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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国劳动关系学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

TheEnglishmanhasbeencalledapoliticalanimal,andhevalueswhatispoliticalandpracticalsomuchthatideaseasilybecomeobjectsofdislikeinhiseyes,andthinkers,miscreants,becausepracticeiseverything,afreeplayofthemindisnothing.Thenotionofthefreeplayofminduponallsubjectsbeingapleasureinitself,beinganobjectofdesire,beinganessentialproviderofelementswithoutwhichanation’sspirit,whatevercompensationsitmayhaveforthem,mustinthelongrun,dieofemptiness,hardlyentersintoanEnglishman’sthoughts.Itisnoticeablethatthewordcuriosity,whichinotherlanguagesisusedinagoodsense,tomean,asahighandfinequalityofman’snature,justthisdisinterestedloveofaplayofthemindonallsubjects,foritsownsake—itisnoticeable,Isay,thatthiswordhasinourlanguagenosenseofthekind,nosensebutaratherbadanddisparagingone.Butcriticism,realcriticism,isessentiallytheexerciseofthisveryquality.

Itobeysaninstinctpromptingittotrytoknowthebestthatisknownandthoughtintheworld,irrespectivelyofpractice,politics,andeverythingofthekind;andtovalueknowledgeandthoughtastheyapproachthisbest,withouttheintrusionofanyotherconsiderationswhatsoever.Thisisaninstinctforwhichthereis,Ithink,littleoriginalsympathyinthepracticalEnglishnature,andwhattherewasofithasundergonealongbenumbingperiodofblightandsuppressionintheepochofRomanticism.

ItisofthelastimportancethatEnglishcriticismshouldclearlydiscernwhatruleofitscourse,inordertoavailitselfofthefieldnowopeningtoit,andtoproducefruitforthefuture,itoughttotake,whichmaybesummedupinoneword—disinterestedness.Andhowiscriticismtoshowdisinterestedness?Bykeepingalooffromwhatiscalled“thepracticalviewofthings”;byresolutelyfollowingthelawofitsownnature,whichistobeafreeplayofthemindonallsubjectsittouches.Bysteadilyrefusingtolenditselftoanyofthoseconcealed,political,practicalconsiderationsaboutideas,whichplentyofpeoplewillbesuretoattachtothem,butwhichcriticismhasnothingtodowith.Itsbusinessis,asIhavesaid,simplytoknowthebestthatisknownandthoughtintheworld,andbyinitsturnmakingthisknown,tocreateacurrentoftrueandfreshideas.Itsbusinessistodothiswithinflexiblehonesty,withdueability;butitsbusinessistodonomore.

【答案】对所有事物的自由思考本身就是一种乐趣,一种愿望,为民族精神提供了赖以生存的重要因素,不管其他什么样的补偿,一个国家的民族精神终究会由于空洞而消逝。但这种认识很难进入英国人的思想。

好奇心遵循一种本能,促使它不考虑实践、政治和所有类似的事物,汲取世界上知识和思想的精华;并且促使它在这个过程中不受任何其他考虑的侵扰,珍视知识和思想。

至关重要的是,英国的批评界若想利用向它敞开的领域,若想在将来有所收获,必须清楚应该为自己的发展道路选择什么样的原则。这种原则可以用“客观”一词加以概括。

2.单选题

SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpectto_____wonderfulbargainsinthemarket.

问题1选项

A.pickup

B.bumpinto

C.pileup

D.bringback

【答案】A

【解析】pickup捡起,获得,买到;bumpinto偶然碰上,猛撞,猛击;pileup堆集,相撞;bringback拿回来,使...恢复;使...回忆起。句意:有些人喜欢在星期天购物,因为他们希望能在市场上买到物美价廉的东西。选项A符合句意。

3.单选题

Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,()trafficdelays.

问题1选项

A.affording

B.accountingfor

C.allowingfor

D.acknowledging

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析。afford“给予,提供,买得起”;accountfor“对...负有责任,对...作出解释”,allowfor“考虑到,顾及”;acknowledge“承认,答谢”。句意:考虑到交通拥堵,我们到火车站还要20分钟。选项C符合句意。

4.单选题

Thisarticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachmakingonemajorpoint(

)theother.

