考研考博-英语-徐州医科大学考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-徐州医科大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.问答题

Indealingwithastudentwhoisactingaggressivelytowardhisclassmates,youwanttosendastrongmessagethataggressivebehaviorwillnotbetoleratedinyourclassroom.Inaddition,youwanttohelphimdevelopmoreappropriatewaysofsettlingdisputeswithhispeers.

Iftwoelementaryschoolstudentsareengagedinafight,useastrongloudvoicetostopit.Ifthatdoesn’twork,youmightsaysomethingodd(“Lookup!Theceilingisfalling!”)todiverttheirattention.Iftheystilldon’tstopandyoucan’tseparatethem,sendastudenttotheofficetogethelp.Ifacrowdofchildrenisgathering,insistthattheymoveawayorsitdown,perhapsclappingyourhandstogettheirattention:(1)Aftertheincidentisover,meetwiththecombatantstogethersotheycangiveyoutheirversionsofwhathappenedandyoucanhelpthemresolveanylingeringproblems.Alsonotifytheparents.

Speakinafirm,no-nonsensemannertostopastudent’saggressivebehavior:usephysicalrestraintasalastresort.Whenrespondingtothestudent,payattentiontoyourverbalaswellasnon-verballanguage.Evenifheisyellingatyou,staycalm.Allowhimtoexpresswhatheisupsetaboutwithoutinterruptinghimandthenacknowledgehisfeelings.Avoidcrossingyourarms,pointingafingerormakingthreats:(2)anyofthoseactionscouldintensifyhisangerandstiffenhisresistance.

Youmightconcludethatastudent’saggressivebehaviorwarrantsseparatinghimfromtherestoftheclass,eithertosendhimastrongmessagethatwhathedidmeritsaseriousconsequenceortoprotecttheotherstudents.Youcandothatbygivinghimatimeoutinclassorbysendinghimtotheoffice.

Althoughhemightexpectyoutoreact(3)punitively,surprisehimbyreactingsupportively.Expressyourconfidencethathecanresolveproblemswithoutbeinghurtfultohispeers.Tellhimthatyouthinkhemustbeupsetaboutsomethingtolosecontrolashedidandyouwanttounderstandwhatmightbebotheringhim.Ifhedoesopenuptoyou,listenattentivelywithoutinterrupting.(4)Speakinginacalmvoice,tellhimthatyouunderstandwhyhewasupset,butstressthathehastofindawaytoexpresshisangerwithwordsratherthanwithhishands.

Youdon’twanttoforceanaggressivestudenttosayheissorrybecausethatmightfuelhisanger,however,youdowanttostronglyencouragehimtomakeamendswiththestudenthehit.(5)Ifheiswillingtodothat,itwillhelpsoothehurtfeelingsandavoidfutureconflicts.

【答案】答：

1.Youneedtochatwithcombatantsengagedinthefightsoonafterwards,toknowthedetaileddescriptionofincidentsandhelptoreconcilethebothside,andinformtheirparents.

2.Anycriticalspeechandactivitywillintensifyaggressivestudent’sangerandstiffenhisresistance.

3.involvingpunishment

4.Speakingtohimcalmlytotellyourunderstandingabouthisupset,youstressthatheshouldlearntoexpressintenseemotionwithwordsratherthanwithfightingways.

5.Onceanaggressivestudentiswillingtosaysorrywithoutinstruction,itwillhelpsoothothers’hurtfeelingandavoidfutureconflicts.

【解析】1.原文句意是：事件结束后，与打架的双方学生见面，让他们告诉你发生了什么，帮助他们化解相互之间的矛盾，同时还要通知家长。通过分析原文句子，该句的意思是两层：一是在打架后和学生谈话并了解情况，二是通知家长。故该句子可以改写为Youneedtochatwithcombatantsengagedinthefightsoonafterwards,toknowthedetaileddescriptionofincidentsandhelptoreconcilethebothside,andinformtheirparents（你需要和打架同学交谈，了解事件的详情，帮助调解双方，并告知他们的父母）。

