考研考博-英语-天津商业大学宝德学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津商业大学宝德学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Helivedina（

）house,andforthisreasonhewaseasilyacceptedintohismoney-worshipingsociety.

问题1选项

A.shabby

B.ragged

C.dingy

D.decent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他住在一栋很体面的房子里，也因为这样他很快就被金钱至上的社会所接纳。shabby“破旧的”；ragged“粗糙的”；dingy“昏暗的”；decent“体面的”。根据句意，选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

The_______featureinTed’scharacterwaspride;hecouldn’teverthinkofdependingonanyonebuthimself.

问题1选项

A.controlling

B.prevailing

C.predominant

D.primary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项controlling“控制欲强的（含贬义）”；B选项prevailing“普遍的，盛行的”；C选项predominant“明显的；占优势的”；D选项primary“主要的，基本的”。句意：骄傲是泰德的性格中_______的特点；除了他自己，他从不指望别人。根据语境，这里是指泰德非常骄傲，很容易看出来，所以predominant“明显的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

What______supposewouldhappenifthedirectorknewyoufeltthatway?

问题1选项

A.willyou

B.doyou

C.wouldyou

D.youwould

【答案】B

【解析】考查语序。在该句子中，doyousuppose相当于一个插入语，Whatwouldhappenifthe...才是一个整体，做全句的宾语从句。类似的表达还有doyouthink等。句意：你猜想看看，如果主管知道你那样想之后会发生什么事。因此B选项正确。

4.翻译题

Ineconomicsthemostfundamentalofthesecentralproblemsisthetheoryofvalue.Thetheoryofvaluemustexplainhowthecomparativevaluesofdifferentgoodsandservicesareestablished.Untilthatproblemissolved,itisnotpossibletoanalysesforscientificpurposeswhatwillbeproducedandinwhatquantities,howtheresourceswillbeemployedinproducingthemenuofoutputs,andhowtheresourceswillbevalued.Withoutatheoryofvaluetheeconomistscanhavenotheoryofinternationaltradeorpossiblyatheoryofmoney.Thiscentralproblemofvaluedoesnotchangeinitsessentialconcernifoneseekstoexplainvaluesinruralorurbansocieties,orinagriculturalorindustrialsocieties.

【答案】在经济学中，这些核心问题的最基本部分是价值理论。价值理论必须解释出不同商品和服务的比较值是怎样生成的。只有这个问题解决了才有可能从科学的目的去分析生产什么产品、生产数量和生产项目单上的这些产品需要雇用多少劳力，以及怎样利用以实现这些劳力的最大价值。没有价值论，经济学家就不会知道国际贸易理论，可能也不会知道货币理论。如果人们试图从农村城市社会或是农业工业社会去解释价值，则基本上价值的核心问题不会改变。

5.单选题

______thedoorthansomebodystartedknockingonit.

问题1选项

A.Ihadclosednosooner

B.Ihadnosoonerclosed

C.NosoonerhaveIclosed

D.NosoonerIclosed

【答案】B

【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：我刚关上门，就有人开始敲门。nosooner…than是固定搭配，意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，than后面的从句用一般过去时，基本用法为：主语+hadnosoonerdonesth.than+主语+did。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

ThomasLeech（）averysuccessfulcareerasaphotographer.

问题1选项

A.builtup

B.carvedout

C.foughtfor

D.stumbledon

【答案】B

【解析】动词词组辨析。buildup“增强，加强”；carvedout“创业，开创”；foughtfor“为......而奋斗”；stumbleon“无意中发现，偶然遇到”。句意：托马斯作为一名摄影师开创了一份成功的事业。选项B符合题意。

7.翻译题

爱因斯坦（Einstein）曾把一位著名科学家的创造力归因为“他没上过学，因此保留了能自由思考的能力。”看起来爱因斯坦好像是在批评学校教育。实际上学校的功能是传授知识和文明，而不只是培养天才。如果学校只传授知识，就会破坏创造力和天才。但是，如果一个社会里都是天才，它就会解体。所以，学校教育要培养社会所需的各个层次的人才。

【答案】Einsteinonceascribedthecreativityofafamousscientisttothat“hehasneverwenttotheschool,sohecouldretaintheabilityofthought.”Itseemsthathewascriticizingtheschooleducation.Infact,thefunctionofschoolisnotcultivatinggeniusesbutimpartingknowledgeandadvancingcivilization.Ifschoolisjustaplacetoimpartknowledge,people’screativityandtalentwillberuined.However,asocietyinwhichpeoplearealltalentwouldbebrokendown.So,schooleducationshouldraiseall-levelgeniusesthatthesocietyneeds.

