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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-忻州职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Heknewthathehadonemoredutytoperformbeforeheallowedhimselftosuccumbtohis______forrest.

问题1选项

A.orientation

B.disgust

C.craving

D.objection

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.orientation方向;目标B.disgust厌恶;憎恶

C.craving强烈的愿望;渴望D.objection反对的理由;反对

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】按照句意“他知道在他屈服于对休息的______之前,他还有一个任务要完成”可推知,______forrest应该是指对休息的强烈渴望,故该题选择C项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】他知道在他屈服于对休息的渴望之前,他还有一个任务要完成。

2.单选题

Hisstatementstodayare()whathesaidyesterday.

问题1选项

A.infavorwith

B.incontradictionwith

C.incontactwith

D.inleaguewith

【答案】B

【解析】词组辨析。Infavorwith“受……好评”;incontradictionwith“与……相抵触”;incontactwith“与……有联系”;inleaguewith“与……联合”。句意:他今天的陈述与昨天的话语相抵触。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Foodistotheblood______readingistothemind.

问题1选项

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。本题考查的句型是:AistoBwhatCistoD=AistoBjustasCistoD。意为“A对于B正如C对于D一样”,如:Peopleistothearmywhatwateristofish.句意:食物之于血液,犹如读书之于心灵。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher,thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspump.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.

IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Whatdothefirstexperimentsmentionedinparagraphoneprove?

3.Howdobotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants'?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

问题1选项

A.Whatistheeffectofatmospherepressureonfoliage?

B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?

C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?

D.Whyisrootpressureweak?

问题2选项

A.Plantstemsdiewhendeprivedofwater

B.Cellsinplantstemsdonotpumpwater

C.Plantscannotmovewatertohighaltitudes

D.Plantcellsregulatepressurewithinstems

问题3选项

A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure

B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.

C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.

D.Waterinplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.

问题4选项

A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees

B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps

C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees

D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘这篇文章回答了下列哪个问题?’根据第二段第一句中“IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?如果水不是被泵到高树的树顶,也不是被推到树顶,那么我们会问:它是怎样到达树顶的呢?”以及第二段第二句‘Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.’最近公认的内聚压力理论解答了“水移动到树顶端的原因。”确定C选项“水如何到达树的顶端”正确。

2.推理判断题。题目提问‘第一段中提到的第一个实验证明了什么?’根据第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但许多实验表明,在杀死所有细胞的植物茎干中,水仍然可以移动到相当高的高度。”确定B选项“植物的茎的细胞不能抽水”正确。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘植物学家是如何知道根压并不是推动植物水分流动的唯一力量的?’根据第一段中“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.但根压完全不足以将水推到树顶。此外,作为最高树木之一的针叶树,其根压也低得异乎寻常。”确定A选项“一些非常高的树木有微弱的压力”正确。

4.推理判断题。题目提问‘这篇文章支持下列哪个陈述?’根据第二段中“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.根据目前为人们所接受的内聚压力的理论,水是被拉到上面去的。”确定D选项“植物学家已经改变他们有关水在植物中移动的理论”正确;也由此知A选项“水是被推到树的顶端的”和C选项“大气压力把水吸到高大树木的顶端”不正确,排除;根据第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但许多实验表明,在杀死所有细胞的植物茎干中,水仍然可以移动到相当高的高度。”确定B选项“植物学家己经证明活细胞能充当泵”不正确。

5.单选题

Whatisitthatbringsaboutsuchanintimateconnectionbetweenlanguageandthinking?Istherenothinkingwithouttheuseoflanguage,namelyinconceptsandconcept-combinationsforwhichwordsneednotnecessarilycometomind?Hasnoteveryoneofusstruggledforwordsalthoughtheconnectionbetween“thing”wasalreadyclear?

