项

A.handsomemenarenotaffectedasmuchbytheirlooksasattractivewomenare

B.physicallyattractivewomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallydoquitewell

C.physicallyattractivemenandwomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallygetalongquitewell

D.goodlooksareimportantforwomenastheyareformen

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段,“Afewcommonmisconceptions:Beautyisonlyskin-deep.”,可知很多人误解地认为美是肤浅的。后一句“Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.”,说明女性应该让自己看起来最好才是作者想要表达的正确观点。选项B符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第四段,“…thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.”,照片上的人越漂亮,评价就越高,说明外貌是一个优势。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据第三段,“thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpietieswhileactingjustthecontrary.”,说明我们嘴上说着虔诚的话,但是实际行动却是相反的,也就是不会根据自己支持的观点行事。选项B符合题意。

4.语义题。根据文章第五段,“…womenwhoaspiretomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.”说明有足够的研究表明外表有吸引力的女性不如外表没有吸引力的女性工作那么出色。所以外表并不总是能带来优势。选项C符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章最后一段,“Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.”,说明在事业中,外貌的吸引力对女性的影响大于男性。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Thefactoryoperated(

)untiltheorderwasfilled.

问题1选项

A.attimes

B.totheminute

C.daybyday

D.aroundtheclock

【答案】D

【解析】句意:工厂昼夜不停地运行直到订单满额。

考查短语辨析。attimes有时,偶尔;totheminute准时;daybyday每一天;aroundtheclock昼夜不停地。根据后半句句意“知道订单满额”推测D符合句意。

12.单选题

Finally,Emily(

)divorce,sayingthatherhusbandabusedherphysicallyandpsychologically.

问题1选项

A.filledinfor

B.filedfor

C.suedfor

D.appliedfor

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项fillinfor“代替,占据别人位置”;B选项filefor“申请”,主要用于申请事业单位工作;C选项suefor“控告”,表示就某事提出诉讼;D选项applyfor“申请,提出申请”。由关键词“divorce离婚”,可知空格部分意思可能为“提出控告,控诉”,句意为:最后艾米丽提出离婚诉讼,称她的丈夫对她在身体上和心理上实施家庭暴力。选项C与其意思接近。

13.单选题

Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir______.

问题1选项

A.backs

B.necks

C.toes

D.heels

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.backs(人体或动物的)背部,背B.necks颈,脖子

C.toes脚趾D.heels足跟,脚后跟

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意“小偷逃跑了,当地警察______”可知,警察对小偷是紧跟不舍,根据close可以推知空格处表示“紧跟”的意思,而onone’sheels也是常用搭配,表示“紧跟”,所以该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A、B项不符合句意;

C选项“toes”构成固定搭配onone’stoes“警觉的;作好行动准备的”不符合句子逻辑关系,排除。

【句意】小偷逃跑了,当地警察紧追不舍。

14.单选题

Getupearlyandruneveryday.Youwill______alotfromit.

问题1选项

A.receive

B.make

C.benefit

D.win

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项receive“收到”;B选项make“制造,做,组装”;C选项benefit“对(某人)有用,使受益”;D选项win“(在比赛、赛跑、战斗等中)获胜,赢”。句意:每天早起跑步。你会从中______良多。根据语境,这里指的是早起跑步会带来很多好处,C选项benefit“使受益”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

Itisnowbelievedthatthedramaticchangesinfamilystructure,thoughregrettable,areimpossibletoreverse.

问题1选项

A.sensational

B.emotional

C.horrible

D.striking

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sensational“轰动的;耸人听闻的;非常好的;使人感动的”;B选项emotional“情绪的;易激动的;感动人的”;C选项horrible“可怕的;极讨厌的”;D选项striking“显著的,突出的,惊人的;打击的;罢工的”。句意:人们现在认为,家庭结构的显著变化虽然令人遗憾,但是不可能逆转的。本句关键词dramatic表示“巨大的;急剧的;引人注目的;令人激动的;戏剧的”,在句中可和striking(显著的)做同义替换;因此D选项正确。

16.单选题

Theprisoner()ameansofescapefromprison.