8.单选题

Wouldn'titbeeasiertomoveaboutonthe（

）ofthecrowdthantosqueezeinthemiddle?

问题1选项

A.consent

B.heads

C.fringe

D.recreation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。consent“同意；准许”；head“头；最前的部分”；fringe“边缘；刘海；外围”；recreation“娱乐；消遣；休养”。句意：难道在人群的外围移动不比在人群中挤来挤去容易吗？选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Heisverytired.Heneeds（

）.

问题1选项

A.agoodnightrest

B.goodrestofanight

C.agoodrestnight

D.agoodnight’srest

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词所有格。表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加“’s”来表示所有关系，此处表示他需要一个晚上的休息，night为名词，后面加“’s”表示与rest的所有关系，因此选D。句意：他非常累，他需要一个晚上的休息。

10.单选题

It’softenamistaketo（

）appearance:thatpoor-lookingindividualisanythingbutpoor.

问题1选项

A.goover

B.goby

C.goagainst

D.gofor

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项goover“复习，检查”；B选项goby“（时间）流逝，遵循，遵照，以……判断”；C选项goagainst“违背，作对”；D选项gofor“适用于”。根据配appearance（外貌，外观）可知B选项符合逻辑，gobyappearance表示“以貌取人”。句意：以貌取人往往是不准确的：那个看起来很穷的人根本不穷。

11.单选题

Theplane（

）,itsbombsexplodingasithittheground.

问题1选项

A.smashed

B.crushed

C.plunged

D.crashed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。smash意为“打碎，打破，撞击”；crush意为“压坏，压碎”；plunge意为“暴跌，骤降”；crash意为“碰撞、坠落，坠毁”，根据习惯用法，飞机失事，动词都是用crash。

句意：飞机坠毁了，其炸弹在撞击地面时爆炸。

12.单选题

Numerousstudiesshowthatthebenefitsoflearninganotherlanguageincludegreatermentalflexibility,creativity,divergentthinkingandhigher-orderthinkingskills.

问题1选项

A.different

B.specialized

C.convergent

D.independent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。divergent在句中是“分散的，不同的”，A选项different“不同的”；B选项specialized“专门的”；C选项convergent“汇聚的”；D选项independent“独立的”。句意：大量研究表明，学习另一种语言的好处包括更大的思维灵活性、创造性、发散性思维和高阶思维能力。因此A项符合句意。

13.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoChinese

Onceyouturnoveranewleaf,youcan’texpecttochangecompletelyrightaway.Youareboundtovacillateattimes.Thekeyistobesatisfiedwithgradualimprovement,expectingandacceptingtheoccasionalslipsthatcomewithanychange.Andevenafteryouarehandlingthesedecisionsinafirmerandmoreconfidentmanner,youcan’texpectyourchildrentorespondimmediately.Forawhilethey’llkeeponapplyingtheoldpressuresthatusedtoworksowell.Butthey’lleventuallycometorespectyourdecisionsoncetheylearnthatnaggingandarguingnolongerwork.Intheend,bothyouandyourchildrenwillbehappierforit.

Thetrendsarequicklyacceleratingforasimplereason:Informationispower,andtechnologydemocratizesanduniversalizestheavailabilityofinformation.Hence,organizationswillnolongerbeabletosubsidizeprocessesandjobsthatglorifyhierarchicalcontrolbutturnoffthespigotonknowledge-flow.FuturistGeorgeGilderdescribesaworldwheretheeconomyisbasedonsand,glassandair.Sandisthesiliconusedtomakemicrochips,thebuildingblocksofcomputing—andthatbuildingblockisgrowingexponentially.Theperformanceofmicrochipsdoublesevery18months.