Wemightbeinclinedtoattributetotheactofthinkingcompleteindependencefromlanguageiftheindividualformedorwereabletoformhisconceptswithouttheverbalguidanceofhisenvironment.Yetmostlikelythementalshapeofanindividualgrowingupundersuchconditions,wouldbeverypoor.Thuswemayconcludethatthementaldevelopmentoftheindividualandhiswayofformingconceptsdependtoahighdegreeuponlanguage.Thismakesusrealizetowhatextentthesamelanguagemeansthesamementality.Inthissensethinkingandlanguagearelinkedtogether.

Whatdistinguishesthelanguageofsciencefromlanguageasweordinarilyunderstandtheword?Howisitthatscientificlanguageisinternational?Whatsciencestrivesforisanutmostacutenessandclarityofconceptsasregardstheirmutualrelationandtheircorrespondencetosensorydata.Asanillustration,letustakethelanguageofEducationgeometryandAlgebra.Theymanipulatewithasmallnumberofindependentlyintroducedconcepts,respectivelysymbols,suchastheintegralnumber,thestraightline,thepoint,aswellaswithsignswhichdesignatethefundamentaloperations,thatistheconnectionsbetweenthosefundamentalconcepts.Thisisthebasisfortheconstructionbetweenconceptsandstatementsontheonehandandsensorydataontheotherhandisestablishedthroughactsofcountingandmeasuringwhoseperformanceissufficientlywelldetermined.

Thesuper-nationalcharacterofscientificconceptsandscientificlanguageisduetothefactthattheyhavebeensetupbythebestbrainsofallcountriesandalltimes.Insolitudeandyetincooperativeeffortasregardsthefinaleffecttheycreatedthespiritualtoolsforthetechnicalrevolutionswhichhavetransformedthelifeofmankindinthelastcenturies.Theirsystemofconceptshasservedasaguideinthebewilderingchaosofperceptionssothatwelearnedtograspgeneraltruthsfromparticularobservations.

Whathopesandfearsdoesthescientificmethodimplyformankind?Idonotthinkthatthisistherightwaytoputaquestion.Whateverthistoolinthehandofmanwillproducedependsentirelyonthegoalsaliveinthismankind.Oncethesegoalsexist,thescientificmethodfurnishesmeanstorealizethem.Yetitcannotfurnishtheverygoals.ThescientificmethoditselfwouldnothaveledanywhereitwouldnotevenhavebeenbornwithoutapassionatestrivingforclearunderstandingPerfectionsofmeansandconfusionofgoalsseem—inmyopinion—tocharacterizeourage.Ifwedesiresincerelyandpassionatelythesafety,thewelfareandthefreedevelopmentofthetalentsofallmen,weshallnotbeinwantofthemeansofapproachsuchastate.Evenifonlyasmallpartofmankindstrivesforsuchgoals,theirsuperioritywillproveitselfinthelongrun.

1.Howdoesthewriterdrawtheconclusionthatmentaldevelopmentofanindividualdependsmuchuponlanguage?

2.Accordingtothewriter,scientificlanguageis().

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthetechnicalrevolutions().

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldthewriterprobablyfavor?

5.Thewriterthinksthatthecharacteristicsofourageare().

问题1选项

A.Hestudiesstatisticsrevealedbyresearchers.

B.Hemanagedtodoitbyreasoning.

C.Hedoesitbycitingwordsfromauthorities.

D.Hemerelyassertsittobethecase.

问题2选项

A.super-national

B.limited

C.abstract

D.boring

问题3选项

A.havenospiritualtools

B.haveenlightenedthethoughtsofmankind

C.havethelittleinfluenceontheworld

D.havetransformedthelifeofmankind

问题4选项

A.Scientificmethodcanprovidemankindwithmeanstoattaingoals.

B.Scientificmethodwouldleadustodoomandchaos.

C.Scientificmethodcanonlyleadtowarfare.

D.Scientificmethodismoreimportantthanscientificlanguage.