问题1选项

A.inhonorof

B.inaccordancewith

C.incontrastwith

D.inagreementwith

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析题。A选项inhonorof“为庆祝”;B选项inaccordancewith“依照,与…一致”;C选项incontrastwith“与…形成对比”;D选项inagreementwith“同意,与…一致”。句意:这篇文章的开头和结尾是对两篇新闻报道的描述,每一篇都有一个主要观点与另一篇形成对比。选项C符合语境。

5.写作题

Writeanessayabout200wordsasyouranswertothefollowingquestion:“ShouldtheChinesegovernmentpaymoreattentionandinvestmoreineducationforchildrenintheruralarea?”WriteyouransweronyourANSWERSHEETII.

【答案】Nowadays,thesocietycalledformoreeffortstoupgradetheeducationqualityinthevastwesternruralarea,wheretheeconomywasrelativelybackward.Toimprovetheeducationqualityinthewesternprovinces,especiallyintheruralarea,weshouldpromotesocialharmony,coordinatedevelopmentbetweenthecitiesandthecountryside,andpayattentiontothelong-termdevelopmentofthewesternregion.Moreinvestmentshouldbeinjectedintotheeducationsectorinthewesternruralareatoallowruralstudentstoreceivetheirfreenine-yearcompulsoryeducation.Thegovernmentshouldattractmoreoutstandingteacherstoserveinthecountryside.Also,moreeffortsshouldbemadetoimprovetheteachingandboardingfacilitiesforruralstudents,andteachingmethodsshouldalsobeimprovedtohelpstudentsdevelopcreativethinking.Theauthorityshouldalsostresstheimportanceofeducationforethnicminorities.Moreeffortsshouldbemadetodevelopethnicminorityeducationsoastomakecontributiontothecommonprosperityofallnationalities.

6.单选题

Inthesetimes,whenourformofgovernmentisbeingcriticizedbypeopleofmanydifferentbeliefs,itisimportantthatweunderstandtheprinciplesonwhichoursocietywasfounded.Toooftentheseprinciplesaredisregardedbytheverypeoplewhoaremostvociferousindefendingthecountryagainstcriticism.Basictoourdemocracyisabeliefthattruthcanonlybearrivedatthroughafreeinterchangeofideas.Freedomofspeechisoneofourmostcherishedvalues.Nevertheless,withatotaldisregardoftheprinciplesofdemocraticfairplay,theaveragecitizenisapttohurlrashaccusationsinanattempttosilenceanyonewhomaynotagreewithhim.Toomanycitizensunderstanddemocracyonlyasasloganandhavenorealconceptthatdemocracyinpracticemeanswemusttoleratetheexpressionofunpopularideas.

Ourlistofdeadlysinsshouldberevisedtoincludethemisrepresentationofprinciplestogratifyone’spersonalspiteorvanity,thebetrayalofgreatcausesbymakingthemthecloakforpersonaladvancement,andthedebasementofhighidealsbyusingthemasapretextforthecalumniationofhonorablemen.

Thecommongoodshouldnotbemadeapoliticalfootball,fortheonlythingthatbindsmenisacommontrust,thethingthatunitesthemisacausetheyshare.Thatcausemustbesomethinggreaterthanmerepersonalpromotion.Thecauseforwhichmenliveandfightcannotappealtotheirpocketbookalone,butmustalsoappealtotheirhearts.

Letustakealessonfromthoserevolutionarieswhopromiseimpoverishedpeoplenotonlylandbutalsoavision.Itistruethattheirpoliciesoftencontradictthepromisestheymade,buttheyfirstwintheirwaybyproclaimingavisionwhichinspirespeople.Leninhimself,thesupremetechnicianofpolicy,knewhecouldnotachievehisendssimplybyplayingupdiscontents,masterashewasatthatgame.Heknewhecouldnotwinthepeopleovermerelybystirringuphatredsorappealingtoself-interest.Thepeoplemustfeelthethrobofagreatercause,glimpseavisionofabetterworld.

Thisvisionisparticularlynecessarytowintheloyaltiesoftheyoung.Wecertainlywillnotinspirethemifwemakeourcaseonthegroundthatcapitalisticplanningismoreefficientthansocialisticplanning.Efficientforwhat?Andforwhom?Theplannersaresometimesefficientenoughinseekingtheirowngainattheexpenseofthecommongood.No,wemustseekstrongerandhighergroundsifwearetoconvinceevenourselvesthatoursisthebestway.

