考研考博-英语-东北石油大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东北石油大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledtheSecondIndustrialRevolution.

Labor’sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyaboutitseffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Unquestionably,however,therewillbemajorshiftsinjobswithinplantsanddisplacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthistransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitsplans.ItisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinSUBplanhasadirectfinancialstakeinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongincentiveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibledisruptioninjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlylaidoffworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaoftheimprovementfactor,whichcallsforwageincreasebasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itisprobable,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Welearnfromparagraph1thatautomationwillprobablyleadto（

）.

2.Laborhastheopinionthat（

）.

3.Whatistherelationbetweenautomationandemploymentintheopinionoflabor?

4.Theunionstressesthat（

）.

5.Howmanynewpoliciesoftheunionshavebeenlistedinthispassage?

问题1选项

A.industrialexpansion

B.anincreaseinemployment

C.displacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother

D.anincreaseinunemployment

问题2选项

A.alleffortsmustbemadetopreventautomation

B.automationwillcauseariseinconsumercosts

C.itsmaininterestliesinincreasingallwages

D.technologicalchangecannotbestopped

问题3选项

A.Automationwilldefinitelyleadstomoreunemployment.

B.Fromalong-termpointofviewautomationwillbringaboutmorejobs.

C.Automationwillnotcausemuchchangeinemployment.

D.Sooneroflaterautomationwilldoalltheworkinsteadofman.

问题4选项

A.workersshouldalsoenjoythefruitsbroughtaboutbyautomation

B.noworkersshouldbefiredinthedevelopmentofautomation

C.itisnecessarytoslowdownthedevelopmentofautomation

D.workersshouldbepaidaccordingtotheirlengthofservice

问题5选项

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容“自动化减少了生产过程中的人为因素，包括精神和身体上的因素，旨在使这样一种情况成为可能——用更少的工人生产更多的产品。”由此可推断，工人减少会导致失业率上升，所以这就是自动化所导致的结果。选项D正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.”总的来说，劳动者们认为抵制技术变革是徒劳的。选项D符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段第三句“Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.”从长远来看，自动化的结果很可能会导致就业的增加，因为在制造、维护和维修自动化设备领域将会出现大量的行业。选项B符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句“Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.”工会发言人强调，自动化带来产量增加和成本降低的好处，应该通过提高工资、增加休闲时间和提高生活水平的形式，让工人们共享。也就是说，工人也应该享受自动化带来的好处。选项A符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。根据关键词“newpolicies”定位到最后一段“Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseis...Anotherapproachis...”为了在自动化时代保护工会成员的利益，工会采取了一系列新政策。其中之一是……另一种方法是……。由此可知是个政策，所以选项B正确。

2.单选题

Wehaveto________theroutineexpenditure，otherwiseitwillbeimpossibleforustoaffordacar.

问题1选项

A.decline

B.condense

C.curtail

D.dwindle

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。decline“下降，衰落”；condense“使浓缩”；curtail“缩减，剪短”；dwindle“使缩小，减小”。句意：我们必须缩减日常开支，否则我们不可能买得起一辆车。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Itisalsobelievedthatthesesteroidscouldbeusedtotreatdisorderssuchasacuteanxietyandpremenstrualsyndrome.

问题1选项

A.enmity

B.symptom

C.adversity

D.plaintiff

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.enmity敌意B.symptom症状

C.adversity逆境D.plaintiff原告

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析

【解题思路】原句中划线词受premenstrual“经期前的”修饰，并且与acuteanxiety“急性焦虑”并列；原词syndrome“综合症状”。因此，B选项symptom“症状”与原词最接近，最符合原句句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原句句意。

【句意】人们也认为，这些类固醇可以用于治疗急性焦虑和经前综合症等疾病。

4.单选题

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7to8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16to17hour’swakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin（

）.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-liourworkingsystemseemstobe

（

）.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

问题1选项

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleeping.

