全国英语等级考试三级阅读真题

全国英语等级考试三级阅读真题1SECTIONIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)Dilrections:Readthefollowingthreetexts.AnswerthequestionsoneachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.Sometimeinthemiddleofthe15thcentury,awell-to-domerchantfromLondonburiedmorethan6,700goldandsilvercoinsonasloping,hillsideinSurrey.HewasfleeingtheWaroftheRo-sesandplannedtoreturnduringbettertimes.Butheneverdid.ThecoinslayundisturbeduntiloneSeptembereveningin1990,whenlocalresidentRogerMinteychanceduponthemwithametalde-tector,adeviceusedtodeterminethepresenceofmetals.Minteysfindmuchof.whichnowsitsintheBritishMuseum-earnedhimroughly$350,000,enoughtoquithisjobwithasmallmanu-facturerandspendmoretimepursuinglosttreasure.ButdiggingupthepastiscontroversialinBritain.InmanyEuropeancountries,metaldetecto-fists,orpeopleusingmetaldetectors,facetoughregulations.IntheU.K.,however,officialsin-troducedaschemein1997encouraginghobbyiststoreporttheirdiscoveries(exceptforthosefall-ingunderthedefinitionoftreasure,likeMinteysfind,whichtheyarerequiredtoreport)--butal-lowingthemtokeepwhattheyfind,orreceiveareward.Lastyear,ahiddenstorewasuncoveredinafieldoutsideBirmingham.Itconsistsofmorethan1,500goldandsilverobjectsfromthesev-enthcenturyandwasvaluedatmorethan$4.5million.Whilelocalmuseumshurrytoraiseenoughmoneytokeepthefindofftheopenmarket,itsitsinlimbo,ownedbytheCrownbutfa-cingclaimsbythelandownerandthemetaldetectoristwhofoundit.Thefindmarksthelatestbattlegroundintheincreasinglyheatedconflictbetweenthecountrys10,000-20,000metaldetectoristsandthemuseumworkersdeterminedtoprotectitspreciousoldobjects.Supporterssaytheschemestemsthelossofvaluableinformationaboutpreciousoldob-jects,whileopponentsarguethatmetaldetectoristsdontreporteverything.Thedebatecentersonthelargerquestionofwhoownsthepast."Theresbeenaslowmoveoverthecenturiesthatpreciousoldthingsbelongtousall,"saysProfessorChristopherChippindaleofCambridgeUniversity.ButinBritainatleast,thetemptationofburiedtreasurecouldchangeallthat.46.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thecoinsinSurreywereA.worthroughly$350,000C.unearthedabout500yearsagoD.leftbyamerchantduringawar47.WhatdoweknowaboutRogerMintey?A.Heproducesmetaldetectors.B.Heownsamanufacturingfirm.C.HeworksfortheBritishMuseum.D.Heseeksburiedtreasureas48.IntheU.K.,metaldeteA.arerewardedforwhatevertheyfindB.areforcedtoobeytoughregulationsC.maykeepwhattheyhavediscoveredD.shouldreportwhatevertheydiscover49.AsforthefindoutsideBirmingham,itisstillunclearB.howitwasdiscoveredC.whoisentitledtoit50.AccordingtoProfessorChristopherChippindale,buriedtreasureA.isownedbythepublicB.isdebatedinaheatedC.remainsabigtemptationD.turnspreciousovertime在15世纪中期，一位来自伦敦的富有商人将6700多枚金币和银币埋藏在萨里的一座倾斜的山坡里。他当时在躲避玫瑰战争，打算在战争结束时再返回，但是他却没能回来。这些金银币一直藏在地下，直到1990年九月的一个夜晚，当地的一位居民RogerMintey偶然间用一种探测金属的仪器发现了它们。Mintey发现的金银币大约价值35万美金(大部分硬币现保存在大不列颠博物馆)，这笔钱足够他辞去小工厂的工作并继续搜寻剩下的宝藏。