Thatiswhyitisdeplorablethatinthiscountrywearesocomplacentaboutourheritage.Wedonotappreciatethestrengthandvitalityofthethingthatunitedus.Sowecarrylittleconvictionwhenwearechallengedtodefendourwayoflife.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthebasictenetsofdemocracyisapparentlyoneof().

2.Theauthorimpliesthatimpoverishedpeopleoftenconsiderthepromiseofrevolutionariestobe()

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmoststronglyunitesmen?

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinthepassageisto().

问题1选项

A.objectiveinterest

B.hostileantagonism

C.hesitantacceptance

D.enthusiasticapproval

问题2选项

A.falseandtreacherous

B.credibleandinspiring

C.ambiguousandconfusing

D.superficialandirrelevant

问题3选项

A.Self-interest.

B.Thepressureofeconomicnecessity.

C.Discontentwithacommonoppressor.

D.Thesharedidealofmakingabetterworld.

问题4选项

A.praisethepropagandamethodsofothernations

B.encouragethespreadofdemocracytounderdevelopedlands

C.urgegreaterdevotiontotheidealsofdemocracy

D.criticizethosewhoputself-interestaheadoftheinterestsoftheircountry

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthebasictenetsofdemocracyisapparentlyoneof______.1.作者对民主基本原则的态度显然是一种______。

A.objectiveinterestA.客观利益

B.hostileantagonismB.敌对态度

C.hesitantacceptanceC.犹豫的接受

D.enthusiasticapprovalD.热情赞同

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】根据第一段的第一句“当我们的政府形式受到许多不同信仰的人的批评时,我们必须理解(itisimportantthatweunderstand)我们社会赖以建立的原则”,从important(重要的)和understand(理解)可推测出,作者对民主基本原则的态度是热情的赞成,所以选项D更准确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“客观利益”没有提到,无中生有;

B项“敌对态度”和C项“犹豫的接受”根据解题思路可知,曲解原文。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Theauthorimpliesthatimpoverishedpeopleoftenconsiderthepromiseofrevolutionariestobe______.2.作者暗示说,贫困的人们通常认为革命者的承诺是______。

A.falseandtreacherousA.错误和危险的

B.credibleandinspiringB.可靠和鼓舞人心的

C.ambiguousandconfusingC.模糊和混淆的

D.superficialandirrelevantD.肤浅和无关紧要的

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第四段第二句“他们的政策常常与他们所作的承诺相矛盾,但他们首先是通过宣布一个鼓舞人心的愿景(avisionwhichinspirespeople)来赢得胜利的”,从中可知,作者暗示穷人往往认为革命者做出的承诺是鼓舞人心的。B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“错误和危险的”、C项“模糊和混淆的”和D项“肤浅和无关紧要的”根据解题思路可知,属于曲解原文。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmoststronglyunitesmen?3.根据作者的观点,以下哪项最能将人们团结起来?

A.Self-interest.A.利己主义。

B.Thepressureofeconomicnecessity.B.经济需要的压力。

C.Discontentwithacommonoppressor.C.对普通压迫者的不满。

D.Thesharedidealofmakingabetterworld.D.创造更美好世界的共同理想。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“把人们凝聚在一起的唯一东西是共同的信任,把人们团结在一起的东西是他们共同的事业”,可知将人们团结在一起的是共同的信任和事业,这与D项“创造更美好世界的共同理想”表述相符合,该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“利己主义”、B项“经济需要的压力”和C项“对普通压迫者的不满”根据解题思路可知,这三项都不能将人们团结起来,与原文不符,属于曲解原文。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinthepassageisto______.4.作者在文章中的主要目的是为了______。

A.praisethepropagandamethodsofothernationsA.赞扬其他国家的宣传方法

B.encouragethespreadofdemocracytounderdevelopedlandsB.鼓励在欠发达地区推广民主

C.urgegreaterdevotiontotheidealsofdemocracyC.敦促人们更加献身于民主的理想

D.criticizethosewhoputself-interestaheadoftheinterestsoftheircountryD.批评那些把个人利益置于国家利益之上的人

