考研考博-英语-广东机电职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东机电职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

George（

）anagonizing48-hourwaitfortheresultsofthetests.

问题1选项

A.underwent

B.withstood

C.baked

D.grilled

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。underwent经验，遭遇；withstood抵挡，经得起；baked烘烤；grilled炙烤。

句意：George遭受了48小时的煎熬只为等待测试结果。选项A符合语境。

2.单选题

AnemergencyrightsissuebyHBOSwasaflop:only8.3%oftheBritishbank’ssharesweretakenupbyinvestors.

问题1选项

A.misfeasance

B.washout

C.flame

D.optima

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项misfeasance“过失；行为失检；不当行为”；B选项washout“冲刷；失败者”；C选项flame“火焰；热情；光辉”；D选项optima“最合适条件；最佳状态”。句意：苏格兰哈里法克斯银行（HBOS）的一次紧急配股发行失败了：投资者只认购了这家英国银行8.3%的股份。flop“彻底失败，不成功；沉重、松散又笨拙的动作”，B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

ThesuccessfullaunchoftheSpecialOlympicGameshasdemonstratedthat___Shanghaiiswellonitswaytobecomeoneofthemostinternalizedmetropolisesworldwide.

问题1选项

A.imperceptibly

B.conceivably

C.deceivably

D.imaginatively

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项imperceptibly“极微地；微细地；察觉不到地”；B选项conceivably“可以想象的是，可以想得到的是；可能的是；可以理解的是”；C选项deceivably没有该单词；D选项imaginatively“想象上地”。句意：特别奥林匹克运动会的成功举办表明，___，上海正在成为世界上最国际化的大都市之一。本句表示“可以想象……”。因此B选项正确。

4.翻译题

NickYoung创立了该刊物，并编辑英文版本，他说，上周多位北京警方和地方统计局的官员告知他该刊物进行了“未经批准的调查”，因此被认为违反了有关收集统计数据的1983年法律。杨先生说，在该刊物发行的十几年中，当局并未提供颁布此法令的明确原因。1.他说该刊物并未进行任何投票或调查，该法令非常含糊，因此可以禁止几乎任何需要与当地民众接触的信息收集。关闭该刊物的决定可能反映了中国对近几年增加的地方和国外资助民间团体的关注持续增加。2.某些民间团体已经降低了中国百姓维护合法权利的门槛，某些中国官员认为这些团体会导致社会的不安定。如果这些团体受政府资助而且不从事公开的政治活动，那么中国中央政府通常能够忍受。一些官员表示那些团体能够极大地帮助监测和抵制虐工等违法的行为。

3.《中国发展简报》无权在中国出版，雇员也未注册为新闻记者，这就意味着该刊物未在更大出版社的允许下已经存在较长时间。但杨先生说，当局已经监视他的事务多年，他相信他们理解向国外扶助机构提供客观信息符合中国利益。

【答案】1.Hesaidthatthenewsletterdidnotconductpollsorsurveysandthattheorderwasvagueenoughtoprohibitalmostanykindofinformationgatheringthatrequiredinteractionwithlocalcitizens.

2.SomecivicgroupshavehelpedpeopleonthelowerrungsofChinesesocietydefendtheirlegalrights,andsomeChineseofficialscontendthatthegroupshavecontributedtoasurgeinsocialunrest.

3.ChinaDevelopmentBriefhadnolicensetopublishinChina,anditsemployeeswerenotregisteredasnewscorrespondents,meaningthenewsletterhadlongoperatedwithoutthepermitsrequiredoflargerpublications.

5.单选题

IhadadoptedtwoEuropeanclubsasmyown,watchedtheirgameseveryweekend,wastedworkhoursreadingblogsaboutthem,emotionallyinvestedmyselfintheirtravails.