问题2选项

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomation

B.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequent

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

问题3选项

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershift

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

问题4选项

A.bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternates

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

问题5选项

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker'sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkersprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出:Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines(这已经不是一个学术的问题。例如，在需要机器24小时连续工作的自动化操作的工业生产中，需要人们从白天工作变为晚上工作的问题变得越来越重要了)。故选C“因为一些工业领域要求上夜班”。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight(通常一个人需要五天至一周的时间来适应与常规生活颠倒的睡眠吋间和猜醒时间，即白天睡觉，晚上工作)以及Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek(不幸的是，在工业生产中，工作班次每星期都变换的事经常发生)。故选B“频繁更换工作吋间的工人的日常生活周期被打乱”。

3.细节事实题。第三段第一句指出:Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers(看来，唯一真正可以解决问题的方法就是将晚班交给一些长期上夜班的工人)。故选C“安排一些人只上夜班”。

4.细节事实题。第四段指出:Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(白天正常工作的人，在其清醒的时间内，体温通常都比较高，但是在夜晚则比较低)。因此选D“人在工作效率高吋，休温都比较高”。

5.判断推理题。根据第四段...itcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection(可以了解到个人是如何快速适应正常时间的颠倒，同时也可成为筛选的基础)以及Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice(然而，到目前为止，这种形式的筛选似乎并没有在实践中得到应用)可知选择永久的夜间值班者仅仅是一种基础的方法，但不是最佳的方法，故选项B错误。根据最后一段Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(了解一个人何时适应的一种方法是测量他的体温。白天正常工作的人在清醒的时候会有高温，晚上会有低温)可知选项A“体温可以作为衡量工人工作的一个指标”正确。根据最后一段Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine(因此，在清醒期间每隔两小时测量一次体温，可以看出一个人能多快地适应一个颠倒的习惯)可知选项C“每隔一段吋间测量体温，可以显示个人是如何适应常规变化”正确。根据第三段Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork(她发现在日班和夜班交替的人中，睡眠障碍和其他障碍的发生率很高，但在长期夜班的人中，这些现象没有异常发生)可知选项D“长期上夜班的或上长白班的人很少出现睡眠被打乱的现象”正确。

5.单选题

“Thereisaweirdpowerinaspokenword,”JosephConradoncesaid.

问题1选项

A.mighty

B.prospective

C.odd

D.formidable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。weird表示“奇怪的，不可思议的”；A项mighty“强有力的”，B项prospective“未来的”，C项odd“古怪的”，D项formidable“令人敬畏的”。句意：约瑟夫•康纳德（JosephConrad）曾经说过：“口头语言拥有神奇的力量。”根据句意可知C项正确。

6.单选题

Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem;fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanuallydrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.

Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp（入口引道）.Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably,bewellrespectedbecausealltrespasserscouldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.

Eitherapproachtojoining,alaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmerging,withouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsautomatedhighways（

）.

2.Aspecial-purposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighway?

4.Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecial-purposelane（

）.

5.Whendrivinginanautomatedlane,thedriver（

）.

问题1选项

A.arebeingplanned

B.arebeingmodified

C.arenowinwideuse

D.areunderconstruction

问题2选项

A.itwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighways

B.itwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiency

C.ithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehicles

D.itoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles

问题3选项

A.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.

B.Acarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystem.

C.Thedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoit.

D.Thedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles.

问题4选项

A.bysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallane

B.bywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevices

C.throughaspeciallyguardedgate

D.afteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved

问题5选项

A.shouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcars

B.doesn’thavetorelyonhiscomputersystem

C.shouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidents

D.doesn’thavetoholdontothesteeringwheel

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard两种不同的类型正处于设计阶段。”可知A项“正在被计划中”正确。

2.细节事实题。由第一段“Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.一个特殊用途的车道系统需要对现有的高速公路进行更广泛的物理改造，但它有望最大限度地提高高速公路的通行能力。”可知特殊用途的车道系统能给高速公路系统带来便利。故B项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第二段“Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.在这两种方案中，司机将指定想要到达的目的地，并在旅程开始时或在到达自动高速公路之前将这些信息提供给车内的计算机。”可知C项“司机开车前应将目的地告知汽车电脑”正确。

4.推理判断题。由第二段“Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp（入口引道）.Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.如果有专用车道，汽车可以通过两种不同的方式进入这些车道并加入现有的车流。一种方法使用一个特殊的斜坡弯道(入口引道)。当司机接近高速公路的入口点时，安装在路边的电子设备将检查车辆，以确定其目的地，并确定其适当的自动化设备处于良好的工作状态。”可知B项“通过带有电子控制装置的斜坡”正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.一旦车辆进入自动驾驶状态，驾驶员就可以自由地松开方向盘，打开晨报或者只是放松一下。”故D项正确。

7.单选题

Ifwouldbedifficultforoneso（）tobeledtobelievethatallmenareequalandthatwemustdisregardrace,color,andcreed.