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】根据第一段的最后一句“太多的公民只把民主理解为一种口号,而没有真正的概念,即民主在实践中意味着我们必须容忍不受欢迎的思想的表达”,综合理解全文可知,整个文章都在讲民主原则以及对它的正确理解,鼓励人们为创立一个更加美好的世界而努力,所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是敦促大家更多地献身于民主的理想。该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“赞扬其他国家的宣传方法”和B项“鼓励在欠发达地区推广民主”在文中没有提及,属于无中生有;

D项“批评那些把个人利益置于国家利益之上的人”在文中虽然提到了,但并不是文章主旨,属于以偏概全。

7.翻译题

随着中世纪结构的崩溃和现代生产方式的兴起,劳动的意义和作用发生了根本性的变化,这在新教国家表现的尤为突出。因为人对刚刚获得的自由感到不知所措,心里老是想着如何以一种狂热的活动来消除自己的疑虑和恐惧。这种活动无论成功或是失败都将决定他的灵魂能否获救,表明他是灵魂得救者。劳动本身不再能给人带来满足感和快乐,而是变成了一种责任和强迫性的活动。劳动致富的可能性越大,劳动就越会成为纯粹获得财富和成功的一种手段。用麦克斯•韦伯的话来说,在“内心深处追名逐利的苦行主义”的体系中,劳动变成了主要的因素,成了解决人的孤单和封闭感的一种办法。

PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【答案】WiththecollapsingofthestructureofMiddleAgesandtherisingofthemodernproductionmodel,thefundamentalchangeshavetakenplaceinthesignificanceandfunctionoflabor,whichisparticularlyoutstandingintheProtestantcountries,becausepeoplefeeloverwhelmedbythefreedomtheyhavejustobtained,andkeepwonderinghowtoeliminatetheirowndoubtsandfearsinacrazyactivity.Whetheritissuccessfulornot,thisactivitywilldeterminewhetherhissoulcanberescuedanddemonstratethatheorsheistheonewhosesoulhasbeensavedortheonelost.Laboritselfcannotbringsatisfactionandhappinesstopeopleanylonger,butithasbecomeakindofresponsibilityandcompulsiveactivity.Thegreaterthechanceofmakingfortunebyworkingis,themorechanceoflaborbecomingawayofpurelyobtainingwealthandsuccess.JustasMaxWebersays,inthesystemof“autoeroticismofseekingfameandgaininginthedepthofone’sheart”,thelaborhasbecomethemainfactorandthesolutiontothelonelinessandself-closingofpeople.

8.单选题

Thereareover6,000differentcomputerandonlinegamesintheworldnow.Asegmentofthemareconsideredtobebotheducationalandharmlesslyentertaining.Onesuchgameteachesgeography,andanothertrainspilots.Otherstraintheplayerinlogicalthinkingandproblemsolving.Somegamesmayalsohelppeopletobecomemorecomputerliterate,whichismoreimportantinthistechnology-drivenera.

Butthedarksideofthecomputergameshasbecomesmoreandmoreobvious.“Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage,”saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.“Unfortunately,it'sasegmentthatseemsparticularlypopularwithkidsagedeighttofifteen.”

Onestudyshowedthatalmost80percentofthecomputerandonlinegamesyoungpeoplepreferredcontainedviolence.Theinvestigatorssaid“Thesearenotjustgamesanymore.Thesearelearningmachines.We’reteachingkidsinthemostincrediblemannerwhatit'sliketopullthetrigger.Whattheyarenotlearningarethereal-lifeconsequences.”

Theyalsosaid“Thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesareevenworse,becausetheyhavebettergraphicsandallowtheplayerstoparticipateinevenmorerealisticviolentacts.”InthegameCarmageddon,forexample,theplayerwillhavedrivenoverandkilledupto33,000peoplebythetimealllevelsarecompleteD.Adescriptionoftheoutcomeofthegamesays:“Yourvictimsnotonlysquishunderyourtiresandsplatterbloodonthewindshield;theyalsogetontheirkneesandbegformercy,orcommitsuicide.Ifyoulike,youcanalsodismemberthem.”

