考研考博-英语-广州美术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州美术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethattheGovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek:“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”

Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.

Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.

TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.

36.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto___.

37.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto___.

38.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto___.

39.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe___.

40.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause___.

问题1选项

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad

D.developmorequicklythanatpresent

问题2选项

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

C.helptheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize

问题3选项

A.thedevelopmentofindustry

B.agrowthinpopulation

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme

D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns

问题4选项

A.alargereductiononunemployment

B.agrowthinthetouristindustry

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries

问题5选项

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety

D.theyregardoilasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】36.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised)（挪威政府正在尽最大努力控制石油工业。一项新的法律限制了人们只能在漫长的海岸线南端以南地区进行勘探；制定了生产限额（尽管已经提高））可知B选项“减缓它的发展速度”正确；第一段andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers（石油公司雇佣外国工人的数量不得超过一定数量）可知A选项“为外国工人提供更多的工作机会”和原文相悖；C选项“出售它在国外生产的石油”以及D选项“比现在发展得更快”为原文所提及。因此B选项正确。

37.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段第一句TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.（挪威政府正在尽最大努力控制石油工业）以及第一段第三句Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblemsandfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.（但石油行业有一种克服这些问题的方法，很少有人相信政府能够长期维持现状）可以推测出政府努力维持现状，选D选项“保持石油工业接近目前规模”，同时可知A选项“鼓励石油公司发现新的石油资源”和C选项“帮助石油公司解决许多问题”与原文相悖；B选项“阻止石油公司雇佣来自挪威北部的人”原文未提及，排除。因此D选项正确。

38.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段末尾Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.（但是石油工业已经开始把人们吸引到南方，不出几年，整个北方政策可能会崩溃）可知选C选项“发展方案的失败”，同时可知A选项“工业的发展”以及B选项“人口增长”和原文相悖；D选项“新城镇的发展”未提及，排除。因此C选项正确。

39.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第三段Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.（然而，石油工业的影响将不限于北方。由于将近百分之百就业率，每个人都能看出一种发展中的情况：服务行业和旅游行业的大部分工人会跑到石油工业去）可知南方服务行业和旅游行业的工人们会进入石油行业，导致产业数量减少，选C选项“现有产业数量的减少”，A选项“大量减少失业”，B选项“旅游业的增长”以及D选项“一些服务业的发展”和原文相悖。因此C选项正确。

40.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“farmersandfishermen”定位到原文最后一段Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.（虽然农民和渔民并不占人口的绝大部分，但他们却是人口的重要组成部分，因为挪威人在他们身上看到了许多他们引以为傲的挪威人的基本品质）可知选B选项“他们的生活和价值观代表着挪威的理想”，同时可知A选项“他们构成了挪威理想的很大一部分”错误；C选项“他们的工作对挪威社会很有用”原文未提及；最后一段最后一句Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.（农民和渔民对石油工业最为不满，因为它可能会对乡村和海洋造成损害）可知D选项“他们认为石油是对挪威生活方式的威胁”错误。因此B选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Mr.Smithbecamevery（）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：当史密斯先生被暗示犯了一个错误时，他变得非常（）。ingenious灵敏的，聪明的；empirical以事实为依据的；objective客观的；indignant愤怒的。故选D。

3.单选题

Theexplorerlosthiswaysoheclimbedtothetopofthehillto（）himself.

问题1选项

A.spot

B.situate

C.place

D.locate

【答案】D

【解析】spot使认出；situate使位于；place放置；locate定位。句意：探险者迷了路,所以他爬到山顶以确定自己的位置（定位）。选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

Accordingtolegalprovisions,thepropertieswilleither____theoriginalownersorelsebesoldatauction.

问题1选项

A.committo

B.taketo

C.rompto

D.revertto

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“committo”，意为“交付，把……投入，对……作出承诺”，B选项“taketo”，意为“带到，养成（做……）的习惯”，C选项“rompto”，意为“轻松”，D选项revertto，意为“回复，归还”。句意：根据法律规定，这些财产要么归原有者所有，要么被拍卖。因此，D选项符合句意。

5.单选题

Peoplewithmoretimidpersonalitiesmustbeencouragedto（

）andtogiveorders.