问题1选项

A.contrived

B.conspired

C.intrigued

D.plotted

【答案】D

【解析】contrive设计,谋划;conspire共谋,协力;intrigue用诡计取得;plot密谋。选项A强调设法得到;选项B强调两个人合作;选项C强调用诡计取得;选项D强调秘密的筹划。所以选项D更符合语境。

17.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

他曾在许多著名的美术家门下学习。这些美术家中的一些渴望描述社会下层居民的生活。

只有通过这些科目考试的人才能担任政府官员。

有证据证明黑猩猩(chimpanzee)过着一种复杂的社会生活,但具体的细节尚不清楚。

人们抱着一夜暴富的心理借钱赌牌。

肥沃的土地和丰富的植物提供了丰富的粮食,维护了社会的稳定。

【答案】Hewasoncelearnedfrommanyfamousartists,someofwhomdesiredtodescribelivesofpeoplefromthelowerclass.

Onlypeoplewhopasstheseexamscanbecomegovernmentofficials.

Evidenceshowsthatchimpanzeesliveacomplexsociallife,butsomespecificdetailsarestillnotclear.

Peopleborrowmoneytogamblewiththethoughtofbecomingrichovernight.

Fertilesoilandabundantplantsprovideusenoughfoodandsustainthesociety'sstability.

18.单选题

In1636Rembrandtbegantodepictquieter,morecontemplativesceneswithanewwarmthincolor.

问题1选项

A.impressive

B.magnificent

C.inspiring

D.thoughtful

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。contemplative表示“沉思的,冥想的,默想的”;A项impressive“感人的,令人钦佩的,给人以深刻印象的”,B项magnificent“高尚的,壮丽的,华丽的”,C项inspiring“鼓舞人心的,启发灵感的”,D项thoughtful“深思的,体贴的,关切的”。句意:1636年,伦勃朗开始用一种新的温暖色彩来描绘更安静、更发人深省的场景。因此,根据句意可知D选项正确。

19.不定项选择题

Theideahasreignedforyearsthattheagingbrain’sneuronsdieoffbyasmanyas100,000aday—takingwiththemlife’scherishedmemories.But,infactneuron-biologistssuchasAlanPetersofBostonUniversityhaveshowninrecentstudiesthat,whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.

What’smore,sayneuroscientists,it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.So,justasrunningthelatestsoftwareprogramonanoldcomputerwilltakemoretimeandmayinvolvesometrouble,onecarstillpossessafirst-rateintelligencewhilelosingsomecognitivespeedlaterinlife.

Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.

Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.Nexttodropis“verbalmemoryafterdelay”—rememberingdetailsofastoryafterhavingturnedattentiontoothertasks.Butsomementalskills,suchastheabilitytoconcentrateorcalculatemath,seemtoremainsturdylongintooldage.And“procedural”memory—howtoplaygolforrideabike—isusuallynottouchedbyaging.

Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.NeurologistsatHarvardarefindingthat,laterinlife,thebrainoftenproduceslessacetylcholine(乙酰胆碱),aneurotransmitterinvolvedinmemory.Tentativeresultssuggestthatdrugscouldmimicthemissingchemical.Atleastadozenothersubstancesarealsobeingstudiedaspotentialmemoryboosters.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whenweareold________.

2.Accordingtotheneuroscientists,theinformationinourmind________.

3.Theneuroscientistscompareourbrainwithcomputertoshowthat________.

4.Accordingtothepassage,atwhatagedoourbrainsworkbest?

5.Whatmighthappenwhenweareinour50s?

6.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.ourbrainneuronsdieoffveryquickly

B.ourbrainneuronsdonotdieatall

C.ourbrainneuronsmaybecomesmaller

D.ourbrainneuronstakeawayourcherishedmemories

问题2选项

A.iseasytobelostatoldages

B.doesnotchangeatoldages

C.wearsouteasilywithage

D.canbemorecomplicatedatoldages

问题3选项

A.whenpeoplegetold,theirbrainsworkslowlyasoldmachines

B.humanbeingsareasintelligentascomputers

C.thestructureofourbrainsisverycomplicated

D.agreatdealofinformationcanbestoredinourbrains

问题4选项

A.Whenweareyoungerthanthirty.

B.Whenweareaboutforty.

C.Whenweareoverfifty.

D.Whenweareveryold.

问题5选项

A.Webegintoforgetwherewehaveputourthings.

B.Webegintohavedifficultyinexplainingwhytwothingsarealike.

C.Webegintoforgetthemessagethatwehavebeentold.