问题1选项

A.exertions

B.gritties

C.emulations

D.stretches

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项exertion“发挥；运用；努力”；B选项gritty“坚韧不拔；多沙”；C选项emulation“仿真（效）（技术）；模仿（拟）；竞争；效法”；D选项stretches“一片；一泓；一段；（连续的）一段时间；服刑期”。句意：我接纳了两家欧洲俱乐部，每个周末都观看他们的比赛，把工作时间浪费在阅读有关他们的博客上，全身心地投入到他们的苦战中。travail“艰苦劳动；煎熬，痛苦，艰辛”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Ifyoukeepgettingwrongnumbers,yourphonecouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.deficient

B.deceptive

C.defective

D.ineffective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项deficient“不足的；有缺陷的；不充分的”，尤指数量不足；B选项deceptive“欺诈的；迷惑的；虚伪的”；C选项defective“有缺陷的；不完美的”，尤指质量不佳；D选项ineffective“失效的，不起作用的，无效的”。句意：如果你总是打错电话，你的电话可能是无效的。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

Themaglevwillactuallyracealongaguidewayatalmost500kilometersperhour,（

）onthemagneticfield.

问题1选项

A.accelerating

B.duplicating

C.floating

D.roaring

【答案】C

【解析】考查现在分词。accelerating加速的，催化的；duplicating复制，拷贝；floating漂浮，浮动；roaring吼，叫喊。句意：磁悬浮列车将在磁场中以每小时500公里的速度沿着导轨运行。由磁悬浮列车的特点可知“它是漂浮在磁场中”，故C项符合句意。

8.翻译题

1.Themanwhoselifeiscenteredaroundproducing,sellingandconsumingcommoditiestransformshimselfintoacommodity.Hebecomesincreasinglyattractedtothatwhichisman-madeandmechanical,ratherthantothatwhichisnaturalandorganic.Manymentodayaremoreinterestedinsportscarsthaninwomen;ortheyexperiencewomenasacarwhichonecancausetoracebypushingtherightbutton.2.Altogethertheyexpecthappinessisamatteroffindingtherightbutton,nottheresultofaproductive,richlife,alifewhichrequiresmakinganeffortandtakingrisks.Intheirsearchforthebutton,somegotothepsychoanalyst,somegotochurchandsomeread“self-help”books.Butwhileitisimpossibletofindthebuttonforhappiness,themajorityaresatisfiedwithpushingthebuttonsofcameras,radios,televisionsets,andwatchingsciencefictionbecomingreality.

Oneofthestrangestaspectsoftheirapproachtolifeisthewidespreadlackofconcernaboutthedangeroftotaldestructionbynuclearweapons?Apossibilitypeopleareconsciouslyawareof.3.Theexplanation,Ibelieve,isthattheyaresofrightenedofthepossibilityoftheirpersonalfailureandhumiliationthattheiranxietyaboutpersonalmatterspreventthemfromfeelinganxietyaboutthepossibilitythateverybodyandeverythingmaybedestroyed.Perhapstotaldestructionisevenmoreattractivethantotalinsecurityandnever-endingpersonalanxiety.

AmIsuggestingthatmodernmanisdoomedandthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenthcentury“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.4.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandthefulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】1.以生产、销售、消费商品为中心的男人把自己也转化为一种商品了。他对人造的、机械的东西越来越感兴趣，对天然的、有机的东西却无动于衷。如今，许多男人对跑车的痴迷超过了对女人的痴迷，或者把女人当作只要按对按钮就会奔驰的汽车。

2.总而言之，他们认为幸福是个找对按钮的问题，而不是源自硕果累累、丰富多彩、需要付出努力和承担风险的生活。在寻找按钮的过程中，有些人去找心理分析学家；有些人去做礼拜；还有一些人去读“自助”书籍。不过他们虽然找不到赐予幸福的按钮，但大多数人满足于按收音机、电视机和照相机的按钮，满足于看着科幻小说变成现实。

3.我认为，可以这样解释：他们非常担心会遭遇个人的失败并蒙受羞辱。由于他们对个人问题感到忧虑，这就妨碍他们对所有的人和所有的东西可能会遭到毁灭感到忧虑。也许彻底的毁灭比十分的不安和个人永无休止的忧虑更有吸引力。

4.想通过倒退到人们已经走过的阶段来解决问题是永远行不通的。我建议改造我们的社会制度，将其从一个官僚机构管理下的工业化社会体制转化为一个人本主义的工业化社会体制。在前一种体制中，最高产量和最高消费为主要目的；在后一种体制中，一切社会活动的目的都是为了人，为了使人的各种潜力——爱的潜力和运用理性的潜力——获得充分的发展。

9.单选题

Thesmelloffood（）thehungrychildrenintothehouse.