2.原文句意是：任何这些行为都可能加剧他的愤怒和加强他的抵抗。根据原文可知原句中的thoseactions指的是上文所提到的行为，上文提到Evenifheisyellingatyou,staycalm.（即使他对你大喊大叫，你也要保持冷静）和Avoidcrossingyourarms,pointingafingerormakingthreats（避免交叉双臂，用手指或威胁），由此可知，thoseactions指的是言语和动作上的行为，所以该句可以扩充改写为Anycriticalspeechandactivitywillintensifyaggressivestudent’sangerandstiffenhisresistance（任何批评性的言论和活动都会加剧好斗学生的愤怒，加强他们的反抗）。

3.原文中这个词语的意思是“惩罚地”；整个句子的意思是：虽然他可能期望你的反应是惩罚性的，但让他惊讶的是你的反应是支持的。这里可以把punitively副词形式改写为非谓语动词形式involvingpunishment（设计惩罚）。

4.原文句意是：用平静的声音告诉他，你理解他为什么难过，但强调他必须用语言来表达愤怒，而不是用手。原文的clam（冷静的）可以改为副词，即calmly（冷静地）；anger（愤怒）可以换一种说法，即intenseemotion（强烈的感情）；那么整个句子就是Speakingtohimcalmlytotellyourunderstandingabouthisupset,youstressthatheshouldlearntoexpressintenseemotionwithwordsratherthanwithfightingways（平静地和他说话，告诉他你理解他的难过，强调他应该学会用语言而不是用争斗的方式表达强烈的情感）。

5.原文句意是：如果他愿意这样做，这将有助于安抚受伤的感情，避免未来的冲突。这个句子我们要理解原句中that所指代的内容；原文最后一段第一句提到youdowanttostronglyencouragehimtomakeamendswiththestudenthehit.（你确实想要强烈鼓励他向他打过的学生赔罪），由此可知，that所指代的内容就是鼓励学生道歉；那么这个句子可以解释为Onceanaggressivestudentiswillingtosaysorrywithoutinstruction,itwillhelpsoothothers’hurtfeelingandavoidfutureconflicts（一旦一个好斗的学生愿意在没有得到指导的情况下说对不起，这将有助于缓解他人受到的伤害，避免未来的冲突）。

2.单选题

Thetownwas（

）afterfiftyyears.

问题1选项

A.exclusive

B.subsequent

C.invariable

D.resolute

【答案】C

【解析】exclusive独有的，排外的；subsequent后来的，随后的；invariable不变的；resolute坚决的，果断的。句意：五十年后，这个城镇还是老样子。选项C符合句意。

3.单选题

Thegovernmentistryingto（

）thepeopleintothinkingthatawarisnecessary.

问题1选项

A.enlighten

B.involve

C.orient

D.brainwash

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。brainwash…into“把思想强行灌输给……，强迫……相信”。句意：政府正试图给人洗脑让人们相信战争是必要的。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Tourismdevelopsculture.Itbroadensthethinkingofthetravelerandleadstoculture（1）betweenthehostsandguestsfromfar-offplaces.Thiscanbenefitthelocals,sincetouristsbringculture（2）them.

Tourismmayhelptopreserveindigenouscustoms,（3）traditionalshows,parades,celebrationsandfestivalsareputonfortourists.Themusicals,playsandseriousdramaofLondontheatresandotherkindsofnightlifeare（4）supportedbytourists.Sucheventsmightdisappearwithoutthestimulusoftourismto（5）them.

Ontheotherhand,tourismoftencontributestothedisappearanceoflocaltraditionsandfolklore.Churches,templesandsimilarplacesofworshipare（6）astouristattractions.Thiscanbe（7）theexpenseoftheiroriginalfunction:howmanybelieverswanttoworshipinthemiddleofaflowofatheistinvaders?Whowouldwanttopray（8）curiousonlookersshuffletoandfrowithguidebooks,ratherthanprayerbooks,intheirhands?

Tourismmaybringotherindirectculturalconsequencesinits（9）.Tensionswhichalreadyexistbetweenancientandmoremodernwaysmaybedeepenedbytourists’ignoranceof（10）customsandbeliefs.Tourists,ifnotactuallyricher,oftenseemmorewell-offthannatives.Theformermaythereforefeelsuperior,（11）thelatterembarrassedabouttheirlifestyles.Theresultmaybeaninferiorfeelingwhich（12）helpsthesenseofidentitywhichissoimportanttoregionalculture.Thepovertyofalocalitycanlookevenworsewhen（13）withthecomfortablehotelenvironmentinhabitedbytourists.ProsperousretiredorelderlytouristsfromBritain,wheretheaveragelifeexpectancyis75years,maywell（14）resentmentinSierraLeone,wherethelocalpopulationcanexpecttolivetonomorethan41years.Therelativeprosperityoftouristsmay（15）crime.InGambia,unemployedyoungpeopleoffertoactas“professionalfriends”—guides,companionsorsexualpartnersinreturnformoney.Whenthetourismseasonisover,theycannolongergetwagesthatwaysothey（16）topettystealingfromthelocalpopulace.Allthisaffectsthelocalsociallifeandculture（17）.