问题1选项

A.getthrough

B.playsafe

C.takecharge

D.standby

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。getthrough“通过，完成”；playsafe“谨慎行事”；takecharge“掌管，负责”；standby“袖手旁观”。句意为：必须鼓励那些更加腼腆的人担起责任并发号施令。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

ModernlorehasitthatinEnglanddeathisimminent,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced，clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.

Deathisnormal.Wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish，evenunderoptimalconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel，yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’sfutile.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Avastindustrypushedforaggressiveandexpensivetherapyforprostatecancer,despitealackofdemonstrablebenefitformanypatients.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.

Meanwhile,thekindofpalliativecareprovidedinhospicesistaughtderogatorilytomedicalstudentsasatreatmentoflastresort.In1950theUnitedStatesspent$12.7billion,or4.4percentofgrossdomesticproduct,onhealthcare.In2002thecostwillbe$1.54trillion—nearly14percentofGDP,byfarthelargestpercentagespentbyanydevelopedcountry.

Anyonecanseethatthistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Someethicistsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.

Iwouldn’tgothatfar.Notlongagosimilarargumentswereusedtojustifymandatoryretirementagesasyoungas55foremployeesinindustry,academiaandgovernment.Themessagewas“Stepaside—Iwantyourdeskandyourpaycheck.’’Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond，andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s，andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethemaladiesthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iaspiretoageasproductivelyastheyhave.

Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit,orshould.I’vewatchedasthelivesofmyfamilymembersandfriendshavebeenpainfullyprolonged.It’sastarkcontrastwiththeinexpensiveandcompassionatedeathsofmyparentsagenerationago.

Asamedicalconsumer，ImaywantMedicaretobuymemultiplecoronarybypassoperationsoradesperateroundofbone-marrowtransplantation.Asataxpayingcitizen,Iknow—intellectually，ifnotemotionally—thatthevalueofsuchmeasuresmustbeweighedagainstothersocialgoods，suchashousing，defenseandeducation.Andasaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare，haveachievedlonger，healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeoples’lives.Forexample，thefieldofalternativeandcomplementarymedicinereceivesjusta5percentchunkoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthbudget.

Tocreateahumanesystemofhealthcare,wemustacknowledgethatdeathanddyingarenotthemselvestheenemies.Asthepost-WorldWarIIBritishepidemiologistArchieCochraneonceobserved,curesinmedicinearerare,buttheneedfor“care”—attentionandreassurancefromapproachable,sympatheticphysiciansandcaregivers—iswidespread.Cochraneworriedthatbypursuingcuresatallcost,wewouldrestrictthesupplyofcarethatpatientscanreceive.Thisispreciselythecrisisofcontemporarymedicine:billionsforcures,andpenniesforcare.Medicinecanaccomplishgreatthingsforthegenerationnowpassing50,butonlyifwe’rewiseenoughnottoasktoomuchofit.

1.People’sdifferentattitudestowardsdeathshowthat_____.

2.Thebesthealthcare_______.

3.Palliativecareprovidedinhospices_______.

4.Thegovernmentwithfiniteresourceshadbetter_______.

5.Whatpatientsneedmostis_______.

问题1选项

A.peopleinothercountriesdon’thaveagreathealth-caresystemasAmericansdo

B.Americansrelytoomuchontheirhealth-caresystemeventochallengedeath

C.Americansareoptimistic

D.palliativecareworkswondersinAmericans

问题2选项

A.canevenchangeourgeneticprogramstoprolongourlives

B.canguaranteetheoldanunimaginablelifeofhighquality

C.shoulddoeverythingpossibletosavethepatients’life

D.haslimitstowhatitcandoandshoulddo

问题3选项

A.isnotthoughtmuchofbecauseitdoesn’tcurepatients

B.needsmuchmoremoneythanhealthcareandisunsustainable

C.isforpoorpeoplewhocan’taffordtostayinhospitalforalongtime

D.shouldbeattachedmoreimportance

问题4选项

A.balanceitsbudgetforresearchintocuresandthatintotherapiesthatcanhelppeoplelivehealthierandhappierlives

B.stoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondage83sothatyoungerandhealthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential

C.makeitarulethatpeopleinindustry,academiaandgovernmentwhoareover55shouldretire

D.spendlessonhealthandmoreonhousing，defenseandeducation

问题5选项

A.asolutiontotheproblemofdeath

B.courage,optimismandsympathyforothers

C.attention,careandreassurancefromfriendlyphysiciansandcaregivers

D.agreathealth-caresystemthatcanprovidethemthemostexpensiveandbesttherapies

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced，clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.”，可知美国人寿命延长的原因是医疗技术的进步，文章第一句提到英国和加拿大人对待死亡是不可避免的态度，所以可推断，美国的医疗系统要比其他国家更好，这也是人们对待死亡态度不同的原因。选项A符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句，“Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.”，可知即使是好的医疗体系也不能抵抗死亡，所以最好的医疗体系也有局限性，不是什么都能实现的。选项D符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第二段最后一句，“Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient”，可知因为医生对自己无法治愈疾病感到沮丧，并且担心病人失去希望，实施了这种癌症晚期治疗。根据文章第三段第一句，“thekindofpalliativecareprovidedinhospicesistaughtderogatorilytomedicalstudentsasatreatmentoflastresort.”，可知这种临终治疗是不得已时使用的最终手段。综上可推断出，因为这种治疗方式不能治愈疾病，所以不被重视。选项A符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“…bypursuingcuresatallcost,wewouldrestrictthesupplyofcarethatpatientscanreceive.Thisispreciselythecrisisofcontemporarymedicine:billionsforcures,andpenniesforcare...”，可知如果把所有花费用于追求疾病的治愈上，那么病人受到的关怀就会受到限制。所以不能偏差太大，太多用于疾病治愈，太少用于关怀是医疗面临的危及。可推断作者提倡平衡分配，选项A符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“…curesinmedicinearerare,buttheneedfor“care”—attentionandreassurancefromapproachable,sympatheticphysiciansandcaregivers…”，可知疾病的治愈是少见的，更需要的是医生和照顾者的关怀。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Ifwe（）ourrelationswiththatcountry,we’llhavetofindanothersupplierofrawmaterials.

问题1选项

A.diffuse

B.diminish

C.terminate

D.preclude

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如果我们终止与那个国家的关系，那么我们将必须找到另一个原材料供应商。

考查动词辨析。diffuse传播，普及，使分散;diminish使减少，使变小;terminate使终止，使结束，解雇;preclude排除，妨碍，阻止。根据后半句句意可知C符合句意。

8.单选题

Joyceislovedbyallherfriendsbecausesheisverycongenial.

问题1选项

A.pleasant

B.wealthy

C.courageous

D.sensitive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。congenial表示“意气相投的，性格相似的，适意的”；A项pleasant“令人愉快的，舒适的，讨人喜欢的”，B项wealthy“富有的，充分的”，C项courageous“有胆量的，勇敢的”，D项sensitive“敏感的，感觉的”。句意：乔伊斯因为性格很相投，所以她的朋友都很喜欢她。根据句意可知，四个选项中只有A项的意思符合句子。因此，该题选择A项正确。

9.单选题

Thebestfilmsarcthosewhich（）nationalorculturalbarriers.

问题1选项

A.transcend

B.transit

C.transcribe

D.transact

【答案】A

【解析】形近词辨析题。transcend超越，胜过；transit运输；transcribe抄写；transact办理，交易。句意：最好的电影是那些超越了民族或文化障碍的电影。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

FromherconversationI______thatshehadalargefamily.

问题1选项

A.estimated

B.suspected

C.predicted

D.deduced

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项estimated“（对数量、成本等的）估计”；B选项suspected“怀疑；觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）”；C选项predicted“预言”；D选项deduced“推断”。句意：从和她的谈话中我______她有一个大家庭。根据语境，通过谈话得出她有一个大家庭，谈话中得出信息和事实，deduced“推断”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

Freshwaterisfiniteandvulnerableresource,essentialtosustainlife,developmentandtheenvironment.

问题1选项

A.likelytofail

B.likelytoaccumulate

C.likelytoimprove

D.likelytoenhance

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.likelytofail可能会缺乏B.likelytoaccumulate可能会积累

C.likelytoimprove可能会改善D.likelytoenhance可能会提高

【考查点】词义推测

【解题思路】该词形容的是“淡水资源”，说明淡水的特性，与其并列的形容词是finite“有限的”，A选项likelytofail“可能会缺乏”（fail有“不足，缺乏”的意思）最符合语境，原词vulnerable“易受伤害的；脆弱的”。

【干扰项排除】

B选项likelytoaccumulate“可能会积累”与“有限的”矛盾；

C选项likelytoimprove“可能会改善”，与原文不符；

D选项likelytoenhance“可能会提高”，与原文不符。

【句意】淡水是有限和脆弱的资源，对维持生命、发展和环境至关重要。

12.单选题

Thoughseriouslydamagedbyafire,theancientmansionwaseventually（）toitsoriginalsplendor.

