考研考博-英语-天津海运职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津海运职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Beingbothspoiledandlazy,theboy（

）everyoneelseforhislackofsuccess.

问题1选项

A.criticized

B.blamed

C.charged

D.accused

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。criticize“批评”；blame“责备，归咎于”；charge“控诉，告诫”；accuse“控告，谴责”。blame常与for连用；charge后跟for；accuse后接of。根据“forhislackofsuccess”可知选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Manycratersontheearth'ssurfacewereprobablyformedbyverylargemeteorites（）.

问题1选项

A.smashingintothegroundandexploding

B.whichsmashedintothegroundandanexplosion

C.whensmashedintothegroundwasanexplosion

D.theysmashedintothegroundandexploded

【答案】A

【解析】分析句子结构可知,meteorites为本句的逻辑主语,动作与逻辑主语构成主动关系,这里是分词短语做后置定语。所以选项A正确。

3.单选题

Thequestionofsalaryincreasewill（

）atthenextgeneralmeeting.

问题1选项

A.comeoff

B.comeup

C.cometo

D.comethrough

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项comeoff“成功，离开，举行，实现”；B选项comeup“发生，被提出，被讨论，走近”；C选项cometo“恢复知觉，苏醒”；D选项comethrough“安然度过，批准通过，获得成功”。空格处为谓语动词，其主语为Thequestionofsalaryincrease（增加工资的问题），故B选项符合语境。句意：增加工资的问题将在下一次大会上被提出。

4.单选题

Hisconstantattemptsto（

）hiscolleagues'achievementeventuallycausedhisdismissal.

问题1选项

A.withdraw

B.diminish

C.restrain

D.confine

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。withdraw“收回，取回”；diminish“减少，减损”；restrain“遏制，管制”；confine“限制”。句意：他不断尝试贬低他同事的成就，最终导致他被解雇了。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

（

）boththelargestandnorthernmoststateintheUnitedStates,Alaskahasthe

smallestpopulation.

问题1选项

A.Despitebeing

B.Despiteitis

C.Despitethat

D.Inspitebeing

【答案】A

【解析】句意:虽然阿拉斯加州是美国最大且位置最靠北的州，但是人口却是最少的。

语法题。考查现在分词引导状语从句。分析题干跟选项可知,空格处表示让步“尽管”,句子后半句为主句,所以前半句为be动词的现在分词形式引导的让步状语从句。故选A。

6.单选题

Itcanbepainfulforparentswhentheirchildrenfeeloutofsyncwithothers,butitisunwise______ontheimportanceoffittingin;childrengetenoughofthatmessageintheoutsideworld.

问题1选项

A.layingalotofimportance

B.toputtoomuchemphasis

C.togivealargeamountofconcern

D.throwingagreatdealofanxiety

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.layingalotofimportance强调重要性B.toputtoomuchemphasis强调重要性

C.togivealargeamountofconcern大量关注D.throwingagreatdealofanxiety造成极大的焦虑

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据unwise可知，unwisetodo是固定搭配，表示“做某事是不明智的”，根据句意“当孩子感到与他人不同步时，父母可能会感到痛苦，但______重要性是不明智的”可知，空格处表示“过分强调，过分关注”符合句意，所以B项符合。

【干扰项排除】

A项importance一般和attach搭配；

C项concern是不可数名词，要用much搭配；

D项不符合unwisetodo（做某事不明智）的搭配。

【句意】当孩子感到与他人不同步时，父母可能会感到痛苦，但过分强调融入的重要性是不明智的；孩子们从外面的世界中已经足够了解这一点了。

7.翻译题

Simplicityistheoutwardsignandsymbolofdepthofthought.Itseemstomesimplicityisaboutthemostdifficultthingtoachieveinscholarshipandwriting.Howdifficultisclarityofthought,andyetitisonlyasthoughtbecomesclearthatsimplicityispossible.Whenweseeawriterbelaboringandideawemaybesurethattheideaisbelaboringhim.Thisisprovedbythegeneralfactthatthelecturesofayoungcollegeassistantinstructor,freshlygraduatedwithhighhonors,aregenerallyabstruseandinvolved,andthetruesimplicityofthoughtandeaseofexpressionaretobefoundonlyinthewordsoftheolderprofessors.