Culturalerosioncanalsotakeplaceatmore（18）levels.Greekvillagerstraditionally（19）themselvesontheirhospitality.Theywould（20）travelersforfree,feedingthemandlisteningtotheirstories.Totakemoneywouldhavebeenadisgrace.Thathaschangednow.Touristsexisttobeexploited.Perhapsthisishardlysurprisingiftheearningsfromoneroomrentedtoatouristcanexceedateacher’smonthlysalary.

问题1选项

A.conflict

B.contact

C.concern

D.constraint

问题2选项

A.with

B.to

C.over

D.by

问题3选项

A.likethat

B.ifwhen

C.asif

D.aswhen

问题4选项

A.largely

B.extremely

C.positively

D.totally

问题5选项

A.entertain

B.retain

C.maintain

D.pertain

问题6选项

A.considered

B.taken

C.treated

D.made

问题7选项

A.for

B.at

C.in

D.to

问题8选项

A.how

B.that

C.while

D.when

问题9选项

A.sake

B.wake

C.sense

D.cost

问题10选项

A.regional

B.native

C.territorial

D.local

问题11选项

A.making

B.allowing

C.ignoring

D.leaving

问题12选项

A.hardly

B.seldom

C.usually

D.sometimes

问题13选项

A.compared

B.contrasted

C.related

D.associated

问题14选项

A.generate

B.produce

C.make

D.leave

问题15选项

A.increase

B.enhance

C.encourage

D.ascend

问题16选项

A.go

B.turn

C.alter

D.change

问题17选项

A.hostilely

B.reciprocally

C.conversely

D.adversely

问题18选项

A.minor

B.small

C.subtle

D.micro

问题19选项

A.prided

B.famed

C.sang

D.claimed

问题20选项

A.puton

B.putup

C.putdown

D.putoff

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:D

第9题:B

第10题:D

第11题:D

第12题:A

第13题:B

第14题:A

第15题:C

第16题:B

第17题:D

第18题:C

第19题:A

第20题:B

【解析】1.考查名词辨析。conflict矛盾，冲突；contact交流，联系；concern关心，在意；constraint限制。句意：使主人和来自远方的客人之间产生文化联系。选项B符合句意。

2.

考查固定搭配。bringsth.withsb.为固定搭配，意为“随身携带某物”。句意：旅游者带来的文化使当地居民受益。选项A符合句意。

3.

考查固定搭配。aswhen可以表示举例，意为“比如……的时候”，句意：正如传统展示的阅兵、庆祝仪式和节日会演都是给旅行者看的。选项D符合句意。

4.

考查副词辨析。largely“大量地，主要地”；extremely“极端地”；positively“肯定地”；totally“完全地”。句意：伦敦剧场的音乐剧、戏剧以及其他各种夜生活主要为旅行人士所支持。选项A符合句意。

5.

考查动词辨析。entertain娱乐；retain保留；maintain保持；pertain属于，关于；句意：如若没有旅游业的刺激来维持这些事件，那他们可能都会消失。选项C符合句意。

6.考查固定搭配。considered考虑；taken带走；treated对待；made使，让。betreatedas“被作为……，视为……”。句意：教堂、寺庙…等地被视为旅游景点。选项C符合句意。

7.考查固定搭配。attheexpenseof“以……为代价”。句意：以其原始功能为代价。选项B符合句意。

8.

考查连词辨析。句意：当好奇的旁观者们翻阅旅游手册时，谁会想要去祈祷呢？while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。选项D符合句意。

9.

考查形容词词义辨析。insake“为了”；inwake“醒来”；insense“在某种意义上”；incost“在成本上”。句意：旅游业可能会带来间接文化后果的觉醒和复苏。选项B符合句意。

10.