问题1选项

A.repaired

B.renewed

C.restored

D.renovated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项repair“修理；补救，纠正”；B选项renew“使更新；续借；续费”；C选项restore“恢复；修复；归还”；D选项renovate“更新；革新；刷新”。句意：尽管被一场火灾严重损坏，但这个古老的宅第最后被恢复到了它原来的壮丽。结合此处语境，C选项正确。

13.单选题

Didyouknowthatwomen’sbrainsaresmallerthanmen’s?Theaveragewomen’sbrainweights10%lessthanmen’s.Sinceresearchhasshownthatthebiggerthebrain,theclevertheanimal,menmustbemoreintelligentthanwomen.Right?Wrong.Menandwomenalwaysscoresimilarlyonintelligencetests,despitethedifferenceinbrainsize.Why?Afteryearsofstudy,researchershaveconcludedthatit’swhat’sinsidethatmatters,notjustthesizeofbrain.Thebrainconsistsof“greymatter”and“whitematter”.Whilemenhavemoreofthelatter,theamountof“thinking”brainisalmostexactlythesameinbothsexes.

Ithasbeensuggestedthatsmallerbrainappearstoworkfaster,perhapsbecausethetwosidesofthebrainarebetterconnectedinwomen.Thismeansthatlittlegirlstendtolearntospeakearlier,andthatwomencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametime.Whenitcomestotalkingtothebossonthephone,cookingdinnerandkeepinganeyeonthebabyailatthesametime,it’swomenwhocomeoutontopeverytime.

Thereareotherimportantdifferencesbetweentwosexes.Aswhitematteristhekeytospatialtasks,menknowbetterwherethingsareinrelationtootherthings.“Agreatfootballeralwaysknowswhereheisinrelationtotheotherplayers,andheknowswheretogo,”saysoneresearcher.Thatmayexplainoneoflife’sgreatmysteries:whymenrefusetoaskfordirections...andwomenoftenneedto!

Thedifferencesbeginwhenfetusesareaboutnineweeksold,whichcanbeseenintheactionofchildrenasyoungasone.Aboywouldtrytoclimbabarrierbeforehimorpushitdownwhileagirlwouldattracthelpfromothers.Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskillswhilemorewomenspeechskills.Itmayallgobacktoourancestors,amongwhomwomenneededspeechskillstotakecareoftheirbabiesandmenneededspatialskillstohunt,accordingtotheresearch.

Ifallthisdisappointsyou,itshouldn’t.“Thebrainchangesthroughoutourlivesaccordingtowhatwedowithit.”saysabiologist.

1.Thepassagemainlytellsus（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

3.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondandthirdparagraphs?

4.Whichofthefollowingdoyouagreewithaccordingtothefourthparagraph?

5.Whatisthewriter’sattitudeinwritingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.thedifferencesbetweenmen’sandwomen’sbrains

B.thechangesinbrainthroughoutourlives

C.thatmenarebetteratspatialtasks

D.thatbraindifferencesarerelatedtoourancestors

问题2选项

A.Women’sbrainis10%lessthanmen’s.

B.Greymatterplaysthesameroleaswhitematter.

C.Greymattercontrolsthinkinginthebrain.

D.Bothsexeshavethesameamountofwhitematter.

问题3选项

A.Womenpreferdoingmanythingsatatime.

B.Mendobetterdealingwithonejobatatime.

C.Womendonotneedtotelldirections.

D.Menhaveweakerspatialabilities.

问题4选项

A.Youngboysmaybestrongerthanyounggirls.

B.Morewomentakeupjobsrequiringspeechskills.

C.Womenmayhavestrongerfeelingsthanmen.

D.Ourancestorsneededmorespatialskills.

