考研考博-英语-中国戏曲学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国戏曲学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thefrontmatterofabookconsistsofthetitle,subtitle,tableofcontents,andpre-face.Butthe（1）ofreaderswhopaynoattentiontothesignalsislargerthanyoumightexpect,unlessyouhappentobeoneofthosewhoare（2）toadmitit.Ihavethisexpe-rienceagainandagain（3）students.Ihaveaskedthem（4）abookwasabout.Ihaveaskedthemtotellme,inthemostgeneral（5）,whatsortofbookitwas.This,Ihave（6）,

isagoodway,almostanindispensable（7）,tobeginadiscussion.Manystudentsare（8）toanswerthisfirstandsimplestquestionaboutthebook.Sometimestheyapologize（9）thattheyhaven’tfinishedreadingityet,and（10）donoknow.That’sno（11）,Ipointout.Didyoulookatthetitle?Didyoustudythe（12）?Didyoureadthepreface（13）introduction?No，theydidnot.Thefrontmatterofabook（14）tobelikethetickingofaclock,（15）younoticeonlywhenitisnotthere.

Onereasonwhytitlesandprefacesare（16）bysomanyreadersisthattheydonotthink（71）importanttoclarifythebooktheyarereading，Theydonotfollowthisfirst（18）.Iftheytriedtofollowit,they（19）begratefultotheauthor（20）them.

问题1选项

A.majority

B.amount

C.number

D.figure

问题2选项

A.toohonest

B.enoughhonest

C.honestenough

D.sohonest

问题3选项

A.with

B.in

C.from

D.over.

问题4选项

A.whatkind

B.allthat

C.what

D.which

问题5选项

A.words

B.expressions

C.phrases

D.terms

问题6选项

A.thought

B.known

C.understood

D.found

问题7选项

A.way

B.subject

C.thing

D.manner

问题8选项

A.able

B.failing

C.unable

D.incapable

问题9选项

A.bysaying

B.forsaying

C.tosay

D.saying

问题10选项

A.then

B.therefore

C.so

D.otherwise

问题11选项

A.way

B.sense

C.excuse

D.reason

问题12选项

A.chapters

B.contents

C.index

D.appendix

问题13选项

A.and

B.with

C.or

D.also

问题14选项

A.happens

B.appears

C.used

D.looks

问题15选项

A.that

B.something

C.which

D.nothing

问题16选项

A.ignored

B.forgotten

C.missed

D.escaped

问题17选项

A.this

B.that

C.it

D.so

问题18选项

A.rule

B.example

C.advice

D.suggestion

问题19选项

A.will

B.would

C.need

D.should

问题20选项

A.tohelp

B.forhelping

C.inhelping

D.helping

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:B

第11题:C

第12题:B

第13题:C

第14题:B

第15题:C

第16题:A

第17题:C

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:B

【解析】1.句意：不关注这些信息的读者数量要比人们预想的多。C选项number意为“数字，数量”，thenumberof后面接可数名词readers，意为“读者的数量”。其他三项中，A选项majority多数；B选项amount数量，总额，theamountof后面接不可数名词；D选项figure意为“数字，算术”，不符合句意。

2.句意：足够诚实地承认这一点。enough修饰形容词和副词时应该后置，C项正确。

3.句意：我在学生这方面很有经验。haveanexperiencewith为固定搭配，意为“在……方面有经验”，A项正确。

4.C选项what意为“什么”，与文意相符，在此表示：我问学生书里写的是什么内容。

5.空格处填入terms，句意变为：我要求他们高度概括一下这本书的归类。ingeneralterms意为“概括地，笼统地”。

6.句意：我这是一个很好的方法。A选项thought以为，认为，与句意相符，应选A。其他三项中，known知道；understood懂，理解；found发现，都与句意不符。

7.空格所在句是说一种不可或缺的、即将讨论的。而且空格前面提到的agoodway。way方法，手段；subject主题，学科；thing事件；manner方式，举止，礼貌，A项way符合句意。