考查形容词辨析。regional地区的，区域的；native本国的，地道的；territorial领土的，土地的；local地方的。句意：加深了游客们对当地风俗和信仰的忽视。选项D符合句意。

11.考查动词辨析。making让……，使……；allowing允许；ignoring忽略；leaving遗留，留下；句意：前者可能因此感到优越，而他们的生活方式留给后者的却是尴尬。选项D符合句意。

12.

考查副词辨析。hardly意为“几乎不”或者“刚刚”，表程度；seldom意为“很少”，表频率。usually“经常”；sometimes“有时”；句意：这一结果可能是会让人感觉低人一等，它几乎无益于唤起认同感。选项A符合句意。

13.

考查搭配。compared比较；contrasted对比；related相关，关联；associated联系。contrastwith“把……与……对比”；句意：当与游客们居住的舒适酒店环境作对比时。选项B符合句意。

14.

考查动词辨析。generate产生；produce生产，产出；make使，让；leave遗留，留下。句意：平均寿命75岁的英国游客可能会对SierraLeone产生憎恨。选项A符合句意。

15.

考查动词辨析。increase增加；enhance加强；encourage鼓励；ascend上升。句意：旅游的相对繁荣可能会鼓励犯罪。选项C符合句意。

16.

考查固定搭配。turnto“转向……”。句意：当旅游季节结束，他们不能再得到工资，所以他们转向偷窃当地民众。选项B符合句意。

17.

考查副词辨析。hostilely“敌对地”；reciprocally“相互地”；conversely“相反地”；adversely“不利地”。句意：当地的社会生活和文化产生不利影响。选项D符合句意。

18.

考查形容词辨析。minor较小的；small小的；subtle精细的；micro微小的。句意：文化腐蚀也能在更精细的水平上产生。选项C符合句意。

19.

考查固定搭配。prideon“为……自豪，得意于……”。句意：一般而言，希腊村民们因其热情好客而自豪。选项A符合句意。

20.

考查固定搭配。puton穿上，上演，增加；putdown镇压，记下，贬低；putoff推迟，扔掉，阻止；putup意为“提供食宿”。句意：他们会免费给旅行者们提供食宿。

5.不定项选择题

Asfifteen-year-oldPerryshuffledintomyoffice,withhisparentstrailingtentativelybehind,heglancedatmewithastrainedneutralexpressionthatI’dfoundusuallymaskedeithergreatangerorgreatdistress;inPerry’scaseitwasboth.Althoughanorexia(厌食症)isadisordermostoftenassociatedwithgirls,PerrywasthethirdinalineofanorexicboysIhadrecentlyseen.

Perryrefusedtoeatwithhisfamily,alwaysclaiminghewasn’thungryatthetimeandthathepreferredtoeatlaterinhisroom.Newmenus,gentleencouragement,veiledthreats,nagging,andoutrightbribeshadallbeentried,tonoavail.Whywouldanotherwisehealthyfifteen-year-oldboybestarvinghimself?Thequestionhungurgentlyintheairaswealltalked.

Let’sbeclearfromtheoutset:Perrywasasmart,goodkid,shy,unassuming,andgenerallyunlikelytocausetrouble.HewasgettingstraightA’sinachallengingandcompetitivepublicschoolhonorscurriculumthatspring.Andhelatertoldmethathehadn’tgottenaBonhisreportcardsincefourthgrade,insomewayshewaseveryparent’sdreamchild.

Butbeneathhisacademicsuccess,Perryfacedaworldoftroubles.OnebigproblemwasthatwhilePerrywasastrongachiever,hewasnotatallahappyone.“Ihatewakingupinthemorningbecausethere’sallthisstuffIhavetodo,”hesaid.“Ijustkeepmakinglistsofthingstodoandcheckingthemoffeachday.Notjustschoolwork,butextracurricularactivities,soIcangetintoagoodcollege.”

Perrywasgiftedenoughtojumpthroughtheacademichoopsthathadbeensetforhim,butitfeltlikelittlemorethanhoop-jumping,andthisateathim.Butthatwasn’thisonlyproblem.

Perrywaswell-lovedbyhisparents,asaremostoftheyoungpeoplewesee.Butintheireffortstonurtureandsupporthim,hisparentsinadvertentlyincreasedhismentalstrain.Overtime,theyhadtakenonallhishouseholdchores,inordertoleavehimmoretimeforschoolworkandactivities.“That’shistoppriority,”theysaidalmostinunisonwhenIaskedaboutthis.AlthoughremovingthechoresfromPerry’splategavehimabitmoretime,itultimatelylefthimfeelingevenmoreuselessandtense.Heneverreallydidanythingforanyoneexceptsuckuptheirtimeandmoney,andheknewit.Andifhethoughtaboutbackingoffonhisschoolworkwell,lookhowmuchhisparentswerepouringintomakingitgowell.Sandwichedbetweenfuryandguilt,Perryhadliterallybeguntowither.

1.Thispassageisnarratedfromthepointofviewof________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,Perry’stwobiggestproblemswere________.

3.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

4.Theword“inadvertently”(Para.6)mostnearlymeans“________”.

问题1选项

A.aprofessorstudyingtheeffectsofovereatingonyoungmales

B.aconcernedtherapistwhoworkswithstrugglingyoungadults

C.adoctorwhotreatseating,compulsiveandsleepingdisorders

D.acollegestudentworkingonathesisabouteatingdisorders

问题2选项

A.beinganunhappyachieverandtheaddedmentalstrainfromhisparents

B.hispoorattitudetowardschoolandhisfeelingofwastingtimeandmoney

C.hisfuryandguilt

D.drugabuseandconflictwithinhisfamily

问题3选项

A.analyzepossiblereasonswhyayoungpersonmayhaveaneatingdisorder

B.compareoneyoungperson’sspecialproblemstothoseofatypicalteenager

C.relateanemotionalreactiontotheshockofaneatingdisorder

D.explainhowtoday’syouthoftendevelopeatingdisorders

问题4选项

A.steadily

B.incrementally

C.mistakenly

D.surreptitiously

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。根据题干定位到第一段第一句…heglancedatmewithastrainedneutralexpressionthatI’dfoundusuallymaskedeithergreatangerorgreatdistress;inPerry’scaseitwasboth.（……他带着一种紧张的、不露声色的表情看了我一眼，我发现这种表情通常要么掩盖着巨大的愤怒，要么掩盖着巨大的痛苦；在佩里的案例中，两者都是。）最后一段最后一句话Sandwichedbetweenfuryandguilt,Perryhadliterallybeguntowither.（在愤怒和内疚的夹缝中，佩里已经开始变得虚弱了。）由此判断答案选B“一位治疗处于困境的年轻人的专家”。C选项“治疗饮食睡眠不规律的医生”；D选项“在写关于饮食不规律论文的大学生”文章没有提及。A选项“研究男性暴饮暴食相关影响的专家”，作者是治疗厌食症的医生，所以A选项错误。

第2题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到OnebigproblemwasthatwhilePerrywasastrongachiever,hewasnotatallahappyone.（有一个问题就是虽然佩里是一个赢家获得了很多成就，但他一点也不快乐。）最后一段第二句…hisparentsinadvertentlyincreasedhismentalstrain.（他的父母无意中增加了他的精神负担。）所以这题选A选项“一个不开心的赢家和来自父母的精神压力”。B选项“他对待学校的消极态度以及浪费时间和金钱的感觉”和D选项“延误滥用和家庭矛盾”文章没有提及；C选项“愤怒和愧疚”这个是佩里的两种情绪并不是佩里的问题所在。

第3题:主旨大意题。A选项“分析为什么一个年轻人有进食障碍”。B选项“比较让一个年轻人的特殊情况与那些普通年轻人的特殊情况相比较”；C选项“把情绪反应和进食障碍带来的冲击联系起来”D选项“解释为什么今天的年轻人经常出现进食障碍”。整篇文章都在分析佩里的症状出现的原因并没有和其他年轻人做比较，所以答案选A。

第4题:词汇推断题。A选项“渐渐地”；B选项“递增地”；C选项“错误地”；D选项“偷偷地，秘密地”。定位到最后一段第一句话Perrywaswell-lovedbyhisparents（佩里被自己的父母深切地热爱着）和最后一段二句话…hisparentsinadvertentlyincreasedhismentalstrain.（他的父母无意中增加了他的精神负担），从这里可知，佩里的父母是爱自己的孩子的，不会故意在佩里状态已经很不好的时候来增加佩里的负担，所以答案应该选C。

6.单选题

Manyprivateinstitutionsofhighereducationaroundthecountryareindanger.Notallwillbesaved,andperhapsnotalldeservetobesaved.Therearelow-qualityschoolsjustastherearelow-qualitybusinesses.Wehavenoobligationtosamethemsimplybecausetheyexist.