【答案】一旦你翻开新的一页，你就不能指望马上完全改变。有时你肯定会犹豫不决。关键是要满足于渐进的改进，预料并接受任何变化带来的偶然失误。即使在你以更加坚定和自信的方式处理这些决定之后，你也不能指望你的孩子会立即做出反应。在一段时间内，他们将继续施加过去行之有效的旧压力。但一旦他们知道唠叨和争论不再有效，他们最终会尊重你的决定。最后，你和你的孩子都会因此而更快乐。

这种趋势正在迅速加速，原因很简单：信息就是力量，而技术使信息变得民主化和普遍化。因此，组织将不再能够资助那些美化等级特权并阻止信息交流的工作体系了。未来学家乔治•吉尔德描述了一个以沙子、玻璃和空气为基础的经济世界。沙子是用来制造微芯片的硅，芯片（计算机世界的建筑材料）正以指数级的速度增长。微芯片的性能每18个月翻一番。

14.单选题

Thetroopssleptincrampedconditions.

问题1选项

A.untidy

B.makeshift

C.dirty

D.crowded

【答案】D

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项untidy“不整洁的，凌乱的，懒散的，不干净利落的”；B选项makeshift“临时的，权宜之计的”；C选项dirty“下流的，卑鄙的，肮脏的，恶劣的，暗淡的”；D选项crowded“拥挤的，塞满的”。句意：军队在拥挤的条件下睡觉。Cramped“狭窄的，难懂的，难辨的”，D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

15.单选题

Thewoman,69yearsoldandstillactiveasaprofessoratHarvardUniversity,toldaresearchteamthatshehadbeguntofindithardtorecallthenamesofeverfacultymembers.Notlongagoshehadforgottenherclassroomnumberwhenaskingforaslideprojectortobesentup.Shehadoneanxiousquestionfortheresearchteam,assembledtostudythenormalcourseofmentalaging:“AmIlosingmyabilitytoremember,andperhapseventothinkclearly?”

Thatquestionistheprincipalfocusofanewwaveofscientificinquiryonthedeclineinmentalabilitywithage.Thefindingsarechallengingsomebasicassumptions,likethebeliefthatsuchdeclineisanaturalpartoftheagingprocess,irrespectiveofgeneralhealth.

From20to30percentofpeopleintheir80swhovolunteerforcognitivetestingperformaswellasvolunteersintheir30sand40s,whoarepresumablyintheirmentalprime.Theintellectualandcreativeproductivityinlaterlifeofcertainartistsandintellectualsmayrepresentnotsomuchanexceptionasanideal,someexpertsnowsay.

DrKWSchaie,apsychologistatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,isthedirectorofamajorstudyofnormalmentaldeclineintheelderly.Forover35years,hisstudyhasbeenfollowingmorethan5000menandwomenwhohavebeentestedregularly.DrSchaie’sinvestigationsseektofillagapingerontologicalresearch,which,accordingtoDrJackRowe,presidentoftheMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineandaleadingexpertinthefield,hasfocusedondiseaseanddisability,andneglectedtheprospectsofmaintaininghighfunctioninginoldage.DrRoweheadsaresearchnetworkonsuccessfulagingsponsoredbytheMacArthurFoundation.Inaninterviewhepointedoutthatgerontologistshavefocusedon‘"the6to15percentoftheelderlywhoarefrailandthenlumpedeveryoneelsetogetherasnormal.Butthereisahugevariationfrompersontopersonamongolderpeople:theolderagroupgets,thelesslikeeachotherpeopleinitbecome.”

DrSchaie’smostrecentfindingswerereportedthismonthinTheAmericanPsychologist.Althoughthestudy’sresultsshowabilitiesbegintodeclinegraduallyinthemiddletolate60sandaccelerateinthelate70s.Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen.Thesharpestdeclinesareseeninbasicmathematics.Bytheirlate80s,bothmenandwomenwereonlyabouthalfasadeptinbasicmathastheyhadbeenintheir50s.Formen,theleastdeclineshownisinspatialorientation,forexample,inreadingamapcorrectly.Bythelate80s,ithaddroppedbyonlyaboutone-eighthonaverage.

Forwomen,themostenduringmentalskillisinductivereasoning,assessingtheinformationinatimetable,forinstance.Aswomenreachedtheirlate80s,ithaddroppedjustoverone-eighthfromitsheightinmiddleage.Oneofthedrasticdeclinesforwomenprovedtobeinverbalcomprehension,whilethatabilitydroppedrelativelylittleintothe70s,itplummetedbyaboutone-quarterduringthe80s.Formen,thedeclinewasslightinthoseyears.