问题5选项

A.Defensive

B.Persuasive

C.Supportive

D.Objective

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章首先通过否定脑袋越大的动物越聪明，所以男性一定比女性聪明的论断来引出文章的中心论点，即男女性在智利方而是没有什么差异的，是他们的大脑构造的不同导致了知识的掌握以及行为等方面的不同。因此选项A“男女性大脑的不同”比较能概括全文。

2.判断推理题。选项A“女性的大脑比男性轻10%”，根据文章第一段Theaveragewomen'sbrainweights10%lessthanmen’s.中的关键词average“平均”可知选项A表述不够准确，不是所有的女性的大脑都比男性轻10%；根据文章第一段中的Thebrainconsistsof“greymatter”and“whitematter”.Whilemenhavemoreofthelatter,theamountof“thinking”brainisalmostexactlythesameinbothsexes.“大脑包括‘大脑灰质”和‘白质’，尽管男性有更多的白质，但男女‘思维’几乎是相同的”可以推断出大脑灰质是“思维型”，而根据文章第三段中的Aswhitematteristhekeytospatialtasks...“由于对于完成需要空间思维的任务至关道要……”可知白质是“空间想象型”，故选项B“灰质和白质所起到的作用相同”和选项D“男女性拥有等量的白质”错误，而选项C“大脑灰质控制思维”正确。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第二段中的womencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametime.“女性大脑可以同吋处理来自不同地方的多种信息”可以推断出选项A“女性愿意同时做多件事”正确；选项B“男性能更好地在一个吋间内处理—件事情”在文章中没有体现；根据文章第三段中的whymenrefusetoaskfordirections...andwomenoftenneedto!“为什么男性不会去询问有关方向的问题，而女性却常常问这样的问题”可知选项C“女性不需要辨别方向”和选项D“男性的空间思维能力更弱”错误，故选A。

4.判断推理题。根据第四段的Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskillswhilemorewomenspeechskills(这些大脑的区别解释了一种实际现象一一大部分男性都会从事需要很好的空间思维能力的工作而女性却从事需要语言技巧的工作),可推断出选项B“更多的女性从事需要语言技巧的工作”正确。

5.观点态度题。这是一篇具有科普类性质的文章，科普类的一般是客观的，故答案选项为D“客观的”。

14.单选题

Smellisthemostdirectofallthesenses.Itisthoughttobetheoldestsenseintermsofhumanevolution,whichmayexplainwhysmellishard-wiredintothebrain.Theolfactorynerve,whichmanagestheperceptionofsmells,isessentiallyanextensionofthebrain.Theolfactorynerveprovidesadirectlinkfromreceptorsatthetopofthenosetotheportionofthebrainthatcontrolsmemory,emotion,andbehavior.

Theolfactorysystemdetectscertainairbornechemicalsthatenterthenoseandthentransmitsthischemicalinformationtothelimbicsysteminthebrain.Theolfactoryregionattheupperendofeachnostrilisyellow,moist,andfulloffattysubstances.Theshadeofyellowindicatesthestrengthofthesenseofsmell:thedeepertheshade,thekeenerandmoreacuteitis.Animalshaveaverystrongsenseofsmell,sotheirolfactoryregionsaredarkyellowtoreddishbrown,whilethoseofhumansarelightyellow.

Whenanodoroussubstanceentersthenose,itbindstoolfactoryreceptorcells,theneuronsliningtheyellowupperportionofthenasalcavity.Olfactoryreceptorcellscontainmicroscopichairscalledciliathatextendintothelayerofmucuscoatingtheinsideofthenose.Odormoleculesdiffuseintothisregionandareabsorbedbytheciliaoftheolfactoryreceptorcells.Whatthismeansisthatwhenweholdarosetoournoseandinhale,odormoleculesfloatupintothenasalcavity,wheretheyareabsorbedbyfivemillionolfactoryreceptorcells.Thereceptorcellsalerttheolfactorynerve,whichsendsimpulsestothebrain’solfactorybulb,orsmellcenter.Thus,olfactoryinformationabouttheroseentersthebrain’slimbicsystem,where,inmostofus,itstimulatesafeelingofpleasure.

Thelimbicsystemofthebrainintegratesmemory,emotion,andbehavior.Thesystemiscomposedofagroupofrelatednervoussystemstructuresthatarethefunctionalcenterofemotionssuchasanger,fear,pleasure,andsadness.Thecomponentsofthelimbicsystemarelinkedtothecerebralcortex,thepartofthebraininvolvedincomplexlearning,reasoning,andpersonality.Thecerebralcortexmakesdecisionsabouttheemotionalcontentoftheseuniquehumanqualitiesafter“consulting”thelimbicsystemandtheotherbraincentersinprocessingandretrievingmemories.Itmay,inturn,usememoriestomodifybehavior.

Scentmaybethestrongesttriggerofmemoryandemotions.Whenweinhaleascent,receptorsinthebrain’slimbiccentercomparetheodorenteringournosetoodorsstoredinourmemory.Alongtheway,memoriesassociatedwiththoseodorsarestimulated.Asmellcanbeoverwhelminglynostalgicbecauseittriggerspowerfulimagesandemotions.Thewaxyfragranceofcrayonscaninstantlytransportustooursecond-gradeclassroom,orthescentoffreshlymowngrasscanflooduswiththejoyofsummerfreedom.Whatweseeandhearmayfadequicklyinshort-termmemory,butwhatwesmellissentdirectlytolong-termmemory.

Smellscanincreasealertnessandstimulatelearningandretention.Inonestudy,childrenmemorizedawordlist,whichwaspresentedbothwithandwithoutaccompanyingscents.Thechildrenrecalledwordsonthelistmoreeasilyandwithhigheraccuracywhenthelistwasgivenwithscentsthanwithout,showingthelinkbetweensmellandtheabilitytoretaininformation.Inanotherstudy,researchersexaminedhowvarioussmellscanincreasealertnessanddecreasestress.Theyfoundthatthescentoflavendercouldwakeupthemetabolismandmakepeoplemorealert.Theyalsofoundthatthesmellofspicedapplescouldreducebloodpressureandavertapanicattackinpeopleunderstress.

1.Whydoestheauthorusetheterm“hard-wired”indescribingthesenseofsmellandthebrain?

2.Ofwhatsignificanceisthecoloroftheolfactoryregionattheupperendofeachnostril?

3.Whathappenswhentheciliaoftheolfactoryreceptorcellsabsorbodormolecules?

4.Whydoestheauthormention“crayons”and“freshlymowngrass”inParagraph5?

5.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph6aboutlearning?

问题1选项

A.Todescribethetextureandfeeloftheolfactorynerve

B.Toemphasizethecloseconnectionbetweensmellandthebrain

C.Tocomparethepowerofsmellwiththatofothersenses

D.Toexplainhowthesenseofsmellevolvesinearlyhumans

问题2选项

A.Thecolorchangeswithdifferentairbornechemicals.

B.Thesignificanceofthecolorislittleunderstood.

C.Thecolorbecomesdarkerwhenanodorispresent.

D.Thecolorshowsthestrengthoftheabilitytosmell.

问题3选项

A.Thetinyhairsinsidethenosebecomedarkerincolor.

B.Thenervoussystemactivatesthedigestivesystem.

C.Theolfactorynervesendsimpulsestothebrain.

D.Somereceptorcellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.

问题4选项

A.Togiveexamplesofsmellsthatcantriggermemoriesandemotions

B.Tocomparetypicalresponsestotwocommonsmells

C.Toexplainwhysmellsarelikelytoaffectperson’sbehavior

D.Toidentifysmellsthatcanincreasealertnessandworkefficiency

问题5选项

A.Learningcannottakeplaceunlessallofthesensesarestimulated.

B.Scentscanstrengthentheabilitytoholdnewinformationinthememory.

C.Itiseasiertorecallpreviouslearningthanitistoretainnewinformation.

D.Childrenwillnotlearnmuchiftheyaredistractedbyoffensiveodors.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第一段提到了嗅觉神经实际上就是大脑的延伸，嗅觉神经直接将鼻子的鼻受体与大脑中管理记忆、情感和行为的部分相连。可以推出嗅觉与大脑是紧密联系的。选项B符合题意。

2.文章第二段第三句中提到theshadeofyellowindicatesthestrengthofthesenseofsmell(黄色阴影代表的是嗅觉的强度)。选项D符合题意。

3.文章第三段作者提到了嗅觉受体纤毛细胞吸入了气味分子后发生的情况。句子中提到了受体细胞会刺激嗅觉神经，然后嗅觉神经发送脉冲到大脑的嗅觉神经或者嗅球