8.句意：很多学生回答这个首要而最简单的问题。able能够的，有能力的；failing失败，不成功；unable不会的，无能力的；incapable无能力的。因此，从意义上来讲，unable和incapable都符合句意。但是，unable才可以和to搭配使用，incapable后面应接介词of。因此，C项正确。

9.空格所在句是说有时他们道歉说还没有完成阅读。空格处应为bysaying。apologizefor意为“为某事道歉”，所以不能选B项。

10.句意：说他们没有完成阅读，不知道。then那时，然后；therefore因此；so因此，后面引导完整句子；otherwise否则，因此，B项therefore符合句意。

11.空格前后句意：学生没有完成阅读，因此不知道。我认为，不要找借口。C选项excuse意为“借口，理由，辩解”，与句意相符。

12.空格所在句前一句提到title（标题）吗，后一句又提到preface（前言），据此推测，此处应该为B项contents（目录）。

13.空格连接的introduction和preface这两个名词均有“前言，引言”之意，因此C选项or“或者”放在空格处比较合适。

14.句意：书的正面是时钟的嘀嗒声。happensto碰巧；appearto看来像是；usedto过去常常；lookto朝（某物）看去，面对，依靠。因此，选项Bappearto符合句意。

15.which放在空格处引导非限制性定语从句。句意：只有当它不在时你才会注意到。

16.句意：标题和前言被读者的原因就在于……。ignored忽视；forgotten忘记；missed错过；escaped躲过，因此，A项ignored符合句意。

17.it在空格处作形式宾语，此处句意：他们认为有关书的阐释并不重要。

18.句意：他们不愿遵循这一首要。rule规则，原则；example榜样；advice建议；suggestion建议。因此，A项符合句意。

19.句意：说如果他们尝试这么做了，他们就会感谢作者的帮助。表示与现在事实相反的情况，所以B项would比较合适。

20.这里考查固定搭配。begratefultosb.forsth.意为“因……感谢某人”，因此B项正确。

2.单选题

（

）isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

问题1选项

A.There

B.This

C.That

D.It

【答案】D

【解析】考查形式主语的用法。本句缺少主语。that引导了一个完整的句子，由此可知句首只需要一个形式主语。四个选项中只有D选项it可充当形式主语。句意：英语正在被接受为一种国际语言，这是一个事实。

3.单选题

WhentheItalianpoetDantewas（）fromhishomeinFlorence,hedecidedtowalkfromItalytosearchfortherealmeaningoflife.

问题1选项

A.exiled

B.expired

C.exempted

D.exerted

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项exile“放逐，流放；使背井离乡”；B选项expire“期满；终止；死亡；呼气”；C选项exempt“免除，豁免”；D选项exert“运用，发挥；施以影响”。句意：当意大利诗人但丁被逐出他在佛罗伦萨的家时，他决定从意大利步行去寻找生命的真正意义。固定搭配“exilefrom使流亡；把……从……流放出去”，因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

（）whathasbeensaid，itisunlikethatpopulationgrowthwillbehalted，eitherinthedevelopedorintheundevelopedworld.

问题1选项

A.Inviewof

B.Onbehalfof

C.Forthesakeof

D.Withtheexceptionof

【答案】A

【解析】介词词组解析。inviewof“鉴于，考虑到”；onbehalfof“代表，为了”；forthesakeof“由

于，因为”；withtheexceptionof“除了……以外”。句意：考虑到他所说的，无论是在发达国家还是在发展中国家，人口增长似乎不会停止。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Ifyouwanttoteachyourchildrenhowtosaysorry,youmustbegoodatsayingityourself,especiallytoyourownchildren.Buthowyousayitcanbequitetricky.

Ifyousaytoyourchildren“I’msorryIgotangrywithyou,but...whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective:“Ihadabadday”or“yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache”leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfellingthatheshouldbeapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology.

Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay“I’msorryyou’reupset”;thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone.