问题1选项

A.emotional

B.broadminded

C.tolerant

D.intolerant

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。emotional“感情的”；broadminded“愿意听取不同意见的”；tolerant“忍耐的”；intolerant“不能容忍的，偏狭的”。句意：很难让偏狭的人相信众人是平等的，我们拒绝种族、肤色、宗教。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Idon’tthinkJohnsonwillsucceedinhisnewjob,forheisnot（

）todothattypeof

work.

问题1选项

A.compatible

B.convenient

C.consistent

D.competent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。compatible“兼容的，能共处的”；convenient“方便的”；consistent“始终如一的，一致的”；competent“能胜任的，有能力的”。句意：我认为约翰逊的新工作不会成功，因为他不能胜任这份工作。becompetentto“胜任······”，所以选项D符合题意。

9.案例题

Everybodywastestime.Insteadofdoinghishomework,theschoolboywatchestelevision.Insteadofwritingheressaythestudentgoesoutwithherfriends.Theyallhavegoodintentions,buttheykeepputtingoffthemomentwhentheymuststartwork.Asaconsequence,theybegintofeelguilty,andthenwasteevenmoretimewishingtheyhadnotallowedthemselvestobedistracted.

Whensomeoneelseisorganizingourtimeforus,asforinstanceduringlessonsorworkinghours,wedonotnecessarilyworkmoreefficiently,butatleastwearesubjecttothedisciplineofaroutine.Itiswhenweareresponsiblefororganizingourowntimethattheneedforself-disciplinearises.

Iknowtwowriterswhoseemtoworkinquitedifferentways.Bobisextremelymethodical.Hearrivesathisofficeat9a.m.andiscreativeuntil12:30.At2p.m.hereturnstohisdeskandiscreativeuntil5p.m.,whenhegoeshomeandswitchesoffuntilthefollowingmorning.Alan,ontheotherhand,worksininspiredbursts,oftenmissingmealsandsleepinordertogethisideasdownonpaper.Suchperiodsofintenseactivityareusuallyfollowedbydayswhenhepottersaroundhisflat,listeningtoMozartandflickingthroughmagazines.

Theirplacesofworkreflecttheirstyles.Bob'sbooksareneatlyarrangedontheshelves;hecanalwaysfindthebookshewants.Alan,ontheotherhand,hasbooksandmagazinesallovertheplace.Theyareabouteverysubjectunderthesun,mostlyunconnectedwithhiswork.Allthesamehehasaknackofmakinguseoftheunlikelyinformationtoilluminatehisbooks.

1.Peopleoftenwastetheirtimeby（）.

2.Self-disciplineisneededwhenone（）.

3.WhydoestheauthorsayBobisextremelymethodical?

4.Alanoftengoeswithoutmealsandsleepwhen（）.

5.Alanreadsagreatvarietyofbooksandmagazines,sothat（）.

【答案】1.sparfortime.

2.arrangetimeforhimself.

3.BecauseBobalwaysarrangeswellwithhisdailyscheduleandworkingtools.

4.Allenneedstoburstintothoughtsandrecorditdown,hedoesn'teatnorsleep.

5.sparkinspiration.

【解析】1.根据第一段的第四句"Theyallhavegoodintentions,buttheykeepputtingoffthemomentwhentheymuststartwork."人们通过拖延时间而浪费时间。

2.根据第二段的最后一句"Itiswhenweareresponsiblefororganizingourowntimethattheneedforself-disciplinearises."当我们组织自己的时间时,自律的产生就很有必要了。

3.根据第三段的内容可知：Bob的生活特别规律,他把自己的作息时间和工作安排的井并有条,所以作者说鲍勃是一个非常有条理的人。

4.根据第三段的倒数第二句"Alan,ontheotherhand,worksininspiredbursts,oftenmissingmealsandsleepinordertogethisideasdownonpaper."艾伦的作品灵感迸发,经常为了把自己的想法写在纸上而错过吃饭和睡觉。

5.根据最后一段的最后一句"Allthesamehehasaknackofmakinguseoftheunlikelyinformationtoilluminatehisbooks."尽管如此,他还是有办法利用这些不太可能的信息来照亮他的书。也就是说以便激发灵感。

10.单选题

Peoplearecriticizingtheeconomicpoliciesthathave____thedeclineofmanufacturingindustry.

问题1选项

A.assessed

B.accepted

C.accessed

D.accelerated

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.assessed对……进行评估B.accepted接受；相信

C.accessed接近；进入D.accelerated加速；促进

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：人们对……制造业衰退的经济政策提出了批评。根据逻辑，因为是人们批评的，所以应该是人们认为有些经济政策会不利于制造业的发展，可能会加速制造业的衰退，对于这些经济政策人们提出批评。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】人们对加速制造业衰退的经济政策提出了批评。

11.单选题

Healwayshasalotof（）ideasinhismind,andsometimeswedonotevenknowwhatheisthinkingabout.

