考研考博-英语-恩施职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-恩施职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

GeorgeGallup,Jr.,themanwhomakesand（

）hisreputation（

）knowingwhatAmericansthink,hasbroughtallhispollingstrategiestogethertoidentifyandanalyzewhathecallsfutureforces.

问题1选项

A.challenges...on

B.stakes...on

C.hazards...to

D.bets...to

【答案】B

【解析】challenge…on在……方面挑战；stake…on把赌注押在……上面；hazard...to对……有危险；bet不与to搭配。句意：GeorgeGallup，Jr.这个把自己的名誉押在知晓美国人想法上的人，将所有的投票策略集中到一起，以确定和分析他所说的未来力量。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Respectforthelawisthefoundationofcivilizedliving.（）breaksitwillbepunished.

问题1选项

A.Who

B.Nomatterwho

C.Whoever

D.Peoplewho

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。如果选A，此处缺少先行词；如果选D缺少连词；nomatterwho引导让步状语从句，句子表达需完整；whoever引导名词性从句，可放于句首，符合题意。

3.单选题

Ⅴ.(ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw)

TheConstitutionempowersandrestrictsdifferentofficialsdifferently.Aconstitutionalclaimisaclaimthataparticulargovernmentactorhasexceededagrantofpowerortransgressedarestriction.Butbecausedifferentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowersandboundbydifferentrestrictions,onecannotdeterminewhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolatedit.Thepredicatesofjudicialreviewinevitablydependuponthesubjectsofjudicialreview.Currentpracticespeaks,euphemistically,ofchallengesto“statutes,”thusobscuringthesubjectsofconstitutionalclaims.ButtheConstitutiondoesnotprohibitstatutes;itprohibitsactions—theactionsofparticulargovernmentactors.Thus,everyconstitutionalinquiryshouldbeginwiththesubjectoftheconstitutionalclaim.Andthefirstquestioninanysuchinquiryshouldbethewhoquestion:whohasallegedlyviolatedtheConstitution?

ThisArticle’spredecessor,TheSubjectsoftheConstitution,demonstratedtheanalyticalpowerofthisseeminglyinnocuousquestion.Tobeginwith,thewhoquestionrevealsconstitutionalculprits,triggeringtheessentialbackstopsofconstitutionalaccountability.IftheConstitutionhasbeenviolated,thePeoplemustknowwhohasviolatedit,sothattheycanknowwhomtoblame,whomtovoteagainst,whomtoimpeach.Butthatisnotall.Thewhoquestionalsoestablishesthetwobasicformsofjudicialreview.Inthetypicalconstitutionalcase,thelegislaturewillmakealaw,theexecutivewillexecuteit,andsomeonewillclaimthathisconstitutionalrightshavebeenviolated.ThefirstquestiontoasksuchaclaimantiswhohasviolatedtheConstitution?Thelegislature,bymakingthelaw?Ortheexecutive,byexecutingit?

Thisfundamentaldichotomy,betweenjudicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction,istheorganizingdichotomyofconstitutionallaw.ItisthisdichotomythattheCourthasobscuredwithitsanthropomorphictropethat“statutes”—ratherthangovernmentactors—violatetheConstitution.AnditisthisdichotomythattheCourthasbeengraspingforwithitsmuddleddistinctionbetween“facialchallengestostatutes”and“as-appliedchallengestostatutes”.Properlyunderstood,a“facialchallenge”isnothingmorenorlessthanachallengetolegislativeaction,andan“as-appliedchallenge”isnothingmorenorlessthanachallengetoexecutiveaction.

Judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveactionaretwofundamentallydifferententerprises—formally,structurally,temporallydifferent.Andthesebasicdifferencesdictateboththestructureandthesubstanceofjudicialreview.

67.WhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedcannotbedecidedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolateditbecause___.

68.ThewhoquestionrelatestothefollowingBUT____.

69.Thefundamentaldichotomyaddressedinparagraph3refersto___.

70.Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedword“enterprises”isclosestinmeaningwith___.