Thenthereisthegeneral,allcoveringapology,whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain.Saying“I’muselessasaparent”doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement.

Thesepseudo-apologiesareusedbypeoplewhobelievesayingsorryshowsweakness.Parentswhowishtoteachtheirchildrentoapologizeshouldseeitasasignofstrength,andthereforenotresorttothesepseudo-apologies.

Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildrenfeelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaplaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.Asix-year-oldmightneedremindingthatspoilingotherchildren’sexpectationscanrequireanapology.A12-year-oldmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent’sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.

1.Ifamotheradds“but”toanapology（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,saying“I’msorryyou’reupset”mostlyprobablymeans

（

）.

3.Itisnotadvisabletousethegeneral,all-coveringapologybecause

（

）.

4.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinteachingchildrentosaysorry

（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapologizingproperlyis（

）.

问题1选项

A.shedoesn’tfeelthatsheshouldhaveapologized

B.shedoesnotrealizethatthechildhasbeenhurt

C.thechildmayfindtheapologyeasiertoaccept

D.thechildmayfeelthatheowesheranapology

问题2选项

A.Youhavegoodreasontogetupset

B.I’mawareyou’reupset,butI’mnottoblame

C.1apologizeforhurtingyourfeelings

D.I’matfaultformakingyouupset

问题3选项

A.itgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptypromises

B.itmaymaketheotherpersonfeelguilty

C.itisvagueandineffective

D.itishurtfulandinsulting

问题4选项

A.thecomplexitiesinvolvedshouldbeignored

B.theiragesshouldbetakenintoaccount

C.parentsneedtosetthemagoodexample

D.parentsshouldbepatientandtolerant

问题5选项

A.asocialissuecallingforimmediateattention.

B.notnecessaryamongfamilymembers

C.asignofsocialprogress

D.notassimpleasitseem

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“如果一个母亲在道歉后加一个‘但是’……”。文章第二段提到“但是后面的内容可以让该道歉变得无效……”（whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective…），选项D“小孩可能会觉得自己还欠母亲一个道歉”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，‘很抱歉让你烦恼了’意味着……”。文章第三段提到“这表明你在某种程度上是错误的，让你自己因为他人的所作所为感到烦恼”（thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone），选项B“我意识到你心烦了，但这不是我的错”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“不建议使用笼统的、涵盖一切的道歉是因为……”。文章第四段对“笼统道歉”的解释是避免需要去提及特别令人受伤或者受辱的具体行为，道歉的人应该承诺不会再犯（whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain），这种道歉并不会起作用，比如“我是一个无用的家长”，并不会让一个人去具体改进，因此这种含糊其辞的道歉是不可取的，选项C符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“从最后一段教小孩子道歉可知……”。文章最后一段提到“但是即使孩子看到了真诚悔过的例子，他们仍然需要帮助去认识到道歉的复杂性”（Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry），随后举了不同年龄阶段的孩子应该怎样教授道歉，由此可以推断在教小孩子道歉时，年龄是需要考虑的因素，选项B符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可知，适当的道歉……”。文章提到了道歉需要技巧；道歉并没有那么简单，在教授孩子道歉时要考虑其年龄等，说明道歉并没有看上去那么容易，选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Whilethedoctoranalyzedthepatient’scondition,hisfamilywaitedoutsideinconsiderable（

）.

问题1选项

A.tension

B.anticipation

C.eagerness

D.anxiety

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。tension意为“拉紧，（精神、局势等）紧张。”；anticipation意为“期待，希望”；eagerness意为“渴望，热心，热切”；anxiety意为“焦虑，挂虑，忧虑”。

句意：医生分析病人的病情时，他的家人在外面相当焦急地等待着。

7.单选题

Althoughtheinsistenceonbalancingspendingagainsttaxrevenueshascontributedtotheeconomy’sstagnation,unfortunately,thegovernmentdoesnotseemlikelyto_______thisrigidpolicy.