问题1选项

A.entertained

B.enticed

C.exterminated

D.expelled

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。entertained娱乐，款待；enticed吸引，诱使；exterminated消灭，根除；expelled驱逐，开除。句意：饥饿的孩子们被食物的香味吸引进屋。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Onlyapersonwithapairofkeeneyescouldpickoutthose（）paintingsfromtheseunwantedmaterials.

问题1选项

A.valueless

B.worthless

C.priceless

D.featureless

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。valueless微不足道的;worthless一文不值的;priceless无价的,贵重的;featureless无特色的。句意：只有一双敏锐的眼睛才能从这些多余的材料中找出那些无价的画。选项C符合句意。

11.写作题

Differentfromtheblindoptimismintheachievementsofmodernsciencethroughoutthe20thcentury,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtorealizethedestructiveeffectsofscientificprogressuponhumansociety.Manyevenbelievethatwhateverbenefitssciencebringstohumanity,itwillalsobringaboutthemostinhumanviolencetoanimalsandeveryimaginablesortofhorriblemeddlingwithhumanlife.Nowyouaresupposedtowriteanessayinnofewerthan300wordstoshowwhetheryouagreewithsuchabelief.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organizationgrammarandappropriateness.

【答案】【参考范文】

Throughoutthecenturiestothehistoryofscientificdevelopment,scienceandtechnologyhasbeenagreatprogresscomparedtotheprevious,weliveintheeraofrapidchangesinscienceandtechnology,hasfelttheconveniencebroughtbytechnology.Indeed,technologyhasbroughtusalotofbenefits,butalsobroughtmanydisadvantages.Personally,Ithinkthesedisadvantagesarerealandcannotbeignored.Whatweneedtodoistotreatthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologycorrectlyandbringoutitsmaximumpositivesignificance.

Ontheonehand,thankstothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourlivescanbegreatlyenrichedandmadeeasier.Electriclights,newmeansoftransportation,theinventionoftheInternet—thereisnoonewhohasnotbenefitedfromthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Whenyousitathomeandtapthemouse,youareabletocommunicateface-to-facewithyourrelativesinfarawayplaces;whenyouareontheroadoftravel,holdingthesteeringwheeltightly,youareabletotravelalloverthecountryandenjoythescenery;whenyoustayinahotelandpresstheremotecontroloftheairconditionerleisurely,youenjoythepleasureofwarmthandcoolness.Comparedwiththepast,humanhealthandlivingstandardshavechangedalot.Technologyhasbroughtustoomuchconvenienceandmadegreatprogressinhumandevelopment.

Ontheotherhand,asthesayinggoes,“Thingswilldevelopintheoppositedirectionwhentheybecomeextreme.”Ifanythinggoodisusedtoexcessandtakentotheextreme,therewillbea“double-edgedsword”effect,andthesameistrueforscience.ThedevelopmentofphysicaltheoryhasenabledmankindtomasternuclearenergytechnologybutalsobroughtaboutthenucleardisastersofHiroshimaandNagasaki,wheremankindhadtheabilitytodestroyitselfforthefirsttime.Thedevelopmentofchemistryhasgivenustheunprecedentedabilitytotransformnature,butourgunpowderandexplosiveshavealsoharmedtensofmillionsofourfellowhumanbeings.Advancesinoilexplorationtechnologyhaveallowedmankindtoadvanceatamuchfasterpace.Wehavebeenabletoflyfasterthanthespeedofsound,butthishasalsobroughttoomanywarsandtoomuchstrife,andmadetheearthstarttocatchafever.Atthesametime,theatmospherehasbeendamaged,waterhasbeenpolluted,andenvironmentalproblemsarebecomingincreasinglyserious,causingmanyplantsandanimalstolosetheirhabitats.