Anotherstudy,thisonebyDrRichardMons,apsychologistatMountSinaiMedicalSchoolwhoistheactingdirectorofaresearchconsortiumonnormalmemorylossandagingsponsoredbytheCharlesA.DanaFoundation,hasfoundthatdifferentkindsofmemorydifferintheirvulnerabilitytoaging.“Crystallized”memory,ie,vocabularyorotherknowledgeaccumulatedovertheyearsholdsupverywellintooldage.“Fluid”memory,ontheotherhand,theabilitytoaddnewinformationtomemoryortorecallsomethingthathappenedrecentlyismorepronetodecline,beginninginthe60s.Hefoundlittledeclineinveryshort-termmemory,likerememberingatelephonenumberjustlookedup.

ApairofHarvardpsychologists,DouglasPowellandKeanWhitla,havedesignedacomputerizedtestofmentalskillslikelong-termandshort-termmemory,attention,reasoningandcalculation;theyreportedthetestintheFebruaryissueofCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience.Theyaretheresearcherswhomthe69-year-oldprofessorspokewith.Theirtestcomparesaperson’sscorewithnormsforothersofthesameage,forpeoplewhoarestillinmiddleageandforothersintheirownprofessionalgroup.

DrSchaie’sstudyhasfoundcertainpredictorsforgoodmentalfunctioninoldage.Theseincludeahighlevelofabilityinreadingcomprehensionandverbalfluency,asuccessfulcareerorsomeotherinvolvementthroughlifeandcontinuingkeenmentalinterestsafterretirement.Havingaflexibleattitudeinmiddleagewasalsoapromisingindicator.“Thereislessmentaldeclineinpeoplewhoadapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces,”DrSchaieobserved.Thestudyalsofoundthatsimplylivingwithsomeonewiththesecharacteristicsisbeneficial.“Ithelpstohaveahigh-functioningspouse,sincethisisyourmajorimmediatesocialenvironmentandsupport.”DrSchaiestated.

1.The69-year-oldwomanmentionedatthebeginningofthepassageisfindingitincreasingly（

）.

2.Someartistsandintellectualsremainproductivetotheveryendoflonglives.Thewriterofthepassagestatesthatsomeexperts.

3.DrSchaie’sfindingsrevealthat（

）.

4.DrSchaietellsusthattheaverage85-year-oldwomanislikelytohavelostagooddealofherabilityto（

）.

5.DrJackRowe,inadditiontoservingasdirectorofawell-knownmedicalschool,

6.DrRowesays,thereisahugevariationfrompersontopersonamongolderpeople:theolderagroupgets,thelesslikeeachotherthepeopleinitbecome.”Thiscanbestbeparaphrased(re-stated)as.

7.WhichoftheseitemswouldDrMohsnotclassifyaspartofyourcrystallizedmemory?

8.WhatPowellandWhitlahavecreated（

）.

9.IfyouwereayoungmanthinkingofgettingmarriedandyouaskedDrSchaieforadvicehewouldprobablytellyouto（

）.

10.Thisarticle（

）.

11.Giventhattheaveragepersonisunlikelytoknowthatgeronto---istheGreekrootmeaning“oldperson”(seeline22),wemayreasonablyconcludethatthisarticleisintendedfor（

）.

12.Thewordchallenginginline7means（

）.

13.Thewordcognitiveinline9is（

）.

14.Theoppositeofflexibleinline52is（

）.

15.Thewordpromisinginline52means（

）.

问题1选项

A.difficulttorememberwhohercolleaguesare.