D.Webegintoforgethowtooperateamachine.

问题6选项

A.HowToKeepOurMemoriesAtOldAges

B.MemoriesGoesFirstWhenWeAreOld

C.ExploringTheMythOfOurMemory

D.HowToStayMentallyAlert

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:C

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句...whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.(……虽然我们的脑细胞会在晚年萎缩,但是并不会出现大量死亡的现象)从这句可知脑细胞不会很快速地死亡,也不是不会死亡只是小范围地死亡,所以A选项“我们的脑细胞会很快的死亡”和B选项“我们的脑细胞完全不会死亡”错误;D选项“我们的脑细胞带走珍贵的会议”不符合逻辑,因为是脑细胞的死亡才会造成记忆缺失并不是脑细胞带走我们的记忆。萎缩的细胞会要比普通细胞小。所以答案是C选项“我们的脑细胞可能会变小”。

第2题:事实细节题。从题干定位到第二段倒数第二三句话Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.(大脑的“软件”——一生中装满了大脑的实际信息——并不一定会退化。如果要说有什么的话,那就是它(脑细胞)变得更加复杂了)从这句话可知储存着大脑信息的“软件”不会退化,所以“软件”里面的信息也不会轻易丢失,A选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候容易忘记”;B选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候也不会改变”C选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候容易磨损”错误;D选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候会变得复杂”正确。

第3题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段前面三句话it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.(主要是大脑的“硬件”——数十亿充当处理设备的像电话线一样的连接和继电器开关(的细胞)——很容易随着年龄的增长而磨损。大脑的“软件”——在一生中装满了大脑的实际信息——并不一定会退化。如果要说有什么的话,那就是它(脑细胞)变得更加复杂了。)随着年龄的增长脑细胞里储藏的信息变得复杂了,但是处理信息的细胞却随着年龄的增长老化,这一现象就很像一台旧电脑运行着最新的软件,所以A选项“当人们变老之后,我们大脑的工作会如同一台旧电脑般运行得缓慢”正确。B选项“人类像电脑一样聪明”,这个说法不符合我们生活逻辑;C选项“我们大脑结构非常复杂”和D选项“大量信息可以储存在我们脑海中”文章没有提及。

第4题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.(鲍威尔和其他生物学家说,当脑力达到顶峰时,记忆力并不是最先消失的。(最先消失的)通常是大脑理解空间关系的能力——看地图或在商场里找到你的车——在你40多岁的时候,这可能开始变得困难。)从beginto(开始)这个关键词可知40岁的时候,我们的大脑开始走下坡路了,所以40岁时,我们大脑就处于巅峰状态,因而答案选B。

第5题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第四段第二句话Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.(十年后,进行类比所需要的抽象推理能力下降了。)分析两件事的异同需要我们的抽象逻辑能力,所以B选项“我们解释某两件事的相似之处开始变得困难”正确,定位到最后一段第一句话Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.(然而,即使是“普通的”失忆也不应该被视为正常。它是可以治疗的。)失忆不是正常现象而且是可以治愈的,而A选项“我们开始忘记把东西放哪了”,C选项“我们开始忘记别人告诉我们的信息”,D选项“我们开始忘记怎么操作机械了”,这些都是关于失忆的现象的,所以A,C,D不选。

第6题:主旨大意题。文章全文都是在客观地描述我们脑细胞随着年龄的增长会出现什么情况,没有告诉我们应该去什么措施,所以A选项“怎么在老年的时候保持记忆”,以及D选项“怎样保持机警”不选。B选项“当我们老了,记忆排在第一位”虽然文中有提及,但是不是主题,而且这句话和文章内容相对的,所以排除。文章内容是根据记忆来展开的,第一段以人们的错觉开头,然后介绍了生物学家相关的实验验证脑细胞和记忆的关系,然后描述随着年龄的增长,记忆出现什么样的情况,所以答案选C选项“探寻我们记忆之谜”。

20.单选题

Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories.VittorioColao,thebossofVodafone,whichoperatesorpartiallyownsnetworksin31countries,arguesthatthefarthersouthyougo,themorepeopleusetheirphones,evenpasttheequator:wherelifeislessorganizedpeopleneedatool,forexampletorejigappointments."Cultureinfluencesthelifestyle,andthelifestyleinfluencesthewaywecommunicate."hesays,"Ifyoudon'tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone."

Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused.Forinstance,incountrieswheremanypeoplehaveholidayhomestheyaremorelikelytogiveoutamobilenumber,whichthenbecomesthedefaultwheretheycanbereached,thusunderminingtheuseoffixed-linephones.Technologiesarealways"bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturalcontexts,"writesMizukoIto,ananthropologistattheUniversityofCaliforniainIrvine,whohasco-editedabookonJapan’smobile-phonesubculture.

Indeed,Japanisgoodexampleofhowsuchsubculturescomeabout.Inthe1990sAmericansandScandinavianswereearlyadoptersofmobilephones.ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileinternet.ForsometimeWired,amagazinefortechnologylovers,ranacolumncalled"Japaneseschoolgirlwatch",servingreaderswithastreamofmobileoddities.TheimplicationwasthatwhatJapaneseschoolgirlsdidoneday,everyoneelsewoulddothenext.

Thecountry'smobileboomwasarguablyencouragedbyunderlyingsocialconditions.Mostteenagershadlongusedpagerstokeepintouch.In1999NTT,Japan'sdominantoperator,launchedi-mode,aplatformformobile-internetservices.Itallowedcheape-mailsbetweennetworksandtheJapanesepromptlysignedupindrovesformobileinternet.MsItoalsopointsoutthatJapanisacrowdedplacewithlotsofrules.Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversationsandtalkingonthephoneinpublicisfrownedupon,ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices.

ThebestwaytograspJapan'smobilecultureistotakeacrowdedcommutertrain.Thereareplentyofsignsadvisingyounottouseyourphone.Everyfewminutesannouncementsaremadetothesameeffect.Ityoudotakeacall,youriskmorethandisapprovinggazes.Passengersmayappealtoaguardwhowillquietlybutfirmlyexplain:"damedesu"—it'snotallowed.Somestudiessuggestthattalkingonamobilephoneonatrainisseenasworsethaninatheatre.Instead,hushedpassengerstypeawayontheirhandsetsorreadmobile-phonenovels(writtenJapaneseallowsmoreinformationtobedisplayedonasmallscreenthanlanguagesthatusetheRomanalphabet).

1.Accordingtothepassage,anItalianpersonwouldleavehisphoneoninameetingforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.TheauthorsuggeststhatJapanleadstheworldinthemobile-phonecultureinthat(

).

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheJapaneseteenagersarefondofthemobiledataservicesbecause

).

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage,basedonitscontent?

问题1选项

A.Heisafraidofmissingabusinessopportunity.

B.Hisfamilymembersmaycallhiminemergency.

C.Hethinksitisrudetoleaveacallunanswered.

D.Heneedstogetpostedaboutthelatestchangeintheworkschedule.

问题2选项

A.Howweuseourphonesreflectwherewelive.

B.Technologiesdeterminethewaywecommunicate.

C.Cultureinfluencesthedevelopmentoftechnologies.

D.Socialconditionsdictatethemobilefuture.

问题3选项

A.theJapanesearetheearliestmobilephoneusers

B.theJapanesearethechattiestmobilephoneusers

C.theJapaneseusemobileinternetearlyon

D.Japanprovidesthebestmobilephoneservices

问题4选项

A.theyliketoplayelectronicgames

B.theyliketotalktotheirfriendsonthephone

C.theycanreadnovelsonthephone

D.theycancommunicatewiththeirfriendsmoreconveniently

问题5选项

A.theJapanesephoneculture

B.cultureandtechnology

C.allalike,alldifferent

D.handy,ifyouarethrifty

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段最后一句提到“Ifyoudon'tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone.”如果你在意大利开会时没有开手机,你可能会错过下一个会议。因此A选项“他担心错过商机”与工作商务有关,符合题意。B选项“他的家人可能会在紧急情况下打电话给他”;C选项“他认为不回复手机来电是不礼貌的”;D选项“他需要及时获知工作日程的最新变化”。

2.推理判断题。文章第三段提到“Technologiesarealways"bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturalcontexts,"”技术始终是有建设性的,且由历史、社会和文化背景构成。因为C选项“文化影响技术的发展”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第三段提到“ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileinternet.”但在接下来的十年中,考虑到日本早期对移动互联网的接受,它被广泛视为移动未来的模式

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