问题1选项

A.persistin

B.initiate

C.repudiate

D.continue

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项persistin“坚持，固执于”；B选项initiate“创始；发起”；C选项repudiate“拒绝；（正式）否认；断绝关系”；D选项continue“继续；连续”。句意：尽管坚持收支平衡导致经济停滞，不幸的是，政府似乎不太可能_______这个僵化的政策。根据语境，这里指坚持收支平衡这个僵化的政策让经济停滞，但政府大有可能继续坚持这个政策，所以repudiate“（正式）否认”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

8.问答题

SincetheUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorceratein

A

B

theworld,thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurtothesameextentinEurope.Contrary

C

tofearsoftheexperts,theroleofbreadwinnerandhomemakerwasnotabandoned.

D

【答案】试题答案：A;Although/While

【解析】考查连词。由“theUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld（美国的离婚率仍然是世界上最高的，这一点令人怀疑）”和“thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurtothesameextentinEurope（在欧洲，离婚率的暂时下降并没有达到同样的程度）”可知此处表示转折关系，故用although或while。

9.单选题

Helencouldnothelpfeelingantipathytowardherfather’snewwifewhomhemarriedjusttwomonthsafterthedeathofHelen’smother.

问题1选项

A.sympathy

B.concession

C.compassion

D.hostility

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项sympathy“同情（强调共同分担，进而对某种经历或遭遇引起共鸣）；慰问；赞同”；B选项concession“让步；特许（权）；承认；退位”；C选项compassion“同情（强调由于理解而同情，并主动给予帮助，常常指通过自身痛苦或不幸而同情别人）；怜悯”；D选项hostility“敌意；战争行动”。句意：海伦对她父亲的新妻子不禁感到反感，她父亲在海伦的母亲去世仅仅两个月后就娶了她。本句关键词antipathy表示“反感；厌恶；憎恶；不相容”，四个选项中D选项最合适，因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

TWAwascriticizedfortryingtocoverupthetruthratherthanpromptlynotifyingvictims'families.

问题1选项

A.briefly

B.quickly

C.accurately

D.earnestly

【答案】B

【解析】副词辨析。句意:环球航空公司被诟病其试图掩盖真相而不是立马通知遇难者家属的行为。

briefly短暂地，简略地。quickly迅速地，很快地。accurately精确地，准确地。earnestly认真地，诚挚地。promptly迅速地。故选B。

11.单选题

Competitorsfrommorethanahundredcountrieshave（）inLosAngelesfortheOlympicGames.

问题1选项

A.denounced

B.converged

C.detached

D.sprawled

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。denounced谴责，揭发，声明...无效；converged聚集，齐聚；detached分离的；sprawled平躺的。句意：来自100多个国家的运动员齐聚洛杉矶参加奥运会。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

OfallfiguresfromAmerica'spast,AbrahamLincolnisdearesttotheheartsoftheAmericanpeople.Infact,theadmirationtheyhaveforhimbordersonworship.WritersnotethattheLincolnMemorialinWashington,DCisnotunlikethetemplesthatancientGreeksbuiltinhonoroftheirgoods,andthatannualceremoniesofcelebratingLincoln'sbirthdayinschoolsandpublicplaceshavesometimeshadcharacteristicsofreligiousservices.CertainlyLincolnisAmerica'sidealofagreatleader.HehadmanyofthequalityofleadershipthatAmericansadmire.

Firstofall,Lincoln'scareerfitspopularAmericanbeliefthateverychildcandreamofbecomingpresident.Americansadmiretheperson——theonewho,withneithermoneynorfamilyinfluence,fightshisorherwaytothetop.Lincolnwasbomofpoorparents.Hismotherdiedwhenhewasyoung.Hehadlittleopportunityforschooling.Hisearlystudywasdonealoneatnightbythelightofafireplace.Hedidhardmanuallaborthroughtheday——splittingrailsforfences,takingcareoflivestock,workingonriverboat——orinstore.Butashegrewolderhestudiedlawinhissparetimeandbecamealawyer.Hewasagoodspeakerandstudentofpoliticalphilosophy.HisabilityfinallymadeanameforhimandeventuallyhebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates.