问题1选项

A.novel

B.spoil

C.acceptable

D.additional

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。novel“新奇的，异常的”；spoil“掠夺”；acceptable“可接受的”；additional“另外的”。句意：他经常有许多新奇的想法，有时候我们甚至不知道他在想什么。A项符合题意。

12.翻译题

Passage1

对于阿尔茨海默(Alzheimer’s)病来说,那是个重要的星期。美国公共广播公司(PBS)播出了一部有关阿尔茨海默病的优秀纪录片《遗忘》。此外,科学界喜讯频传,给众多与病魔做斗争的家庭以及即可能患病的生育高峰出生的一代带来了希望。虽然目前还没有治愈的办法,但科学家们在若干前沿领域的研宄取得了新的成果。包括大剂量服用维生素；联合治疗和大脑成像技术等。

Passage2

渴望提高效率的人们总是以克服浪费时间的习惯作为起点,但我却认为那是错误的。培养个人习惯来的要慢一些,首先要明确目的。如果你没有明确目的,只是尝试用高效的习惯去排挤无效的习惯,那结果只有失败。你需要一个宏大的,有吸引力的目标来激发自己。能从工作时间时挤出15分钟的原因,就是因为你由于更好的利用这15分钟产生的激情。

Passage3

1957年发射的第一颗人造卫星使美国大为震惊,并促使他们釆取行动。在这一过程中,美国人提出了卫星导航系统的构想,并称其为GPS。它彻底地解决了在地球这个三维空间中如何确定位置的问题。GPS技术己被用于各种活动,但其最高机密是其作为钟表的价值。和银行、电讯、甚至电力网等相关的对时间要求较高的一些作业己越来越依赖GPS。

ChooseONLYONEpassagefromthefollowingpassageandtranslateitaswellasyoucan.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.Ifmorethanonetranslationappearsonyouranswersheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored.

【答案】13.单选题

Onemoretry,（

）youwillsucceed.

问题1选项

A.or

B.but

C.so

D.and

【答案】D

【解析】考查逻辑连词。or表示选择关系，but表转折关系，so常用来连接表示因果关系的句子，and表示并列关系。此句中前后句为并列顺延的关系。句意：再试一次，你就会成功。故D项正确。

14.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish

电子邮件对我们职业生涯和个人生活的影响非同一般。相隔千里的人们可以在短短的几秒钟之内发送并接受详尽的文件资料。这就使得人们能够以一种前所未有的方式齐心协力，共同承担大量的工程项目。通过电子邮件与国外的人通信、交换文件已成为司空见惯的事情。唯一的障碍是时区的不同。

【答案】Theeffectofe-mailonourcareerandpersonallifeisextraordinary.Peoplethousandsofmileswayawayfromeachcansendandreceivedetaileddocumentswithinjustafewseconds.Thisallowpeopletoworktogetherandjointlyundertakeagreatdealofprojectsinanunprecedentedway.Ithasbecomeacommonpracticetocommunicateandexchangefileswithpeopleoverseasbye-mail.Theonlyobstacleisthedifferenceintimezones.

15.翻译题

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultowoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.

Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.

【答案】虽然魅力对于男性晋升是一个积极因素，但对女性却是不利因素。人们认为英俊的男性高管要比相貌平平的男性更正直;而且认为他们付出的努力和自身的能力使得他们成功。有魅力的女性高管却被认为没有无吸引力的高管正直，她们取得成功不是归因于能力，而是运气等因素。

所有无魅力的女高管要比有魅力的要正直，也更有能力。有趣的是，尽管如此，与有吸引力的女高管一夜取得成功相比，越来越多的无吸引力的女高管更多地因人际关系，较少因能力而获得成功。

16.单选题

Topicsofconversationshouldbe（）totheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudents.

问题1选项

A.rigid

B.rigorous

C.relevant

D.remarkable

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。rigid严格的，死板的；rigorous严格的，严酷的；relevant相关的，常与介词to搭配，意为与……相关；remarkable卓越的，非凡的。只有relevant能与句中的to搭配。句意：对话的主题应该与学生的经历和兴趣相关。选项C符合句意。

17.单选题

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain’sneural（祌经的）networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”，heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatth