考研考博-英语-四川轻化工大学考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川轻化工大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese

ThereisonelastquestionImustdealwithinthischapter.Whyshouldhumanbeingsbemoral?Anotherwayofputtingtheproblemisasfollows:Isthereanyclearfoundationorbasisformorality—cananyreasonsbefoundforhumanbeingstobegoodanddorightactsratherthanbebadanddowrongacts?

Alloftheargumentsputfortharecompellingandvalidtosomeextent,providedthatfreequestioningofthemoralprescriptionsthattheyhaveestablishedorthattheysupportisallowedandencouraged.Ihavealreadypointedoutsomeofthedifficultiesassociatedwithestablishingareligiousbasisformorality,butproblemsexistwiththeothertwoargumentsaswell.（1）

Theself-interestargumentcanbeaproblemwhenotherinterestsconflictwithit:oftenitisdifficulttoconvincesomeonewhoseesobviousbenefitsinactingimmorallyinaparticularsituationthatitisinhisorherself-interesttodootherwise.Moralityestablishedbytraditionandlawisproblematicbecauseitisdifficultbothtochangeandtoquestionsuccessfully.Thislackofquestioningsometimesencouragesblindobediencetheimmoralpractices.Itencouragesthebeliefthatbecausesomethinghasbeendoneacertainwayforhundredsofyears,itmustberight.

（2）Arethereanyotherreasonswecangiveastowhyhumanbeingsshouldbemoral?Ifweexaminehumannatureasempiricallyandrationallyaswecan,wediscoverthatallhumanbeingshavemanyneeds,desires,goals,andobjectivesincommon.Forexample,peoplegenerallyseemtoneedfriendship,love,happiness,freedom,peace,creativity,andstabilityintheirlives,notonlyforthemselvesbutforothers,too.（3）

Itdoesn’ttakemuchfurtherexaminationtodiscoverthatinordertosatisfytheseneeds,peoplemustestablishandfollowmoralprinciplesthatencouragethemtocooperatewithoneanotherandthatfreethemfromfearthattheywilllosetheirlives,bemutilated,orbestolenfrom,liedto,cheated,severelyrestricted,orimprisoned.

Itismycontention,then,thatmoralityhascomeaboutbecauseofhumanneedsandthrougharecognitionoftheimportanceoflivingtogetherinaco-operativeandsignificantway.Iamnottryingtosuggestthatallhumanbeingscanbeconvincedthattheyshouldbemoral,oreventhatitwillalwaysbeineachindividual’sself-interesttobemoral.Idobelieve,however,thatthequestion“Whyshouldhumanbeingsbemoral”generallycanbestbeansweredbythestatementthatadheringtomoralprinciplesenableshumanbeingstolivetheirlivesaspeacefully,happily,creatively,andmeaningfullyasispossible.

Also,asImentionedwhendiscussinglawandmorality,therehasbeenamarkedincreaseintheteachingofethicsinlawschools.Thesametypesofcourseshavebeenestablishedatmedicalschools,andtherehasbeenanincreaseinbioethicsandotherethicscommitteesinhospitalsandvariousbusinesses.Forexample,JamesO’Toolehasbeenconductingvalues-basedleadershipseminarsforCEOsandothermanagersinbusiness.Onemightask.“Doesthismeanthatwearebecomingmoreethical,orthatwewillbe,astheseethicsbegintofilterdowntothegeneralpopulace?”Certainlyitisadmirablethatsomanyevenpoliticians—areinterestedinvaluesandinimprovingtheethicallevelinAmerica.Mymajorconcerniswithhowsuperficialallofthisis,especiallyasitcomesfrompoliticianstryingtogetelected.Idon’tdoubtthatsomeofthesepoliticiansaresincere,butsome-timesIwonderwhosevaluestheywishtoimpose,andalsoIwonderhowmuchtraininganyofthesepeoplehavehadinethics.

（4）Yetregardlessofhowpopular,superficiallyornot,ethicsmaybecome,itcertainlyshouldbethemostimportantaspectofyourlife.Afterall,whatcouldbemoreimportantthanlearninghowtolivemoreethicallyandimprovingthequalityofyourlifeandthelivesofothersaroundyou?AsAlbertEinsteinsaid,“Themostimportanthumanendeavoristhestrivingformoralityinouractions.Ourinnerbalanceandevenourveryexistencedependonit.Onlymoralityinouractionscangivebeautyanddignitytolife.”

（5）Moralitydealsbasicallywithhumansandhowtheyrelatetootherbeings,bothhumanandnonhuman.Itdealswithhowhumanstreatotherbeingssoastopromotemutualwelfare,growth,creativity,andmeaningandtostriveforwhatisgoodoverwhatisbadandwhatisrightoverwhatiswrong.

【答案】1.当与他人利益发生冲突时，利己主义的观点就会成为一个问题：在某特定情形下，若不按道德行事，某人会明显受益，因此，往往很难说服此人遵守道德规范对他或她有益。

2.至于人类为何需要遵守道德规范，我们还能给出其他的理由吗？如果我们能够尽可能地凭借经验或理性审视人性，我们会发现所有人类都有很多相似的需求、欲望、目标和目的。

3.不需要进一步调查就能发现，人类为了满足这些需求，必须树立和遵循道德规范。这会鼓励他们与他人进行合作，帮助他们摆脱可能会丧命、致残，或者遭他人偷窃、撒谎、欺骗、严重地受限制或囚禁等带来的恐惧。

4.然而无论伦理是否受欢迎或者肤浅，它可能成为，也一定应是你的生活中最重要的一面。毕竟，学习如何更符合伦理道德地生活，以及改善你的以及身边人的生活质量，难道还有比这更重要的事吗？

5.道德主要是关于人，以及他们与其他人或人类以外其他事物之间的关系。它涉及人类如何对待其他人或物，从而促进共同的福利、发展、创造力和意义，以及为了好战胜坏和正义战胜邪恶而努力。

2.单选题

Bothsidesattheconflicthaveagreedtemporarilyto（）hostilities.

问题1选项

A.suspend

B.reconcile

C.compromise

D.negotiate

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。Suspend"延缓,推迟";reconcile"使一致,使和解";compromise"妥协,和解";negotiate"谈判,交涉"。句意：冲突双方已同意暂时停止敌对行动。选项A符合句意。

3.单选题

Unlikegirlsandboysinearliergenerations,whotendedtospendagooddealoftimeplayingtogether,today’s12-year-oldsaretypicallygivenseveralelectronicdevices,sothey

wouldinclinetoplayalone.

问题1选项

A.gooddealoftimeplaying

B.today’s12-year-olds

C.typicallygiven

D.wouldinclinetoplay

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】动词误用。incline改为tend。此处表达的是：倾向（做…），而inclinetodosth.为：倾向于（认为某个信念或观点是正确的）。

4.单选题

Wehopethisradiowillhelpovercomethe____feltduringyourstayinthehospital.

问题1选项

A.pain

B.loneliness

C.tedium

D.nervousness

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pain疼痛B.loneliness孤独

C.tedium无聊D.nervousness紧张不安

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】句意：我们希望这台收音机能帮助你克服在医院期间的____感受。根据句意，首先，空格处所填词是在医院住院的感受，其次，这种感受可以通过听收音机解决，C选项tedium“无聊”符合语境，住院是很无聊的，有收音机听就不无聊了。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原文语义逻辑。

【句意】我们希望这台收音机能帮助你克服在医院期间的无聊。

5.单选题

Myclassmatesstoodtherelookinguneasilyatme,puzzlingwhyIhadn’tgotannoyedthistimewhenIcouldn’tgetmyown（）.

问题1选项

A.way

B.wish

C.will

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项way“方法；道路；方向；行业；习惯”；B选项wish“希望，愿望；祈求，心愿；祝愿，祝福；想要的东西，希望的事；请求，要求”；C选项will“意志，决心；心愿；遗嘱；意旨；愿意；想要；决心要；用意志力使；遗赠”；D选项desire“（n.）欲望；要求，心愿（v.）想要；要求；希望得到……；渴望”。根据固定搭配getone’sownway“随心所欲，想怎样就怎样”可知该题选way。句意：我同学站在那儿，不安地看着我，似乎在疑惑为什么我这次没有因为没有用自己的方式处理问题而焦虑。因此A选项正确。

6.不定项选择题

PsychologistsagreethatI.Q.contributeonlyabout20percentofthefactorsthatdeterminesuccess.Afull80percentcomesfromotherfactors,includingwhatIcallemotionalintelligence.Followingaretwoofthemajorqualitiesthatmakeupemotionalintelligence,andhowtheycanbedeveloped:

1.Self-awareness.Theabilitytorecognizeafeelingasithappensisthekeystoneofemotionalintelligence.Peoplewithgreatercertaintyabouttheiremotionsarebetterpilotsoftheirlives.