Allinall,technologicaldevelopmenthasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.However,weshouldneitherblindlydevelopscienceandtechnologyregardlessoftheconsequencesbecauseitisbeneficial,norshouldwegotostopthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologybecauseithasdisadvantages.Scienceandtechnologyarethegreatdrivingforceofhumansocialprogressonlywhentheyareinbalancewithpeople’sneedsandhumannature.Humanbeingsshouldmakefulluseofthepositiveeffectsofscienceandtechnologyandtrytolimitandovercomethenegativeeffectsbroughtbyscienceandtechnologyinthecontinuouspracticeofunderstandingnatureandtransformingit.

12.单选题

Amtrak（美国铁路客运公司）wasexperiencingadownswinginridership（客运量）alongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.Atonetime,trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trainswerefast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationexistingatthetime.However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica'sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.Therefore,thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderotheraspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrainswouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.

Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:1）anxiousfliers—thoseconcernedwithsafety,relaxation,andcleanlinessand2）travel-lovers—thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,casual,andinterestedinthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendevelopedacampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,relaxation,andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.

Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.)Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwasfocusedoninonead,enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.

1.What'stheauthorspurposeinwritingthispassage?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat（）.

3.Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized（）.

4.Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofits

because（）.

问题1选项

A.Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience

B.TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica'sstandardofconvenience

C.Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion

D.Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumerattitudes

问题2选项

A.trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportation

B.trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportation

C.trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobe

D.trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenience

问题3选项

A.thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrains

B.thepracticalaspectsoftraintravel

C.theadventurousaspectsoftraintrips

D.thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintrips

问题4选项

A.theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiences

B.theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprograms

C.theirprofitscouldbeincreasedbysome15percent

D.mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudiences

问题5选项

A.theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertised

B.itprovidedanexcitingtravelexperience

C.itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoors

D.itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattle

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.作者意图题。本文主要讲述了美国铁路客运公司为应对飞机和汽车的竞争所采取的应对策略，Amtrak将焦急的飞行者和旅游爱好者视为目标群体，然后对其进行广告的投放，最终取得一定效果。故作者的意图是强调广告的劝说性功能在改变消费者态度方面的作用。故D项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第一段“However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica'sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.然而，时代变了，汽车成为了美国方便的标准。而且，航空旅行很容易就成为长途旅行最快的方法。”可知美国铁路客运量下降主要是由于汽车和飞机的出现，火车不再是最快且最方便的交通方式。故B项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段“Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.它强调了乘坐火车所获得的体验，并将西方火车旅行描述为美妙的冒险。”可知DDBNeedham强调火车旅行的冒险性。故C项正确。

4.细节事实题。由最后一段“Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.这些广告被战略性地放置在以家庭为导向的涉及自然和美国的电视节目中，以便最有效地触及目标观众。”可知这些广告投放主要是为了能让目标观众看到，而前面已经提及目标观众是travel-lovers和fliers。故D项正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.)广告展示了一些更著名的西部路线沿线可以欣赏的美丽风景的图片，并强调了这些火车的浪漫名字（帝国建造者等）。”可知帝国建造者号列车的客流量上升是源于列车的名字和广告中宣称的路线和风景。故A项正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

13.案例题

Apowerfulpersonalgrowthtoolisthe30-daytrial.ThisisaconceptIborrowedfromthesharewareindustry,whereyoucan（1）atrialversionofapieceofsoftwareandtryitoutrisk-freefor30daysbeforeyou'rerequiredtobuythe（2）version.It'salsoagreatwaytodevelopnew（3）,andbestofall,it'sbrain-deadsimple.Let'ssayyouwanttostartanewhabitlikeanexerciseprogramor（4）abadhabitlikesuckingoncancersticks.Weallknowthatgetting（5）andstickingwiththenewhabitforafewweeksisthehardpart.Onceyou'veovercomeinertia,it'smucheasiertokeepgoing.Yetweoftenpsycheourselvesoutofgettingstartedby（6）thinkingaboutthechangeassomething（7）beforewe'veevenbegun.Itseemstoooverwhelmingtothinkaboutmakingabigchangeand（8）withiteverydayfortherestofyourlifewhenyou'restillhabituatedtodoingthe（9）.Themoreyouthinkaboutthechangeassomethingpermanent,themoreyou（10）whereyouare.Butwhatifyouthoughtaboutmakingthechangeonly（11）sayfor30days—andthenyou'refreetogobacktoyouroldhabits?Thatdoesn'tseemsohardanymore.Exercisedailyforjust30days,thenquit,maintaina（12）organizeddeskfor30days,thenslackoff.Readforanhouradayfor30days,thengobacktowatchingTV.