B.difficulttorecallsomeofhercolleagues’faces

C.difficulttorememberwhatsomeofhercolleaguesarecalled

D.easytoforgetthenameofherfaculty

E.easytoforgetwhatsomeofheryoungercolleaguesdointhefaculty

问题2选项

A.believethatsuchexamplesaremorecommonthangerontologistsformerlysupposed

B.arecertainthatsuchlateproductivityisimpossibleforordinarypeopleinotherwalksoflife

C.arealmostcertainthatinthefuturesuchlateproductivitywillbecomequiteordinary

D.suspectthatitiswrongtoregardsuchlateproductivityasabnormalratherthansimplyuncommon

E.rejecttheideathatsuchpeoplecanbetakenasmodelsfornormalhumanbeings

问题3选项

A.thepatternofmentaldeclineamongmenandwomenisvirtuallyidentical

B.lossoftheabilitytocalculateissevereinwomen,butmuchlesssoinmen

C.amongolderwomen,inductivereasoningisjustasimpairedbyagingasisbasicmath

D.damagetoinductivereasoningamongtheelderlyisaboutequalformenandwomen

E.lossoftheabilitytocalculateissevereinbothmenandwomen

问题4选项

A.usenumbersandunderstandlanguage

B.usenumbersandreadtimetables

C.readtimetablesandusemaps

D.understandlanguageandreadtimetables

E.learnnewfactsandusenumbers

问题5选项

A.istheheadofafoundationthatgivesmoneyforresearchontheproblemsoftheelderly

B.isoneofAmerica’stopgerontologistsstudyingoldpeoplewithabnormallyseverememoryloss

C.istheleaderofatightlycoordinatedresearchassociationstudyinghowtoremainhealthyinoldage

D.isresponsiblefordecidingwhichexpertsonsuccessfulagingwillgetresearchgrantsfromtheMacArthurFoundation

E.istheleaderofalooselycoordinatedgroupofresearchteamsstudyinghowtoremainhealthyinoldage

问题6选项

A.Theolderthepeopleinagroupget,themorecharacteristicstheyshareDifferencesbetweenindividualsinagroupdiminishasageincreases

B.Aspeopleage,certainsimilaritiesincrease,whileothersbecomelessmarked

C.Humanindividualsareverydissimilaratanyage;thisisnolesstrueaspeoplegrowolder

D.Overallresemblancesbetweenmembersofahumangroupdecreaseastheyearsgoby

问题7选项

A.Aheadlineinlastweek’snewspaper

B.Thedateofyoureldestchild’sbirth

C.Yourmother’sname

D.ThemeaningoftheEnglishword“geology”

E.Theformulaforfindingtheareaofatriangle

问题8选项

A.constitutesagreatadvanceincomputersoftware

B.comparessomeonelikethe69-year-oldwomanwithotherwomenandwithotherpeopleofvariousages,butnotwithotheruniversityinstructors

C.willprobablyconfirmmanyofDrSchaie’sfindingsandinvalidatethoseofDrMohs

D.shouldmakeiteasiertodeterminetherelativementalskillsoflargenumbersofpeople

E.willbeoflittleusetoDrSchaiebutveryvaluableforDrMohs

问题9选项

A.marrysomeonequietanddependable

B.seekunityandstabilityinyourmarriage

C.marrysomeonelivelyandcurious

D.avoidwomenwhoarealwaystryingtochangetheirsituations

E.choosesomeonewhowouldratherreadthantravel

问题10选项

A.islimitedtoadiscussionofDrSchaie’srecentresearch

B.surveysrecentdevelopmentsinthestudyofagingandtheelderly

C.givesanoverviewofrecentadvancesintheunderstandingoftherelationbetweenoldageandmentalactivities

D.isprimarilyacriticismoftheexcessiveconcentrationamongearliergerontologistsonseverememorylossbytheelderly

E.explainsrecentadvancesinscientificunderstandingofthephysicalmechanismsofmentaldeclineamongtheaged

问题11选项

A.gerontologistsinterestedinrecentdevelopmentsintheirfield

B.schoolchildrenbeingtaughthowtodealwithdifficultoldpeople

C.doctorswhoneedatechnicalsummaryofrecentadvancesinmentalresearch

D.university-educatedreaderscuriousaboutrecentworkingerontology

E.adultswithsecondary-schooleducationsorlesswhowanttoknowwhatwillhappentotheirmemoriesastheygrowolder