Developingself-awarenessrequirestuningintowhatneurologistAntonioDamasiocalls“gutfeelings.”Gutfeelingscanoccurwithoutapersonbeingconsciouslyawareofthem.Forexample,whenpeoplewhofearsnakesareshownapictureofasnake,sensorsontheirskinwilldetectsweat,asignofanxiety,eventhoughthepeoplesaytheydonotfeelfear.Thesweatshowsupevenapictureispresentedsorapidlythatthesubjecthasnoconsciousawarenessofseeingit.

Throughdeliberateeffortwecanbecomemoreawareofourgutfeelings.Takesomeonewhoisannoyedbyarudeencounterforhoursafteritoccurred.Hemaybeawareofhisirritabilityandsurprisedwhensomeonecallsattentiontoit.Butifheevaluateshisfeelings,hecanchangethem.

Emotionalself-awarenessisthebuildingblockofthenextfundamentalofemotionintelligence:beingabletoshakeoffbadmood.

2.MoodManagement.Badaswellasgoodmoodsspicelifeandbuildcharacter.Thekeyisbalance.

Weoftenhavelittlecontroloverwhenwearesweptbyemotion.Butwecanhavesomesayinhowlongthatemotionwilllast.PsychologistDianneTiceaskedmorethan400menandwomenabouttheirstrategiesforescapingfoulmoods.Herresearch,alongwiththatofotherpsychologists,providesvaluableinformationonhowtochangeabadmood.

Ofallthemoodsthatpeoplewanttoescape,rageseemstobethehardesttodealwith.Whensomeoneinanothercarcutsyouoffonthehighway,yourreflexivethoughtmaybe:Thatjerk!Hecouldhavehitme!Ican’tlethimgetawaywiththat!Themoreyoustew,theangrieryouget.Suchisthestuffofhypertensionandrecklessdriving.

Whatshouldyoudotorelieverage?Onemythisthatventilatingwillmakeyoufeelbetter.Infact,researchershavefoundthat’soneoftheworststrategies.Amoreeffectivetechniqueis“refraining”,whichmeansconsciouslyreinterpretingasituationinamorepositivelight.Inthecaseofthedriverwhocutsyouoff,youmighttellyourself:Maybehehadsomeemergency.Thisisoneofthemostpotentways,Ticefound,toputangertorest.

Goingoffalonetocoolclownisalsoaneffectivewaytorefuseanger,especiallyifyoucan’tthinkclearly.Ticefoundthatalargeproportionofmencooldownbygoingforadrive—afindingthatinspiredhertodrivemoredefensively.Asaferalternativeisexercise,suchastakingalongwalk.Whateveryoudo,don’twastethetimepursuingyourtrainofangerthoughts.Youraimshouldbetodistractyourself.

Thetechniquesofreframinganddistractioncanalleviatedepressionandanxietyaswellasanger.Addtothemsuchrelaxationtechniquesasdeepbreathingandmeditationandyouhaveanarsenalofweaponsagainstbadmoods.

1.Whataregutfeelings?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofknowingone’sgutfeelingsisthat（）.

3.Theword“spice”inParagraph6isclosedinmeaningto（）.

4.Theessenceof“refraining”inParagraph9is（）.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyarefeelingoneisbornwith.

B.Theyarefeelingsonemaybeunawareof.

C.Theyarefeelingsoffearandanxiety.

D.Theyarefeelingsfeltbysensiblepeople.

问题2选项

A.onecandevelopthem

B.onecancallother’sattentiontothem

C.onemaygetridofthem

D.onemaycontrolthem

问题3选项

A.addinterestto

B.lengthen

C.makedull

D.bringintoexistence

问题4选项

A.toforgettheunpleasantsituation

B.toadoptapositiveattitude

C.toprotectoneselfproperly

D.toavoidroadaccidents

问题5选项

A.WhatisEmotionalIntelligence?

B.HowtoDevelopEmotionalIntelligence.

C.StrategiesforGettingRidofFoulMoods.

D.HowtoControlone’sGutFeelings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干关键词“gutfeelings”定位到第三段第二句话“Gutfeelingscanoccurwithoutapersonbeingconsciouslyawareofthem”（直觉可能在一个人没有意识到的情况下发生）可知，直觉是人们可能没有意识到的感觉。A选项“它们是天生的”没有原文依据；C选项“它们是恐惧和焦虑的感觉”错误，直觉包括很多种感觉；D选项“它们是理智的人所感受到的感情”错误，人都会有直觉，没有理性和感性之分。因此B选项正确。

第2题:判断推理题。由题干定位到第四段倒数一、二句话“Hemaybeawareofhisirritabilityandsurprisedwhensomeonecallsattentiontoit.Butifheevaluateshisfeelings,hecanchangethem”（他可能意识到了自己的易怒，当有人提醒他时，他会感到惊讶。但如果他评估自己的感受，他就能改变。）可知既然可以改变，那就是可以控制的。A选项“可以开发它们”、B选项“一个人可以引起别人的注意”、C选项“人们可以摆脱它们”均说法错误，文中没有相关表述。因此D选项正确。

第3题:语义推测题。由题干关键词“spice”定位到第六段“MoodManagement.Badaswellasgoodmoodsspicelifeandbuildcharacter.Thekeyisbalance”（情绪管理。好心情和坏心情可以丰富生活，塑造性格。关键是平衡）可知spice是丰富的意思，即给生活增加乐趣。A选项“增加乐趣”；B选项“延长”、C选项“乏味”、D选项“产生”三项与该处语义不符。因此A选项正确。

第4题:判断推理题。由题干关键词“refraining”定位到第九段“Amoreeffectivetechniqueis‘refraining’,whichmeansconsciouslyreinterpretingasituationinamorepositivelight.Inthecaseofthedriverwhocutsyouoff,youmighttellyourself:Maybehehadsomeemergency”（一种更有效的方法是“克制”，这意味着有意识地以一种更积极的态度重新解释当前的情况。对于插队的司机，你可以告诉自己：也许他遇到了紧急情况）可知遇到问题时要克制自己，当遇到插队的司机时的想法告诉我们要用积极的态度去思考这些问题。A选项“忘记不愉快的处境”；C选项“妥善保护自己”、D选项“避免交通意外”三项不是本质，而是具体可以怎么去让自己的处境变得舒缓一点的方法，所以排除。因此B选项正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。由题干定位到第一段最后一句话“Followingaretwoofthemajorqualitiesthatmakeupemotionalintelligence,andhowtheycanbedeveloped…”（以下是构成情商的两个主要品质，以及如何开发它们……）可知本文主要围绕如何开发情商所展开。A选项“什么是情商”概括不全面，文章不是主要讲了情商的定义，有简单的提及；C选项“摆脱坏心情的策略”、D选项“如何控制自己的直觉”两项都是如何开发情商的不同的两个方法，不能概括整个文章的主旨大意，所以排除。因此B选项正确。

7.翻译题

Itwasableak,rainyday,andIhadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroadtomydaughterCarolyn’shouse.ButshehadinsistedthatIcomeandseesomethingatthetopofthemountain.

Turningdownanarrowtrack,weparkedthecarandgotout.Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.Hugeblackgreenevergreenstoweredover.Graduallythepeaceandsilenceoftheplacebegantofillmymind.Thenweturnedacorner—andIstoppedandgaspedinamazement.

Fromthetopofthemountain,slopingforseveralacresacrossfoldsandvalleyswereriversofdaffodilsinradiantbloom.Aprofusionofcolor—fromthepalestivorytothedeepestlemontothemostvividsalmon—blazedlikeacarpetbeforeus.Itlookedasthoughthesunhadtippedoverandspilledgolddownthemountainside.

Ariotofquestionsfilledmymind.Whocreatedsuchbeauty?Why?How?