但是这种挖掘在当时的英国是备受争议的。在许多欧洲国家，金属探测者或使用金属探测器的人都将面临严厉的法律制裁。然而，l997年英国官方颁布了一项新制度，鼓励爱好者们上报他们的发现(除了那些属于宝藏范围内的物品，Mintey的发现就属于此范围，必须上报)，但允许他们拥有发现的物品或上报赢得奖励。去年，在伯明翰郊外发现了一处隐秘的仓库。该仓库中藏有1500多件7世纪的金制品和银制品，价值高达450多万美元。正当当地的博物馆急着筹集资金去购买这些制品以免其流入市场时，它的归属权还在争论，其皇族拥有者遭到了土地拥有者及发现者的`指责。这些被发现的物品激发了英国l至2万金属探测者和博物馆力图保护文物的工作人员之间的白热化的战争。支持者认为此制度阻止了珍贵文物的流失，而反对者认为金属探测者们不会上报所有东西。这场争论的重点在于到底谁应该拥有历史遗产。剑桥大学的Chris—topherChippindale教授说道，“过去几个世纪以来，人们渐渐开始认为这些珍贵的文物属于我们所有人”。但是至少在英国，这些埋葬的宝藏诱惑着很多人，从而改变了一切。46.D【精析】细节题。关于萨里的硬币，从文章第一段第一、二句“…awell—to—domerchantfromLondonburiedmorethan6，700...HewasfleeingtheWaroftheRoses…”可知，这些硬币是被一位商人在战争中留下的，D正确。由第一段最后一句“Mintey’sfind--muchofwhichnowsitsintheBritishMuseum--eamedhimroughly$350.000…spendmoretimepursuinglosttreasure.”可知Mintey发现的金银币大约值三十五万美元，但他并没有发现全部的，题干问的是埋在底下的全部金币的信息，所以A不正确;第一段没有提及归属权的问题，故8错误;由第一段开头可知，金币是在15世纪中期(大约l650年左右)埋藏的，l990年发现，中间大约340年左右，故C不正确。综上所述，故选D。47.D【精析】推断题。由文章第一段可知，Mintey只是使用金属探测器发现了金币，并不是他发明了金属探测器，故A不正确。由第一段最后一句可知，Mintey是在一家工厂工作，并不是拥有一家工厂，故B、C不正确。从文章第一段最后两句可知，RogerMintey是偶然间用金属探测器发现的并且他在一家小工厂工作，第二段第三句也提到政府鼓励爱好者上报他们的发现，并举了Mintey的例子，由此可推断Mintey只是将此作为爱好，故选D。48.C【精析】细节题。根据第二段第三句“IntheU.K.，however，offi—cl997encouraginghobbyiststorepoatheirdiscoveries(…)一butallowingthemtokeepwhattheyfind.Orreceiveareward.”可知，在英国，政府出台政策鼓励人们上报发现的物品，但是允许他们拥有，故选c。49.C【精析】推断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Whilelocalmuseumshurrytoraiseenoughmoneytokeepthefindofftheopenmarket，itsitsinlimb0，ownedbytheCrownbutfacingclaimsbythelandownerandthemetaldetectoristwhofindit.”可知，关于该宝藏的归属权还在争论中，故选C。50.A【精析】细节题。从文章最后一段第二句“1here’SbeenaslowmoreoverthecenturiesthatpreciousoldthingsbelongtoUSall.”可知，这位教授认为这些宝藏或文物是属于大家共有的，故选A。全国英语等级考试三级阅读真题2Directions:Readthefollowingtwotexts.AnswerthequestionsoneachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.Isabelhasturneddowntwojoboffersinthepastyear.In2021,shestartedherownconsultingpractice,butby2021,mostofherlargerclientshadtodropherbecauseoftheeconomy.In2021,shewasundertakingirregularassignmentsandknewsheneededasteadyjob.ThefirstjobsheconsideredwasDirectorofHRforacompanyinUtah.Aftertheinitialinterviews,shefeltthejobfitherexceptforthelocation.Still,sheflewwesttomeetthehiringmanager.ThehiringmanagerexplainedthatIsabelwasthetopcandidateforthejobbutthat,beforeshecontinuedwiththeprocess,sheshouldbetterunderstandthefirmsculture.ShedirectedIsabeltoseveralvideosofthecompanysCEO,whoregularlyappearedinfrontofthecompanyincostumeaspartofmoralebuildingexercisesandexpectedhisseniorleaderstodothesame.EventhoughIwasdesperateforajob,IknewIcouldntdothat,Isabelsays.Shecalledtherecruitertoturndownthejobandexplainedthatshedidntfeeltherewasaculturalfit.Afewmonthslater,sheinterviewedforanotherjob:adirectorofemployeerelationsatalocaluniversity.Afterseveralinterviews,thehiringmanagertoldherthejobwashersifshewantedit.Thejobhadmanypositives:itwasalow-stressenvironment,itofferedgreatbenefits,andtheuniversitywasanemployee-friendlyplace.ButthejobwasrelativelyjuniordespitethetitleandIsabelworrieditwouldntbechallengingenough.Finally,sheturneditdown.ItwouldbegreattohaveapaycheckandgreatbenefitsbutIwoulddefinitelyhavetroublesleepingatnight,shesays.Inbothcases,shewasfrankwiththehiringmanagersaboutwhyshewasnttakingthejobs.Inthepast,itfeltlikedating,Iwasworriedabouthurtingpeoplesfeelings,shesays.However,theyappreciatedherfranknessandthankedherforherhonesty.Shesaysitwashardtoturndownthejobsanditwasariskforherfinanciallybutshefeltshehadto.A.didconsultingnowandthenB.foundajobclosetoherhomeC.refusedseveraljobinterviewsD.ranasuccessfulconsultingfirm27.IsabelturneddownthefirstjoboffermainlybecauseofitsA.CEOD.recruiter28.IsabelwasdissatisfiedwiththesecondjobduetoitsA.juniorrifleC.EnvironmentD.lackofchallenge29.IsabelbelievedthatherrejectionofthejobswasA.harmfulB.surprisingC.justifiableD.troublesomeA.lookforjobswithlittlestressB.lookforjobswithgreatbenefitsC.betruthfulindecliningjoboffersD.becautiousindecliningjoboffersYoudonotusuallygetsomethingfornothing.Now,anewstudyrevealsthattheevolutionofanimprovedlearningabilitycouldcomeataparticularlyhighprice:anearlierdeath.Pastexperimentshavedemonstratedthatitisrelativelyeasy.throughselectivebreedingtomakerats,honeybeesand-thatgreatfavouriteofresearchers-fruitfliesalotbetteratlearning.Animalsthatarebetterlearnersshouldbecompetitiveand,thus,overtime,cometodominateapopulationbynaturalselection.Butimprovedlearningabilitydoesnotgetselectedamongsttheseanimalsinthewild.Noonereallyunderstandswhy.TadeuszKaweckiandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofFribourginSwitzerlandhavemeasuredtheeffectsofimprovedlearningonthelivesoffruitflies.Thefliesweregiventwodifferentfruitsasegg-layingsites.Oneofthesewaslacedwithabitteradditivethatcouldbedetectedonlyoncontact.Theflieswerethengiventhesamefruitbutwithoutanadditive.Fliesthatavoidedthefruitwhichhadbeenbitterweredeemedtohavelearnedfromtheirexperience.Theirchildrenwererearedandtheexperimentwasrunagain.Afterrepeatingtheexperimentfor30generations,thechildrenofthelearnedflieswerecom-paredwithnormalflies.TheresearchersreportinaforthcomingeditionofEvolutionthatalthoughlearningabilitycouldbebredintoapopulationoffruitflies,itshortenedtheirlivesby15%.Whentheresearcherscomparedtheirlearnedfliestocoloniesselectivelybredtolivelonglives,theyfoundevengreaterdifferences.Whereaslearnedflieshadreducedtheirlifespans,thelong-livedflieslearnedlesswellthanevenaverageflies.Theauthorssuggestthatevolvinganimprovedlearningabilitymayrequireagreaterinvestmentinthenervoussystemwhichtakesresourcesawayfromprocessesthatdelayageing.However,Dr.Kaweckithinkstheeffectcouldalsobeaby-productofgreaterbrainactivityincreasingtheproductionofReactiveOxygenSpecies(ROS),whichcanincreaseoxidationinthebodyanddamagehealth.Nooneknowswhetherthephenomenonholdstrueforotheranimals.So,biologists,atleast,still31.PastexperimentsproveselectivebreedingcanmakeanimalsbetterA.CommandersB.CompetitorsC.survivors32.Inthisexperiment,scientistsobservedthatA.somefliesavoidedthefruitwithoutanaddictiveB.somefliespreferredthefruitwithanaddictiveC.theeggsoftheflieswerenotdamagedD.theimpactonthefliesdidnotlastlong33.TheforthcomingreportsaysthatA.long-livedfliesarebetteratlayingeggsB.long-livedfliesarepoorerinlearningC.learnedflieshavearelativelylonglifeD.learnedfliesliveaslongasaverageones34.AccordingtoDr.Kawecki,greaterbrainactivityA.reducesoxygenconsumptionB.regulatesthenervoussystemC.speedsuptheageingprocessD.stabilizestheageingprocess35.WelearnfromthetextthatA.theresearchfindingsneedtobetestedfurtherB.biologistsaredoingsimilarresearchonotheranimalsC.theanimalworldusuallyfollowsthesameuniversallawsD.biologistsareapplyingtheirfindingstootherareas阅读PartBDirections:Readthetextsfromamagazinearticleinwhichfivepeopletalkabouttippinginarestaurant.Forquestions36-40,matchthenameofeachpersontooneofthestatements(A-G)givenbelow.MarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.Richard:Ivealwaysviewedtippingasawayofsayingthankyoutotheonewhoservesme.Ibelievewhatisbadiswhennotipisleftatall.Thebettertheservice,thehigherthetip.Unlesstheserviceisliterallyperfect,Inevertipmorethan10%ofthebill.Muchliketheharderteachersinschool,Inevergiveeasy"A.Myassessmentishonest.Atipisathankyou,butintruth,atipispaymentforservice.20%isastandardtip.Serversdeserveitfortheirhardwork.Restaurantswillneverpaymoreforlaborunlesstheyareforcedtodosobynewlaws.Tipsmakeupabout97%ofaserverstotalincome.Thosetipsareneededforsurvival.So,beforeserversarepaidalivingwage,tip20%.WhyshouldIpaythedifferencebetweenwhattherestaurantiswillingtopaytheemployeeandwhatanacceptablewageis?Idopay20%,butIhateit.AfriendofmineleftEuropeforNewYorkCity,foundajobinarestaurantthereandendedupmaking$5,500amonth.Enoughabovemini-mumwage?Howaboutminers,constructionworkers,residentdoctors,etc?Dotheygettipped?18-20%forgoodserviceistodaysstandard.Therestaurantanditsemployeesarctoopolitetotellyouthisortoputitontheirmenus,butthatistheirexpectationandyouneedtounderstandthat.Ibelieveitisgoodmannerstorespectthis.Todootherwiseistobeopenlyrude.Ifyoudisagree,youarcwisetocatelsewhere,asyouarehurtingahardworkingprofessional.Michael:Tippinghasgottenoutofcontrol.Ialwayshadthoughtitwas15%,andnowsuddenlyservershavemadeit20%.Itip15%,andthatsit.Iftheserviceisreallysuperior,thenIworkhigherfromthere.Interestingtobetold,"Ifyoucantaffordtotip20%,thenyoushouldcatathome.Ifallthosepeoplestayedaway,therestaurantwouldnotevenbeinbusiness.Nowmatchthenameofeachperson(36-40)totheappropriatestatement.Note:therearetwoextrastatements.Statements36.Richard40.MichaelB.Idotip,thoughIdontlikeit.C.Tippingshouldntbecompulsory.D.Tipsareessentialtoserverssurvival.E.Ifyoudonttip,youarepunishingtheserver.F.IthinkthecurrenttippingstandardistoohigG.Mytipfaithfullyreflectshowgoodtheserviceis.