问题5选项

A.perfectionsofmeansandconfusionofgoal

B.lackofscientificmethodandabundanceofscientificlanguage

C.perfectionsoflanguageandconfusionofthinking

D.lackofsolitudeandabundanceofcooperation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段的倒数第三句Thuswemayconcludethatthementaldevelopmentoftheindividualandhiswayofformingconceptsdependtoahighdegreeuponlanguage.(因此,我们可以得出这样的结论:个体的心理发展及其形成概念的方式在很大程度上依赖于语言。)作者在做这个断言之前,并没有给出过多的解释及论述,因此D选项“他只是断言这是事实”正确。A选项“他研究研究人员揭示的统计数据”,文章中作者并没有给出相应的数据;B选项“他通过推理成功地做了这件事”,他是没有进行逻辑推理的;C选项“他通过引用权威的话来做这件事”,文章中并没有引用。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段第二句话Howisitthatscientificlanguageisinternational?(为什么科学语言是国际性的呢?)虽然是一个问句,但是也表明了大众是接受这个观点的,因此A选项“由多个国家组成的;超国家的”正确。B选项“有限制的”;C选项“抽象的”;D选项“无聊的”,这些都是干扰项。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段最后Insolitudeandyetincooperativeeffortasregardsthefinaleffecttheycreatedthespiritualtoolsforthetechnicalrevolutionswhichhavetransformedthelifeofmankindinthelastcenturies.(他们孤独而又合作地为技术革命创造了精神工具,这些技术革命在过去几个世纪里改变了人类的生活。)可以看出技术革命改变了我们的生活,因此D选项“改变了人类的生活”正确。A选项“没有精神工具”,这句话说了它们创造了精神工具,因此A错误;B选项“启蒙了人类的思想”,原文的表述没有到这个程度,属于过度推断;C选项“对世界有小小的影响”,它已经改变了人们的生活,因此不是“小小的影响”,C选项错误。

4.判断推理题。根据选项关键词定位到最后一段Oncethesegoalsexist,thescientificmethodfurnishesmeanstorealizethem.Yetitcannotfurnishtheverygoals.(一旦这些目标存在,科学方法就提供了实现这些目标的手段,但它不能提供这些目标。)也就是说只要有目标,那么科学方法就会提供实现它们的手段,因此A选项“科学方法可以为人类提供实现目标的手段”正确。B选项“科学的方法会给我们带来厄运和混乱”,不是文章的观点;C选项“科学方法只能导致战争”,不正确;D选项“科学的方法比科学的语言更重要”,这个文章并没有提到。

5.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段Perfectionsofmeansandconfusionofgoalsseem—inmyopinion—tocharacterizeourage.(在我看来,手段的完美和目标的混乱似乎是我们这个时代的特征。)因此A选项“手段的完美和目标的混乱”正确。B选项“科学方法的缺乏和科学语言的丰富”;C选项“语言能力和思维混乱”;D选项“缺乏独处和合作”,不是作者的观点。

6.单选题

Oneoftheresponsibilitiesofthelocaltroopsistomakesurethatallshipsobedientlyfollowtrafficsrulesinbusyharbors.

问题1选项

A.currently

B.intricately

C.dutifully

D.distinctly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。横线单词obediently意为“顺从地;服从地;忠顺地”;A选项“currently”意为“当前;一般地”;B选项“intricately”意为“杂乱地;复杂地”;C选项“dutifully”意为“忠实地;尽责地,忠诚地”;D选项“distinctly”意为“明显地;无疑地,确实地”。句意:当地军队的责任之一是确保所有船只在繁忙的港口顺从地遵守交通规则。由题干可知,followtrafficsrules(遵守交通规则),所以军队应该是确保船只忠实、顺从地遵循交通规则,以免出现混乱。由此可知,obediently在此处最可能是“顺从地”的意思,四个选项中dutifully具有“忠实地”的意思,与此相近。因此C选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Thefutureoftheworld’sclimateis______withtheriseoftemperature,wewillhavemoreextremeweathers.

问题1选项

A.atodds

B.introuble

C.invain

D.atstake

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项atodds“争执,不一致”,B项introuble“在监禁中,处于不幸中”,C项invain“徒劳,无效”,D项atstake“处于危险之中,在紧要关头”。根据空格后面部分的句子意思“随着气温的升高,我们将会有更多的极端天气”可推断,空格处填入D项符合。句意:随着气温的上升,世界气候的未来岌岌可危,我们将会有更多的极端天气。因此,该题选择D项正确。

8.单选题

Heseemstothinktheplanwillwork,butIam(

)aboutitssuccess.

