考研考博-英语-商丘职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-商丘职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theserviceoperates36librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix（

）libraries

speciallyservethecountryside.

问题1选项

A.mobile

B.drifting

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。mobilelibrary“流动图书馆”；drifting“漂流的”；shifting“不断移动的”；rotating“旋转的”。句意：这项服务在全国36个图书馆运行，而6个移动图书馆专门服务农村。由固定搭配可知A项正确。

2.单选题

Withmorethan150milesofvirtuallynowaterfallsorrapids,theHudsonRiverextendsinlandfrom（

）,theAtlanticOcean.

问题1选项

A.thesourceof

B.whereitssource

C.itssource

D.fromwhichitssourceis

【答案】C

【解析】语法（同位语）题。分析题干可知，空格后的theAtlanticOcean是空格的同位语，所以排除A选项和D选项;B选项的its为物主代词，与后面的名词source构成主语，那就缺少谓语成分，所以B选项排除，所以答案为C选项。

3.单选题

ThenumberofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseintheUnitedStatesisprojectedtomorethandoubleby2050.

问题1选项

A.devised

B.thrust

C.estimated

D.encountered

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.devised设计B.thrust用力推

C.estimated估计D.encountered遇到

【考查点】动词辨析

【解题思路】原文指到2050年美国老年痴呆症患者的数量将增加一倍以上，2050年是一个未来的年份，这个数据应该是预估的，C选项“估计”符合原文。原文beprojectedto“被预测”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项devised“设计”，美国的老年痴呆症患者的数量应该是自然发生的，不存在说被设计成多少；

B选项thrust“用力推”，不符合原句逻辑；

D选项encountered“遇到”，不符合原句逻辑。

【句意】预计到2050年，美国老年痴呆症患者的数量将增加一倍以上。

4.单选题

Itsoonbecomesclearthattheinteriordesigner'smostimportantbasicconcernisthefunctionoftheparticular（

）.

问题1选项

A.circumstances

B.environment

C.surroundings

D.space

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。circumstance意为“环境，境遇”，往往指人力无法控制、驾驭的事件和事态的总和；environment意为“环境，外界”,指对人的成长、情感、观念、伦理、道德、品行等产生影响的环境;surrounding意为“环境，周围的事物”，偏重于生活、居住的周围环境；space意为“(可利用的)空地，空间”。

句意：很快就清楚了，室内设计师最重要的基本关注点是某一特定空间的功能。

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

夫妻财产同样属于共同财产。

刑法不得溯及既往。

法院驳回了原告的诉讼主张。

他对债务负主要责任。

本合同的任何改动或修正必须作为书面方能产生效力。

【答案】Maritalpropertyisalsopartofthecommonproperty.

Thecriminallawshallnotberetroactive.

Thecourtrejectedtheplaintiffsclaim.

Hewasmainlyresponsibleforthedebt.

Anychangesormodificationofthiscontractmustbewritteninordertobeeffective.

6.单选题

Largeanimalsthatinhabitthedeserthaveevolvedanumberofadaptationsforreducingtheeffectsofextremeheat.

Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbtheSun'srays.Desertmammalsalsodepartfromthenormalmammalianpracticeofmaintainingaconstantbodytemperature.Insteadoftryingtokeepdownthebodytemperaturedeepinsidethebody,whichwouldinvolvetheexpenditureofwaterandenergy,desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant’sgazelles.Theoverheatedbodythencoolsdownduringthecolddesertnight,andindeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel.Thisisanadvantagesincetheheatofthefirstfewhoursofdaylightisabsorbedinwarmingupthebody,andanexcessivebuildupofheatdoesnotbeginuntilwellintotheday.

Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals.Thecamelcanloseupto30percentofitsbodyweightaswaterwithoutharmtoitself,whereashumanbeingsdieafterlosingonly12to13percentoftheirbodyweight.Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink.Desertanimalscandrinkprodigiousvolumesinashorttime,andcamelshavebeenknowntoimbibeover100litersinafewminutes.Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication.Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparseandfar-flungpastures.Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated,itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.TheauthorusesGrant'sgazelleasanexampleof（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdesert-adaptedmammals?