Isallthisstimulatedviolenceharmful?Approximately3,000differentstudieshaveconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.

Somespecialistsdownplaytheinfluenceofthegames,sayingthatotherfactorsmustbetakenintoconsideration,suchasthepossibilitythatkidswhoalreadyhaveviolenttendenciesarechoosingsuchgames.Butcoulditbethatviolentgamesstillplayacontributionrole?Itseemsunrealistictoinsistthatpeoplearenotinfluencedbywhattheysee.Ifthatweretrue,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfortelevisionadvertising?

1.Accordingtoonestudy,mostcomputerandonlinegames______.

2.Whatdoestheword“dismember”inParagraph4mean?

3.Manystudieshavesuggestedthat______.

4.Theauthoruses“televisionadvertising”asanexampletoillustratethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforpassageis______.

问题1选项

A.allowtheplayerstotakepartinkillingacts

B.thatyoungpeoplelikeinvolveviolence

C.teachtheplayerstobeantisocial

D.maketheplayersforgettherealliferesults

问题2选项

A.Tocutsomebodyintopieces

B.Tokicksomebodyout

C.Todismisssomebody

D.Tostabaknifeintosomebody

问题3选项

A.moreandmoreyoungpeopleappreciatecruelcomputergames

B.therearenowfarmoreincidentsofviolenceduetocomputergames

C.violenceincomputergamesmakestheirplayermoreaggressive

D.simulatedviolenceincomputergamesisdifferentfromreallife

问题4选项

A.otherfactorsmustbeconsideredaspossiblecausesofviolenceinreallife

B.thereisacloselinkbetweencomputergamesandincreasinglygrowingviolenceinreallife

C.computerandonlinegamesarenottheonlycauseofincreasedviolenceinreality

D.thecommercialworldiscontributingtotheincreasedviolenceinreality

问题5选项

A.TheDevelopmentofViolentComputerGames

B.AstudyontheInfluenceofComputerandOnlineGames

C.TheDarkSideofComputerandOnlineGames

D.ComputerandOnlineGames—AdvantagesandDisadvantages

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage.”saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.中文翻译为:国家媒体与家庭研究所所长大卫•沃尔什说,部分游戏以暴力、性和粗俗语言为反社会主题。A选项“允许玩家参与杀戮行为”可排除。B选项“年轻人喜欢使用暴力”可排除。D选项“让玩家忘记现实生活的结果”可排除。C选项“教导玩家要反社会”最符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.词义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段中最后一句“youcanalsodismemberthem.”中文翻译为:你也可以肢解它们。B选项“把某人赶出去”排除。C选项“解雇某人”不符合题意。D选项“用刀刺某人”也可排除。由此可知A选项“把某人切成碎片”正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段“Approximately3,000differentstudieshaveconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.”中文翻译为:大约有3000个不同的研究在这个问题上进行。许多人认为游戏中的暴力行为和玩家攻击性的增强之间存在联系A选项“越来越多的年轻人喜欢残酷的电脑游戏”不符合题意,故排除。B选项“现在有更多的暴力事件是由于电脑游戏”不符合题意,故排除。C选项“电脑游戏中的暴力使玩家更具攻击性”符合题意。因此C选项正确。D选项“电脑游戏中的模拟暴力不同于现实生活”不符合题意,故排除。

4.作者意图题。根据题干关键词“televisionadvertising”定位到原文第六段“Ifthatweretrue,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfortelevisionadvertising?”,中文翻译为:如果这是真的,为什么商业世界每年要花费数十亿美元在电视广告上。联系上下文,D选项“现实中,商业世界正在助长暴力的增加”最符合题意,因此选项D正确。A选项“其他因素也必须被认为是现实生活中暴力的可能原因”不符合题意,故排除。B选项“电脑游戏和现实生活中日益增长的暴力之间有着密切的联系”不符合题意,故排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏并不是现实中暴力增加的唯一原因”不符合题意,故排除。

5.判断推理题。A选项“TheDevelopmentofViolentComputerGames”暴力电脑游戏的发展,文章不仅仅讲暴力游戏的发展,故A选项排除。B选项“计算机和网络游戏的影响研究”,文章对于计算机并未提及,故B选项排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏的黑暗面”,在文章第一段也讲述了网络游戏的益处,故C选项排除。D选项“电脑和网络游戏的优点和缺点”最符合题意,故选D。

9.单选题

Thisresearchhasattractedwide()coverageandhasfeaturedonBBCtelevision'sTomorrow'sWorld.