问题1选项

A.unbelieving

B.unbelievable

C.incredible

D.skeptical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。unbelieving“不相信的”;unbelievable“难以置信的,不可信的”;incredible“难以置信的,惊人的,极好的”;skeptical“怀疑的”。句意:他似乎觉得这个计划会凑效,但我对它的成功表示怀疑。前半句表达的是一个人相信的态度,由but可知后半句态度与之相反,即怀疑的态度。故D项正确。beskepticalabout对……表示怀疑。

9.单选题

Since1813,reactiontoJaneAusten'snovelshasoscillatedbetweenadorationandcondescension;butingenerallaterwritershaveesteemedherworksmorehighlythandidmostofherliterary().

问题1选项

A.admirers

B.readers

C.followers

D.contemporaries

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。admirer爱慕者,赞赏者;reader读者;follower追随者;contemporary同代人。由but可知后半句的态度与前半句相反,前半句的评价是在喜爱与勉强凑合之间徘徊,后面对简的作品的评价是比1813那个时代的评价要高。故该句将1813这个时代的作家与laterwriters对简作品的评价作对比。故D项正确。句意:自1813年以来,人们对简•奥斯汀小说的反应在崇拜和勉强凑合之间摇摆不定;但总的来说,后来的作家对她的作品的评价比与她同时代大多数的作家的评价要高。

10.单选题

IthinkthatIcommitteda(

)inaskingherbecausesheseemedveryupsetbymyquestion.

问题1选项

A.blunder

B.revenge

C.reproach

D.scandal

【答案】A

【解析】blunder大错,愚蠢的错误;revenge报复,复仇;reproach责备,耻辱;scandal丑闻,流言蜚语。句意:我认为我在问她的时候犯了一个大错,因为她似乎被我的问题弄得很心烦。选项A符合语境。

11.单选题

AttheInterviewIntheinterviewtofindjobs,youneedtodothefollowingthings.

1.Thefirsttwoorthreeminutesareimportantinestablishingrapport.Trytodevelopafriendlyapproach,smile,relax,shakehands,addressthepersonbyname.Lookattheinterviewerandshowinterestinwhatisbeingsaid.

2.Takeamomenttothinkabouttheanswerstothequestions.Listencarefully;speakclearlyanddonotrush.

3.Benaturalandhonest.Bepositiveandconcentrateonachievementsandexperience.Donotmakefalseclaims.

4.Donotanswerjust’'yes”or"no";supportyouranswerswithexamplesandgivereasonsforyouropinions.Atthesametime,sticktothepointandrememberthattheinterviewer'stimeislimited.

5.Thestatusofthepersoninterviewingyoumayhaveabearingonthewayyouapproachyourmeeting.Apersonnelofficeassessing,candidatesforashortlistwillusuallynotbeinapositiontodiscusstechnicalities,anymorethanthesalesmanagercangiveyouthedetailsofthecompanypensionscheme.However,occasionallypersonnelstaffareequippedwithlistsofhighlytechnicalquestionsandtrainedtoassessyourresponseeventhoughtheyarenotexpertsthemselves.

6.Usetheinterviewtofindoutwhatyouwanttoknowaboutthejobandtheorganization.Havealistofquestionsreadytocoveranytopicsnotdealtwithbytheinterviewer.Makesureyouhavealltheinformationyouneed,notonlyabouttheactualpost,butabouttheorganizationitself,includingsuchaspectsascareerprospects,pensionscheme,andfringebenefits.

7.Useeveryopportunitytostressthatyouarenotjustafteranyoldjobbutthatyouarereallykeentoworkforthecompanywhichisinterviewingyou.