Couldyoudoit?Itstill（13）abitofdisciplineandcommitment,butnotnearlysomuchasmakingapermanentchange.Any（14）deprivationisonlytemporary.Youcan（15）downthedaystofreedom.Andforatleast30days,you'llgainsomebenefit.It,'snotsobaD.Youcanhandleit.It'sonlyonemonthoutofyourlife.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

Temporary

download

commitment

neatly

require

mentally

count

opposite

stay

discipline

permanent

habit

overcome

stick

adopt

full

free

perceive

quit

start

【答案】1.download

2.full

3.habits

4.quit

5.started

6.mentally

7.permanent

8.sticking

9.opposite

10.stay

11.commitment

12.neatly

13.requires

14.perceived

15.count

【解析】1.根据句意,下载某种软件,用downloadsoftware。

2.fullversion指完整版。句意：下载某个软件的免费试用版使用30天后,你会被要求购买完整版。

3.从下文的"Let'ssayyouwanttostartanewhabit."可推测,填空处也应该填入habit,且为复数。

4.quitabadhabit指改正某个坏习惯。

5.根据句意：我们都知道,开始并坚持几个星期的新习惯是困难的。先开始才能坚持。

6.根据句子结构可知这里应该用副词修饰thinking,根据上文的psych推断mentally正确。

7.根据下文"Themoreyouthinkaboutthechangeassomethingpermanent,..."可知此处也应填入permanent。

8.stickwith坚持,文中多次出现。

9.dotheopposite为固定用法,意为背道而驰。

10.根据句意：你越认为这种改变是永久性的,你就会在原地待得越久。这里指保持现状。

11.make…commitment为固定搭配,意为"做出……的承诺"。

12.maintainaneatlyorganizeddesk保持课桌的干净整洁。

13.根据句意：尽管它依然完成了一些纪律和承诺,但远没有达到永久改变的程度。

14.句意：任何感知到的剥夺都只是暂时的。

15.countdown为固定搭配,意为"倒数"。

14.单选题

Underthis（

）pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.

问题1选项

A.intensive

B.weighty

C.intense

D.bulky

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。intensive加强的，集中的；weighty重大的，重的；bulky庞大的，笨重的；intense极度的，强烈的，剧烈的。句意：在这种高强度的压力下，一些岩石甚至变成了液体。由“someoftherocksevenbecameliquid”可知岩石受到了极大的压力，故答案C

15.单选题

Theindustrialcommunityshouldbecloseenoughtothecrowdedcentersbutdistantenoughtoreduce（）hazards.

问题1选项

A.feasible

B.active

C.substantial

D.potential

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项feasible“可行的；可能的;”；B选项active“积极的；活跃的”；C选项substantial“大量的；实质的”；D选项potential“潜在的，可能的”。句意:工业区应该离拥挤的中心足够近，但要足够远，以减少潜在的危险。所选之词应修饰hazards(危险)，而且其意应为“潜在的或可能发生的”危险。故选D。

16.单选题

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.

问题1选项

A.significant

B.enormous

C.considerable

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】句意:写作是一个缓慢的过程，需要进行大的思考，耗费大量的吋间并付出巨大努力。

考查形容词辨析。significant有重大意义的，显著的；enormous巨大的，庞大的：considerable相当多（或大、重要等）的；numerous众多的，许多的,—般用来修饰可数名词。故选C。

17.单选题

Masstransitsystemsrelievetrafficcongestionwhentheserviceisconvenient,（）andaffordable.

问题1选项

A.comfort

B.comforting

C.comfortable

D.comforted

【答案】C

【解析】考查词性选择。句意：当服务方便、舒适和负担得起时，公共交通系统可以缓解交通拥堵。上下文用and连接并列的convenient和affordable都是形容词，此处应用形容词形式。A，B，D都是动词形式。因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Withthecompletionoftheirrigationnetwork，thefarmersinthatareawillnolongerbe（）theweatherforgoodharvests.

问题1选项

A.incontrolof

B.atthedisposalof

C.atthemercyof

D.inchargeof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。incontrolof控制，管理，掌握；atthedisposalof在使用；atthemercyof受…支配；inchargeof负责，主管。灌溉建成后农民的收成将不再受天气支配。故C项正确。句意：随着灌溉网的完工,那个地区的农民的好收成将不再受天气支配。

19.单选题

Wishestoknowtheunknown,controltheuncontrollableandbringordertochaosarebasicallyhuman______.

问题1选项

A.attitudes

B.attributes

C.assets

D.effects

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项attitude“态度”，B项attribute“属性，特质”，C项asset“资产，优点”，D项effect“影响，效果”。根据句子内容“希望了解未知的事物，控制不可控的事物，给混乱带来秩序，这基本上是人类的……”可知，空格处填入B项最符合语境。句意：希望了解未知的事物，控制不可控的事物，给混乱带来秩序，这是人类的基本属性。因此，该题选择B项正确。

20.单选题

Peoplewhoconsiderpaperbackpublishingarecentphenomenonoftendonotrealize（

）paperbound.

问题1选项

A.thatthedimenovelsofthe1860swere

B.thatthedimenovelswereofthe1860s

C.thereweredimenovelsofthe1860swhich

D.thatthedimenovelsofthe1860swhichwere

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据动词realize和选项，可知空格中应填入宾语从句。因为there不能充当宾语引导词，选项C可排除。根据选项的宾语从句句子结构，可知宾语从句为主系表结构，主语为thedimenovelsofthe1860s，werepaperbound为谓语部分。句意：认为平装本出版是最近的一种事物的人往往没有意识到19世纪60年代的廉价小说就是平装书。选项A符合题意。

21.单选题

TheelderlyRussiansfindithardtoliveontheirstate（）.

问题1选项

A.pensions

B.earnings

C.salaries

D.donations

【答案】A

【解析】句意:老年俄罗斯公民发现，依靠国家的养老金生活很艰难。

考查名词辨析。pension养老金；earning收益；工资；salary薪水；donation捐赠；捐款。因此A项正确。

22.单选题

Thatwouldcauseanoutcryandaddseveralpercentagepointstoinflation,andcouldeasilycheckspendingand（）therecoveryinitscradle.

问题1选项

A.impel

B.stage

C.strangle

D.invigorate

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。impel“趋使，推动”；stage“筹划，举行”；strangle“绞杀，使窒息”；invigorate“鼓舞”。句意：这将引起强烈的抗议，并且使通货膨胀增加几个百分点，而且会控制消费，使复苏在摇篮中就被扼杀。选项C符合题意。

23.单选题

TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothave（

）suppliesofpetroleum.

问题1选项

A.proficient

B.efficient

C.potential

D.sufficient

【答案】D

【解析】句意:欧盟国家曾担心他们石油供应不足。

形容词辨析。Proficient熟练的，精通的;efficient有效率的，生效的;potential潜在的，可能的;sufficient足够的，充分的。故D符合句意。

24.单选题

Happy（）theywere,therewassomethingmissing.

问题1选项

A.though

B.which

C.as

D.since

【答案】C

【解析】though虽然；which哪个;as像，如;尽管;虽然；since自从。句意：尽管他们是快乐的，但总缺少些什么。句子之间有一个转折关系，though一般放在句子句首，as表示让步时，采用倒装句式，表语一般放在从句之首，故C选项正确。

25.单选题

Awearabletechnologydeveloped-byresearchersatWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicinemayhelpsurgeonsto（）cancercells,whichwillhelptoensurethatnostraytumorcellsareleft-behindduringsurgicalprocedures.