问题12选项

A.supporting

B.supplyingevidencefor

C.disproving

D.bringingintodoubt

E.suspicious

问题13选项

A.anadjectivepertainingtotheactofknowingandjudging

B.averbmeaningtoinventbysuingthepowerofone’sbrain

C.anounrelatedtothewordrecognize

D.anadjectivereferringtotheprocessofaging

E.anounmeaningamentalaction,especiallyoneinvolvingrecognition

问题14选项

A.easy

B.bending

C.difficult

D.strong

E.rigid

问题15选项

A.indicatingadefiniteresult

B.productive

C.stronglysuggestingpossibleresults

D.guaranteeingcertainresults

E.guaranteedbytheevidence

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:E

第3题:E

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:C

第10题:C

第11题:D

第12题:D

第13题:A

第14题:E

第15题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第一段:findithardtorecallthenamesofeverfacultymembers（发现自己很难记起曾经的同事的名字）。干扰项为C:很难记起一些自己的同事的名字。此处“一些”与原文不符。因此A项“很难记起自己的同事是谁”正确。

2.推理判断题。根据题干关键词Someartistsandintellectualsremainproductive定位至第三段:Theintellectualandcreativeproductivityinlaterlifeofcertainartistsandintellectualsmayrepresentnotsomuchanexceptionasanideal,someexpertsnowsay(一些专家说,某些艺术家和知识分子晚年的智力和创造性生产力，与其说是一种理想，不如说是一种例外)。由此可知E项“不认为这类人可以被当成普通人的模范”正确。

3.细节事实题。题干问的是DrSchaie的研究发现,据此定位至第五段第四、五句:Thesharpestdeclinesareseeninbasicmathematics.Bytheirlate80s,bothmenandwomenwereonlyabouthalfasadeptinbasicmathastheyhadbeenintheir50s(最大的下降体现在基本的数学运算能力上。到80岁末的时候，男女的基本数学运算能力仅大约是其50岁时的一半)。故E项“男女计算能力的丧失都很严重”正确。B项“在计算能力丧失方面，女人比男人更严重”与第四、五句的句意不符。第五段第三句:Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen(不同智力水平的下降程度不同，男女的下降程度也不同),可知知A项“男女智力下降的模式几乎是一致的”及D项“在归纳推理能力丧失方面，男女老年人大约是一致的”不正确。C项“在老年妇女中，归纳推理与基本数学能力因年龄增长而丧失的程度是一样”,文中没有提及。

4.细节事实题。第六段第三句:Oneofthedrasticdeclinesforwomenprovedtobeinverbalcomprehension,whilethatabilitydroppedrelativelylittleintothe70s,itplummetedbyaboutone-quarterduringthe80s(女人遭受的最严重智力下降之一被证明是在语言理解能力上，它在女人迈入70岁时下降的相对较少，但等他们到80岁的时，它就会很快下降差不多25%)及第三题的分析“85岁女人的数学运算能力也会大大降低”得知正确答案为A“使用数字及理解语言”。

5.细节事实题。第四段第三句说DrJackRowe是“aleadingexpertinthefield”(老年学研究领域的前沿专家)。第四句说:DrRoweheadsaresearchnetworkonsuccessfulagingsponsoredbytheMacArthurFoundation(DrRowe领导一个受MacArthur基金赞助的有关成功老龄化的研究网络)。由此可知C项“是一个协调紧密的研究协会的领导，该协会研究如何保持老年健康”正确。

6.语义题。题干意思为:在老年人中，人与人之间的差异都很大：一组人的年龄越大，组员之间的差异就更大。因此E项“人类群体中成员间的整体相似性随年龄的増加而减少”正确。

7.推理判断题。第七段:“Crystallized”memory,ie,vocabularyorotherknowledgeaccumulatedovertheyearsholdsupverywellintooldage(固态记忆指经年累积的词汇或其它知识，其能很好地保持到年老时)。因此A项“上周报纸的一个标题”不属于固态记忆。

8.推理判断题。DrSchaie的研究发现:Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen(不同智力水平的下降率不同，男女的下降率也不同)。DrRichardMons的研究发现:differentkindsofmemorydifferintheirvulnerabilitytoaging(不同类型的记忆在其易老化性上有所不同)。DouglasPowellandKeanWhitla的研究方式:designedacomputerizedtestofmentalskillslikelong-termandshort-termmemory,attention,reasoningandcalculation(设计了一个关于长期和短期记忆、注意力、推理和计算等心理技能的计算机测试);comparesaperson’sscorewithnormsforothersofthesameage,forpeoplewhoarestillinmiddleageandforothersintheirownprofessionalgroup(将一个人的分数与其他同龄人、中年人和其他专业人士的标准进行比较)。因此可知这些人的研究方向是有重叠的，故C项“将有可能证实DrSchaie的一些发现，却会让DrMons的发现失效”正确。