问题1选项

A.aparticulargovernmentactorhasexceededagrantofpower

B.theConstitutionempowersandrestrictsdifferentofficialsdifferently

C.differentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowers

D.differentgovernmentactorsareboundbydifferentrestrictions

问题2选项

A.theviolatorsoftheConstitution

B.thebasicformsofjudicialreview

C.peoples’knowledgeoftheConstitution

D.thepublicopinionregardinggovernmentalofficers

问题3选项

A.“facialchallengestostatutes”and“as-appliedchallengestostatutes”

B.statutesandgovernmentactors

C.legislativeactionandexecutiveaction

D.judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction

问题4选项

A.project

B.courageandwillingnesstobeinvolved

C.businessactivity

D.BusinessCompany

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】67.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Butbecausedifferentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowersandboundbydifferentrestrictions,onecannotdeterminewhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolatedit.（但是，由于不同的政府行为者被赋予不同的权力，受到不同的限制，如果不知道是谁违反了宪法，就无法确定宪法是否被违反了）可知选B选项“宪法赋予和限制不同的官员不同的权力”；A选项“一个特定的政府行为者已经超越了权力的授予”，C选项“不同的政府角色被赋予不同的权力”以及D选项“不同的政府行为者受到不同的限制”都不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

68.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键字“whoquestion”定位到原文第二段IftheConstitutionhasbeenviolated,thePeoplemustknowwhohasviolatedit,sothattheycanknowwhomtoblame,whomtovoteagainst,whomtoimpeach.Butthatisnotall.（如果宪法被违反了，人民必须知道是谁违反了宪法，这样他们才能知道该责怪谁，该投票反对谁，该弹劾谁）可知“whoquestion”涉及到A选项“违反宪法的人”以及C选项“人民对宪法的了解”，只有人民对宪法有了解，才能知道如何责怪，投票以及弹劾；第二段Thewhoquestionalsoestablishesthetwobasicformsofjudicialreview.（谁的问题也确立了司法审查的两种基本形式）可知“whoquestion”涉及到B选项“司法审查的基本形式”；在原文中“whoquestion”没有涉及D选项“公众对政府官员的意见”。因此D选项符合题意。

69.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“Thefundamentaldichotomy”定位到原文第三段Thisfundamentaldichotomy,betweenjudicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction,istheorganizingdichotomyofconstitutionallaw.（这种对立法行为的司法审查与行政行为的司法审查之间的基本二分法，就是宪法的组织二分法）可知选C选项“立法行动和行政行动”；A选项“‘成文法面临的挑战’和‘成文法已应用的挑战’”，B选项“法规和政府角色”以及D选项“立法行为的司法审查和行政行为的司法审查”都不符合原文。因此C选项正确。

70.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】词义推测题。根据题干关键字定位到原文最后一段Judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveactionaretwofundamentallydifferententerprises—formally,structurally,temporallydifferent.Andthesebasicdifferencesdictateboththestructureandthesubstanceofjudicialreview.（对立法行为的司法审查与对行政行为的司法审查是两个形式上、结构上、时间上完全不同的项目。这些基本差异决定了司法审查的结构和实质），“enterprises”本身表示企业，但是根据原文，探讨的内容是宪法的问题，和商业无关，排除C选项“商业活动”和D选项“商业公司”；B选项“参与的勇气和意愿”并不是原文所表达的内容；从原文可以判断出“enterprises”表示“项目”，A选项“项目”符合原文。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Iwouldn’t______tointerfere.Instead,Iletmystudentsmaketheirowndecision

问题1选项

A.resume

B.presume

C.assume

D.consume

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resume“重新开始，恢复，继续”；B选项presume“假设，冒昧，擅自主张”；C选项assume“假定，认为，承担”；D选项consume“消耗，消费”。根据转折词Instead后面的内容可知B选项符合语义。句意：我将不会擅自干涉。相反，我让我的学生们自己做决定。

5.单选题

Themedicine（

）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

问题1选项

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.mediated

D.deteriorated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。activate“刺激，激活”；mediate“调停”；deteriorate“恶化”，alleviate“减轻”。句意：这种药物减轻了他的痛苦，但是没有治愈他。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

SincethefirstsettlersfromEnglandhadarrivedinVirginiaintheseventeenthcentury,independencefortheUnitedStateswasalongtimecoming.ButevenifEnglandhadnotgiventhecoloniescauseforrebellion,therewouldprobablyhavebeenaseparationfromthemothercountry,fortherootsofAmericanindependencelayinthecharacteroftheAmericancolonists.AnypeoplewhowouldwillinglyforsakethecomfortsandsafetyoftheOldWorldtowrestahomefromthewildernessintherawNewWorldwouldnevertakekindlytoareinontheirliberties.AndEnglandassuredlydidstirthecoloniststorebellionbyitsWritsofAssistance,StampAct,andtaxontea.Further,manyofthecolonistshadneverseenEngland,eitherbeingdescendantsofEnglishsettlersorcomingfromfamiliesrootedinothernations;thus,thetiestoEnglandweretenuousatbest.