Aboutall,trynottotreattheinterviewasanexaminationinwhichyouarealwaysonthereceivingend.Useitinsteadasanopportunityforafullandfrankexchangeofinformation.Don’tbeafraidtoaskformoreinformationortoputyourownquestions.

1.Itisimportantfortheintervieweetobe

ataninterview.

2.Personnelofficersare

todiscusstechnicalities

.

3.Itiswisetohavealistofquestionstoask

).

4.Showtheinterviewerthatyouare

toworkforhiscompany

.

5.Ataninterviewtheinterviewee(

).

问题1选项

A.atease

B.casual

C.formal

D.respectful

问题2选项

A.alwaysqualified

B.neverqualified

C.notalwaysqualified

D.unqualified

问题3选项

A.beforeaninterview

B.atthebeginningofaninterview

C.attheendofaninterview

D.afteraninterview

问题4选项

A.anxious

B.desperate

C.eager

D.willing

问题5选项

A.canaskquestions

B.hastoanswerquestions

C.hastoaskquestions

D.shouldaskquestions

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段提到“尽量展示出自己友好的一面,微笑,放松,握手,称呼对方”(Trytodevelopafriendlyapproach,smile,relax,shakehands,addressthepersonbyname),这些都是得体的表现,因此选项D符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。文章第六段提到“有时候人事专员会准备一些技术问题,他们会评估你的回答,尽管他们自己不是专家”(however,occasionallypersonnelstaffareequippedwithlistsofhighlytechnicalquestionsandtrainedtoassessyourresponseeventhoughtheyarenotexpertsthemselves),由此可知,并不是所有的人事专员的专业知识都很强的,所以选项C符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。文章第七段提到“列好一张全面问答的清单,有些问题面试官不会涉及”(havealistofquestionsreadytocoveranytopicsnotdealtwithbytheinterviewer),可知这些问题是在面试前已经准备好了,因此选项A符合题意。

第4题:词义题。文章第八段提到“利用每一个机会强调你不仅仅是想要一份工作,而是真的很想为面试你的这家公司工作”(useeveryopportunitytostressthatyouarenotjustafteranyoldjobbutthatyouarereallykeentoworkforthecompanywhichisinterviewingyou),因此选项C符合题意。

第5题:推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“不要害怕询问更多的信息或者提出自己的疑问”(Don’tbeafraidtoaskformoreinformationortoputyourownquestions),因此选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Theinaugurationofthenewpresidentwillbeheldat8o'clock().

问题1选项

A.sharply

B.right

C.prompt

D.punctually

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词词义辨析题。A:sharply“严厉地;锋利地”;B:right“立刻”;C:prompt“迅速的;敏捷的”;D:punctually“准时地”。句意:新总统的就职典礼将于8点准时举行。根据前文“在八点”得知表示时间的准点,因此可知D为正确答案。

13.单选题

TheAmericansdifferfromtheChineseintheirabilityto________conversationswithstrangers.

问题1选项

A.holdback

B.enterinto

C.pickup

D.turndown

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“隐瞒,退缩,抑制,阻止”;B选项“进入”;C选项“捡起,获得,收拾”;D选项“调小,拒绝”。句意:美国人和中国人在与()陌生人交谈的能力上有所不同。根据关键词:conversationswithstrangers,搭配最准确的是enterinto所以答案选B。

14.填空题

Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershavesomethingincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bsomething去掉

【解析】【考查点】从句。

【解题思路】thatallleadershavesomethingincommon是修饰personalqualities的定语从句,其中that充当从句宾语,意思指的是personalqualities,所以B部分的something去掉句子才正确。

【句意】似乎并没有所有领导人都具备的一系列个人品质;事实上,如果一个人的素质符合那个特定群体的需要,他就是公认的领导者。

15.单选题

Whenthefirealarmrang,we(

)outsidetheemergencyexit.

问题1选项

A.resembled

B.dissembled

C.assembled

D.scrambled

【答案】C

【解析】句意:当火警响起时,我们在紧急出口外集合。

考查动词辨析。Resemble看起来像,显得像,像;dissemble掩盖,掩饰(真实感情或意图);assemble聚集,集合,收集;scramble(迅速而吃力地)爬,攀登,抢,抢占。故C符合句意。

16.单选题

TheIndianswereforcedtobuildtheirhutsalongthe______wind-sweptmountainside.