Butmanythrivinginstitutionsthatdeservetocontinuearethreatened.Theyaredoingafinejobeducationally,buttheyarecaughtinafinancialsqueeze,withnowwaytoreducerisingcostorincreaserevenuessignificantly.Raisingtuitiondoesn’tbringinmorerevenue,foreachtimetuitiongoesup,theenrollmentgoesdown,ortheamountthatmustbegivenawayinstudentaidgoesup.Schoolsarebadbusinesses,whetherpublicorprivate,notusuallybecauseofmismanagementbutbecauseofthenatureoftheenterprise.Theylosemoneyoneverycustomer,andtheycangobankrupteitherfromtoofewstudentsortoomanystudents.Evenaverygoodcollegeisaverybadbusiness.

Itissuchcolleges,thrivingbutthreatened,Iworryaboutlowenrollmentisnottheirchiefproblem.Evenwithfullenrollments,theymaygounder.Effectstosavethemandpreferablytokeepthemprivate,arenationalnecessities.Thereisnobasisforarguingthatprivateschoolsareinherentlybetterthanpublicschools.Examplestothecontraryabound.Anyonecannamestateuniversitiesandcollegesthatrankasthefinestinthenationandtheworld.Itisnowinevitablethatpublicinstitutionswillbedominant,andthereforediversityisanationalnecessity.Diversityinthewaywesupportschoolstendstogiveusahealthydiversityintheformsofeducation.Inanimperfectsocietysuchasours,uniformityofeducationthroughoutthenationcouldbedangerous.Inanimperfectsociety,diversityisapositivegood.Ardentsupportersofpublichighereducationknowtheimportanceofsustainingprivatehighereducation.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,schoolsarebadbusinessbecauseof（

）.

2.Theauthorusedthephrase“gounder”inthethirdparagraphtomean（

）.

3.Wehavereasonablyconcludefromthepassagethattheauthormadeanappealtothepublicinordertosupport

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

问题1选项

A.mismanagement

B.toofewstudents

C.toomanystudents

D.thenatureofschools

问题2选项

A.getintodifficulties

B.havelowenrollment

C.havelowtuition

D.bringinmoremoney

问题3选项

A.publicinstitutions

B.privateschools

C.uniformityofeducation

D.equalityofeducation

问题4选项

A.High-qualityprivateschoolsdeservetobesaved.

B.Ifthetuitionisraised,theenrollmentgoesdown.

C.Therearemanycasesthatpublicschoolsarebetterthanprivateschools.

D.Privateschoolshavemoremoneythanpublicschools.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。从文章第二段倒数第三句‘Schoolsarebadbusinesses,whetherpublicorprivate,notusuallybecauseofmismanagementbutbecauseofthenatureoftheenterprise.’可知，不论是公立还是私立，经营学校都是一件失败的生意，这不总是因为管理不善，而是因为办企业的本质。再根据文章下一句“Theylosemoneyoneverycustomer,andtheycangobankrupteitherfromtoofewstudentsortoomanystudents.学校在每一位消费者身上都会赔钱，太少或者太多的生源都会迫使学校走向破产。"所以说学校是一桩赔本的买卖是由学校的本质所决定的。D选项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据文章第三段前两句“Itissuchcolleges,thrivingbutthreatened,Iworryaboutlowenrollmentisnottheirchiefproblem.Evenwithfullenrollments,theymaygounder.正是这样的大学，欣欣向荣却岌岌可危，我担心入学率低并不是他们的首要问题。即使是全额注册，他们也可能会倒闭。”确定第三段讲述的是学校是如何入不敷出、经营不善的。A选项符合题意。

3.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段倒数第五句和倒数第二句“Inanimperfectsociety,diversityisapositivegood.Itisnowinevitablethatpublicinstitutionswillbedominant,andthereforediversityisanationalnecessity.在一个不完美的社会里，多样化是一件积极的好事。公共机构将占主导地位，这是不可避免的，因此多样化是国家的需要。”确定作者并不倾向于哪一种性质的学校，他提倡的是教育的多样性，即教育的平等性。D选项符合题意。