Aswithanyexplosivesituation,however,ittookasingleacttoignitethepowderkeg.Thelightforthefusewassupplied"whenEngland'staxedteawasthrownoverboardfromshipsinBostonHarborinDecemberof1773inwhatiscalledtheBostonTeaParty.Englanddemandedpayment,anditsBostonPortActproposedtoclosetheharboruntiltheteawaspaidfor."Withthis,allthirteencoloniesflared.Theysaw,clearly,thatBoston'sfatecouldbetheirown,andthatBoston'sfightwastheirfight.Alone,nocolonycouldprevailagainstEngland.Together,theyhadafightchance.ThemovementtounitebeganatanunofficialsessionoftheVirginiaHouseofBurgessesonMay27,1774.BySeptemberofthissameyeartheFirstContinentalCongressmetandforcedthenucleusofaunion.ThedelegatesagreedtoboycottBritishgoods.BeforetheSecondContinentalCongresscouldholditsfirstmeetingonMay10,1775,theAmericanRevolutionhadbegun.WiththeshotsexchangedbetweenthecolonistsandtheBritishatLexingtonandConcordonApril19,1775,thenationexplodedintowar.ByJunetheAmericanshadanarmywithGeorgeWashingtonasitscommanderinchief.Byspringof1776allthirteencoloniesdelegatestoCongressfeltkeenlythemandateofthepeople.TheSecondContinentalCongressmetinPhiladelphiainJuneandformedacommitteetodrawupaDeclarationofIndependence.ThomasJeffersonwasappointedbythecommitteetodrafttheDeclaration.TheDeclarationasweknowittodaywasunanimouslyadoptedonJuly4,andwassignedonAugust2,1776.

TheDeclarationofIndependencecontainedfiveofthemostearthshakingwordseverwritten,“...allmenarecreatedequal.”Notsincethesigningof...England'sMagnaCartain1215hadsuchanastonishingideafounditswayintothepublicconsciousness.Thedocumenthasoftenbeenconfusedwithadeclarationofwar,whichitdefinitelywasnot,sincewashadexistedbeforeJuly4,1776.ItwasprimarilyastatementofthereasonstotheworldofthecolonistsforwishingindependencefromEngland:Astheworldtookheed,thephrase“...allmenarecreatedequal”stuckinmen'smindsandcouldnotbedislodged.ThefervorforfreedomflamedinFrancewherethatnation'sfirstgreatrevolutionbeganin1789,foughtunderthebannerof“Liberty,Equality,andFraternity.”Later,PresidentAbrahamLincolnwastosay,“IhaveofteninquiredofmyselfwhatgreatprincipleorideaitwasthatkeptthisConfederacysolongtogether.ItwasnotthemerematteroftheseparationoftheColoniesfromthemotherland;butthatsentimentintheDeclarationofIndependencewhichgaveliberty,notalonetothepeopleofthiscountry,but,Ihope,totheworld,forallfuturetime.”

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theseparationfromEnglandwas（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?

3.Theword"boycott"inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

4.Whatcanyoulearnfromthelastparagraph?

5.Wecaninferthat（）.

6.Theword"document"inline3ofthelastparagraphrefersto（）.

7.Theword"motherland"refersto（）.

问题1选项

A.inevitable

B.avoidable

C.doomedtofailure

D.reconcilable

问题2选项

A.ThethirteenstatesusedtobecoloniesofEngland.

B.ThomasJeffersonwasappointedtodrafttheDeclarationofIndependence.

C.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasactuallyadeclarationofwar.

D.GeorgeWashingtonwasthecommanderinchiefoftheAmericanarmy.

问题3选项

A.Tobewillingtoaccept

B.Tohesitatetotake

C.Tobreak

D.Torefusetobuy

问题4选项

A.TheDeclarationofIndependencecontained"allmenarecreatedequal".

B.AbrahamLincolnspokehighlyofthedocument.

C.TheDeclarationofIndependencehasafar-reachinginfluenceontheworld.

D.Peoplewerefrightenedbythefivewords.

