考研考博-英语-广东茂名幼儿师范专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东茂名幼儿师范专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

strophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkindofstar,theflat,“two-dimensional”configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.Accretiondisksexistinavarietyofsituationswheremattersswirlaroundacompactstarsuchasawhitedwarfstaroraneutronstar.Accretiondisksarealsosuspectedofplayingapartinmoreexoticsituations,inwhichthecentralobjectisimaginedtobeasupermassiveblackhole,theultimateformofcollapsedmatter,ratherthanacompactstar.Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.Similarly,thebasicphysicsofthepowerbywhichaccretiondisksradiate,thoughttooriginateinaformofturbulentfriction,isknownonlyatthecrudestlevel.

AccretiondiskswerefirstdefinedinthecontextofCataclysmicvariables.Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.Theviscosityinthediskthusformedcausesheating,radiation,andaslowspiralingofdiskmatterontothesurfaceofthewhitedwarf.

Therapidadvancesmadeinx-rayastronomyinthepastdecadehaveidentifiedasecondtypeofsysteminwhichaccretiondisksoccur.Insuchasystem,anaccretiondiskwhirlsaboutaneutronstarratherthanawhitedwarf.Theinnerreachesoftheaccretiondiskextenddeeplyintothegravitationalpotentialoftheneutronstarwhereveryrapidmotionistherule.Theenergyreleasedbyfrictionandtheactualrainingofthematerialfromthediskontothesurfaceoftheneutronstarissogreatthatradiationisgivenoffinapowerfulfloodofx-rays.Andinatleastonecase,x-rayastronomersbelievethattheobjectinthecenterofanaccretiondiskisablackhole,suggestingthatathirdsystemmayexist.

Ithadbeenassumedthatportionsofaccretiondiskswouldbeunstableandthat,asaresult,clumpingoftheirmatterintoringswouldoccur.Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.

Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.Abramowicz'workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpredictionsoftheinstabilityofaccretiondiskswerebasedonwhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAbramowicz’workcanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcurrentscientificknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesofordinarystars?

5.ThepassagesuggeststhatAbramowicz’workwasmotivatedbywhichofthefollowingassumptions?

6.Thepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingabouttheprogressofknowledgeinastrophysics?

7.Thepassagesuggeststhat,comparedtothestudyofordinarystars,thestudyofaccretiondisksis（

）.

8.Accordingtothepassage,someaccretiondisksoriginatedin（

）.

9.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesignificanceofAbramowicz’workisthatit（

）.

问题1选项

A.comparingAbramowicz’worktotheworkofearlierastrophysicists

B.providinginformationaboutaccretiondisksanddiscussingsignificantnewwork

C.definingtheconditionsunderwhichaccretiondiskscanbeobserved

D.exploringthequestionofwhetherablackholecaneverbethecentralobjectofanaccretiondisk

E.describingthephenomenonofaccretiondisksandreviewingseveralconflictingtheoriesoftheirorigins

问题2选项

A.AcalculationoftheprobableeffectsofstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationships

B.AcalculationoftheprobablerelationshipbetweengeneralrelativityandstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationships

C.Acalculationoftheenergyreleasedbyfrictionwithinacompactstar

D.Observationofthex-raysradiatedbycompactstars

E.Observationoftheclumpingofaccretiondiskmatterintoringsaroundcompactstars

问题3选项

A.uncertainapproval

B.unqualifiedrespect

C.mildinterest

D.carefuldismissal

E.hostileskepticism

问题4选项

A.Itspatternofdevelopmenthasbeenanalogoustothatofdevelopmentsinx-rayastronomy.

B.Itsroleintheexplanationofturbulentfrictionhasbeensignificant.

C.Ithascontributedtoamoreaccuratemodelingofordinarystars.

D.Itlagsbehindknowledgeofscalinglaws.

E.Itexplainsthebehaviorofaccretiondisksaswellasthatofordinarystars.

问题5选项

A.Thequantityofenergyreleasedbyaccretiondiskscanbeaslargeasitisonlyifthedisksarestable.

B.Improvedtechniquesinx-rayastronomywouldrevealanyinstabilitiesoccurringinaccretiondisks.

C.Thelackofobservationalevidenceofinstabilitiesinaccretiondiskssuggeststhatpredictionsoftheiroccurrencemightbewrong.

D.Knownmethodsofobservingaccretiondisksurroundingcompactstarsandblackholesdonotpermittheobservationofthematterinaccretiondisks.

E.Thegravitationalpotentialofcompactstarsdoesnotvaryfromstartostar.

问题6选项

A.Adherencetooutdatedtheorieshas,inthepast,limitedtheactivitiesofastrophysicistsandrestrictedprogress.

B.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredonlyasaresultofsignificantbreakthroughsinbasicphysicsandchemistry.

C.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredasaresultofaprocessofdefiningandsolvingrestrictedproblems.

D.Giventherecentacquisitionofknowledgeaboutthenuclearprocessesofstars,furtherprogressislikelytobelimitedtotherefinementofwhatisalreadyknown.

E.Conclusionsinastrophysicshave,inthepast,beenseriouslyflawed,thuslimitingprogress,althoughtherehaverecentlybeensignsofchange.

问题7选项

A.derivative

B.moresophisticated

C.lessclearlyfocused

D.atanearlierstageofdevelopment

E.moredependentontechnologicaladvances

问题8选项

A.anincreaseinheatandradiationaroundanordinarystar

B.apowerfulfloodofx-raysemittedbyaneutronstar

C.acollisionbetweentwostars

D.theturbulentfrictiononthesurfaceofacompactstar

E.theaccumulationofmatterremovedfromanordinarystar

问题9选项

A.providesameansofmeasuringthegravitationalpotentialofneutronstars

B.opensanewareaforexplorationinthefieldofx-rayastronomy

C.provesthatscalinglawscannotbeappliedtoaccretiondisks

D.proposesanewsystemofclassificationofstars

E.suggestsaresolutionofadiscrepancybetweenatheoreticalpredictionandactualobservation

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:E

第9题:E

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文，原文多次出现关键词“accretiondisks”“newinsights”,从而即可了解作者的写作主旨，得出本题答案。

2.细节推断题。根据题干关键词“instability”将信息点定位到原文第四段第二、三句。“Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.”从而得出本题答案。

3.

观点态度题。根据题干关键词“Abramowicz’work”，可将信息点定位到原文最后一段最后一句。“Abramowicz’workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.（阿布拉莫维奇的工作是一个很有价值的例子，说明在得出关于吸积盘的结论之前必须小心谨慎。）”作者对其研究是绝对的尊重。从而得出本题答案。

4.

细节推断题。根据题干关键词“thenuclearprocessesofordinarystars”,将信息点定位到原文最后一段第一句。“Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.”从而得出本题答案。

5.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词“Abramowicz’work”，将信息点定位为原文第四段第三句“Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.（在最近的工作中，Abramowicz已经表明，由广义相对论引起的附加引力效应可能会改变预期的牛顿引力关系，使圆盘保持稳定，这表明这些预测的不稳定性可能不会发生。）”，从而得出本题答案。

6.

事实细节题。信息点定位为原文最后一段第一句。根据“involvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscase（就像在本例中所做的那样，涉及到对受限问题的定义和提出解决方案）”即可得出本题答案。

7.

事实细节题。根据题干将信息点定位到原文第一段第四句。根据“Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.（吸积盘的建模仍处于初级阶段，类似于普通恒星使用基本尺度定律建模的日子，而不需要了解恒星的核反应过程。）”即可得出本题答案。

8.

细节事实题。根据题干信息将本题信息点定位到原文第二段第二句。“Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.（在这些系统中，来自普通恒星外层的物质受到附近环绕白矮星的引力影响而被吸引，普通恒星失去的物质不能直接撞击微小白矮星的表面，而是进入围绕恒星的轨道。）”从而得出本题答案。

9.

细节推断题。根据题干信息可将本题信息点定位为原文最后一段。根据段落信息合理推断后即可得出本题答案。

2.单选题

AccordingtothegeologicaltheoryputforwardbyafamousgeologistatanacademicconferencenewlyheldinEngland,thesouthofIcelandis（）toearthquakes.

问题1选项

A.disposed

B.likely

C.liable

D.inclined

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:disposed“有……倾向的；打算做……的”；B:likely“很可能的”；C:liable“易遭受的”；D:inclined“趋向于……的”。句意：根据一位著名的地理学家在最近英国举行的学术会议上提出的地理理论，爱尔兰的南方有地震的可能性。结合句意，C为正确答案。

3.单选题

Whathehadinmind（）tonothinglessthanatotalreversalofthetraditionalroleoftheexecutive.

问题1选项

A.contributed

B.dedicated

C.amounted

D.added

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项contribute“贡献；投稿；捐献”；B选项dedicate“致力；献身”；C选项amount“总计；相当于”；D选项add“增加，添加”。句意：他脑子里想的东西完全颠覆了传统意义上的角色执行官。此题应注意题干中的“nothinglessthan完全是”，可推知“相当于”符合语境，因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Inthegloriouslyhotsummerofnineteenfourteen,themurderofAustria-HungarianArchduke(奥匈帝国大公)inanobscurepartoftheBalkansprovidedthesparkwhichsetEuropeablaze.

问题1选项

A.indistinct

B.unfriendly

C.imprecise

D.unknown

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.indistinct模糊不清的B.unfriendly不友好的，冷漠的

C.imprecise不确切的，不精确的D.unknown不出名的，无名的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】obscure的意思为“无名的，鲜为人知的”，用来修饰partoftheBalkans，指的是这个地方没有名字，非常偏僻，unknown与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】1914年炎炎夏日，在巴尔干半岛的一个偏僻地区，奥匈帝国大公被谋杀，为欧洲爆炸点燃了火花。

5.翻译题

InGermany,incontrastwithFrance,friendshipismuchmoreclearlyamatteroffeeling,Adolescents,boysandgirls,fromdeeplysentimentalattachments,walkandtalktogether-notsomuchtopolishtheirwitsastosharetheirhopesandfearsanddreamstoformacommonfrontagainsttheworldofschoolandfamilyandtojoininakindofmutualdiscoveryofeachother'sandtheirowninnerlife.Withinthefamily,theclosestrelationshipoveralifetimeisbetweenbrothersandsisters.Outsidethefamily,menandwomenfindintheirclosestfriendsofthesamesexthedevotionofasister,theloyaltyofabrother.Appropriately,inGermanyfriendsusuallyarebroughtintothefamily.Childrencalltheirfather'sandtheirmother'sfriends“uncle”and“aunt”.BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforthesimilarityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife.ButforGermans,whosefriendshipsarebasedoncommonfeelings,deepdisagreementonanysubjectthatmatterstobothisregardedasatragedy.Liketiesofkinship,tiesoffriendshiparemeanttobeabsolutelybinding.YoungGermanswhocometotheUnitedStateshavegreatdifficultyinestablishingsuchfriendshipwithAmericans.Weviewfriendshipmoretentatively,subjecttochangesinintensityaspeoplemove,changetheirjobs,marry,ordiscovernewinterests.

【答案】与法国不同,在德国,友谊更注重感觉。青少年,男孩和女骇之间,他们有着很深的情感依赖,总是很亲密地走在一起,与其说是为了彰显各自的聪明才智,不如说是为了分享他们的希望、恐惧和梦想,以此来形成一条对抗学校和家庭生活的统一阵线；来取得来自他们各自和自己内心世界的一些姑且叫共识的东西。在家庭里,长至一生且最密切的是兄弟姐妹之间的关系；在家庭外,人们在同性间最亲密的朋友身上发现如姐妹般的奉献,如兄弟般的忠诚。在德国,朋友经常被带进家庭,孩子们叫他们父母的朋友“叔叔”和“阿姨”。在法国,人们会挑选有着相同见解和观念的人作为朋友,朋友之间会为了生活的空间和态度的分歧激烈的争执。但对于友谊建立在双方共同的感觉的德国人来说,如果在双方都认为重要的问题上产生了尖锐的分歧,那就是极大的不幸。就像亲属关系一样,友谊的纽带是绝对有约束力的。来到美国的年轻德国人很难与美国人建立这样的友谊。我们对友谊的看法更具试探性,随着人们搬家、换工作、结婚或发现新的兴趣爱好,友谊的强度会发生变化。

6.单选题

UKandChinahassomethingsimilarintheircompulsoryeducationsystem.Firstly,bothinUKandChina,“mostchildrenreceivefreeeducationalfinancefrompublicfunds,butsmallportionsattendschoolswhollyindependentofpublicfinancialsupport.’’Secondly,bothofthetwocountrieshavelawstoensurecompulsoryeducation.Thirdly,thetwocountrieshavethesamecurriculums.Forexample,accordingtoZhuYongtaoandWangLili,foreignlanguagesaretaughtasanintegralpartofthecurriculum,reflectingtheimportanceofBritish’srelationshipwithEuropeandChina’srelationshipwithEnglishspeakingcountries.Fourthly,studentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.Fifthly,therearesomeimportantexamsforstudentsincompulsoryeducationsystemsinChinaandUK.InUK,therearetwomainexaminations.TheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)isusuallytakenby16-year-oldchildren.TheGeneralCertificateofEducationatAdvancedLevel(GCEAlevel),isnormallytakenattheendofthesecondyearby19-year-oldstudents.InChina,exceptforanexamforthesixthgradegraduatesinprimaryschool,thereisahighschoolentranceexaminationforJunior3students.

TherearelotsofdifferencesbetweenChinaandUKincompulsoryeducation.Itcanbedividedintofiveparts.

Firstly,theaimofeducationintheUKandChinaisnotquitesimilarwitheachother.AccordingtoSuiMingcai,Britisheducationaimsto“developindividualabilitiestothefullandtoshapethoseabilitiesforthebenefitofsocietyasawhole”.AndinChina,“it’stoleteveryoneaccepteducation,haveknowledgeandskillstomakelife.”

Secondly,theyearofcompulsoryeducationisdifferentbetweenthetwocountries.InUK,theagetobeginschoolis5(4inNorthernIreland),andthecompulsoryeducationendsat16,whereasinChinathecompulsoryeducationstartsfrom6andendsat14,whichisanine-yearcompulsoryeducation.

Thirdly,thescheduleofcompulsoryeducationinthetwocountriesisdifferent.AccordingtoWikipediaandSuiMingcai,Britishcompulsoryeducationcanbedividedintotwostages:primaryschoolsandsecondaryschools.Thestateschoolingwasfreeandcompulsoryuptothelegalschool-leavingage.WhileinChina,compulsoryeducationconsistsofprimaryschoolsandmiddleschools.

TheschoolyearinUKisdividedintothreeterms(autumn,springandsummer),whiletwoparts(spring,autumn)inChina.Britishschooldayinmoststatesandindependentschools(exceptforinfantandjuniorschool)usuallystartsat8:45a.m.andendsat3:30p.m.InChina,everyschooldayismadeupoftwoperiodswhichare7:30a.m.to12:00a.m.,2:30p.m.to5:30p.m.Studentscangohomeforlunch.ItshowsthatChinesestudentsusuallyspendmoretimeatschool.

Inaddition,inBritain,aschool-agechildcanreceivecompulsoryeducationathomeoratatutor’splaceorsomeotherforms,whileinChina,compulsoryeducationmeansschooleducation.

1.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith（）.

2.InwhatwaydoesUKeducateitspeople?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.acomparisonstudyonfreeeducationsystembetweenChinaandUK

B.acomparisonstudyoncompulsoryeducationsystembetweenChinaandUK

C.acomparisonstudyonfinancialsystembetweenChinaandUK

D.acomparisonstudyonculturebetweenChinaandUK

问题2选项

A.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheabilitiestoservethecountrywholly.

B.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheindividualabilitiesfully.

C.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheabilitiesonlyforthebenefitofthesociety.

D.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheindividualabilitiesaswellastheabilitiesforthebenefitofthesociety.

问题3选项

A.ChildreninNorthernIrelandstartthecompulsoryeducationatanearlierage.

B.StudentsinUKspend16yearsforthecompulsoryeducation.

C.ThelengthoftheyearsforthecompulsoryeducationinChinais14years.

D.ThelengthoftheyearsforthecompulsoryeducationbothinUKandChinaisthesame.

问题4选项

A.TermsoftheschoolyearinUKdonotincludewinter.

B.StudentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.

C.StudentsinUKtaketwomainexaminationsnormallywhentheyare15and19yearsoldinthecompulsoryeducation.

D.StudentsinChinaspendmoretimeinschoolscomparedwithstudentsinUK.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了中国和英国教育的异同之处。因此B选项“关于中国和英国的义务教育体系的对比研究”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段中“AccordingtoSuiMingcai,Britisheducationaimsto‘developindividualabilitiestothefullandtoshapethoseabilitiesforthebenefitofsocietyasawhole’”，中文翻译为：按照SuiMingcai的说法，整体来看，英国教育的目标是充分发展个人能力和塑造这些能力以造福社会。可以得知D选项“英国旨在培养人民的个人能力以及造福社会的能力”符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由选项中关键词定位到文章“InUK,theagetobeginschoolis5(4inNorthernIreland),andthecompulsoryeducationendsat16,whereasinChinathecompulsoryeducationstartsfrom6andendsat14,whichisanine-yearcompulsoryeducation.”，中文翻译为：在英国，5岁开始上学（在北爱尔兰是4岁），16岁义务教育结束；而在中国义务教育开始于6结束于14岁，实行的是九年制义务教育。可以得知A选项“北爱尔兰的孩子在更早的年龄开始义务教育”符合题意。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到文章中“TheschoolyearinUKisdividedintothreeterms(autumn,springandsummer),whiletwoparts(spring,autumn)inChina.”，中文翻译为：英国的学年分为三期（秋、春、夏）；而中国是两个学期（春和秋），可知A选项“英国的学年不包括冬天”正确；由B选项可以定位到文章中“Fourthly,studentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.”，中文翻译为：第四，中国和英国的学生都要6年完成初等教育。可知B选项“中国和英国的学生都花6年时间完成基础教育”正确；由C选项可以定位到文章中“InUK,therearetwomainexaminations.TheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)isusuallytakenby16-year-oldchildren.TheGeneralCertificateofEducationatAdvancedLevel(GCEAlevel),isnormallytakenattheendofthesecondyearby19-year-oldstudents.”，中文翻译为：英国有两次重要的考试。普通中等教育证（GCSE）考试通常是16岁的孩子参加。普通高级教育证书（GCEA）考试通常是在第二年年底由19岁的学生参加。可知C选项“英国的学生在义务教育阶段，一般是在15岁和19岁的时候参加两次主要的考试”错误；根据原文“Inaddition,inBritain,aschool-agechildcanreceivecompulsoryeducationathomeoratatutor’splaceorsomeotherforms,whileinChina,compulsoryeducationmeansschooleducation.”，中文翻译为：此外，在英国，学龄儿童可以在家里或导师那里或以其他形式接受义务教育，而在中国，义务教育意味着学校教育。可以得知D选项“与英国学生相比，中国学生在学校的时间更长”是正确的。故C选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Companiesspendmillionsofdollarsonadsandcommercials,tryingto（）theAmericanpublicintopurchasingtheirproducts.

问题1选项

A.misplace

B.mock

C.maneuver

D.manifest

【答案】C

【解析】misplace放错地方；mock嘲笑；maneuver调动,调遣；manifest证明,显示。句意：公司花费数百万美元在广告和商业上,试图调动美国民众购买他们的产品。选项C符合句意。

8.单选题

AluxuryexpresstrainjumpedthetracksonabridgeineasternIndia,killingatleast50onthespot.AccordingtotheNorthenRailwayspokesman,thedeath（）isexpectedtorise.

问题1选项

A.figure

B.toll

C.span

D.yield

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。figure“数字；人物”；toll“通行费；代价；伤亡人数”；span“跨度；范围”；yield“产量；收益”，此处deathtoll是表示“伤亡人数”的惯用说法。句意：一列运输奢侈品的火车脱轨掉在了印度东部的一座桥梁上，当地至少50人因为这次事件死亡。据北方铁路发言人说，死亡人数预计将上升。故正确答案为选项B。

9.单选题

Cancerisfearedbyeveryone.Andthisfearisreachingepidemiclevel.Notthediseaseitself—thereisnosuchthingasacancerepidemic.Exceptforlungcancer,mostlycausedbycigarettesmoking,theincidenceratesarelevelingoff,andinthecaseofsomekindsofcanceraredecreasing.Butthefearofcanceriscatching,andthecountrystandsatriskofananxiety.Theearthitselfiscomingtoseemlikeahugecarcinogen(致癌物).Theordinary,moreorlessscientificstatementthatsomethingbetween80and90percentofallcancersareduetothingsintheenvironmentistakentomeanthatnoneofuswillbesafeuntilthewholeenvironmentis“cleanedup.”Thisisnotatallthemeaning.The80-percentcalculationisbasedontheunthinkabledifferencesintheincidenceofcancerinvarioussocietiesaroundtheworld—forexample,thehighproportionoflivercancerinAfricaandtheFarEast,stomachcancerinJapan,breastcancerinWesternEuropeandNorthAmerica,andtherelativelylowfiguresforbreastcancerinJapanandpartsofAfricaandforlivercancerinAmerica.Thesedataindicatetheremaybespecialandspecificenvironmentalinfluences,largelybasedonpersonallife-style,thatdeterminetheincidenceofvariousformsofcancerindifferentcommunities—butthatisallthedatasuggest.Theoverallincidenceofcancer,countingupallthecases,isprobableroughlythesameeverywhere.

1.Whichofthefollowingisclosesttomeaningtothephrase“levelingoff’？

2.Accordingtothepassage,theincidenceofcancerisgenerallybelieve_____.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthewriter’sopinionabouttherelationshipbetweencancerandenvironmentis_____.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thewriterseemstofeelthat_____.

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestTITLEforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Becameverypopular

B.Reacheditslowestlevelinpopularity

C.Stoppedbeingpopular

D.Stoppedincreasingitspopularity

问题2选项

A.tobebasedoninactivelifestyle

B.tobeduetoanxiety

C.toresultfromenvironmentalinfluences

D.tobecausedbyheavysmoking

问题3选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.neutral

D.approving

问题4选项

A.cancerriskisontherise

B.thewholeearthresemblesahugecarcinogen

C.theriskofcatchingcancerisnotsogreatasmostpeopleconceive

D.cancercanbecuredsoonerorlater

问题5选项

A.CancerandEnvironment

B.TheFearCausedbyCancers

C.DataonCancerIncidence

D.CanceranditsInvestigation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.词汇推断题。第一步，句中前后信息衔接，定位到文章第三四句话Exceptforlungcancer,mostlycausedbycigarettesmoking,theincidenceratesarelevelingoff,andinthecaseofsomekindsofcanceraredecreasing.Butthefearofcanceriscatching,andthecountrystandsatriskofananxiety.“除主要由吸烟引起的肺癌外，其他癌症的发病率（），某些癌症的发病率正在下降。但是对癌症的恐惧正在蔓延，这个国家面临着焦虑的风险”，第二步，上下文语义衔接exceptfor这里是一个状语，and连接两个句子，这两个句子之间存在并列或者递进关系，后面的句子是一些癌症正在减少，所以levelingoff应该是减少或者持平、平稳的意思，从后面那句的连词but也可知，前面的句意也是but后面的意思相反，也就是癌症虽然发病率减少但是对癌症的恐惧却正在增加，由此可知答案选D选项“不再增长”；

A选项“变得受欢迎”不符题意，属于无中生有；

B选项“达到最低水平”，不符题意，属于无中生有；

C选项“不再受欢迎”，不符题意，属于无中生有。

2.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第六句Theordinary,moreorlessscientificstatementthatsomethingbetween80and90percentofallcancersareduetothingsintheenvironmentistakentomeanthatnoneofuswillbesafeuntilthewholeenvironmentis“cleanedup”.“一般来说，80%到90%的癌症都是由环境因素造成的，这种说法多少有些科学依据，但它意味着，在整个环境得到‘清理’之前，我们谁也不会安全”。第二步，综合理解，从这里可知答案选C选项“受环境的影响”；

A选项“以消极的生活方式为基础”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

B选项“由于焦虑”定位到第四句，Butthefearofcanceriscatching,andthecountrystandsatriskofananxiety“但是对癌症的恐惧正在蔓延，这个国家面临着焦虑的风险”，这里讲的是国家处于焦虑的风险，而不是人因为焦虑增加患癌的风险，这里属于出处错误；

D选项“因为酗烟”定位到第三句Exceptforlungcancer,mostlycausedbycigarettesmoking,“除了肺癌，肺癌主要是由吸烟引起的”，这里单指吸烟增加患肺癌的风险但是题干是指的是患癌症，肺癌只是癌症的一种，这里属于以偏概全。

3.观点态度题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章倒数一二句thesedataindicatetheremaybespecialandspecificenvironmentalinfluences,largelybasedonpersonallife-style,thatdeterminetheincidenceofvariousformsofcancerindifferentcommunities—butthatisallthedatasuggest.Theoverallincidenceofcancer,countingupallthecases,isprobableroughlythesameeverywhere.“这些数据表明，可能有一些特殊的、具体的环境影响，很大程度上取决于个人的生活方式，决定了不同社区中各种癌症的发病率——但这只是所有数据所表明的。如果把所有病例都计算在内，癌症的总体发病率可能在世界各地都大致相同”。第二步，综合理解，从这里可知作者认为环境对健康的其实是没有影响的，有影响的是人们的生活方式，由此作者的态度是比较客观的，答案选C“中立的”；

A选项“积极的”，见正确选项，不符合题意，属于偷换概念；

B选项“消极的”见正确选项，不符合题意，属于偷换概念；

D选项“赞成的”，见正确选项，不符合题意，属于偷换概念。

4.推理判断题，第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第三四句话，Exceptforlungcancer,mostlycausedbycigarettesmoking,theincidenceratesarelevelingoff,andinthecaseofsomekindsofcanceraredecreasing.Butthefearofcanceriscatching,andthecountrystandsatriskofananxiety“除主要由吸烟引起的肺癌外，其他癌症的发病率趋于平稳，某些癌症的发病率正在下降。但是对癌症的恐惧正在蔓延，这个国家面临着焦虑的风险”。第二步，寻找上下文线索，从这里可以知道其实癌症已经没有那么可怕了但是人们对患癌症的恐惧却越来越强烈，由此推断C选项“患癌症的风险没有大多数人想象的那么大”正确；

A选项“癌症风险正在上升”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰；

B选项“整个地球就像一个巨大的致癌物质”定位到第五句话Theearthitselfiscomingtoseemlikeahugecarcinogen“地球本身看起来就像一种巨大的致癌物”，这里从句意上看B选项是这句话的同义替代，但是resemble一般指外表、形状上的相似，seemlike指的是内在的相似之处，所以B选项不选，这里属于曲意理解；

D选项“癌症迟早会被治愈的”文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

5.主旨大意题，分析文章行文结构，文章从人们对癌症的恐惧谈起，说到人们对癌症越来越恐惧，但作者觉得这是没有必要的，因为癌症的发病率趋于平缓。然后人们觉得地球本身就是致癌物，不同地区的人患不同癌症的风险也是不一样的，但是作者觉得支持这个论点的数据本身就存在着争论，然后作者指出其实不是地球环境而是人们生活方式本身存在问题，而且它只计算了某个特殊的癌症，如果把所有癌症计算在内其实全球地区的患癌率是差不多的，所以文章的具体内容是讲清楚癌症和环境这件的关系，答案选A选项“癌症和环境”；

B选项“癌症造成的恐慌”，这只是文章的引入点，引入人们对癌症的恐惧之后文章并没有继续探讨恐惧带来了什么作用或者恐惧的原因，这里属于以偏概全；

C选项“癌症的数据”，文章指出的数据是不同地区癌症的发病率，这些数据提出来只是为了佐证文中人们的观点，不是文章的主要想表达的意思，这里属于推理过度所以不选；

D选项“癌症和其调查”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选。

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.

It’srainingagain.AsIlieawakeinbed,listeningtothesoundofthoserazor-sharpdropspoundingonthepavement,mymindgoesreelingdowndarkcorridorsteemingwithagonizingflashbacks,andachillfromwithinfillsmewithdread.It’sraining,again.

ItdoesthisyearinSouthernCalifornia;atleastthat’swhattheytoldmelastyearwhenImarveledattherelentlessdeterminationoftherain.Thereseemtobetwoseasonshere.Duringtherainyseason,sometimesthestormsdrenchtheareanonstopfordays.Sometimesthestormscomeandgo.Oftenpropertydamageanddisruptedlivesresult.It’shardtopredicttheintensityofthepatternsfromyeartoyear.Thenthereisthefireseason.Thattakescareofthepropertythatmanagedtosurvivethedeluge,againdisruptinglives.Thedaysconnectingtheseseasonsaremonotonous,withsomesun,somesmogandsomemoresun.ThisisnothinglikebackhomeinColorado.

【答案】又下雨了。我醒着躺在床上，听着那些犀利的的雨点掉落在人行道上的声音。我的思绪陷入了黑暗的走廊，充满了痛苦的回忆，内心的寒意让我充满恐惧。又在下雨了

加利福尼亚南部，今年也如此。当我对雨无情地下个不停感到惊奇时，至少，去年他们是这样告诉我的。这里似乎只有两个季节。在雨季，有时暴风雨连续几天不停地浸透这个地区。有时暴风雨来去不定。往往造成财产损失和生活混乱，每年都很难预