4.判断推理题。从第一段第二、三句“Notallwillbesaved,andperhapsnotalldeservetobesaved.Therearelow-qualityschoolsjustastherearelow-qualitybusinesses.不是每一所学校都能被拯救，也不是每一所学校都值得呗拯救。质量低劣的学校就像经营不善的生意一样存在着。”推断A选项‘只有那些办学质量高的学校才值得被拯救’正确；根据文章第二段第三句“foreachtimetuitiongoesup,theenrollmentgoesdown因为每一次伴随着学费的升高，入学率就会下降”推断B选项‘如果学费上涨，入学率就会下降。’正确。再根据文章第三段第四、五、六句“Thereisnobasisforarguingthatprivateschoolsareinherentlybetterthanpublicschools.Examplestothecontraryabound.Anyonecannamestateuniversitiesandcollegesthatrankasthefinestinthenationandtheworld.没有理由说私立学校天生就比公立学校好，相反的例子比比皆是。任何人都能说出美国和世界上最好的州立大学和学院的名字。”推断C选项‘有的公立学校的办学质量好于私立学校‘正确；D选项说私立学校比公立学校更有钱的说法文章中没有提到。所以本题选D。

7.单选题

Lincoln,whomanyregardasoneofourgreatpresidents,wasoften（

）despitehisreputationoftellinggoodjokes.

问题1选项

A.bright

B.optimistic

C.gloomy

D.cheerful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：林肯被很多人认为是伟大的总统之一，尽管他以幽默闻名，但是他经常比较忧郁。bright“明亮的”；optimistic“乐观的”；gloomy“阴郁的”；cheerful“快乐的，愉快的”。根据despite一词可知空格处的内容与后面的内容形成对比，因此根据句意选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Inaboutonemonth’stime,studentswillsoonfeeltrulyanddeeply________oftheircollege.

问题1选项

A.parts

B.apart

C.part

D.one

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：在大约一个月的时间里，学生们很快就会真正深刻地感受到自己是学校的一部分。当强调某物是一个整体的构成部分时，即强调所属关系时，多用partof。D选项oneof表示“其中之一”，不符合句意。因此答案选C。

9.单选题

Thefootballerscoredwithsuch（

）thatthegoalkeeperdidn’tstandthechanceofsavingthegoal.

问题1选项

A.vein

B.veil

C.vicinity

D.velocity

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项vein“血管”；B选项veil“面纱，面罩”；C选项vicinity“临近，附近”；D选项velocity“速度”。根据关键词“footballer足球运动员”和that后面的句子意思“以至于守门员没有机会挽救进球”，可知空格部分意思为“速度”，句意为：这个足球运动员进球如此快，以至于对方守门员没有机会挽救进球。正确答案选D。

10.单选题

Thefitnessmovementthatbeganinthelate1960sandearly1970scenteredaroundaerobicexercise.Millionsofindividualsbecameengagedinavarietyofaerobicactivities,andliterallythousandsofhealthspasdevelopedaroundthecountrytocapitalizeonthisemerginginterestinfitness,particularlyaerobicdancingforfemales.Anumberoffitnessspasexistedpriortothisaerobicfitnessmovement,evenanationalchainwithspasinmostmajorcities.However,theirfocuswasnotonaerobics,butratheronweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,strength,andenduranceintheirprimarilymaleenthusiasts.Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyfromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits.Inrecentyears,however,weighttraininghasagainbecomeincreasinglypopularformalesandforfemales.Manycurrentprogramsfocusnotonlyondevelopingmuscularstrengthandendurancebutonaerobicfitnessaswell.

Historically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics.However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell.TheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicinenowrecommendsthatweighttrainingbepartofatotalfitnessprogramforhealthyAmericans.IncreasedparticipationinsuchtrainingisoneofthespecificphysicalactivityandfitnessobjectivesofHealthyPeople2000:NationalHealthPromotionandDiseasePreventionObjectives.

1.Theword"spas"(Line3,Para.1)mostprobablyrefersto（

）.

2.Earlyfitnessspaswereintendedmainlyfor

（

）.

3.Whatwastheattitudeofdoctorstowardsweighttraininginhealthimprovement?