9.推理判断题。第九段:asuccessfulcareerorsomeotherinvolvementthroughlifeandcontinuingkeenmentalinterestsafterretirement（一份成功的事业或生活中的其它活动，退休后保持强烈的精神情趣）及whoadapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces（容易适应变化，喜欢学习新东西与去新的地方）,这些都被DrSchaie认为是在年老时精神功能良好的预示，研究也发现仅仅与具有这些特点的人生活都是受益的（Thestudyalsofoundthatsimplylivingwithsomeonewiththesecharacteristicsisbeneficial）,并且DrSchaie说“Ithelpstohaveahigh-functioningspouse（有一个高功能的配偶是有帮助的）。因此如果向DrSchaie征求关于寻找伴侣的意见,他更会建议“与一个充满活力与好奇心的人结婚”。

10.主旨大意题。文章主要讲老年人的智力变化与其年龄增长的关系知C项“概述了在了解年龄增长与智力活动之间的关系方面取得的最新进展”正确。

11.主旨大意题。题干意思是:假如一般人不太可能知道geron是希腊语的词根，意思是“老人”（见第22行），我们可以合理地推断这篇文章针对的人群是。该文章主要讲老年人的智力变化与其年龄增长的关系,而且专业性不是很强。因此D项“接受过大学教育并对老年学研究进展感兴趣的的读者”正确。

12.词义题。Challenging所在句:Thefindingsarechallengingsomebasicassumptions,likethebeliefthatsuchdeclineisanaturalpartoftheagingprocess,irrespectiveofgeneralhealth(这些发现对一些基本假设提出了挑战，比如认为这种下降是衰老过程的自然组成部分，与一般健康状况无关),因此这里的challenging为动词,因此D项“质疑”正确。

13.词义题。cognitive（认知的，认识的）本身是形容词，可以直接排除B项(动词,表示…),C项与E项(名词,表示…)。Cognitive所在句:From20to30percentofpeopleintheir80swhovolunteerforcognitivetestingperformaswellasvolunteersintheir30sand40s,whoarepresumablyintheirmentalprime(在80多岁自愿参加认知测试的人中，有20%到30%的人表现出色，30多岁和40多岁的人也表现出色，他们大概处于精神发育的最佳时期)。因此A项“与认识与判断行为相关的一个形容词”正确。

14.词义题。对aflexibleattitude的解释为:adapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces(容易适应变化，喜欢学习新东西与去新的地方)。故flexible的意思为“灵活多变”。其反义词为E项“僵硬的，死板的”。

15.词义题。Promising所在句:Havingaflexibleattitudeinmiddleagewasalsoapromisingindicator(中年时态度灵活也是一个很有前途的指标)。因此Promising表示”有希望的，有前途的”。故选C“有力地暗示可能结果”。

16.单选题

Manyoftheshopkeepersarepoor.Thereisn’tmuch____inthistown.

问题1选项

A.failure

B.advantage

C.prosperity

D.indigence

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.failure失败的人（或事物）B.advantage有利条件

C.prosperity兴旺；繁荣D.indigence穷困；贫乏

【答案】C

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：许多店主都很穷。这个城镇不太……。根据逻辑，由这个镇子上的店主很穷可以推测，这个镇子比较贫穷也就是不太繁华。因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A选项failure“失败的人（或事物）”，因为句子前半部分说镇子很穷，后半部分说没有……，因此不可能是没有太多失败的人，该选项不符合逻辑；

B选项advantage“有利条件”，题目说到店主很穷，店主与有利条件联系不大，该选项不符合逻辑；

D选项indigence“穷困；贫乏”，题目说到大部分店主都很穷，因此这个城镇应该是有很多贫困的情况，而不是没有，因此该选项不符合逻辑。

【句意】许多店主都很穷。这个城镇不太繁华。

17.单选题

Naturally,inagroupofanimalsasdiverseasthesnakes,andwithsomanyvariedenemies,therearenumerousdefensivereactionsanddevices.Thereis,however,onegeneralpatternofbehavior,inthepresenceofasuspectedenemythefirstreactionistotrytoescapeobservation;ifthisfails,thenextresortisflighttosomeinaccessibleretreat,butifthisisnotpossible,oriscircumvented,variouskindsofintimidatorygesturesandwarningdevicesarebroughtintoplay;inthelastresortthesnakeattacks.Thispatternvarieswiththecircumstances;somestagesmaybeomittedorcombinedunpredictablywhilst;somenotoriouslyirasciblespeciesmaydispensewithallthepreliminariesandattackalmostatonce,thoughseldomorneverwithoutsomeprovocation.