问题1选项

A.Weathervariationsinthedesert

B.Adaptationsofdesertanimals

C.Diseasedofdesertanimals

D.Humanuseofdesertanimals

问题2选项

A.ananimalwithalowaveragetemperature

B.ananimalthatisnotaswelladaptedasthecamel

C.adesertanimalthatcanwithstandhighbodytemperatures

D.adesertanimalwithaconstantbodytemperature

问题3选项

A.Theydonotneedtoeatmuchfood

B.Theycaneatlargequantitiesquickly

C.Theyeasilylosetheirappetites

D.Theycantravellongdistanceslookingforfood

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段“Largeanimalsthatinhabitthedeserthaveevolvedanumberofadaptationsforreducingtheeffectsofextremeheat.生活在沙漠中的大型动物己逐步形成了一些减少极度高温影响的适应方式”提出话题“生活在沙漠中动物的适应性”，之后的段落讲述了“沙漠动物的各种适应，如沙漠动物的毛是浅色的，这样能去反射而不是吸收太阳光、避免通过消耗水分和能量来保持身体恒温等，并跟人类进行比较，来突出沙漠动物的适应性，”所以B选项“沙漠动物的适应性”正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段中第三句“desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant'sgazelles.沙漠中的哺乳类动物允许自己的体温上升到通常是发烧的程度，高达46摄氏度的体温已在格兰特瞪羚被测出”。确定C选项“能经受高体温的一种沙漠动物”正确。

3.推理判断题。A选项“它们不需要吃太多的食物”和B项“它们能很快处大量的食物”在文中没有提及，排除；由最后一段最后一句“Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated,itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.适应沙漠的哺乳类动物有在极度脱水时进一步正常进食的能力，而在人类中一个常见的经历是甚至在中等口渴的情况下都没有胃口”确定C选项“它们容易失去自己的胃口”错误；由最后一段中倒数第二句“Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparseandfar-flungpastures.对水分流失的容忍度在沙漠中是明显的优势，因为动物不需要去停留在水坑附近，而是能从啃食稀疏且遥远的草地来获取食物”确定D选项“它们能行进远的距离来寻找食物”正确。

7.单选题

Appliedscienceis（）discoveringwaystousetheknowledgeoftheoreticalscience.

问题1选项

A.concernedabout

B.combinedwith

C.concernedfor

D.concernedwith

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。beconcernedabout“担心，关心”；becombinedwith“与……联合”；beconcernedfor“为……担忧”；beconcernedwith“涉及，参与，关心”。根据后面“探究理论科学知识的运用方法”可知是appliedscience“应用科学”涉及到的具体内容，因此选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Whilehiseffortsweretremendoustheresultsappearedtobevery（）.

问题1选项

A.trigger

B.meager

C.vigor

D.linger

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词辨析。trigger诱发meager贫瘠的vigor精力linger消磨，徘徊。句意：尽管他付出了巨大努力，但是结果却不令人满意(收获很小)答案B。while表转折，可知前后形成对比。

9.单选题

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and"difficult",forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness(andtime),itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1)Thetestwashard.2)Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedadifferencebetweenwordslike"hard"and“difficult”，whatisit?Tobegin,"hard"ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,"difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable(voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh),while"difficult"ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,"hard"ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea"onthego"orsimplyto"getitout"asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,"hard"maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,"Howwasyourday?"Conversely,"difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.Similarto"hard"and"difficult",thewords"weird"and"strange"tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1)Seamonkeysareweird.2)Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdotheydiffer?Theirdictionarydefinitionsarenearlyidentical,sothedifferencedoesnotliethere.Rather,thedifferenceinvolvesthefeeling,ormood,thatthesewordsconvey.Noticethatwhile"weird"and"strange"bothhavebutonesyllable,thelatterhasaremarkablydistinguishedfeel.

Similarto"hard","weird"conveysamorebasic,amorecrude,sentiment.Something"weird"iscrassorgross,andistypicallyundesirable.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething"weird".Iftryingtoimpresssomeone,oneprobablydoesn'twanttobecategorizedamongthe"weird".Ontheotherhand,ifsomethingislabeledas"strange",itisnotnecessarilybad.Rather,something"strange"issimplyabnormal,orunusual―adeviationfromwhatisexpected.Thisdistinctionbetween"weird"and"strange"issopronouncedthatthelattercanbeusedasaeuphemismfortheformerincertainsituations.Forexample,noticehowasimplesubstitutionisabletomakethefollowingsentencelessoffensive:"Yourmother'scookiestasteweird"comparedto“Yourmother'scookiestastestrange".Intheformersentence,thespeakersoundsasthoughheorsheisinsultingyourmother'scookies,statingthattheytastebad.Inthelattersentence,however,thespeakersoundsasthoughthecookiessimplytastedifferent,orunusual,comparedtowhatheorsheisusedto—thedifferenceowingtotheinnocuousadditionoftoomuchflour,perhaps.

Finally,let'slookatthesynonyms,"happy"and"glad".Asintheaforementionedcases,thesewordsseemtohavelittleornodiscernibledifferencebetweenthem.Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1)Tommyishappybecausehegotanewbike.2)Tommyisgladbecausehegotanewbike.Mostunderstandthesesentencestohavethesamemeaning.Andagain,uponconsultingadictionary,onewillfindhighlysimilar,ifnotthesame,definitions.Butthesedefinitionslackthefeeling,theuniqueemotionalchargethatthesewordsconvey.Theword“happy”conveysasenseoflevity,oracarefreeattitude.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyed,ruddy,smilingface.Oneis“happy”onthemorningofhisbirthday,discoveringanewpuppyboundingintohisbedroom.Ontheotherhand,theword“glad”conjurestheimageofamanstandingcrossed-armed,noddinggently.Astoicgrincrossinghisface.Oneis“glad”whenheseesthatthechild’slostpuppyhasbeenfound,andwasmerelyfrolickingtoofarfromhome.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionary—thetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues—isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences.

1.Whatisthethesisstatementinthispassage?

2.Asusedinparagraph1,whatismostlikelymeantby“scrupulouspedanticalness”？

3.Asusedinparagraph2,whichofthefollowingbestdescribessomethingthatissuperfluous?

4.Inparagraph3,theauthorwrites:"Tobegin,'hard'ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn'tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,"'difficultiseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane."Whichofthefollowingliterarydevicesisusedinthisquotation?

5.Withrespecttothewayinwhichclosesynonymsarecommonlyunderstood,theauthor'stonecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobebelievedtosharethesamemeaning.(paragraph1)

B.However,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness(andtime),itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.(paragraph1)

C.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.(paragraph2)

D.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatetheenergyofaword,(paragraph2)

E.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.(paragraph6)

问题2选项

A.mildcuriosity

B.wryskepticismof

C.passionateindignation

D.stubbornreluctance

E.excessiveconcern

问题3选项

A.Yokoexpectstohavesixdinnerguests,soshesetsthetablewithsixplaces.Ontheside,however,shekeepsanothertwoplacesjustincaseherguestsbringfriends.

B.Theinstructionssaytofillthetireswith35-38poundspersquareinchofair,butMichelefillsthemwith40poundspersquareinchbecausetheyareoldandtendtoleak.

C.ManufactureofModel24AhadbeenscheduledtobeginonMay8.However,creditorsfailedtoforwardmuchneededmonetaryadvancements,delayingthestartofproductionuntilMay10.

D.Thepassingofsinger--songwriterJonathanOrionDavisleftthousands,ifnotmillions,inmourning.Thiswasreflectedbytheastoundingnumberofrosesplacedonhisopencoffin:averitablemountainthathadtoberelocatedbecausethosepayingtheirrespectscouldnolongerviewthedeceased.

E.Lavishedwithcriticalacclaim,thepublicationwasslatedtogeneratetremendousrevenueinsales.Unfortunately,demandhadbeenoverestimated,andasaresult,tenthousandcopiesneverleftstoreshelves.

问题4选项

A.Onomatopoeia

B.hyperbole

C.metaphor

D.personification

E.oxymoron

问题5选项

A.belligerent

B.supercilious

C.rueful

D.conscientious

E.blase

【答案】第1题:E

第2题:E

第3题:E

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段中“Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.”最后，去理解这些同义词如何让我们感受且我们倾向于为它们附上何种语气成了这些积极负责同义词的维持和产生的语言使用者的工作，可知E选项符合题意。

2.词义题。根据文章第一段中“Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles”可知人们可能不在意这些同义词的区别，说明对同同义词缺乏一种仔细认真探究精神，因此E选项“过度关心”符合题意。A选项“轻微的好奇心”；B选项“对……有固执己见的怀疑”；C选项“激动的愤慨”；D选项“执拗的不情愿”。

3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.”有许多意思完全相同的单词有什么意义呢？没有任何意义，那将是多余的;英语在用词上非常简练，可知E选项中的“andasaresult”属于多余的成分。

4.推理判断题。根据句中“Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.”它（指单词difficult）是文明的，愿意付出必要的努力来显得彬彬有礼。可知彬彬有礼一般是用来形容人的，此处用的是拟人的修辞手法，因此D选项“拟人”符合题意。A选项“拟声”；B选项“夸张”；C选项“暗喻”；E选项“矛盾修辞法，逆喻”。

5.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and"difficult",forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.”例如，单词hard和difficult这样的词之间的区别，不幸地没有被注意到，可知作者的语气是悲伤的，因此选C。

10.翻译题

1.Eversinceitscreationover40yearsago，theInternethasremainedapredominantlyunre-strictedplace.Itisaplacewhereanyonecanpresentthemselvesinanyformtheychoose，butwhathappenswhenyourdigitalidentitybeginstomergewithyourreal-worldidentity?Arethosewhochoosetohidetheirrealnamesindangeroflosinganonymityonline?

2.Suchisthepowerofanonymityonthewebthatithasmadeitpossibleforpeople—someof

whommightnormallyberestrictedfromcommunicatingwiththeoutsideworld—tospeakoutwithoutfearingtherepercussionsoftheiractions.Actionscouldputthemindangerifcarriedoutusingtheirrealnames.Concealingone’strueidentityonlinehasmadeitpossibleforfreespeechtobreakthroughthephysicalbarriersenforcedbygovernmentsanddictatorshipsacrosstheworld.

3.Beinganonymousonthewebalsomakesitpossibleforpeopletodiscusssensitivesubjects，suchasmedicalconditions,physicalabuseandsexualorientation，withouttheseactionsaffectingtheireverydaylivesinanegativeorpotentiallyharmfulway.

Therearemanypositivewaystouseanonymityontheweb,buttherecansometimesbeveryde-structivesideeffectstoo，suchasbullying,racism,impersonationofanindividualorindividualswhobelievetheyareunidentifiable.84.Whenthiskindofdamagingactivityiscarriedoutonline，howcantheoffendereverbeheldaccountablefortheiractionswhentheyarealmostentirelyuntraceableinavirtualworld?

85.Alotofthetimetheysimplycannotbeidentifiedandthereforecannotbeheldaccountable，theoffendingindividualhidesbehindapseudonym，maskinghisorhertrueidentityandprotectingthemselvesfromtherepercussionsoftheiractions.Thisallsoundsverycomplicatedtoachieve，butinrealityit’sassimpleassettingupanemailaddress，creatinganonlineprofileunderafalsenameandcarryingoutmaliciousactsfromarandom,nondescriptlocation.

【答案】1.互联网从创立以来已有40多年的历史，但它现在仍然是一个相当不受约束的地方。

在互联网上，任何人都可以按他们意愿选择任何方式来展示自己。但是当你的电子身份和现实生活中的身份开始合二为一时，会发生什么事情呢？

2.网络匿名的好处是：它可以使那些可能通常被限制与外界沟通的人畅所欲言，并且不用担心他们的这些行为造成的影响。

3.在网络上匿名还可以让人们讨论一些敏感话题，比如医疗条件、身体虐待、性取向等话题。这些行为并不会对他们的日常生活产生消极的或潜在的不利影响。

4.当网络上出现这种破坏性行为时，违法者在现实世界中几乎完全无迹可寻，在这种情况下，他们该如何对自己的行为负责呢？

5.大多数时候，他们因为身份无法确定而不能被问责。这些违法的个体隐藏在假名后面，以遮掩他或她的真实身份，同时保护他们不受自身行为的影响。

11.单选题

ThemodernworldonlyrecentlyreachedtheYanomano,anativepeopleoftheAmazonbasin.Shelteredbythickrainforest,theYanomanolivedaself-containedexistenceuntilgoldwasdiscoveredintheirjunglehomeland.Minersflockedintotheforests,cuttingdowntreesandbringingdiseaseandshotthoseYanomanowhowouldnotgetoutoftheway.Injustsevenyearsfromtheearly1980s,thepopulationfell20percent.

HandsAroundtheWorld,anativeAmericanculturalassociation,saystheYanomanoarebelievedtobethemostculturallyintactpeopleintheworld.Theywearloincloths,usefiresticksanddecoratetheirbodieswithdyefromaredberry.Theydon’tusethewheelandtheonlymetaltheyuseiswhathasbeentradedtothembyoutsiders.WhenaYanomanodies,thebodyisburnedandtheremainingbonescrushedintoapowderandturnedintoadrinkthatislaterconsumedbymournersinmemoryofthedead.

AHandsAroundtheWorldreportsaysthatinSouthAmericanotonlyaretheculturesandtraditionsindangerofdisappearing,butsometribesareindangerofextinction.“TheYanomanoisawell-knowntribethatisrapidlylosingitsmembersthroughthedestructionofWesterndisease,”thereportsays.Beforeillegalgoldminersenteredtheirrainforest,theYanomanowereisolatedfrommodernsociety.

TheyoccupydensejunglenorthoftheAmazonRiverbetweenVenezuelaandBrazilandarecataloguedbyanthropologists(人类学家)asneo-Indianswithculturalcharacteristicsthatdatebackmorethan8,000years.Eachcommunitylivesinacircularcommunalhouse,someofwhichsleepupto400,builtaroundacentralsquare.

ThoughmanyYanomanomenaremonogamous,itisnotunusualforthemtohavetwoormorewives.AnthropologistsfromtheUniversityofWisconsinsaypolygamyisawaytoincreaseone’swealthbecausehavingalargefamilyincreaseshelpwithhuntingandcultivatingtheland.Thesemarriagesresultinashortageofwomenforothermentomarry,whichhasledtointer-tribalwars.

EachYanomanomanisresponsibleforclearinghislandforgardening,usingslash-and-humfarmingmethods.Theygrowplantains,atypeofbananaeatencooked,andhuntgameanimals,fishandanaconda(南美热带蟒蛇)usingbowsandarrows.

1.MinersflockedintotheforestandshotthoseYanomanowho（）.

2.TheorganizationcalledHandsAroundtheWorldbelievesthatculturally,theYanomanoistheworld’s（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtoanAmericanculturalassociationreport?

4.（）causedtheYanomanotohaveinter-tribalwars.

5.WecaninferfromthepassagethatitisimperativeforustoprotecttheYanomanobecause（）.

问题1选项

A.shelteredinthickrainforest

B.wouldnotleavetheirjunglehomeland

C.livedaself-containedexistence

D.wouldstandintheirway

问题2选项

A.mostprimitivepeople

B.mostbackwardpeople

C.mostadvancedpeople

D.oldestpeople

问题3选项

A.InSouthAmerica,theculturesareonthevergeofextinction.

B.InSouthAmerica,thetraditionsareonthevergeofextinction.

C.InSouthAmerica,theYanomanocansurviveextinction.

D.InSouthAmerica,sometribesareonthevergeofextinction.

问题4选项

A.Theshortageofwomenresultingfrompolygamy

B.Thedifferenceinwealthresultingfrompolygamy

C.Theshortageofwomenresultingfrommonogamy

D.Thedifferenceinwealthresultingfrommonogamy

问题5选项

A.itisaculturallymostintactpeople

B.itisaprimitivepeopledeepinjungle

C.itisanativepeopleoftheAmazonbasin

D.itisprimitivepeopleindangerofdisappearing

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“Miners”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Minersflockedintotheforests,cuttingdowntreesandbringingdiseaseandshotthoseYanomanowhowouldnotgetoutoftheway.（矿工们涌进森林，砍伐树木，带来疾病，射杀那些不愿让路的雅诺玛诺人。），说明矿工射杀的是那些不愿意让出道路的雅诺玛诺人。因此D选项“会挡住他们的路”正确。A选项“躲在茂密的雨林中”，B选项“不会离开自己的丛林家园”，C选项“过着自给自足的生活”均不是矿工射杀他们的理由，所以A，B，C错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干关键词“HandsAroundtheWorld”可以定位到文章第二段第一句HandsAroundtheWorld,anativeAmericanculturalassociation,saystheYanomanoarebelievedtobethemostculturallyintactpeopleintheworld.（美国土著文化协会HandsAroundtheWorld表示，雅诺玛诺人被认为是世界上文化最完整的民族。），说明雅诺玛诺人有史以来的原始文化都保存得很完整。因此A选项“最原始的民族”正确。B选项“最落后的民族”，C选项“最先进的民族”，D选项“最古老的民族”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“report”可以定位到文章第三段，第三段第一句说到inSouthAmericanotonlyaretheculturesandtraditionsindangerofdisappearing,butsometribesareindangerofextinction.（在南美洲，不仅文化和传统面临消失的危险，一些部落也面临灭绝的危险。），说明南美洲的文化、传统和一些部落正处于消失的边缘，所以A选项“在南美洲，文化正处于消亡的边缘”，B选项“在南美洲，传统正处于消亡的边缘”，D选项“在南美洲，有些部落濒临灭绝”表述符合原文，排除A，B，D。第三段第二句说到TheYanomanoisawell-knowntribethatisrapidlylosingitsmembersthroughthedestructionofWesterndisease（雅诺玛诺人是一个著名的部落，由于西方疾病的破坏，这个部落的成员正在迅速流失。），说明雅诺玛诺人很难存活下来。因此C选项“在南美洲，雅诺玛诺人可以在消亡中幸存下来”表述不符合原文，本题选C。