问题5选项

A.BostonTeaPartystartedthemovementofindependence

B.theDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedin1215

C.Englandwantedtomakemoneybygoverningthecolonists

D.ThomasJeffersonbecameawritereversincehewrotetheDeclarationofIndependence

问题6选项

A.England'sMagnaCarta

B.DeclarationofIndependence

C.anastonishingidea

D.wayintothepublicconsciousness

问题7选项

A.America

B.Union

C.Colonies

D.England

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“ButevenifEnglandhadnotgiventhecoloniescauseforrebellion,therewouldprobablyhavebeenaseparationfromthemothercountry...”即使英国没有激发殖民地的起义,美国也很可能会从英国分裂出去,也就是说,美国的独立是无法避免的。选项A正确。

2.根据最后一段第三句“Thedocumenthasoftenbeenconfusedwithadeclarationofwar,whichitdefinitelywasnot,...”可知,选项C不正确。

3.根据上文可知,波士顿倾茶运动是殖民地对英国感到不满,由此引发殖民地团结起来反抗英国。所以,他们对英国的商品是抵制的态度,选项D最符合原文语境。

4.根据最后一段的内容可知,选项A是原文中的事实；选项C中根据林肯总统说的hope可推断出《独立宣言》暂时只是对美国产生了深远的影响,还没有影响到世界；选项D表述错误；选项B林肯总统对《独立宣言》给予了高度的评价,符合原文。

5.根据第二段前半部分可知,波士顿茶党是对殖民地进行反抗,没有涉及到独立,所以选项A不正确；根据原文可知,《独立宣言》是于1776年起草的,1215年颁布的是英国的《大宪章》,所以选项B也错误；选项D在文中没有提及；选项C英国想通过统治殖民者来赚钱,正确。

6.根据上下文可知,人们常常将这个文件和《宣战书》混为一谈,实际上它并不是。由此可知,这个文件指的是《独立宣言》

7.根据原文可知,这里指美国从英国独立出来,所以“motherland”指的是英国,选项D正确。

7.翻译题

Anunremarkedconsequenceofournewinformationage—onethatwillinfluencereaders,writers,andpublishersinthefuture—isthatbadwriting,chatspeak,text,millionsofmessageboardpoststhatcomefromandleadnowhere,arehavingacheapeningeffectonallwrittencontent.EditorsandnewsdirectorstodayfretabouttheInternetastheirpredecessorsworriedaboutradioandTV,andallnowseethehugethreattheWebrepresentstothewaytheydistributetheirproduct.

TheideathatthepracticeandcraftofwritingcansimplyretoolitselfforthedigitalageoverlooksthefactthattheWebisgivingrisetototallyuniqueformsofexpression,awritingthatisdifferentfromthekindtraditionallyfoundinbooks.

Forloversofliterarywriting,whoarenowwatchingthemarketplaceandInterneterodetheremainsofnineteenth-centuryprintculture,theseassurancesmaynotbeparticularlyconsoling.Wehavenochoicebuttoacceptthem.Arguingagainsttheforcesofdigitalizationisasmuchalosingbattleascursingthecomingoftheeveningtide.

Butbeforeweinvestourselvestoodeeplyinthisfuture,considerthis:Ifnewtechnologiesexposethebiasesinherentinprintandtext,sotheconverseistrueaswell.Codingskillsarehighlymarketableinthetwenty-firstcentury.We,asacivilization,areduty-boundtoencouragetechnologicalknow-how.

However,beforewemakethemistakeofconvincingourselvesthataknackforwritingsoftwareismorevaluablethantheabilitytosimplywritewell,wemightconsiderlookinganewatthesouvenirthatisthebook.Oneday,computerprograms—theseobjectsofourfascinationandfrustration—willlearntowritethemselves.Andwe’llbeleftwithourideas,howevergrandorshallow.

【答案】信息新时代有一个不太会引人注意的后果，那就是蹩脚的写作。闲聊也好，文本也好，还有留言板上不计其数的跟帖都来无踪去无影，使文字内容大打折扣，对未来的读者、作者和编辑都将产生很大影响。今天的编辑和新闻主管为因特网而苦恼不已，恰如其前辈们担心收音机和电视那样（会抢他们的饭碗）。他们都认为网络形成的巨大威胁会影响自己产品的销路。

有一种观念认为，写作练习及技巧完全可重振写作，以适应数字时代。这种观点忽视了这样一种事实：网络正在引发一些非常独特的表达形式，这种写作完全不同于常见的传统书本模式。

对喜爱文学写作、正目睹图书市场和因特网侵蚀十九世纪印刷文化残余的人而言，这些断言可能并不怎么令人宽慰。但除了接受，我们别无选择。与数字化势力抗辩无疑是一场必败之仗，就如同诅咒晚潮的到来一样徒劳。

但在尚未过深卷入前，我们不妨考虑一下：如果说新技术暴露了印刷和文本的固有偏见，那么反过来也可以说，书面文字极其适合揭示数字时代的短视。编码技术在21世纪极为畅销。随着文明的发展，我们应义不容辞地鼓励掌握技术诀窍。

然而，要是以为编写软件的诀窍比流畅写作的能力更有价值，那就错了。在尚未犯错之前，我们或许有必要重新审视一下历史的纪念品——书籍。有朝一日，电脑编程这一既让人着迷又令人失望的东西将学会自己编程。而我们的思想会被弃之一旁——宏观高论也好，肤浅短见也罢。

8.单选题

Thegovernmentgavemoneytopeopletohelpbuyhomesoutsideofthecities.Thissystemof（）housingcausedmanypeopletoleaveurbanareas.

问题1选项

A.invested

B.provided

C.sustained

D.subsidized

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。本题考查动词的过去分词形式作修饰词时的词义辨析。A选项investe“投资的”；B选项provide“给予”；C选项sustained“持续的”；D选项subsidized“补贴的；补助的”。句意：政府向人们提供资金，帮助他们在城市以外买房子。这种……住房制度使得许多人离开城市。前句明确说明是政府提供资金，属于补贴政策，因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.

Butasrecentlyasin1968,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,educationandmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofStrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.

Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonallyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.

In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.

1.FromtheprinciplesoftheU.S.jurysystem,welearnthat________.

2.Thepracticeofselectingso-calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed________.

3.AftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed,________.

4.IndiscussingtheU.S.jurysystem,thetextcenterson________.

问题1选项

A.bothliterateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuries

B.defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeers

C.noagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryservice

D.judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic

问题2选项

A.theinadequacyofantidiscriminationlaws

B.theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces

C.theconflictingidealsinjuryselectionprocedures

D.thearrogancecommonamongtheSupremeCourtjudges

问题3选项

A.sexdiscriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolished

B.educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurors

C.jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunity

D.statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem

问题4选项

A.itsnatureandproblems

B.itscharacteristicsandtradition

C.itstraditionanddevelopment

D.itsproblemsandtheirsolutions

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

FromtheprinciplesoftheU.S.jurysystem,welearnthat________.从美国陪审团制度的原则中，我们了解到________。

A.bothliterateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuriesA.有无文化都可以担任陪审员

B.defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeersB.被告不受其同侪的审判

C.noagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryserviceC.陪审员的年龄不受限制

D.judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublicD.判决应该考虑公众的观点

【答案】D

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词ResearchCenter定位到第一段第一句，该处讲到“判决应代表社会的良知（representtheconscienceofthecommunity），而不仅仅是法律条文。”，可知判决应该考虑在社会中公众的想法，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“有无文化都可以担任陪审员”：对应第一段第一句“所有符合最低年龄和文化水平（meetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracy）的公民都有同等能力担任陪审员”，可知陪审员需要有文化，属于反向干扰；

B选项“被告不受其同侪的审判”：对应第一段第一句“被告有权接受同侪的审判（defendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers）”，可知本选项不符合文章内容，属于反向干扰；

C选项“陪审员的年龄不受限制”：对应第一段第一句“所有符合最低年龄和文化水平（meetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracy）的公民都有同等能力担任陪审员”，可知陪审员有年龄限制，属于反向干扰。

第2题:【选项释义】

Thepracticeofselectingso-calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed________.1968年以前选拔所谓精英陪审员的惯例体现出________。

A.theinadequacyofantidiscriminationlawsA.反歧视法的不完善

B.theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainracesB.对某些种族的普遍歧视

C.theconflictingidealsinjuryselectionproceduresC.陪审团遴选程序中矛盾的理想

D.thearrogancecommonamongtheSupremeCourtjudgesD.最高法院法官中普遍存在的傲慢

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词so-calledelitejurors定位到第二段最后一句，该处讲到“挑选所谓的精英或蓝丝带陪审团（selectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuries），这一做法是回避这一法律和其他反歧视法的便利途径（aroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws）。”，可知这体现出反歧视法还存在不足之处，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“对某些种族的普遍歧视”：对应第二段最后一句“美国最高法院禁止在选择陪审团时存在故意的种族歧视（prohibitedintentionalracialdiscrimination）”，禁止歧视不代表歧视普遍存在，属于推理过度；

C选项“陪审团遴选程序中矛盾的理想”：对应第二段第一句“陪审团的遴选程序（juryselectionprocedures）与这些民主理想（democraticideals）发生了冲突（conflicted）”，可知矛盾的是遴选程序和民主理想，而非遴选程序本身，属于偷换概念；