问题1选项

A.message

B.information

C.media

D.data

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。mediacoverage表示“媒体报道”。句意:这个研究已吸引了广泛的媒体报道且成为英国广播公司的“未来世界”的特别节目。

10.单选题

Hisdebtshadtobe______afterhecommittedsuicidewithhisrifle.

问题1选项

A.laidoff

B.writtenoff

C.turnedoff

D.putoff

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项laidoff“下岗,解雇”;B选项writtenoff“一笔勾销;注销”;C选项turnedoff“关闭”;D选项putoff“推迟”。句意:他用步枪自杀后,他欠下的债务不得不______。根据语境,这里指他自杀后债务就不存在了,B选项writtenoff“一笔勾销;注销”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Behaviorsthatwedonotunderstandoftenbecomenearlyinvisible—evenwhen,inretrospect,weseehowtrulystrangetheyare.

WhenIwasapsychiatricresident,wehadafacultymemberwhowasfamousforhismessyoffice:stacksofpapersandoldjournalscoveredeverychairandtableaswellasmuchofthefloor.Oneday,asIwalkedpasttheopenofficedoorwithoneofmysupervisors,hemurmuredmildly,“Oddduck.”Andthatwasasfarasanyoneseemedtoreflectonthispeculiarstateofaffairswithinaninstitutionstaffedbypsychiatrists.Eventually,thefacultymemberhadtobegivenanotherofficeinwhichtoseepatients.

Notsurprisingly,thepsychiatricdiagnosticmanualdoesnotlist“messyroom”intheindex.Butitdoesmentionasymptom:inability“todiscardworn-outorworthlessobjectsevenwhentheyhavenosentimentalvalue.”Itcomesunderthediagnosisobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder,anobscurecousinofthemorefamousobsessive-compulsivedisorder.

Iwasbarelyawareofthediagnosis.Everyerahasmentaldisordersthatforculturalorscientificreasonsbecomepopular.InFreud’sdayitwashysteria.Currently,depressionhasmovedtocentrestage.Butotherailmentsgorelativelyignored,andthisdisorderwasone.

Itcamewithalistofadditionalsymptomsthatappearedtobepeculiarbedfellow:anxietyaboutspendingmoney,excessivedevotiontoworktotheexclusionofleisureactivities,rigidityaboutfollowingrules,perfectionismindoingtasks—attimestothepointofinterferingwithfinishingthem.

Inmoderation,thesymptomsseemedtofitrightinwithourworkaholicculture—perhapsexplainingthelowprofileofthediagnosis.Relentlessworkorientationandperfectionismmayevenbeassetsinrule-and-detail-orientedprofessionslikeaccountingorlaw.

Butwhenthesymptomsaretoointenseorpervasive,theybecomecrippling.Beneathseeminglyadaptivebehaviorsliesacentraldisability.Peoplewiththisdiagnosishaveenormousdifficultymakingdecisions.Theylacktheinternalsenseofcompletionthatmostofusexperienceattheendofachoiceoratask,evenoneassimpleasthrowingsomethingoutormakingapurchase.Inobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder,thisfeelingoccursonlyafterendlessdeliberationandrevision,ifatall.

Theneedtocomeupwiththe“correct”answer,thebestpurchaseortheperfectproposalleadstoexcessruminationovereachdecision.Itcanevenleadtocompleteparalysis.Forsuchpeople,rulesofallkindsareagodsend—theyrepresentpre-madedecisions,open-endedassignments,likewritingpapers,arenightmares.

Forsuchapatientorforapsychiatrist,understandingaclusterofdiagnosticsymptomscanbearevelation.Thepictureleapsoutfromthepreviouslydisorganizedbackground.Butundoubtedly,attimeswecanbecometooreductionistic,seeingpatternswherenoneexist:sometimesamessyroomisjustamessyroom.

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribespeople’sattitudetowardsthefacultymember?

7.Thepopularmentaldisorderofcurrenttime,accordingtotheauthor,is____.