Amongstthefactorsthatincreaseaggressivenessarehunger,thematingseasonandsurprise,withthelastmentionedthecommonest;whenhuntingforfoodorformates,activityandtheaggressiveinstinctarebothattheirpeak,butitiswhenitiscaughtunawaresthatthenormalchainofre-actionstendstobecometelescoped.Owingtotheirpoorsenseofhearing,snakesareveryliabletobe,quiteliterally,caughtnappingandasimilarsituationarisesduringtheirperiodsoftemporaryblindnessjustbeforesloughingbegins.Byfarthegreatestnumberofsnake-biteaccidentsresultfromtheunwittingdisturbanceofrestingsnakes,andthishazardismuchincreasedwithspeciesthatarewellcamouflagedandwhosenaturalinstinctistotrusttothisconcealmentastheirprincipaldefense.Aswellasdifferencesinaggressivenessbetweenindividualsofthesamespeciesaccordingtothecircumstancesandconditions,therearealsonotabledifferencesbetweenspecies,evencloselyalliedspecies;andthereportsofthosewhohavebeenattackedmayunderstandablybelackinginobjectivity.Soitisimpossibletoforecast,eveninoutline,howanyencounterwilldevelop.

TheHamadryad,forexample,isusuallycreditedwithbeingamongstthemostaggressiveofsnakes,andtherearemanyaccountsofunprovokedattacks,yetononeoccasionfourteenmenandsevendogspassedandreturnedwithintwoyardsfromanestandnosnakewasseenalthoughthefemale,whichguardsthenest,couldnothavebeenfaraway.

1.Whenasnakemeetsapotentialenemy,itsprimarydeviceis（）.

2.By“dispensewithallthepreliminaries”(thelastsentence,Para.l.),theauthormostprobablymeansthat（）.

3.Asnakeismostaggressivewhen（）.

4.Itisdifficulttopredictwhatwouldhappenwhenasnakemeetsamanbecause（）.

5.Theauthorusestheexampleinthelastparagraphtosupporthisideathat（）.

问题1选项

A.avoidinganyobservation

B.findingasafeshelter

C.givingawarningthreat

D.startingaquick

问题2选项

A.thesnakescombineallthepreviousthreesteps.

B.thesnakesgiveupalltheprevioussteps.

C.thesnakesfollowallthepreviousstepsonebyone.

D.thesnakesreversetheorderofalltheprevioussteps.

问题3选项

A.itmeetsapossibleenemy

B.itiscaughtwhenitissleepingorsloughing

C.itisdisturbedunknowingly

D.itseeksapartnerinthematingseason

问题4选项

A.noonehaseverclearlyknownhowhehimselfwasbit

B.mantendstobesubjectivewhenhedescribeshisencounterwithasnake

C.theaggressivenessofthesnakesdiversifiesaccordingtodifferentsituations

D.asnakedoesnotbegintoattackwithoutprovocation

问题5选项

A.snakesdonotbegintheaggressiveactifitisnotdisturbed

B.somesnakesaremoreaggressiveandmorereadytoattack

C.itishardtoforecastwhetherandhowsnakeswouldattack

D.snakesoftenconcealthemselvesastheirprincipaldefense

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。定位到文章第一段，“inthepresenceofsuspectedenemythefirstreactionistotrytoescapeobservation”，在可疑的敌人面前，第一反应是设法逃过观察。由此可知蛇第一装置是逃避任何的观察，因此选项A正确。

2.事实细节题。定位到文章最后一段，“somestagesmaybeomittedorcombinedunpredictablywhilst;somenotoriouslyirasciblespeciesmaydispensewithallthepreliminariesandattackalmostatonce”，一些阶段可能被省略或合并不可预测，而一些臭名昭著的暴躁物种可能免除所有的准备，几乎一下子攻击。由