Simplicitypresupposesdigestionandalsomaturity:aswegrowolder,ourthoughtsbecomeclearer,insignificantandperhapsfalseaspectsofaquestionarecutoffandceasetodisturbus,ideastakeonmoredefiniteshapesandlongtrainsofthoughtgraduallyshapethemselvesintoaconvenientformulawhichsuggestsitselftousonefinemorning,andwearriveatthattrueluminosityofknowledgewhichiscalledwisdom.Thereisnolongersenseofeffort,andtruthbecomessimpletounderstandbecauseitbecomesclear.

【答案】简朴是思想深度的外在标志和象征。在我看来，简朴是在学术和写作中最难做到的事情。思想清晰是很难的，然而只有当思想变得清晰时，简朴才会实现。当我们看到一个作家绞尽脑汁的时候，或许这个想法正在折磨他。这一观点通常被如下事实所证明：一个刚毕业的高材生做了学校的助教，他写出的文章通常深奥难懂，而只有老教授才能有简明的思想和简易的表达。

简朴意味着领悟和成熟。随着年龄的增长，我们的思想会变得更清晰，无用或者错误的东西将不会困扰我们。思想更明确，而且经过长期的训练，我们的思想逐渐形成了它自己简明的模式，这暗示了思想清晰的开始。届时，我们的思想达到了真正的高度，这就叫“智慧”。于是，真理变得简单，而且理解不费力，因为它变得更清晰了。

8.单选题

Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe（）tohealth.

问题1选项

A.restored

B.recovered

C.returned

D.renewed

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restore（to）“恢复，恢复成（某个样子），及物动词，多用于被动语态，强调用外力来恢复原状”。句意：我们真诚地希望你们不久就能恢复健康。根据句意，A为正确答案。

9.单选题

Whydosomenewproductssucceed,bringingmillionsofdollarstoinnovatingcompanies,whileothersfail,oftenwithgreatlosses?Theanswerisnotsimple,andcertainlywecannotsaythat"good"productssucceedwhile"bad"productsfail.Manyproductsthatfunctionwellandseentomeetconsumerneedshavefallenbythewayside.

Sometimes,virtuallyidenticalproductsexistinthemarketatthesametimewithoneemergingasprofitablewhiletheotherfails.McNealLaboratoriesTylenolhasbecomesuccessfulasanaspirinsubstitute,yetBristol-MeyersenteredthelestmarketataboutthesametimewithNeotrend,alsoasubstituteforaspirin,whichquicklyfailed.

Thenatureoftheproductisafactorinitssuccessoffailure,buttheimportantpointistheconsumer'sperceptionoftheproductsneed-satisfyingcapability.Anynewproductconceptionshouldbeaimedatmeetingacustomerneed,andtheintroductorypromotionshouldseektocommunicatethatneed-satisfyingqualityandmotivatethecustomertotrytheproduct.Often,attitudechangeisinvolved,and,intheextreme,changesinlife-stylemaybesought.

Herethecompanywalksatightrope,anewproductismorelikelytobesuccessfulifitrepresentsatrulynovelwayofsolvingacustomerproblembutthisverynewness,ifcarriedtoofar,mayaskthecustomertoteamnewbehaviorpatterns.Thecustomerwillmakethechangeiftheperceivedbenefitissufficientbutinertiaisstrongandcustomerswilloftennotgototheeffortthatisrequired.DuringthelatesixtiesandearlyseventiesBristol-Meyersmetwithnewproductfailuresthatexemplifybothoftheseproblems.In1967and1968thecompanyenteredthemarketwitha$5millionadvertisingcampaignforFacttoothpaste,andan$11millioncampaigntoprorateResolve,Bothproductsfailedquickly,notbecausetheydidn’tworkorbecausetherewasnoconsumerneedbutapparentlybecauseconsumersjustcouldseenoreasontoshiftfromanalreadysatisfactoryproducttoadifferentonethatpromisednonewbenefit.

1.Thefirstsentenceofthefirstparagraphisaquestiontowhichtheansweris（）

.

2.WhatareTylenolandNeotrend?

3.Thesuccessorfailureofaproductseemstobedeterminedbyanumberoffactors,oneofwhichtheauthoremphasizesisthecustomer'sperceptionoftheproduct's（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays"thecompanywalksatightrope"(Sentence1,paragraph3)?