8.Thereasonwhysymptomsofthe“obsessive-compulsivedisorder”gounnoticedisthat____.

9.Rulesaregodsendtopersonswiththeobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorderbecause____.

10.Fromthelastparagraphwecanseethattheauthor’sviewisthat____.

问题1选项

A.Theydislikedhim,andthat’swhyhegothisseparateroomtoseepatients.

B.Theythoughtheisalittlestrange,butdidn’tpaymuchattentiontohisbehavior.

C.Theywereinterestedinhisbehavior,astheywereallpsychiatrists.

D.Theythoughthehadsomementalretardation.

问题2选项

A.hysteria

B.depression

C.messiness

D.obsessive-compulsivedisorder

问题3选项

A.theyarehighlythoughtofinaccordingtolaw

B.someofthemildsymptomsfitinwithaworkaholicculture

C.theyhavealowprofile

D.theytakealongtimetobecomeintenseorpervasive

问题4选项

A.theydonotinvolvedecisionmaking

B.theyareopen-endedassignments

C.theyleadtocompleteparalysis

D.theyaremadebyothers

问题5选项

A.amessyroomisjustamessyroom

B.amessyroomisanindicationoftheobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder

C.psychiatristsshouldpayattentiontoamessyroom

D.psychiatristsshouldseepatternsofseeminglydisorganizedbehaviors,butshouldn’tbetooreductionistic

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】6.【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribespeople’sattitudetowardsthefacultymember?下列哪项最好地描述了人们对那位同事的态度?

A.Theydislikedhim,andthat’swhyhegothisseparateroomtoseepatients.A.他们不喜欢他,所以他才有单独的房间去看病。

B.Theythoughtheisalittlestrange,butdidn’tpaymuchattentiontohisbehavior.B.他们觉得他有一点儿奇怪,但是没有太注意他的行为。

C.Theywereinterestedinhisbehavior,astheywereallpsychiatrists.C.他们对他的行为感兴趣,因为他们都是精神病医生。

D.Theythoughthehadsomementalretardation.D.他们认为他有智力障碍。

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词people’sattitudetowardsthefacultymember定位到原文第2段。本段第3句提到作者和他的一位同事“路过那个医生的房间时,这个同事说(hemurmuredmildly)‘奇怪的家伙(Oddduck)’”,并且第4句说“在一个由精神科医生组成的机构里,这似乎是所有人对这种奇特状况的反映(thatwasasfarasanyoneseemedtoreflect)。”由此可知,人们都觉得这个医生的行为很奇怪,但他们对这种行为的反应也仅限于说一句奇怪而已,B选项“他们觉得他有一点儿奇怪,但是没有太关注他的行为”,符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他们不喜欢他,所以他才有单独的房间去看病”,虽然原文第2段最后一句提到“最后,不得不另外给这名医生分配一间诊室看病(hadtobegivenanotherofficeinwhichtoseepatients)”,但是原文并没有说之所以这么做是因为人们不喜欢他,并且原文也没有说人们不喜欢他,只是说觉得他奇怪,该选项属于过度推理;

C选项“他们对他的行为感兴趣,因为他们都是精神病医生”,原文提到人们的反应也不过是说一句奇怪而已,说明人们对他的行为不感兴趣,该选项属于曲解原文;

D选项“他们认为他有智力障碍”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有。

7.【选项释义】

Thepopularmentaldisorderofcurrenttime,accordingtotheauthor,is____.据作者介绍,目前流行的精神障碍是____。

A.hysteriaA.癔症

B.depressionB.抑郁症

C.messinessC.混乱

D.obsessive-compulsivedisorderD.强迫症

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Thepopularmentaldisorderofcurrenttime定位到原文第4段。本段第2句提到“每个时代都有因文化或科学原因而流行的精神障碍(mentaldisorders)。”另外,本段倒数第2句提到“目前(Currently),抑郁症(depression)已成为人们关注的焦点。”由此可知,B选项“抑郁症”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“癔症”,可定位到原文第4段第3句,该句提到“在弗洛伊德的时代(InFreud’sday),这是癔症(hysteria)。”由此可知,癔症是弗洛伊德时代流行的精神疾病,而不是现在,该选项属于张冠李戴;