Asweapproachedthehomethatstoodinthecenteroftheproperty,wesawasign:ANSWERSTOTHEQUESTIONSIKNOWYOUAREASKING.Thefirstanswerwas:ONEWOMAN—TWOHANDS,TWOFEETANDVERYLITTLEBRAIN.Thesecondwas:ONEATATIME.Thethird:STARTEDIN1958.

Aswedrovehome,IwassomovedbywhatwehadseenthatIcouldscarcelyspeak.“Shechangedtheworld,”Ifinallysaid,“onebulbatatime.Shestartedalmost40yearsago,probablyjustthebeginningofanidea,butshekeptatit.”Thewonderofitwouldnotletmego.“Imagine,”Isaid,“ifI’dhadavisionandworkedatit,justalittlebiteveryday,whatmighthaveIaccomplished?”

【答案】【参考译文】凄风细雨，山路蜿蜒，我毫无兴致驱车前往女儿卡罗琳的家。可女儿一定要我前去看看山顶上的景致。

转过一条狭窄的小道我们停下车出来，沿着铺满厚厚一层松针的小路走去。头顶上高大的墨绿色常青树耸入云霄。渐渐地这地方的平和宁静开始令我陶醉。然后我们拐了个弯，我停下了脚步，惊诧不已。

从山顶往下好几英亩的山坡上，满是怒放的水仙花，犹如江河直下，越过山坳，穿过峡谷，一片五彩缤纷：有洁净无比的象牙白，有极其浓郁的柠檬黄，有鲜艳夺目的鲑鱼橙，如同一幅地毯展现在我们而前，令人眼花缭乱。仿佛太阳倾翻了，把一片金光溢泻到了山坡上。

一大堆问题在我的脑海中翻腾。谁创造了这种美景？为什么要创造？又是如何创造的？

我们走近这块宝地中央的屋子，只见一块牌子上写着：我知道你要问的问题，答案如下。答案一：一位妇女，一双手，两只脚，而且天资不高。答案二：一次种一株。答案三：开始于1958年。

驱车回家的路上，我为所见的一切感动不已，无言以对。“她改造了世界，”我终于说道。“一次种一株。她几乎40年前就开始了。当时也许只是一念之闪，但她持之以恒。”这一奇观令我回味良久。“试想，”我说道，“如果我有一个梦想，并为之努力，每天干一点，最后我会做出怎样的成绩呢？”

8.单选题

Walkingthroughmytrainyesterday,staggeringfrommyseattothebuffetandback,IcountedfivepeoplereadingHarryPotternovels.Notchildren-thesewererealgrown-upsreadingchildren’sbooks.

Maybethatwouldhavebeenunderstandable.Ifthesepeoplehadjumpedwhole-heartedlyintoasecondchildhooditwouldhavemademoresense.Buttheywerecard-carryinggrown-upswithlaptopsandspreadsheetsreturningfromsalesmeetingsandseminars.Yettheychosetoreadachildren’sbook.

Idon’timagineyou’llfindthisheadcountexceptional.YoucannolongergetontheLondonTubeandnotseeaHarryPotterbook.Norisitjustthefilm;thesethrowbackreaderswereoutthereindroveslongbeforethemoviecampaignopened.

SowhoaretheseadultreaderswhohavemadeJ.K.Rowlingthesecond-biggestfemaleearnerinBritain(afterMadonna)AsIhavetrampedalongstreetsknee-deepinHarryPotterpaperbacks,I’vementallyslottedthemintothreegroups.

FirstcometheNever-Readers,whomHarryhasenticedintoopeningabook.Isthisabadthingprobablynot.Writinghasmanyadvantagesoverfilm,butitcannevercompetewithitsmagneticpunch.Ifthesebookscanre-establishthenovelasathrillingexperienceforsomepeople,thenthiscanonlybeforthebetter.Ifittakesobsession-levelhypetolurethemintoabookshop,that’sfinebyme.Butwilltheygoontoreadanythingelseagain,wecanonlyhope.

ThesecondgrouparetheOccasionalReaders.Thesepeopleclaimthattiredness,workandchildrenallowthemtoreadonlyafewbooksayear.Yetnow—tobepartofthecrowd,tosaythey’vereadit—theyputHarryPotterontheiroh-so-selectreadinglist.It’sinfuriating,andmaddening.Yes,I’mawritermyself,currentlywritingdifficult,unreadable,hopefullyunsettlingnovels,buttherearesomanyothergoodbooksoutthere,somuchrewarding,enlightening,enlargingworksoffictionforadults;andyetthesesadcasesaresweptalongbythehype,thefaddism,intoreadingachildren’sbook.

ThethirdgrouparetheRegularReaders,forwhomHarryissandwichedbetweenMcEwanandBalzac,RothandDickens.Thisistherealbaffler—whatonearthdotheygetoutofreadingit?Whybother?Butiftheycallrattlethroughitinaweekjusttosaythey’vebeenthere—likegoingtoLongleatortheEiffelTower—theworstthey’redoingisencouragingothers.

1.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Theauthorbelievesthatmanyadultsread（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,theNever-Readers（）.

4.TheOccasionalReadersarereferredtoassadcasesbecause（）.

5.What’sthebadeffectofthewaytheRegularReadersreadHarryPatter?

6.ThemainculpritforthismadnessaboutHarryPotterismostprobably（）.

问题1选项

A.TheworldwidepopularityofHarryPotter.

B.AdultsbenefitingfromreadingHarryPotter.

C.TheoriginofHarryPotterasachildren’sbook.

D.ReflectionsonHarryPotter’spopularityamongadults.

问题2选项

A.tofollowsuit

B.toenjoyasecondchildhood

C.tokilltime

D.toshareHarry’sadventure

问题3选项

A.willtakeupreadingastheirlifelonghobby

B.havegotmorefromthebookthanfromthefilm

C.maybarelygetinterestedinotherbooksthanHarryPotter

D.canhardlybedrivenbythecrowdstoreadanybook

问题4选项

A.they’retoobusytoenjoyregularreading

B.they’resufferingfromtheheavyworkload

C.theyhaveahardtimeselectingwhattoread

D.theirreadingtasteisaffectedbyfashion

问题5选项

A.Itwillpromotetoomanyvisitstotheplacesthebookmentions.

B.Itwilldiscouragepeoplefromreadingrealmasterpieces.

C.Itwillfosterreadingaspartofafast-foodculture.

D.Itwillcauseaconfusionoffaddismwithclassics.

问题6选项

A.JKRowing

B.thepublisher

C.themediahype

D.itsthrillingstories

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。从整篇文章读下来，前四段是作者在火车上发现有成年人在读《哈利•波特》的现象以及作者的所想，后三段作者将阅读《哈利•波特》的成年人群分为三组，分析《哈利•波特》受欢迎的原因，由此可知D选项“《哈利•波特》受成年人欢迎的反思”符合题意。

2.事实细节题。定位到文章第五段中的Ifittakesobsession-levelhypetolurethemintoabookshop,that’sfinebyme.（如果这需要痴迷程度的宣传来吸引他们进入书店，对我来说没问题）可知A选项“为了跟风”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。定位到文章第五段中的Butwilltheygoontoreadanythingelseagain,wecanonlyhope.（但我们只能希望，他们还会继续读别的书吗?）可知C选项“除了《哈利•波特》，对其他书籍几乎没有兴趣”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。定位到文章第六段中的Thesepeopleclaimthattiredness,workandchildrenallowthemtoreadonlyafewbooksayear.Yetnow—tobepartofthecrowd,tosaythey’vereadit—theyputHarryPotterontheiroh-so-selectreadinglist.（这些人声称疲劳，工作和孩子使他们一年只能读几本书，然而现在，作为人群中的一员，说他们已经读过它了，他们把《哈利•波特》列入了他们的“超精选”阅读清单）可知D选项“他们的阅读品味受到时尚的影响”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。定位到文章第七段ThethirdgrouparetheRegularReaders,forwhomHarryissandwichedbetweenMcEwan(英国当代作家)andBalzac,Roth(德国现代诗人)andDickens可了解到文化的混乱，因此D选项正确。

6.事实细节题。定位到文章第六段andyetthesesadcasesaresweptalongbythehype,thefaddism,intoreadingachildren’sbook.（然而，这些令人悲伤的案例却被大肆宣传和时尚潮流席卷，变成了儿童读物）表明媒体炒作使得《哈利•波特》的宣传十分到位且疯狂，因此选项C正确。

9.单选题

Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercarisstillthere.She（）bybus.

问题1选项

A.musthavegone

B.shouldhavegone

C.oughttohavegone

D.couldhavegone

【答案】A

【解析】虚拟语气。根据句子的前半部分可知，南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那里，后面应该是肯定的推测，南希一定是坐公交去上班了。A选项musthavegone“一定是”，表示对过去肯定的推测；B选项shouldhavegone和C选项oughttohavegone都表示“本来应该去而未去”；D选项couldhavegone表示“本来能够去而没去”。句意：南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那里，她一定是坐公交去上班的。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

10.单选题

Thatwouldcauseanoutcryandaddseveralpercentagepointstoinflation,andcouldeasilycheckspendingand（）therecoveryinitscradle.

问题1选项

A.impel

B.stage

C.strangle

D.invigorate

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。impel“趋使，推动”；stage“筹划，举行”；strangle“绞杀，使窒息”；invigorate“鼓舞”。句意：这将引起强烈的抗议，并且使通货膨胀增加几个百分点，而且会控制消费，使复苏在摇篮中就被扼杀。选项C符合题意。

11.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

中国发展已经取得了巨大的成就，但我们清楚地认识到，中国还是最大的发展中国家，人均国内生产总值(percapitaGDP)在世界排名不高，科技水平与发达国家有较大差距。经济正在进行提质增效，但仍然存在着很多制约发展的体制和机制(systemicandinstitutional)障碍。中国要实现更大更好的发展，到21世纪中叶进入中等发达国家行列，关键是坚持走改革创新之路，进一步解放思想，把人民群众的创造潜能充分激发出来，使整个社会充满生机活力，形成支撑发展源源不断的动力。

【答案】Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinitsdevelopment.ButwearefullyawarethatChinaisstillthelargestdevelopingcountry.ItspercapitaGDPisnothighintheworldranking,anditslevelofscienceandtechnologylagsfarbehindthatofdevelopedcountries.Theeconomyisimprovinginqualityandefficiency,buttherearestillsystemicandinstitutionalobstaclestodevelopment.Toachievegreaterandbetterdevelopmentandjointheranksofmedium-developedcountriesbythemiddleofthe21stcentury,thekeyforChinaistostayonthepathofreformandinnovation,furtheremancipatethemind,fullyunleashthecreativepotentialofthepeople,invigoratethewholesociety,andcreateasteadystreamofdrivingforcefordevelopment.

12.写作题

Directions:Forthissection,youareaskedtoreadthefollowingshortpassagefirstandthentowriteacompositionentitled''WhichoneDoYouThinkIsMoreImportant,PleasureorLongevity?"Youshouldnotcopyanyofthesentencesinthefollowingpassage.Youshouldwritenolessthan150words.RemembertowriteclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.（15%）（Justforyourreference）

Peoplearealmostphobic（恐惧症）abouthavingfun.increasinglyviewingthemselvesasfragile,vulnerable,readytodevelopcancerorheartdiseaseattheslightestprovocation（刺激）.Inthenameofhealth,peoplegiveupmanyoftheirlifeenjoyments.Wehavenoquarrelwiththeevidencethatsomepleasures,likecigarettesmoking,highalcoholconsumption,addictivedrugs,drivingmuchtoofast,areunhealthyandshouldbeknockedoff.Butworryingtoomuchaboutanythingincludingcalories,salt,cancer,andcholesterol（胆固醇）canrobyourlifeofvitality.Livingoptimistically,withpleasure,zest,andcommitmentenrichesifnotlengthenslife.

Doyouagreetotheabovepointofview?Whichonedoyouthinkismoreimportant,pleasureorlongevity（长寿）?GiveyourowncommentsandwritethemdownontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】略

13.单选题

Publicgeneralhospitalsoriginatedinthealmshouseinfirmariesestablishedasearlyascolonialtimesbylocalgovernmentstocareforthepoor.Later,inthelateeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies,theinfirmaryseparatedfromthealmshouseandbecameanindependentinstitutionsupportedbylocaltaxmoney.Atthesametime,privatecharityhospitalsbegantodevelop.Bothprivateandpublichospitalsprovidedmainlyfoodandshelterfortheimpoverishedsick,sincetherewaslittlethatmedicinecouldactuallydotocureillness,andthemiddleclasswastreatedathomebyprivatephysicians.