5.Bristol-MeyersfailedinpromotingFacttoothpasteandResolvebecause（）

.

问题1选项

A.thatthegoodproductssucceedwhilethebadfail

B.thatthe“good”arenotreallygoodbutthe“bad”areactuallybad

C.thatnewproductswillsucceediftheyfunctionwellandfailiftheydon’t

D.notgivenintheparagraph

问题2选项

A.Theyarenamesoftwodrugmanufacturers.

B.Theyareprobablytwonewbrandsofmedicinewhichserveasasubstituteforaspirin.

C.TylenolisadrugmanufacturerwhereasNeotrendisanewsubstitutemedicineforaspirin.

D.Theyareprobablythenamesofchemistswhoinventedthenewmedicine.

问题3选项

A.qualityandprice

B.usefulnessanddurability

C.need-satisfyingcapability

D.appearanceandinnerpacking

问题4选项

A.Thecompanyhasboththechancetosucceedandtofailindealinginanewproduct.

B.Thecompanyhastostudycustomer'sbehaviorbeforeanewproductisintroduced.

C.Thecompanyhastofindanewwaytosolvecustomer'sproblemsbeforeanewproductisputonthemarket.

D.Thecompanyhastomakeagreatefforttoovercomethecustomer'sinertia.

问题5选项

A.theseproductsweretooexpensiveascomparedwiththeirdirectcompetitors

B.bothproductsfailedtomeetthecustomer'sneeds

C.thecustomerscouldseenosenseofaradicalchangeoftheirhabits

D.thecompanyforgotanEnglishsaying:"Youcannotteachanolddognewtricks"

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:根据第一段的内容，问题是：为什么一些新产品成功了，为创新公司带来了数百万美元，而另一些却失败了，而且往往损失惨重？第一段的后半部分只是围绕这个问题进行了举例说明，并没有在本段给出答案，所以选D。

第2题:根据关键词定位到第一段的最后一句话“McNealLaboratoriesTylenolhasbecomesuccessfulasanaspirinsubstitute,...Neotrend,alsoasubstituteforaspirin,whichquicklyfailed.”Tylenol做为阿司匹林的替代品成功了，而Neotrend作为阿司匹林的替代品失败了。可见它们两个都是阿司匹林的替代品，选项B正确。

第3题:根据关键词“customer'sperception”定位到第二段的第一句“Thenatureoftheproductisafactorinitssuccessoffailure,buttheimportantpointistheconsumer'sperceptionoftheproductsneed-satisfyingcapability.”选项C正确。

第4题:根据第三段的第一句“Herethecompanywalksatightrope...newbehaviorpatterns.”在这种情况下，公司就像走钢丝一样，如果一种新产品代表了一种真正新颖的解决客户问题的方法，那么它就更有可能成功，如果不是，客户可能会寻求新的行为模式。说明公司应该努力克服客户方面的各种行为反映，不管是积极的还是不积极的。选项D符合原文。

第5题:根据关键词“Bristol-Meyers”定位到第三段，由最后一句话“Bothproductsfailedquickly,...noreasontoshiftfromanalreadysatisfactoryproducttoadifferentonethatpromisednonewbenefit.”可知，这两种产品很快就失败了，不是因为它们不起作用，也不是因为消费者没有需求，而是很明显，消费者找不到任何理由从一种已经令人满意的产品转向另一种不会带来任何好处的新产品。所以选项C符合原文。

10.单选题

Histimeatuniversitywasthemost（

）periodofherlife.

问题1选项

A.eventual

B.enduring

C.eventually

D.eventful

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。eventual“最后的，最终的”；enduring“持久的，能忍受的”；eventually“最后，终于，副词”；eventful“多事的，重大的”。根据句子结构，可知空格中填入形容词修饰period，选项C可排除。句意：他的大学时光是一生中最重要的时光。因此选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

YangtzeRiverflowsatawidthofupto2kmandanaveragedepthofbetween6and15mthroughalargeplainwithmanylakes.Thisareais()toseverefloodingandaccumulationofriversediment.