C选项“混乱”原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

D选项“强迫症”,虽然原文第3段提到了强迫性人格障碍(obsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder),但是第4段最后一句说到这是现在“被忽视的(relativelyignored)疾病之一”,因此,该选项表述错误,属于曲解原文。

8.【选项释义】

Thereasonwhysymptomsofthe“obsessive-compulsivedisorder”gounnoticedisthat____.“强迫症”的症状没有被注意到的原因是____。

A.theyarehighlythoughtofinaccordingtolawA.根据法律它们评价很高

B.someofthemildsymptomsfitinwithaworkaholiccultureB.一些轻微的症状符合工作狂的文化

C.theyhavealowprofileC.这些症状不引人注目

D.theytakealongtimetobecomeintenseorpervasiveD.它们需要很长时间才会变得强烈或普遍

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词obsessive-compulsivedisorder和gounnoticed定位到原文第4段最后一句,该句提到“强迫症在当今时代被忽略了”。接下来的第5-6段对此进行了进一步介绍。第6段第1句提到“适度地情况下(inmoderation),这些症状似乎符合我们的工作狂文化(fitrightinwithourworkaholicculture)——这也许可以解释为什么该症状的诊断不那么引人注目”,由此可知,强迫症不那么引人注目可能是因为在适度的时候,符合工作狂的文化,B选项“一些轻微的症状符合工作狂的文化”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“根据法律它们评价很高”,原文第6段最后一句提到“不懈的工作导向和完美主义甚至可能是会计或法律等注重规则和细节的职业(inrule-and-detail-orientedprofessionslikeaccountingorlaw)的资产。”由此可知,原文指的是在法律行业,轻度的强迫症会被认为是优势,并不是说法律要求给强迫症很高的评价,该选项属于偷换概念;

C选项“这些症状不引人注目”,这是“它不受关注”的另一种说法,而不是原因;

D选项“它们需要很长时间才会变得强烈或普遍”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有。

9.【选项释义】

Rulesaregodsendtopersonswiththeobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorderbecause____.规则是强迫症患者天赐的礼物,因为____。

A.theydonotinvolvedecisionmakingA.它们不涉及决策

B.theyareopen-endedassignmentsB.它们是开放式作业

C.theyleadtocompleteparalysisC.它们会导致完全瘫痪

D.theyaremadebyothersD.它们是别人制定的

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Rulesaregodsend定位到原文第8段最后一句,该句提到“对这些人来说,各种各样的规则都是天赐的礼物——它们代表着预先做出的决定”,由此可知,规则代表着预先做出的决定。第8段第1句提到“需要想出‘正确的’答案,最好的购买或完美的建议导致对每个决定的过度思考(excessruminationovereachdecision)。”由此可知,强迫症患者不擅长做决定。综上所述,因为规则是已经做好的决定,所以对于不擅长做决定的人来说是天赐的礼物。因此,A选项“它们不涉及决策”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“它们是开放式作业”,可定位到原文第8段最后一句,该句提到,对强迫症患者来说,“开放式作业(open-endedassignments),比如写论文,都是噩梦(nightmares)。”由此可知,首先规则并不是开放式的作业;其次,开放式的作业对强迫症患者来说并不是天赐的礼物,反而是他们不擅长的,该选项属于曲解原文;

C选项“它们会导致完全瘫痪”,可定位到第8段第2句,该句提到“它甚至会导致完全瘫痪。”但是联系前一句可知,“它”指的是“需要想出‘正确的’答案,最好的购买或完美的建议”,即对完美的追求,而不是“规则”,该选项属于张冠李戴;

D选项“它们是别人制定的”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有。

10.【选项释义】

Fromthelastparagraphwecanseethattheauthor’sviewisthat____.从最后一段我们可以看出作者的观点是____。

A.amessyroomisjustamessyroomA.凌乱的房间就是凌乱的房间

B.amessyroomisanindicationoftheobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorderB.房间凌乱是强迫症的表现

C.psychiatristsshouldpayattentiontoamessyroomC.精神科医生应该注意凌乱的房间

D.psychiatristsshouldseepatternsofseeminglydisorganizedbehaviors,butshouldn’tbetooreductionisticD.精神科医生应该看到看似混乱的行为模式,而不应该过于

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