阅读PartC:Directions:Readthefollowingtextfromwhichfivesentenceshavebeenremoved.ChoosefromthesentencesA-Gthemostsuitableonetofilleachnumberedgapinthetext(41-45).ThereareTWOextrasentencesthatyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.In2021,thenumberofhungrypeopleintheworldreachedonebillionforthefirsttime.Itsdifficultnottobeshockedbythefactthatmorethanoneinsevenpeopleintheworlddonothaveenoughtoeat.41HungerkillsmorepeopleperyearthandiseasessuchasAIDS,malariaandTBcombined.TheUNestimatesthatalmosttwothirdsoftheworldshungrypeopleareinAsia,whichisofcoursetheworldsmostpopulouscontinent.42AlthoughthisregionhasamuchlowerpopulationthanAsia,ithasthehighestpercentageofhungrypeople.AlmostalloftherestareinLatinAmerica,NorthAfricaandtheCaribbean,Intherichestregionsoftheworldthereareonlyatinynumberofpeoplewhodonthaveenoughtoeat.Therearemanyreasonsforworldhunger.Theyincludewars,droughts,floods,andtheover-useoffanningland.43Manypeoplealsoblamegreedybusinessmenforpushingupthepricesofbasicfoodsintheglobalmarket.Butthemostimportantreason,quitesimply,ispoverty,whichhasincreasedrecentlyduetothefinancialcrisisof2021.Althoughmanypeoplemaketheobviouspointthattherewouldbelesshungeriftheglobalpopulationweresmaller,fewpeoplewouldarguethatthereisnotenoughfoodtogoaround.44Inthelast50years,globalfoodproductionhasrisenevenmorequicklythantheglobalpopulation.Therearemanyareasoftheworldinwhichpeoplegenerallyhavemorethanenoughfood.45Theanswertoworldhunger,therefore,maybeabalancedfooddistributionaroundthewholeworld.Everyonewillhaveenoughtoeat,butnotovereat.A.Thebasicproblemseemstobenotalackoffood,butitsdistribution.B.Morethanaquarterareinsub-SaharanAfrica.C.Allthesefactorsaffectfoodproduction.D.Ittakestheeffortofeverycountrytofightagainstworldhunger.E.Inthoseplaces,obesityisafarbiggerproblemthanhunger.F.Thoseplacesneedfarmorefoodthantheyactuallyget.G.Bytheendofthisyear,morethan35millionpeoplewillhavediedasaresultofnothavingenoughtoeat.Directions:Readthefollowingtextfromwhich10wordshavebeenremoved.ChoosefromthewordsA-0themostsuitableonetofilleachnumberedgapinthetext(46-55).ThereareFIVEextrawordsthatyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.Icantbelievethekindofrubbishthatsomepeoplecallart.Yesterday,mygirlfrienddraggedmetoamodernart46toseeanexhibitionshehadreadaboutinthepaper.Itwasfiveorsixso-calledinstallationsmadeofbitsofplastic,woodandpaperthat47justtohavebeenthrownonthefloor.Itwasamess,basically--justlikethefloorinmysistershousewhenmytwo-year-oldnephewsleftallhistoysout,butless48Cometothinkofit,49youhadgiventhosebitsofplastic,woodandpapertomynephew,hecouldprobablyhave50somethingjustasgood.Iguess,sometimes,thecleanersendupthrowingartlikethatinthebinsattheendoftheday,51theymustfindithardtoworkoutwhatsanexhibitandwhatsjust52IthinkthatifapaintingoraninstallationlookslikesomethingIcouldhavedonemyselfinfifteenminutes,itdoesnt53tobecalledart.ButwhenIsaythat,peoplelikemygirlfriendsayIm"uncultured.Ithinkalotofthepeoplewhosaythey54thekindofstuffwesawyester-dayarejustpretending--deepdowntheyknowitsrubbishbuttheydontwanttobethefirstonetoadmititbecause,unlikeme,theyre55ofbeinglookeddownon.A.AfraidB.appreciateH.galleryM.seemedN.serious0.when真题答案：26.A27.B28.D29.A30.C31.D32.A33.B34.C35.A36.G37.D38.B39.A40.F41.G42.B43.C44.A45.E46.H47.M48.D49.I50.E51.C52.J53.F54.B55.A全国英语等级考试三级阅读真题3Technologyhasbeenanencouragementofhistoricalchange.ItactedassuchaforceinEng-landbeginningintheeighteenthcentury,andacrosstheentireWesternWorldinthenineteenth.Rapidadvancesweremadeintheuseofscientificfindingsinthemanufacture(制造)ofgoods,whichhaschangedideasaboutwork.Oneofthefirstchangeswasthatotherformsofenergyhavetakentheplaceofhumanpower.Alongwiththiscametheincreaseduseofmachinestomanufac-tureproductsinlesstime..Peoplealsodevelopedmachinesthatcouldproducethesamepartsforaproduct:eachnailwasexactlylikeeveryothernail,meaningthateachnailcouldbechangedforeveryothernail.Thismeansthatgoodscouldbemassproduced,thoughmassproductionrequiredbreakingproductiondownintosmallerandsmallertasks.Oncethiswasdone,workersnolongerstartedontheproductandlaboredtocompleteit.In-stead,theymightworkonlyonethousandthofit,otherworkerscompletingtheirownpartsincer-tainorder.Thereisnothingstrangeaboutthismanufacturingworkbytodaysstandards.Highlyskilledworkerswereunabletocomparewiththenewproductiontechniques,asmassproductional-lowedgoodsofhighstandardtobeproducedingreaternumberthancouldeverbedonebyhand.Buttheskilledworkerwasnttheonlyloser,thecommonworkerslosttoo.Similarchangesforcedfarmersaway.Theincreasedmechanization(机械化)ofagriculturefreedmassesofworkersfromploughingthelandandharvestingitscrops.Theyhadlittlechoicebuttostreamtowardtherapidlydevelopingindustrialcenters.Increasingly,standardsweresetbymachines.Workersnolongerownedtheirowntools,theirskillwasnolongervalued,andprideintheirworkwasnolongerpos-sible.Workersfed,lookedafterandrepairedthemachinesthatcouldworkfasterthanhumansatgreatlyreducedcost.26.Inthispassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredasachangecausedbytheuseofscientificfindingsintheproductionofgoods?A.Otherformsofenergyhavetakentheplaceofhumanpower.B.Theincreasedexploitationofworkersinthe19thcentury.C.Theincreaseduseofmachinestomakeproductsinlesstime.D.Theuseofmachinesproducingpartsofthesamestandard.27.Theunderlinedword"this"inthefLrStparagraphreferstoA.theuseofscientificfindingsB.thepracticeofproducingthesamepartsforaproductC.thehumanpowerbeingreplacedbyotherformsofenergyD.thetechnologybecomingtheencouragementofhistoricalchange28.Theunderlinedword"this"inthesecondparagraphreferstothechangethatA.eachnailcouldbetakentheplaceofbyeveryothernailB.eachnailwasexactlylikeeveryothernailC.producingtasksbecamesmallerandsmallerD.goodscouldbemassproduced29.Accordingtothewriter,highlyskilledworkersA.completelydisappearedwiththecomingofthefactorysystemB.weredismissedbythebossC.wereunabletoproducegoodsofhighstandardD.wereunabletoproducefinegoodsatthatsamespeedasmachines30.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidthefarmershavetodowiththecomingofmechanizationofagriculture?A.Manyofthemhadtoleavetheirfarmlandforindustrialcenters.B.Theystucktotheirfarmwork.C.Theyrefusedtousemachines.Theydidtheirbesttolearnhowtousethemachines.参考译文技术已经成为历史性改变的一种激励。在十八世纪初的英国和十九世纪的整个西方世界，技术就具有这样的一种力量。在商品制造领域，科学发现物的使用使得商品制造领域取得了快速改进，这改变了人们对工作的看法。最初的一种改变就是人力被其他形式的能量所代替。随之而来的是机器的加大使用，以便在更少的时间里生产产品。人们也开发了可以用来生产一种产品相同零件的机器：每个钉子都造得跟其他任何钉子完全相同，也就是每个钉子都可以跟其他钉子互换。这就意味着商品可以大规模生产，虽然大规模生产要求把生产分成一个一个更小的部分。一旦它实现，工人们再也不用着手处理产品以及花力气完成产品。取而代之的是，他们也许只工作过去工作量的千分之一，另外的工人按一定工序完成各自的部分就可以了。按照今天的标准，这种生产工作没什么令人奇怪的。技术高超的工人无法跟这种新的生产技艺相媲关。因为大规模生产使高规格的商品的大批量生产成为现实，而手工制作相形见绌。然而，技术好的个人并非唯一的受损失者，普通工人也如此。相似的改变让农民地位不保。不断增加的农业机械化把大批农民从耕地和农作物收获中解放出来。除了涌入快速发展的工业中心，他们别无选择。规则日益被机器制定。工人不再拥有自己的工具。他们的技术不再有价值，从而工作中的自豪感不再存在。工人供养、照顾和维修那些远比人类更有工作效率的机器，这大大减少了花费。答案及解析26.B【解析】细节题。原文中并未说l9世纪开始对工人剥削的增加。其余三项均在第一段中间出现。所以此题选择B。27.c【解析】理解题。单词this指上文“0therformsofenergyhavetakentheplaceofhumanpower.”(其他形式的能源已经代替了人类的劳动力)的`内容。所以此题选择c。28.D【解析】理解题。在条件句中，this指下文“goodscouldbemassproduced”(货物大批生产)。所以此题选择D29.D【解析】判断推理题。可从第三段第四句“Highlyskilledworkerswereunabletocomparewiththenewproductiontechniques.”(技术高超的工人也无法和新的生产技术相比)可知答案。所以此题选择D。A【解析】判断推理题。可根据第三段中的“Similarchangesforcedfarmersaway.”(类似的改变赶走了农民)及“Theyhadlittlechoicebuttostreamtowardtherapidlydevelopingindustrialcen-ters.”(除了慢慢向工业中心转移，他们没有其他选择)。所以此题选择A。StudentsofUnitedStateshistory,seekingtoidentifythecircumstancesthatencouragedtheemergenceoffeministmovements,havethoroughlyinvestigatedthemid-nineteenth-centuryAmericaneconomicandsocialconditionthataffectedthestatusofwomen.Thesehistorians,however,haveanalyzedlessfullythedevelopmentofspecificallyfeministideasandactivitiesduringthesameperiod.Furthermore,theideologicaloriginsoffeminismintheUnitedStatehavebeenobscuredbecause,evenwhenhistoriansdidtakeintoaccountthosefeministideasandactivitiesoccurringwithintheUnitedStates,theyfailedtorecognizethatfeminismwasthenatrulyinternationalmovementactuallycenteredinEurope.Americanfeministactivistswhohavebeendescribedas“solitary”and“individualtheorists”wereinrealityconnectedtoamovement—utopiansocialism—whichwasalreadypopularizingfeministideasinEuropeduringthetwodecadesthatculminatedinthefirstwomen’srightsconferenceheldatSenecaFalls,NewYork,in1848.Thus,acompleteunderstandingoftheoriginsanddevelopmentofnineteenth-centuryfeminismintheUnitedStatesrequiresthatthegeographicalfocusbewidenedtoincludeEuropeandthatthedetailedstudyalreadymadeofsocialconditionsbeexpandedtoincludetheideologicaldevelopmentoffeminism.TheearliestandmostpopularoftheutopiansocialistsweretheSaint-Simonians.ThespecificallyfeministpartofSaint-Simonianismhas,however,beenlessstudiedthanthegroup’scontributiontoearlysocialism.Thisisregrettableontwocounts.By1832feminismwasthecentralconcernofSaint-Simonianismandentirelyabsorbeditsadherents’energy;hence,byignoringitsfeminism,EuropeanhistorianshavemisunderstoodSaint-Simonianism.Moreover,sincemanyfeministideascanbetracedtosaint-simonianismEuropeanhistorians’appreciationoflaterfeminisminFranceandtheUnitedStatesremainedlimited.Saint-Simon’sfollowers,manyofwhomwerewomen,basedtheirfeminismonaninterpretationofhisprojecttoreorganizetheglobebyreplacingbruteforcewiththeruleofspiritualpowers.Thenewworldorderwouldberuledtogetherbyamale,torepresentreflection,andafemale,torepresentsentiment.Thiscomplementarityreflectsthefactthat,whiletheSaint-Simoniansdidnotrejectthebeliefthattherewereinnatedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen,theyneverthelessforesawanequallyimportantsocialandpoliticalroleforbothsexesintheirutopia.OnlyafewSaint-Simoniansopposedadefinitionofsexualequalitybasedongenderdistinction.Thisminoritybelievethatindividualsofbothsexeswerebornsimilarincapacityandcharacter,andtheyascribedmale-femaledifferencestosocializationandeducation.Theenvisionedresultofbothcurrentsofthought,however,wasthatwomenwouldenterpubliclifeinthenewageandthatsexualequalitywouldrewardmenaswellaswomenwithanimprovedwayoflife.1.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorconsiderthosehistorianswhodescribeearlyfeministsintheUnitedStatesas“solitary”tobe[A]insufficientlyfamiliarwiththeinternationaloriginsofnineteenth-centuryAmericanfeministthought.[B]overlyconcernedwiththeregionaldiversityoffeministideasintheperiodbefore1848.[C]notfocusednarrowlyenoughintheirgeographicalscope.[D]insufficientlyawareoftheideologicalconsequencesoftheSenecaFallsconference.2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardEuropeanhistorianswhohavestudiedtheSaint-Simoniansisprimarilyoneof[A]approvalofthespecificfocusoftheirresearch.[B]disapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontotheissuethatabsorbedmostoftheSaint-Simonians’energyafter1832.[C]approvaloftheirgeneralfocusonsocialconditions.[D]disapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontolinksbetweentheSaint-SimoniansandtheirAmericancounterparts.3.TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingascharacteristicoftheSaint-SimoniansEXCEPT[A]Thegroupincludedmanywomenamongitsmembers.[B]Thegroupbelievedinaworldthatwouldbecharacterizedbysexualequality.[C]ThegroupwasamongtheearliestEuropeansocialistgroups.[D]Mostmembersbelievedthatwomenandmenwereinherentlysimilarinabilityandcharacter.4.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheSaint-Simoniansenvisionedautopiansocietyhavingwhichofthefollowingcharacteristics?[A]Itwouldbeworldwide.[B]Itwouldemphasizedogmaticreligiousprincipl