4.Peopleweregivenphysicalfitnesstestsinordertofindout

（

）.

5.Recentstudieshavesuggestedthatweighttraining（

）.

问题1选项

A.sportsactivities

B.placesforphysicalexercise

C.recreationcenters

D.athletictrainingprograms

问题2选项

A.thepromotionofaerobicexercise

B.enduranceandmusculardevelopment

C.theimprovementofwomen'sfigures

D.betterperformanceinaerobicdancing

问题3选项

A.Positive.

B.Indifferent

C.Negative

D.Cautious

问题4选项

A.howwelltheycoulddoinathletics.

B.whattheirhealthconditionwaslike

C.whatkindoffitnesscenterwassuitableforthem

D.whethertheywerefitforaerobicexercise

问题5选项

A.hasbecomeanessentialpartofpeople'slife

B.maywellaffectthehealthofthetrainees

C.willattractmorepeopleinthedaystocome

D.contributestohealthimprovementsaswell

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义题。"spas"所在句为::Millionsofindividualsbecameengagedinavarietyofaerobicactivities,andliterallythousandsofhealthspasdevelopedaroundthecountrytocapitalizeonthisemerginginterestinfitness...(随着上百万人投入到有氧操运动中，数以千计的healthspas在全国内发展开来，企图在这场健身热潮中获利)。因此spas应该指某场所,排除A、D。而文章讨论的主题是健身运动而不是娱乐休闲，故答案选项为B项“健身锻炼场所”。

2.细节事实题。第一段指出:theirfocuswasnotonaerobics,butratheronweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,strength,andenduranceintheirprimarilymaleenthusiasts(他们关注的不是有氧运动，而是旨在培养男性爱好者肌肉质量、力量和耐力的重量训练项目),这里的their指的早期健身场所。因此选B“耐力和肌肉发育”。

3.观点态度题。文章指出:Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyfromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits(这些健身场所井没有从这场热潮中获得很好的经济收益因为医学观点认为，体重训练项目对健康的益处很少（就算有的话）)。由此可见，医学观点（也就是医生的观点）对weighttraining的态度应该是非常消极的，可以选择C。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词physicalfitnesstests定位至最后一段:Historically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics(过去，多数健康测试通常包含肌肉力量和耐力项目，这不是出于对健康的考虑，而是因为这些因素与体育竞技成绩相关),因此选A“了解他们在体育竞技中能获得怎样的成绩”。

5.细节事实题。第二段指出:However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell(然而最近有证据表明，主要用来提升肌肉力量和耐力的训练项目对健康也是有好处的)。因此选D“负重训练对健康也是有好处的”。

11.单选题

IcelandliesfarnorthintheAtlantic,withitsnorthernmosttipactually

theArcticCircle.

问题1选项

A.touched

B.touching

C.beingtouched

D.touches

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据前半部分内容可知句子已经有谓语部分，因此空格处不可能再出现谓语形式，因此可知只能选择非谓语动词。再判断出Iceland与ArcticCircle是主动关系，因此选项B符合题意。句意：冰岛位于大西洋北部，最北端与北极圈相接。

12.单选题

Theyoungmanwasatthe_______ofhiscareerwhenhewaskilledinacaraccident.

问题1选项

A.zenith

B.glamour

C.bloom

D.blossom

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。zenith“鼎盛时期”；glamour“魅力”；bloom“开花”；blossom“开花期”。句意：这个年轻人处在事业鼎盛时期，当他死于一场交通事故的时候。选项A符合题意。

13.翻译题

Strangeisoursituationhereuponearth.Eachofuscomesforashortvisit,notknowingwhyyetsometimesseemingtodivineapurpose.

Fromthestandpointofdailylife,however,thereisonethingwedoknow:thatmanishereforthesakeofothermen—aboveallforthoseuponwhosesmileandwell-beingourownhappinessdepends,andalsoforthecountlessunknownsoulswithwhosefateweareconnectedbyabondofsympathy.ManytimesadayIrealizehowmuchmyownouterandinnerlifeisbuiltuponthelaborsofmyfellowmen,bothlivinganddead,andhowearnestlyImustexertmyselfinordertogiveinreturnasmuchasIhavereceived.MypeaceofmindisoftentroubledbythedepressingsensethatIhaveborrowedtooheavilyfromt