Lateinthenineteenthcentury,theprivatecharityhospitalbegantryingtoattractmiddle-classpatients.Althoughthedepressionof1890stimulatedthegrowthofcharitableinstitutionsandanexpandingurbanpopulationbecamedependentonassistance,therewasadeclineinprivatecontributionstotheseorganizationswhichforcedthemtolooktolocalgovernmentforfinancialsupport.Sinceprivateinstitutionshadalsolostbenefactors;theybegantochargepatients.Inordertoattractmiddle-classpatients,privateinstitutionsprovidedservicesandamenitiesthatdistinguishedbetweenpayingandnon-payingpatientsandmadethehospitaladesirableplaceforprivatephysicianstotreattheirownpatients.Aspayingpatientsbecamemorenecessarytothesurvivaloftheprivatehospital,thepublichospitalsslowlybecametheonlyplaceforthepoortogettreatment.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,citieswerereimbursingprivatehospitalsfortheircareofindigentpatientsandthepublichospitalsremaineddependentonthetaxdollars.

Theadventofprivatehospitalhealthinsurance,whichprovidedmiddle-classpatientswiththepurchasingpowertopayforprivatehospitalservices,guaranteedtheprivatehospitalaregularsourceofincome.Privatehospitalsrestrictedthemselvestorevenue-generatingpatients,leavingthepublichospitalstocareforfilepoor.Althoughpublichospitalscontinuedtoprovideservicesforpatientswithcommunicablediseasesand-outpatientandemergencyservices,theBlueCrossplansdevelopedaroundtheneedsoftheprivatehospitalsandtheinpatientstheyserved.Thus,reimbursementforambulatorycarehasbeenminimalundermostBlueCrossplans,andprovisionofoutpatientcarehasnotbeenamajorfunctionoftheprivatehospital,inpartbecauseprivatepatientscanaffordtopayfortheservicesofprivatephysicians.Additionally,sinceWorldWarII，therehasbeenatremendousinfluxoffederalmoneyintoprivatemedicalschoolsandthehospitalsassociatedwiththem.Further,largeprivatemedicalcenterswithexpensiveresearchequipmentandprogramshaveattractedthebestadministrators,physicians,andresearchers.Asaresultofthegreaterresourcesavailabletotheprivatemedicalcenters,publichospitalshaveincreasingproblemsattractinghighlyqualifiedresearchandmedicalpersonnel.Withthemainstreamofhealthcarefirmlyestablishedintheprivatemedicalsector,thepublichospitalhasbecomea“dumpingground.”

56.Accordingtothepassage,theveryfirstprivatehospitals______.

57.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorbelievesthedifferencesthatcurrentlyexistbetweenpublicandprivatehospitalsareprimarilytheresultof______.

58.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostlogicaltopicfortheauthortointroduceinthenextparagraph?

59.Theauthor’sprimaryconcernisto______.

60.Theauthor’sattitudetowardpublichospitalscanbestbedescribedas______.

问题1选项

A.developedfromalmshouseinfirmaries

B.wereestablishedmainlytoservicethepoor

C.weresupportedbygovernmentrevenues

D.providedbettercarethanpublicinfirmaries

问题2选项

A.politicalconsiderations

B.legislativerequirements

C.economicfactors

D.ethicalconcerns

问题3选项

A.Aplantoimprovethequalityofpublichospitals.

B.Ananalysisoftheprofitstructureofhealthinsurancecompanies.

C.Aproposaltoraisetaxesonthemiddleclass.

D.Adiscussionofrecentdevelopmentsinmedicaltechnology.

问题4选项

A.describethefinancialstructureofthehealthcareindustry

B.demonstratetheimportanceofgovernmentsupportforhealth-careinstitutions

C.criticizewealthyinstitutionsforrefusingtoprovideservicestothepoor

D.identifythehistoricalcausesofthedivision