问题1选项

A.desperate

B.fertile

C.desolate

D.feeble

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项desperate“不顾一切的,令人绝望的”,B项fertile“富饶的,肥沃的”,C项desolate“荒凉的,无人烟的”,D项feeble“微弱的,无力的”。由beforcedto(被迫)可知,空格处要填入一个贬义的词语,B项排除;空格处修饰的词语是mountainside(山坡),A项修饰人,所以排除;D项修饰“山坡”并不符合语境,所以C项正确。句意:印第安人被迫沿着荒凉的向风山坡建造棚屋。因此,该题选择C项。

17.单选题

Antarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestationauniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld'senvironment.Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasiertointerpretthanthosemadeinotherpartsoftheworld.

GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasauniqueobservationdistant-early-warningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybespottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationisglaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuingsevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet,aconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.

TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,dividethecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east”ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.

Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,othersfocusonthemysterious"dryvalley"ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleiceorsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.SlashedthroughthemountainsofsouthernVictoriaLand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescended9,000feetfromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualtyoftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnowthatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroardownfromthepolarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsanddunes,clustersofboulderssculpturedintofantasticshapesby100-mile-an-hourwinds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.

Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelievethatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenterthem.

1.WhatisthepointtheauthormadeinParagraphOne?

2.HowareeastandwestofTransantarcticMountaindifferentfromeachother?

3.WhatwouldtheresultbeiftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared?

4.Whichofthefollowingaboutdryvalleysistrue?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.AntarcticaisaspacestationestablishedbyUSA.

B.Antarcticaimitatesworldenvironment.

C.Antarcticahasseriouspollutions.

D.Antarcticaisabetterplacetodocertainscientificresearch.

问题2选项

A.Eastsideiswarmerthanwestside.

B.Eastsideismorethan14000feethigh.

C.Iceineastsideisabovesealevel.

D.Iceinwestsideisabovesealevel.

问题3选项

A.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbedisappeared.

B.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereduced.

C.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbecomescatteredIslands.

D.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoaclusterofIslands.

问题4选项

A.theyhavenothingleftinsideandbecomesdiscarded.

B.theymaybethehopeofenvironmentalproblemsinourplanet.

C.theyneverheldglaciersinitslonghistory.

D.Theyareuselesstoscientistsasnothingisleftbehind.

问题5选项

A.Antarctica:Earth'sEarly-Warningstation..

B.AntarcticaandenvironmentalProblems.

C.Antarctica:aUniqueObservationPost.

D.Antarctica:aMysteriousPlace.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者在第1段中提出了什么要点?’文章第一段大意是“南极洲实际上已经成为一种太空站:一个独特的观测站,用来探测世界环境的变化。南极洲远离污染,又不同于其它任何地方,普遍存在着复杂的地质和生态环境,所以,这里可以得到更敏锐又易解释的科学测量结果。”所以作者提出的要点是D选项“南极洲是进行某些科学研究的更好之地”。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘跨南极山脉的东西有何不同?’根据文章第三段中第二句和第三句“Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east"ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.山脉“东部”的大陆部分是一个被近两英里厚的冰原覆盖的高原。在山脉的“西部”,美洲南部大陆的一半也被冰原覆盖,但是那里的冰主要是在低于海平面的岩石上。”确定C选项“东部的冰高于海平面”正确。

3.细节事实题。题目提问‘如果南极西部冰盾消失,结果会是什么?’根据文章第三段中最后一句“IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.如果南极西部冰盖消失,大陆西部将会变成一个稀疏的岛屿群。”确定D选项“大陆西部成为一群岛屿”正确。

4.细节事实题。题目提问‘关于干河谷,下列哪个是真的?’根据文章第五段第一句“Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.尽管这些干谷看上去不像地球,但一些科学家认为,它们可能为地球上青翠的地方带来了希望。”确定B选项“他们可能为地球上绿色地区带来了希望的信息”正确。

5.主旨大意题。题目提问‘这篇文章最适合的标题是?’文章谈论南极洲科研考察的重要性,以及介绍其相关的环境特色和问题,所以B选项“南极洲和环境问题”是最适合的标题。

18.单选题

Theteacherwroteabriefcommentinthe()toshowthestudentwhyitwaswrong.