问题1选项

A.utilize

B.visualize

C.transcend

D.transform

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。utilize利用；visualize显现，可视化；transcend胜过，超越；transform变换，改变。由which引导的从句内容可知“这可穿戴的技术可以帮助确保癌细胞无残留”说明这项技术能够让外科医生在手术过程过看清楚癌细胞。故B项符合题意。句意：华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员开发的一种可穿戴技术可能有助于外科医生看清楚癌细胞，这将有助于确保在手术过程中不会留下任何游离的肿瘤细胞。

26.不定项选择题

Thereisaquestion,however,thatmustbeansweredbeforethissynthesisisattempted,namely,whicharethesocialtendenciesthataregeneralhumancharacteristics?Itiseasytobemisledinthisrespect.Muchofoursocialbehaviorisautomatic.Somemaybeinstinctive,thatis,organicallydetermined.Muchmoreisbasedonconditionedresponses,thatis,determinedbysituationssopersistentlyandearlyimpresseduponusthatwearenolongerawareofthecharacterofthebehaviorandalsoordinarilyunawareoftheexistenceorpossibilityofadifferentbehavior.Thus,acriticalexaminationofwhatisgenerallyvalidforallhumanityandwhatisspecificallyvalidfordifferentculturaltypescomestobeamatterofgreatconcerntostudentsofsociety.Thisisoneoftheproblemsthatinduceustolayparticularstressuponthestudyofculturethatarehistoricallyaslittleaspossiblerelatedtoourown.Theirstudyenablesustodeterminethosetendenciesthatarecommontoallmankindandthosebelongingtospecifichumansocietiesonly.

Anothervistaopensifweaskourselveswhetherthecharacteristicsofhumansocietyareevenmorewidelydistributedandfoundalsointheanimalworld.Relationsofindividualsorofgroupsofindividualsmaybelookedatfromthreepointsofview:relationstotheorganicandinorganicouterworld,relationsamongmembersofthesamesocialgroup,andwhat,forlackofabetterterm,maybedesignatedassubjectivelyconditionedrelations.Imeanbythistermthoseattitudesthatarisegraduallybygivingvaluesandmeaningstoactivities,asgoodorbad,rightorwrong,beautifulorugly,purposiveorcausallydetermined.Relationswiththeorganicandinorganicouterworldareestablishedprimarilybytheobtainingofsustenance,protectionagainstrigoroftheclimate,andgeographicallimitationsofvariedkinds.Therelationsofmembersamongthesamesocialgroupincludetherelationofsexes,habitsofformingsocialgroupsandtheirforms.Obviously,thesephasesofhumanlifearesharedbyanimals.Theirfoodrequirementsarebiologicallydeterminedandadjustedtothegeographicalenvironmentinwhichtheylive.Acquisitionandstorageoffoodarefoundamonganimalsaswellasinman.Theneedofprotectionagainstclimateandenemiesisalsooperativeinanimalsociety,andadjustmenttotheseneedsintheformofnestsordensiscommon.Nolessaretherelationsbetweenmembersofsocialgroupspresentinanimallife,foranimalsocietiesofvariedstructureoccur.Itappears,therefore,thataconsiderablefieldofsocialphenomenadoesnotbyanymeansbelongtomanalonebutissharedbytheanimalworld,andthequestionsmustbeasked:whattraitsarecommontohumanandanimalsocieties?

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?Oursocialbehavioris（）.

2.Whyissocialbehaviordifficulttochange?

3.Inordertoanswerthequestion:“whicharethesocialtendenciesthataregeneralhumancharacteristics?”wehavetoemphasizeonthestudyof（）.

4.Thethreepointsofviewthatindicatetherelationsofindividualsare（）.

5.Formthedefinitionsofthethreepointsofview,accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthat（）.

问题1选项

A.morebasedonlearnedreactionsthannaturaltendency

B.moreinherentlydeterminedthanearlyimpressed

C.morespontaneousthaninborn

D.morebasedoninherentthanconstitutionalbehavior

问题2选项

A.One’sbehaviorisinbornsothatnothingcanbedoneaboutit.

B.One’sbehaviorisinstinctivesothathe/shecan’tactdifferently.

C.One’sbehavioristaughtfromchildhoodsothatitisfixedasnormalinhis/herchildhood.

D.Ifoneneverchangeshis/hergeographicaldwelling,his/hersocialbehaviorcanneverbechanged.

问题3选项

A.humanbehavior

B.humanorgans

C.culture

D.environment

问题4选项