LincolnisalsoadmiredbecauseofhisleadershipduringthedifficultperiodoftheCivilWar.Hedaredtodowhathethoughtwasrightatatimewhenhisbeliefswereunpopularwithmanypeople.He,inasense,representsthespiritofunionamongthestates.BeforetheCivilwar,theeconomyoftheSouthdependedonanagriculturalsystemwhichmadeuseofslavelabor.Whenreformersinthenorthernstates,putpressureonCongressnottopermittosecedeorwithdraw,fromtheUnitedStates,theyarguedthatthequestionofslaverywasamatterfortheindividualstatestodecideratherthanthefederalgovernment,andtheydidnotwanttoacceptitsdecision.Thenationalgovernmentsaidthatnostatehadtherighttosecede,andtheCivilWarwastheresult.Ifthesouthhadwonthewar,whatistheUnitesStatesmightwellhavebeendividedintoseveralcountries.Lincolnworkedhardtopreservetheunion,andthenorthernstateswerevictorious.

Furthermore,Lincolnhadmanypersonalqualitiesthatmadehimdeartotheheartsofhiscountryman.Hehadinfinitepatienceandtoleranceforthosewhodisagreedwithhim.Aspresident,heappointedmentohighgovernmentpositionswhomheconsideredmostcapable,eventhoughsomeofthemopenlyscornedhim.Hewasgeneroustohisopponents.Therearemanystoriesabouthisthoughtfultreatmentofsouthernleaders.Whenthewarwasover,heshowedtheSouthnohatred.SincegenerositytowardadefeatedopponentisadmiredbyAmericans,Lincolnfittedthenationalideaofwhatisright.

ShortlyaftertheCivilWarended,Lincoln,wasshotwhileattendingaplayinWashingtonTheater.Hediedwithinafewhours.Theuncontrolledemotionalreactionofthenationtohisdeathwasalmostunbelievableanddemonstratedthedeepesteeminwhichhewasheld.Newspaperswereedgedwithblack;religiousleadersgavepraiseofLincolninsteadoftheirpreparedsermons.HisfuneralprocessioninWashingtonwasmileslong.Lincoln'sbodywastakenbytrainbacktohisformerhomeinSpringfield,Illinois,butinallthemajorcitiesthroughwhichthetrainpassed,thecoffinwasparadedthroughstreetslinedwithsorrowfulthousands.Inthesmalltownsthroughwhichthetrainpassedbellsranginhonorofthedeadpresident.Citizenslittorchesalongtherailroadtracktoshowtheirlastrespects.

ThecircumstancesofhisdeathsetLincolnapartfromotherAmericanleaders.HadLincolnlived,itmightwellbethathispostwarpolicieswouldhavebroughtcriticismsuponhimthatwouldhavetarnishedhispopularity.Instead,anassassin'sbulleterasedinthemindsofAmericansanyfaultshehadandemphasizedhisvirtues.

1.WhataretheaspectsthatmadeLincolnidealofagreatleader?

2.Lincoln'sbeliefsusedtobe（）.

3.Fromthelastparagraphitcouldbeinferredthat（）.

4.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat（）.

5.Lincolncamefromacitynamed（）.

6.Howmanypersonalqualitiesarementionedinparagraph4?

7.Theword“assassin”means（）.