问题1选项

A.manual

B.margin

C.edge

D.verge

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。manual"手册,指南";margin"页边空白;边缘;余地",一般指书的边缘;edge"边缘;刀刃;优势"一般指悬崖边上;verge"边,边缘,界线",常见用法为onthevergeof,意为濒临于。句意:老师在页边空白处写了简短的评语,向学生说明为什么错了。选项B符合句意。

19.单选题

Childrenalwaysare()aboutthingstheydonotknow.

问题1选项

A.curious

B.queer

C.strange

D.quaint

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Curious“好奇的”;queer“奇怪的”;strange“奇怪的”;quaint“离奇有趣的”。句意:孩子们往往对他们所不知道的事情感到好奇。选项A符合题意。

20.单选题

Teenagersinthe1950s,whohadto(

)anincreasinglyatomizedfamilylifeanddomesticandinternationaltensions,scornedthesterileversionofAmericanlife.

问题1选项

A.injure

B.conjure

C.confront

D.inflow

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:二十世纪五十年代的青少年,必须去面对破碎的家庭,国内外的紧张,从而蔑视这种枯燥无味的美国生活。injure“受伤”;conjure“恳求,祈求”;confront“面对”;inflow“流入”。根据句意,选项C符合题意。

21.单选题

—Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?

—Ofcourse.Whatisit?

—I______ifyoucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform.

问题1选项

A.hadwondered

B.waswondering

C.wouldwonder

D.hadbeenwondering

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法。wonder表示“想知道,感到疑惑”,后面接if或者whether可以引导宾语从句,常用来表示一种委婉的请求或者疑问。这个句子表达的是一种委婉的请求,根据之前的语境可知,这里表达的是“我刚刚一直在想……”,所以要用过去进行时,B项符合。A项是过去完成时,D项是过去完成进行时,但是句子并不是基于事情发生在过去的一个状态,所以A、D选项排除。C选项表示将来。句意:我想知道您能否告诉我如何填写这张表格。因此,该题选择B项。

22.单选题

Becauseoftheeconomiccrisis,industrialoutputintheregionremained_____.

问题1选项

A.motionless

B.inactive

C.stagnant

D.immobile

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。motionless静止的,不运动的;inactive不活跃的,怠惰的;stagnant停滞的,萧条的;immobile固定的,不变的。句意:由于经济危机,该地区的工业产出仍然停滞不前。选项C符合句意。

23.单选题

Manyadvantagescomewithbeingafirst-bornchild.First-bornstendtomakemoremoneythantheiryoungersiblings;theyaremorelikelytoearnadvanceddegrees,andtheyhaveslightlybetteroddsofbecomingpresidents,primeministers,andNobellaureates.Theyevenhavelongerlifeexpectancythanlater-bornsiblings.

Thereisyetanotheradvantage:First-bornchildrenshowbettersecondlanguageskillsthanlater-bornchildren.Atleastthiswasthefindingofnewresearchinlastmonth’sissueofFrontiersinPsychology.

Thestudy,ledbyDr.KarinKellerofSwitzerland’sUniversityofBasel,examinedthesecondlanguageskillsof1209immigrantchildrenbetweentheagesoftwo-and-a-halfandthreefromSwitzerland’sGerman-speakingregionofBasel.Thestudywasadministeredviamail;parentsfilledoutasurveyaskingthemtoassesstheirchild’sGermanlanguageability.Theyalsoreporteddemographicinformationsuchashowmanyotherchildrenwereinthehousehold,birthorder,numberofbooksinthehousehold,andparentallanguageskills.

Thefindingsofthestudy

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