问题1选项

A.object

B.particular

C.subject

D.prone

【答案】C

【解析】句意：长江流经一个有许多湖泊的大平原，这个平原宽达2公里，平均深度在6至15米之间。这个地区经常发生严重的水灾和河流泥沙淤积。objectto对……反对；particular特别，尤其，不与to搭配；subjectto使遭受；proneto有……倾向的。选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

EachMondayinfour（）weeksiscalledfour（）Mondays.

问题1选项

A.successive,consecutive

B.continuous,consecutive

C.consecutive,successive

D.consecutive,continuous

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义词辨析。successive，consecutive，continuous都有“连续的”的意思，successive侧重指一个接着一个连续发生；consecutive侧重指事情按照次序连续发生，强调连贯性；continuous强调一件事情在不断地进行着，没有间断。句意：连续四周的每个星期一被称为连续四个星期一。连续四周指的是按照次序连贯的四周，用consecutive表示，连续四个星期一指有先有后，依次发生的星期一，用successive表示。因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

TheeconomicexpansionpromptedbytheSecondWorldWartriggeredaspectacularpopulationboomintheWest.Ofcourse,theregionwasnostrangertopopulationbooms.Throughoutmuchofitshistory,westernsettlementhadbeencharacterizedbyspurts,ratherthanbyapatternofgradualandsteadypopulationgrowth,beginningwiththegoldandsilverrushesofthe1850’sand1860’s.ThedecadeaftertheFirstWorldWar—the1920’s—witnessedanothermajorsurgeofpeoplepouringintotheWest,particularlyintourbanareas.Buttheeconomicdepressionofthe1930’sbroughtthisexpansiontoahalt;someofthemoresparselysettledpartsoftheregionactuallylostpopulationasmigrantssoughtworkinmoreheavilyindustrializedareas.By1941whentheUnitedStatesenteredtheSecondWorldWarandbegantomobilize,newjobopportunitieswerecreatedinthewesternpartofthenation.

Iftheexpansionofindustries,suchasshipbuildingandaircraftmanufacturing,wasmoststrikingonthepacificcoast,italsoaffectedinteriorcitieslikeDenver.Phoenix,andSaltLakeCity,EquallydramaticweretheeffectsoftheestablishmentofaluminumplantsisOregonandWashingtonandtheburgeoningsteelindustryinUtahandCalifornia.Theflowofpeopleintotheseareasprovidedanenormousimpetustotheexpansionoftheserviceindustries—banks,healthcareservicesandschools.Althoughstrainedtothelimitbytheinfluxofnewcomers,westerncommunitieswelcomedthevastreservoirofnewjobopportunities.Atthesametime,theunprecedentedexpansionofgovernmentinstallationsintheWest,suchasmilitarybases,createdthousandsofnewcivilianopenings.Aslandhadservedasamagnetforwesternmigrantsinthelatenineteenthcentury,sowartimemobilizationsetinmotion.

Thereisanothermajorexpansionofpopulation.Indeed,itcouldbesaidthattheentirewesternUnitedStatesbecameagiantboomtownduringtheSecondWorldWar.ThiswasespeciallytrueofCalifornia:OfmorethaneightmillionpeoplewhomovedintotheWestinthedecadeafter1940,one-halfwenttothePacificcoast.Infact,between1940and1950,California’spopulationsurgedbymorethanthreemillionpeople.

16.Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?

17.Theword“triggered”isclosetinmeaningto________.

18.Whydoestheauthormention“thegoldandsilverrushesofthe1850’sand1860’s”inthefirstparagraph?

19.Accordingtothepassage,thedepressionofthe1930’scausedwhichofthefollowing?

20.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheshipbuildingindustryissuggestedbythepassage?

问题1选项

A.CaliforniadominatedtheeconomicgrowthoftheWestduringtheSecondWorldWar.

B.Industrialgrowthduringthe1940’sattractedlargenumbersofpeopletotheWest.

C.Themilitarydrewpeopleawayfromcivilianjobsthe1940’s.

D.TheWestexperiencedgradualandsteadyeconomicgrowthfrom1900to1940.

问题2选项

A.wasconnectedto

B.generated

C.interferedwith

D.illuminated

问题3选项

A.Ascausesofgradualpopulationgrowth.

B.Ascontraststolatepatternsofpopulationgrowth.

C.Asillustrationsofamarketeconomy.

D.Asexamplesofwesternpopulationbooms.