问题1选项

A.Lincoln'scareerandfamily

B.Lincolnwasself-madeperson

C.Lincoln'sleadershipduringthedifficultperiodoftheCivilWar

D.Hiscareer,leadership,generosityandrighttimeofdeath

问题2选项

A.unpopularwithmanypeopleduringtheperiodoftheCivilWar

B.aself-madeperson

C.worshipped

D.popularwiththeAmericanpeople

问题3选项

A.Americanpeoplelikethosewhoaregeneroustotheiropponents

B.Apresidentmustbelikeapresident

C.Lincoln'sdeathwasatarighttimetohim

D.LincolnisstillpopularwiththeAmericanpeople

问题4选项

A.apersonwhofightshisorherwaytothetopwillbepresident

B.Americansbelievethateveryonecanbepresidentifhehasability

C.aself-madepersonwillsucceed

D.it'sapieceofcaketobepresidentoftheUnitedStates

问题5选项

A.Washington

B.Springfield

C.Illinois

D.notmentioned

问题6选项

A.3

B.4

C.5

D.6

问题7选项

A.helper

B.assistant

C.soldier

D.killer

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:D

【解析】1.结合全文内容可知,本文从多个方面讲述了林肯受人们爱戴的原因,选项D最能全面概括,其他选项都只是一个方面。

2.根据第三段的第二句“Hedaredtodowhathethoughtwasrightatatimewhenhisbeliefswereunpopularwithmanypeople.”可知,林肯的信仰过去在内战期间并不受大多数人的欢迎,选项A符合原文。

3.根据最后一段可知,如果林肯还活着,很可能他的战后政策会给他带来批评,损害他的声望。相反,暗杀者的子弹抹去了美国人心中他的所有缺点,并强调了他的美德。由此可知,客观上来说,林肯的死亡是在一个恰当的时机,选项C正确。

4.根据第二段的第二句“Americansadmiretheperson——theonewho,withneithermoneynorfamilyinfluence,fightshisorherwaytothetop.”美国人欣赏那些,既没有金钱也没有家庭影响,却能通过奋斗达到顶峰的人。也就是说,美国人相信只要有能力,每个人都能成为总统。选项B正确。

5.根据第五段倒数第二句“Lincoln'sbodywastakenbytrainbacktohisformerhomeinSpringfield,Illinois,...”林肯的遗体被火车运回了他在伊利诺斯州斯普林菲尔德的老家。由此可知,林肯来自于Springfield这个城市,Illinois是州,所以选项B正确。

6.根据第四段“Hehadinfinitepatienceandtoleranceforthosewhodisagreedwithhim.”“Hewasgeneroustohisopponents.”可知,本段提到了林肯的3个个人品质,选项A正确。

7.根据原文可知,这里指林肯遭到暗杀,所以选项D正确。

13.单选题

Generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewould（

）considerablebenefitsforthecountry’shealth,wealthandsecurity.

问题1选项

A.resultfrom

B.settledown

C.liein

D.leadto

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项resultfrom“产生于……，由……引起”；B选项settledown“定居”；C选项liein“在于，位于”；D选项leadto“导致，把……带到”。根据句子之间的逻辑关系可知选D，表示慷慨的公共资助会给国家带来好处。句意：对基础科学慷慨的公共资助将为国家的健康、财富和安全带来可观的好处。

14.单选题

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoatanevenearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolutiontheshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon（扰乱）European’sprivatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-stylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvy（精通技术的）workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegativedarkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautifulandstrong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”Onlyanidealwomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufrnann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon’tlastlongiftheystartatall.EppendorfablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdidgiveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

问题1选项

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

问题2选项

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmericanstylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

问题3选项

A.warmandlightheated

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

问题4选项

A.somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

问题5选项

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners.

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe"irresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury.（一位法国社会学家认为，从家庭生活到独处生活方式的转变，是上个世纪“不可抗拒的个人主义势头”的一部分）可知A选项“他们受到强烈的个人主义的驱使”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-stylecapitalism.（在欧洲从社会民主向更尖锐、更个人主义的美国式资本主义转变的过程中，当代的独居者逐渐成熟）可知B选项“欧洲社会越来越接近美国式的资本主义”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoiceTheywereyoung,beautifulandstrong!（最新一批单身人士是三四十岁的高收入者，他们越来越认为独居是一种生活方式的选择……他们年轻，漂亮，强壮！）可知D选项“健康和富有”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.（我总是做我想做的事：过一种自主的生活）可知A选项“一些现代女性更喜欢个人自由的生活”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了越来越多的欧洲人选择在年轻时保持单身；第二段讲述了欧洲经济的发展促进了独立趋势，使人们具有独立生活的能力；第三段讲述了越来越多的高收入者选择独居生活；第四段举例人们选择单身的原因与个人事业发展有关。本文一直都是围绕单身这个主题来展开阐述，已经成为一种趋势，因此C选项“研究年轻人独居的趋势”符合题意。