D选项“最高法院法官中普遍存在的傲慢”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。

第3题:【选项释义】

AftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed,________.《陪审团遴选及服务法案》通过后，________。

A.sexdiscriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolishedA.在遴选陪审团时的性别歧视违反宪法，必须废除

B.educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurorsB.在挑选联邦陪审员时教育要求变得不那么严格了

C.jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunityC.州一级的陪审员应该代表整个社区

D.statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystemD.各州在改革陪审制度方面应与联邦法院保持一致

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词JurySelectionandServiceAct定位到第四段第一句“美国国会通过了《陪审团遴选及服务法案》（JurySelectionandServiceAct）”，结合该段第二句“这项法律废除了对联邦陪审员的特殊教育要求（abolishedspecialeducationalrequirements）”，可知这项法律通过以后，对陪审员的教育要求没有那么高了，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“在遴选陪审团时的性别歧视违反宪法，必须废除”：这个法案没有要求在性别上平等，属于无中生有；

C选项“州一级的陪审员应该代表整个社区”：对应第四段第三句“最高法院将陪审团必须代表社区整体的要求扩大到州一级（extended…representativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel）”，这里指的是把陪审团所代表的范围从社区扩大到州，而不是州一级的陪审员应该代表整个社区，属于偷换概念；

D选项“各州在改革陪审制度方面应与联邦法院保持一致”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。

第4题:【选项释义】

IndiscussingtheU.S.jurysystem,thetextcenterson________.在讨论美国陪审团制度时，文本以________为中心。

A.itsnatureandproblemsA.其性质和问题

B.itscharacteristicsandtraditionB.其特点和传统

C.itstraditionanddevelopmentC.其传统与发展

D.itsproblemsandtheirsolutionsD.其问题和解决方案

【答案】C

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】第一段提出美国陪审团制度（jurysystem）的基本原则（principles），第二段讲近年陪审团的遴选程序与民主理想发生冲突（juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals），第三段讲在20世纪，女性仍然不在陪审团遴选之列（failedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuries），第四段讲1968年美国国会通过《陪审团遴选和服务法案》（theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct）。综上所述，本文以时间节点展开行文，讲述了美国陪审团制度的传统与发展，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“其性质和问题”，B选项“其特点和传统”和D选项“其问题和解决方案”：是文章部分内容，不能概括全文，属于以偏概全。

10.单选题

Aseriesofrifleshotsdisturbedthe（

）ofthecampgrounds.

问题1选项

A.solidarity

B.tranquility

C.equanimity

D.propinquity

【答案】B

【解析】solidarity团结；tranquility宁静，平静；equanimity镇定；propinquity接近，邻近。句意：一连串的步枪射击打破了营地的宁静。选项B符合语境。

11.单选题

Youhavetothawthemeatbeforeitcanbecooked.

问题1选项

A.tenderize

B.defrost

C.season

D.braise

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。thaw意为“(结冰后)解冻，融化，融解”；tenderize意为“使嫩，使软化”；defrost意为“（给……）化霜，（使）解冻”；season意为“加调料调味，加作料”；braise意为“炖，焖”。

句意：烹饪肉之前，你得先解冻它。

12.单选题

Therewereanswerstothenatureoftheuniversebeyondmankind’s（

）reach.

问题1选项

A.intelligent

B.intellectual

C.intelligible

D.intangible

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项intelligent“智能的，聪明的，理解力强的”；B选项intellectual“智力的，聪明的，理智的”；C选项intelligible“可理解的，明了的”；D选项intangible“无形的，触摸不到的”，根据空格后面的单词“reach伸手可及的距离”，固定搭配beyondsb’sreach意思是“超出某人能触及到的范围”，句意为：这些关于宇宙性质的回答超过人类的理解能力。比较四个选项，B比较符合句子语境意思。

13.单选题

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveionsintheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electricallychargedparticles,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargerproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorm,earthquakeswhenwindssuchasthemistral,hamsinorsharavareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsoaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes,snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpaboutunaccountably.ThishasledtheUSgeographicalsurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffectofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachines,whichgeneratenegativeions.Theyclaimthationizersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/positiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsbyobservingtheeffectsonthemselves,oronothers,ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterallitisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexceedingpositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound（

）.

3.Somescientistsbelievethat（

）.

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Inaccordancewiththepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theythinktheyareinsane

B.Theyfeelratherbad-tempereda