4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“inter-tribalwars”可以定位到文章第五段ThoughmanyYanomanomenaremonogamous,itisnotunusualforthemtohavetwoormorewives…Thesemarriagesresultinashortageofwomenforothermentomarry,whichhasledtointer-tribalwars.（虽然许多雅诺玛诺人是一夫一妻制的，但他们有两个或更多的妻子并不罕见……这些婚姻导致了可供其他男人结婚的女性的短缺，从而导致了部落间的战争。），说明雅诺玛诺人是一夫一妻制的，引发战争的原因是这种婚姻导致的女性短缺。因此C选项“一夫一妻制造成的女性短缺问题”正确。A选项“一夫多妻制造成的女性短缺问题”，B选项“一夫多妻制导致的财富差异问题”，D选项“一夫一妻制导致的财富差异问题”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

5.推理判断题。由全文可以得知，雅诺玛诺人是一个濒临灭绝的民族，所以需要保护。因此D选项“是濒临消失的原始民族”正确。A选项“是一个文化上最完整的民族”，B选项“是丛林深处的原始民族”，C选项“是亚马孙流域的土著民族”虽然表述正确，但不是雅诺玛诺人需要保护的理由，所以A，B，C错误。

12.单选题

Somebiologistsarguethateachspecificallyhumantraitmusthavearisengraduallyanderratical-ly,andthatitisthereforedifficulttoisolatedefinite（）intheevolutionofspecies.

问题1选项

A.fluctuations

B.manifestations

C.predispositions

D.milestones

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。句意：一些生物学家认为每种特定的人类特征都是逐渐地、不规则地形成的，因此很难隔离出物种进化过程中明确的（）。

fluctuations变动，起伏现象；manifestations显示，证明；predispositions倾向，素质；milestones里程碑。前半句“每种人类特征都是逐渐地产生的”，可知难以将其发展过程分离开，空格以及空格前的“definite”一起应该表示明确的标志，选项D“里程碑”符合句意。

13.单选题

Thisissuchaformidablelistthatwemightbetemptedtoassumethatresearchandhighereducationmustatleastbespeciesofthesamegenusofactivity,evenifnotactually（

）.

问题1选项

A.ideological

B.identical

C.practical

D.methodical

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词辨析。ideological“意识形态的”；identical“相同的”；practical“实际的”；methodical“有条不紊的”。句意：这一清单令人心生敬畏，以至于有可能让我们觉得研究和高等教育必须至少属于同一类型的活动，即使他们并非真的完全相同。选项B符合句意。

14.单选题

"Theprojectgoalisforstudentstobuildcomplexandinterestingsentencesand（）,wholeparagraphs."Theteacherexplains.

问题1选项

A.foremost

B.ultimately

C.readily

D.intimately

【答案】B

【解析】副词辨析题。foremost首要的，最先的；ultimately最终，根本；readily容易地，乐意地；intimately熟悉地，亲密地。句意：“该项目的目标是让学生构建复杂有趣的句子，最终形成完整的段落。”老师解释道。选项B符合句意。

15.单选题

FoodanddrinkplayamajorroleinChristmascelebrationsinmostcountries,butinfewmoresothaninMexico.Manyfamiliesoverthefestiveseasonwilldolittlemorethancookandingestaseeminglyconstantcycleoftortillas,friedbeans,meatbothroastedandstewed,andstickydessertsfordaysonend.Thusdoestheextendedfamilykeeponextending—furtherandfurtherovertheircollectivewaistlines.

Luckythem,youmightthink.ExceptthatMexico’sbadeatinghabitsareleadingtoahealthcrisisthatmostMexicansseemblissfullyunawareof.Obesityanditsrelateddisorder,diabetes,arenowmajorhealthconcernsinacountrywherelargeruralregionsarestillconcernedmorewithunder-nourishmentthanwithover-nourishment.InitsperennialrivalrywiththeUnitedStates,Mexicohasatlastfoundanareainwhichitcanmatchitsnorthernneighbor—mouthfulformouthful.

Thestatisticsareimpressive,andalarming.AccordingtotheOECD,Mexicoisnowthesecondfattestnationinthatgroupof30countries.Ahealthpollin1999foundthat35%ofwomenwereov