15.单选题

I（）himatonceasanAmericanwhenhesteppedontothestagewiththreeotheractors.

问题1选项

A.regarded

B.deemed

C.spotted

D.discerned

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析A:regard“把……认作”；B:deem“看做，认为”；C:spot“认出”；D:discern“识别，看出”。句意：当他和其他三个演员一起登上舞台时，我立即就认出他是美国人了。根据句意，C为正确答案。

16.单选题

HewaslookingadmiringlyatthephotographpublishedbyCollinsin（）withtheImperialMuseum.

问题1选项

A.combination

B.collaboration

C.connection

D.collection

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他在羡慕地看着由柯林斯与帝国博物馆合作出版的照片。

考查短语辨析。incombinationwith与…结合，联合；incollaborationwith与…合作；写作；inconnectionwith与…有关。没有incollectionwith的搭配。因此B项正确。

17.单选题

Inourculture,thesourcesofwhatwecallasenseof“mastery”—feelingimportantandworthwhileandthesourcesofwhatwecallasenseof“pleasure”findinglifeenjoyable—arenotalwaystheidentical.Womenoftenaretold“Youcan’thaveitall.”Sometimeswhatthespeakerreallyissayingis:“Youchoseacareer,soyoucan’texpecttohavecloserrelationshipsorahappyfamilylife.”or“Youhaveawonderfulhusbandandchildren—What’sallthisaboutwantingacareer?”Butwomenneedtounderstandanddevelopbothaspectsofwell-being,iftheyaretofeelgoodaboutthemselves.

Ourstudyshowsthat,forwomen,well-beinghastwodimensions.Oneismastery,whichincludesself-esteem,asenseofcontroloveryourlife,andlowlevelsofanxietyanddepression.Masteryiscloselyrelatedtothe“doing”sideoflife,toworkandactivity.Pleasureistheotherdimensions,anditiscomposedofhappiness,satisfactionandoptimism.Itistiedmorecloselytothe“feeling”sideoflife.Thetwoareindependentofeachother.Awomanwhohasagoodjob,butwhosemotherhasjustdied,mightbefeelingverygoodaboutherselfandincontrolofherworklife,butthepleasuresidecouldbedamagedforatime.

Theconceptsofmasteryandpleasurecanhelpusidentifythesourcesofwell-beingforwomen,andremedypastmistakes.Inthepast,womenwereencouragedtolookonlyatthefeelingsideoflifeasthesourceofallwell-being.Butweknowthatbothmasteryandpleasurearecritical.Andmasteryseemstobeachievedlargelythroughwork.Inourstudy,allthegroupsofemployedwomenratedsignificantlyhigherinmasterythandidwomenwhowerenotemployed.

Awoman’swell-beingisenhancedwhenshetakesonmultipleroles.Atleastbymiddleadulthood,thewomenwhowereinvolvedinacombinationofroles—marriages,motherhood,andemployment—werethehighestinwell-being,despitewarningsaboutstressandstrain.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat____.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardswomenhavingacareeris____.

3.Onecanconcludefromthepassagethatifawomantakesonseveralsocialroles,____.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeidentifiedasasourceof“pleasure”forwomen?

5.Themostappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe____.

问题1选项

A.forwomen,asenseof“mastery”ismoreimportantthanasenseof“pleasure”

B.forwomen,asenseof“pleasure”ismoreimportantthanasenseof“mastery”

C.womencan’thavea