问题4选项

A.AlackofpopulationgrowthintheWest.

B.Thebuildingofnewsuburbs.

C.Acreationofmorejobopportunities.

D.Agrowthinimmigrationfromabroad.

问题5选项

A.ItcameintobeingduringtheFirstWorldWar.

B.ManynewshipbuildingyardswereestablishedonthePacificcoastduringthe1940’s.

C.Denverwasconsideredtobeapoorlocationforshipbuildingfactories.

D.ShipbuildingwasthedominantindustryinOregonandWashington.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】16.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲经济扩张使西部人口激增，第二段讲述工业发展吸引人到西方，又因为人口流动推动服务业发展创造许多工作机会，再次推动人口流向这里，第三段具体讲述人口的流动情况，所以B选项“20世纪40年代的工业发展吸引了大量的人到西方”正确。A选项“加州在第二次世界大战期间主导了西部的经济增长”：根据第二段第二句Phoenix,andSaltLakeCity,EquallydramaticweretheeffectsoftheestablishmentofaluminumplantsisOregonandWashingtonandtheburgeoningsteelindustryinUtahandCalifornia.（俄勒冈州和华盛顿州的铝厂的建立，以及犹他州和加利福尼亚州蓬勃发展的钢铁工业，都产生了同样引人注目的影响。），可知不只加州推动了经济增长，表述错误。C选项“20世纪40年代，军事工业把人们从文职工作中吸引过来”：根据第二段倒数第二句theunprecedentedexpansionofgovernmentinstallationsintheWest,suchasmilitarybases,createdthousandsofnewcivilianopenings.（西部政府设施的空前扩张，如军事基地，出现数千个新的平民的工作机会。），创造的新的工作机会大多被移民进来的平民消化，而不是把做文职工作的人转移到军事行业。D选项“从1900年到1940年，西方经历了缓慢而稳定的经济增长”文章没有提到。因此B选项正确。

17.语义推测题。Trigger的意思为“触发，引发”。根据第一段第一句TheeconomicexpansionpromptedbytheSecondWorldWartriggeredaspectacularpopulationboomintheWest.（第二次世界大战引起的经济扩张在西部引发了大规模的人口激增。），可推测这里在讲经济扩张和人口激增的关系，结合第一段第三句westernsettlementhadbeencharacterizedbyspurts,ratherthanbyapatternofgradualandsteadypopulationgrowth,beginningwiththegoldandsilverrushesofthe1850’sand1860’s.（从19世纪50年代和19世纪60年代的淘金热开始，美国西部移民的特点是人口的快速增长，而不是逐渐稳定的增长模式。），可推测经济扩张导致人口激增，所以B选项“引发”正确；A选项“有联系”不具体，不是最佳答案；C选项“妨碍”和D选项“照亮”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

18.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句TheeconomicexpansionpromptedbytheSecondWorldWartriggeredaspectacularpopulationboomintheWest.（第二次世界大战引起的经济扩张在美国西部引发了大规模的人口激增。）和第二句Ofcourse,theregionwasnostrangertopopulationbooms.（当然，该地区对人口激增并不陌生。），接着举出例子，可知这一段通过论点和例子表达西部人口激增，所以D选项“作为西部人口激增的例子”正确。A选项“作为人口逐渐增长的原因”和B选项“与人口增长的后期模式形成对比”不是表达的重点。C选项“作为市场经济的例证”文章没有提到。因此D选项正确。

19.事实细节题。根据第一段第四句和第五句witnessedanothermajorsurgeofpeoplepouringintotheWest,particularlyintourbanareas.Buttheeconomicdepressionofthe1930’sbroughtthisexpansiontoahalt（见证了另一场大规模的人口涌入美国西部，尤其是涌入城市地区的浪潮。但是20世纪30年代的经济萧条使这种扩张停止了），这个扩张指的是人口涌入西方，所以经济萧条导致人口增长停滞，A选项“西部缺乏人口增长”正确，D选项“国外移民的增长”错误。B选项“新郊区的建设”和C选项“创造更多的就业机会”跟经济萧条无关。因此A选项正确。

20.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段第一句By1941…newjobopportunitieswerecreatedinthewesternpartofthenation.Iftheexpansionofindustries,suchasshipbuildingandaircraftmanufacturing,wasmoststrikingonthepacificcoast…（到1941年……美国西部地区创造了新的就业机会。如果说造船和飞机制造等工业的扩张在太平洋沿岸最为显著……），可知B选项“20世纪40年代，太平洋沿岸建立了许多新的造船厂”正确，C选项“人们认为在丹佛办造船工厂的位置不好”没有提到。A选项“在第一次世界大战期间形成”：文章没有提到第一次世界大战期间的情况，而是在那之后美国西部的情况。D选项“造船是俄勒冈州和华盛顿州的主导产业”：根据第二段第二句EquallydramaticweretheeffectsoftheestablishmentofaluminumplantsisOregonandWashington（俄勒冈州和华盛顿州建立铝厂所产生的影响也同样引人注目），不可得出造船是俄勒冈州和华盛顿州的主导产业，属于过度推断。因此B选项正确。

14.单选题

Aremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanet.Morespeciesofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalspeciestogether.Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears,andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.

Insectscanbefoundalmosteverywhere—onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams,inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings.Theydigthroughtheground,jumpandsinginthetrees,andrunanddanceintheair.Theycomeinmanydifferentcolorsandvariousshapes.Insectsareextremelyusefultohumans,pollinatingourcropsaswellasflowersinmeadows,forests,desertsandotherareas.Butlicksandsomeinsects,suchasmosquitoesandfleas,cantransmitdisease.

Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving.Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments.Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.Insectscansurviveonawiderange,ofnaturalandartificialfoods—paint,pepper,glue,books,grain,cotton,otherinsects,plantsandanimals.Becausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinyspaces.

Astrong,hardbutflexibleshellcoverstheirsoftorgansandisresistanttochemicals,waterandphysicalimpact.Theirwingsgivethemtheoptionofflyingawayfromdangeroussituationsortowardfoodormales.Also,insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity:AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43,000eggsaday.

Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivecolor.Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes,butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguisedlikeagreenleaf,lumpofbrownsoil,graylichen,aseedorsomeothernaturalobject.Someinsectsusebright,boldcolorstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad,stingorarepoison.Othershavewingpatternsthatlookliketheeyesofahugepredator,bitter-tastinginsects;hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem.

26.InsectscanbefoundinlargeamountsinthefollowingplacesEXCEPT______.

27.Insectsprotectthemselvesfromchemicalsby______.

28.Someinsectsdisguiselikenaturalobjectssoasto______.

29.Thepassagementionsthatinsects______.

30.Thepassageismainlyabout______.

问题1选项

A.onthemountainswithlittleair

B.inthecoldpolarareas

C.inthehotdesertareas

D.intheopenoceans

问题2选项

A.hidingintinyspaces

B.havingastrongshell

C.flyingawaywhennecessary

D.changingcolorsorshapes

问题3选项

A.frightenawaytheirenemies

B.avoidbeingdiscovered

C.sendwarmingsignals

D.lookbitter-tasting

问题4选项

A.canbefoundinanyextremeenvironments

B.havesurvivedlongerthananyothercreatures

C.canbefedonanynaturalorman-madefoods

D.areimportantforthegrowthofcropsandflowers

问题5选项

A.howinsectssurviveindifferentplaces

B.whyinsectscansurvivesosuccessfully

C.whatinsectscandototheenvironment

D.whereinsectscanbefoundinquantity

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】26.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“除……外，在以下地方可以看到大量昆虫”。文章第二段及第三段都提及昆虫大量生长的地方，其中第三段第三句提到Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.（迄今为止，有一个地方还没有在很大程度上发现它们，那就是在广阔的海洋中），所以D项“在广阔的海洋中”正确。A项“在空气稀薄的山上”、B项“在寒冷的极地地区”和C项“在炎热的沙漠地区”在第二段都提到了，属于反向干扰。因此，该题选择D项。

27.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“昆虫通过……保护自己免受化学物质的侵害”。定位第四段第一句Astrong,hardbutflexibleshellcoverstheirsoftorgansandisresistanttochemicals,waterandphysicalimpact.（一个坚固、坚硬但有弹性的外壳覆盖着它们的软器官，可以抵抗化学物质、水和物理冲击），protect…from…是对resistantto的同义替换，所以B项“拥有一个坚固的外壳”正确。A项“躲在狭小的空间里”是昆虫可以在各种各样的天然和人工食物中生存的原因，该项张冠李戴。C项“在必要时飞走”和D项“改变颜色和形状”也不是昆虫免受化学物质伤害的原因，属于出处错位。因此，该题选择B项。

28.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“有些昆虫伪装成自然物体以便……”。定位最后一段第二句Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes,butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguisedlikeagreenleaf,lumpofbrownsoil,graylichen,aseedorsomeothernaturalobject.（昆虫可能就在我们眼前，但几乎看不见，因为它被巧妙地伪装成一片绿叶、一块棕色的土壤、灰色的地衣、一粒种子或其他自然物体），其中nearlyinvisible表明昆虫伪装是为了不被发现，所以B项“避免被发现”正确。A项“吓走他们的敌人”、C项“发出警告信号”和D项“看起来是有苦味”都是昆虫伪装的目的，但是都与伪装成自然物体无关，属于出处错位。因此，该题选择B项。

29.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“这篇文章提到了昆虫……”。定位第二段倒数第二句Insectsareextremelyusefultohumans,pollinatingourcropsaswellasflowersinmeadows,forests,desertsandotherareas.（昆虫对人类非常有用，在草地、森林、沙漠和其他地区，昆虫为我们的作物和花朵授粉），由useful及分词结构pollinating可推断昆虫对植物的生长有益处，D项“对农作物和花卉的生长很重要”正确。定位到第三段第二句和第三句Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments.Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.（它们惊人的适应能力使它们能够在极端的温度和环境中生活。迄今为止，有一个地方还没有在很大程度上发现它们，那就是在广阔的海洋中。）可知，昆虫虽然能在极端的温度和环境中生存，但不是在任何环境中。A项“在任何极端环境中都能找到”曲解原文。定位文章第一段最后一句Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears,andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.（昆虫已经在地球上生存了3亿年多，并且可能有能力再存活数百万年）可知，文章虽在开头指出昆虫存活的年代久远，但全文未提到它是存活时间最长的生物，所以B项“比其他任何生物存活的时间都长”无中生有。定位第三段倒数第二句Insectscansurviveonawiderange,ofnaturalandartificialfoods—paint,pepper,glue,books,grain,cotton,otherinsects,plantsandanimals.（昆虫可以在各种各样的天然和人工食物中生存：油漆、胡椒、胶水、书籍、谷物、棉花以及其他昆虫、植物和动物），虽然提到昆虫可以在各种各样的天然和人工食物中生存，但只是awiderangeof，这与C项“可以吃任何天然的或人造的食物”中的any不符，属于曲解原文。因此，该题选择D项。

30.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章主要是关于……”。本文前两段首先描述了昆虫生存了很长的时间，并能在各种地方生长，然后第三段引出文章要讨论的重点，即昆虫为什么能成功存活，定位第三段第一句Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving.（昆虫如此成功的生存有很多原因），该句为本文的中心句，所以B项“为什么昆虫可以如此成功地生存”正确。A项“昆虫如何在不同的地方生存”和D项“能大量发现昆虫的地方”以偏概全。C项“昆虫对环境的影响”没有提到，属于无中生有。因此，该题选择B项。

15.单选题

InMarch1974oneofthemostastonishingarchaeologicaldiscoveriesofthetwentiethcenturywasunearthedinthecountyofLintong,ShaanxiProvince.Anentirearmyoflife-sizedwarriorsandhorses,buriedformorethan2,200years,begantobeuncovered.Thesereplicashadbeenplacedintrenchesaroundthestill-unexcavatedtombofQinshihuang,theFirstEmperoroftheQinDynasty(221-207B.C.).Eachofthemanyhundredsoflife-sizedwarriorswasconstructedofbakedclayandpaintedwithavarietyofcolors.Mostwereobviouslyintendedasindividualportraits.

Theheadshapesofthesefiguresandtheexpressionsontheirfaceswere,moreorless,individualized,andsoeachmancouldbeidentifiedastohisplaceofregionalorigin.Thesquare-faced,broad-foreheaded,prominent-cheekbone,heavy-featured,big-mouthedandwide-cheekedonesweremodeledafternativesofcentralShaanxi.Theshorter,round-faced,sharp-chinned,andthin-lippedsoldiersweremodeledafterpersonsfromtheprovinceofSichuan.OtherswereclearlyfromGansu,andthereweresomewhoappearedtobemembersofvariousminoritiesinnorthwesternChina.Eachhaditsownhairdo:theoneswithlonghairhadthisknottedattherightsideoftheheadbecausetheQinpeopleesteemedtheright.

TothesurpriseofbothChineseandWesternarchaeologists,afewoftheclaysoldiersshowednon-Chinesecharacteristics,possiblybeingpersonsfromasfarawayasArabiaorPersia.ThiswasparticularlysurprisingbecauseithadlongbeenassumedthattherewerenopersonsfromoutsideChinalivingthereinsuchancienttimes.

Yetacenturylaterthehistoricalrecorddoesindicatelimitedcontactwithforeigners.ThereisonereportintheannalsoftheEasternHanDynasty(A.D.25-220)ofaRomanjugglerwhoarrivedinChinabywayofBurmainA.D.109,andanotherofthearrivalofanenvoyfromMacedoniaataboutthesametime.AndtheRomanhistorianLuciusAnnaeusFlorusmentionsthecomingofaChineseenvoytoRomeasearlyasthereignofAugustus(27B.C.-A.D.14).

ButextensivecontactsbetweenChinaandtheWestdidn'treallybeginuntilthenorthernSilkRoadwasgraduallydevelopedafter138B.C.Thisoverlandroutestartedatpresent-dayXi'anandpassedthroughthe

WesternCorridorbeyondtheYellowRiver,Xinjiang,Farghana(nowUzbekistan),Persia(Iran)andTajik(Iraq)whereitmetwesternboundaryoftheRomanEmpire.

FormorethanathousandyearsthisnorthernSilkRoadprovidedarouteforcaravansthatbroughttoChinadates,saffronpowderandpistachionutsfromPersia;glassbottlesfromEgypt,andmanyotherexpensiveanddesirablegoodsfromotherpartsoftheworld.Andthecaravanswenthomewiththeircamelsandhorsesloadeddownbyboltsofsilkbrocadeandboxesfilledwithlacquerwareandporcelains.

AnotherSilkRoad,documentedinthegeographysectionoftheHistoryofHanDynastywasasearoutethatbeganattheportsofXuwenandHepuontheReizhouPeninsulainSouthChina(nearwhichthecityofBeihaiisnowlocated),passedthroughtheMalaccaStraitandendedinBurmaortheHuangchiKingdomofsouthernIndia.

MoreChineseporcelainsandsilksreachedEuropebythisroutethanbytheoverlandonebecauseofpiratesandstormsatsea.SubsidiarybranchesofthisSilkRoadoftheSeareachedsuchplacesasKorea,Japan,andthePhilippinestoallowfortheexchangeofvariousgoodsnotreadilyavailableoverthelandroute.Forexample,asearlyasthethirdcenturyA.D.,thePhilippineswereshippinggoldtoChinabythisroute.

1.Eachexcavatedwarriori（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

3.Archaeologistsweresurprisedbytheexoticcharacteristicsoftheclaysolderbecause（）.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.Inthepassage"SilkRoad"refersto（）.

问题1选项

A.wasgivenauniquefacialexpressionandhairstyle

B.wasmadeofstoneorclay

C.waspaintedwithonecolor

D.wasmodeledafternativesofcentralShaanxi

问题2选项

A.Theclaywarriorswereasbigasrealpeople.

B.Solders'longhairwasknottedattherightsideforconvenience.

C.Asolder'sappearancecouldtellwherehewasfrom.

D.Thesoldersrepresentedpeopleofdifferentnationalities.

问题3选项

A.nocontactwithforeignersatthattimewasknowntothem

B.noonehadeverseenforeigners

C.noforeignerscametoChinabefore138B.C.

D.norecordofforeignvisitswasavailable

问题4选项

A.moremerchantswerekilledonthesearoute

B.certaingoodsweretooprecioustobetransportedbyland

C.tradebetweenChinaandsoutheastAsiabroughtmoremoneytothegovernment

D.thesearoutewasadvantageousoverthelandroute

问题5选项

A.alandroutebywhichsilkbro