考研考博-英语-惠州学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-惠州学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

At18,AshanthiDesilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury.Bornwithanextremelyrareandusuallyfataldisorderthatleftherwithoutafunctioningimmunesystem(the“bubble-boydisease,”namedafteranearliervictimwhowaskeptaliveforyearsinasterileplastictent),shewastreatedbeginningin1990witharevolutionarynewtherapythatsoughttocorrectthedefectatitsverysource,inthegenesofherwhitebloodcells.Itworked.Althoughherlastgene-therapytreatmentwasin1992,sheiscompletelyhealthywithnormalimmunefunction,accordingtooneofthedoctorswhotreatedher,W.FrenchAndersonoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Researchershavelongdreamedoftreatingdiseasesfromhemophiliatocancerbyreplacingmutantgeneswithnormalones.Andthedreamingmaycontinuefordecadesmore.“Therewillbeagene-basedtreatmentforessentiallyeverydisease,”Andersonsays,“within50years.”

It’snotentirelyclearwhymedicinehasbeensoslowtobuildonAnderson’searlysuccess.TheNationalInstitutesofHealthbudgetofficeestimatesitwillspend$432millionongene-therapyresearchin2005,andthereisnoshortageofpromisingleads.Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthatdon’tcausehumandisease.“ThevirusissortoflikeaTrojanHorse,”saysRonaldCrystalofNewYorkPresbyterian/WeillCornellMedicalCollege.“Thecargoisthegene.”

AttheUniversityofPennsylvania’sAbramsonCancerCenter,immunologistCarlJunerecentlytreatedHIVpatientswithageneintendedtohelptheircellsresisttheinfection.AtCornellUniversity,researchersarepursuinggene-basedtherapiesforParkinson’sdiseaseandararehereditarydisorderthatdestroyschildren’sbraincells.AtStanfordUniversityandtheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia,researchersaretryingtofigureouthowtohelppatientswithhemophiliawhotodaymustinjectthemselveswithexpensiveclottingdrugsforlife.Animalexperimentshaveshowngreatpromise.

Butsomehow,thingsgetlostinthetranslationfromlaboratorytopatient.Inhumantrialsofthehemophiliatreatment,patientsshowaresponseatfirst,butitfadesovertime.Andthefieldhasstillnotrecoveredfromthesetbackitsufferedin1999,whenJesseGelsinger,an18-year-oldwithararemetabolicdisorder,diedafterreceivinganexperimentalgenetherapyattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnishedfurtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge.Thissummer,researchersattheSalkInstituteinSanDiegosaidtheyhadcreateda“marathonmouse”byimplantingagenethatenhancesrunningability;already,officialsattheWorldAnti-DopingAgencyarepreparingtotestathletesforsignsof“Genedoping.”Buttheprincipleisthesame,whetheryou’retryingtohelpahealthrunnerrunfasterorallowamuscular-dystrophypatienttowalk.“Everybodyrecognizesthatgenetherapyisaverygoodidea,”saysCrystal.“Andeventuallyit’sgoingtowork.”

41.ThecaseofAshanthiDesilvaismentionedinthetextto____.

42.Anderson’searlysuccesshas____.

43.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

44.Theword“tarnish”(Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans____.

45.Fromthetextwecanseethattheauthorseems____.

问题1选项

A.showthepromiseofgene-therapy

B.giveanexampleofmoderntreatmentforfataldiseases

C.introducetheachievementofAndersonandhisteam

D.explainhowgene-basedtreatmentworks

问题2选项

A.greatlyspeededthedevelopmentofmedicine

B.promisedacuretoevery

C.broughtnoimmediateprogressintheresearchofgene-therapydisease

D.madehimanationalhero

问题3选项

A.Ashanthineedstoreceivegene-therapytreatmentconstantly.

B.Therapeuticgenesarecarriedbyharmlessviruses.

C.Despitethehugefunding,generesearcheshaveshownfewpromises.

D.Gene-dopingisencouragedbyworldagenciestohelpathletesgetbetterscores.

问题4选项

A.affect

B.stain

C.trouble

D.warn

问题5选项

A.troubled

B.pessimistic

C.optimistic

D.uncertain

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】41.目的意图题。题干“文章中提到AshanthiDesilva的案例是为了____”，可定位到原文第1段。本文是围绕“基因治疗”来展开的，开篇第1段就举了AshanthiDesilva通过基因治疗成功的例子。并且本段最后一句“Therewillbeagene-basedtreatmentforessentiallyeverydisease,”Andersonsays,“within50years.”（Anderson说：“未来50年内，几乎所有疾病都会有一种基于基因的治疗方法。”）由此可知，治好AshanthiDesilva的医生Anderson对基因治疗的展望，并且后文接着就写了基因治疗的有关内容。A选项“（为了）展示基因治疗的前景”符合原文和题目要求。B选项“举一个现代治疗致命疾病的例子”，只表述了内容，没有表述举例的目的，排除；C选项“介绍Anderson和他的团队的成就”，没有围绕文章主题，不是举例的目的，排除；D选项“解释基因治疗是如何起作用的”，案例中并未解释基因治疗是如何起作用的，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

42.判断推理题。题干“Anderson的早期成就____”，可定位到原文第2段第1句It’snotentirelyclearwhymedicinehasbeensoslowtobuildonAnderson’searlysuccess.（目前还不完全清楚为什么医学在Anderson早期成功的基础上发展得如此缓慢。）由此可知，在Anderson早期成就的基础上，医学还是发展很慢，C选项“没有给基因治疗疾病的研究带来快速进展”表述正确，A选项“大大加快了医学的发展”表述错误。B选项“承诺了一种治疗一切疾病的良方”，可定位到原文第1段最后一句“Therewillbeagene-basedtreatmentforessentiallyeverydisease,”Andersonsays,“within50years.”（Anderson说：“未来50年内，几乎所有疾病都会有一种基于基因的治疗方法。”）由此可知，他只是说未来几乎每一种疾病都可以有一种基因治疗的方法，但这并不是一定的，也不能说明基因治疗万能的，可以治好一切疾病，B选项表述过于绝对，排除；D选项“使他成为民族英雄”，原文并未提及，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

43.事实细节题。题干“根据课文，下列哪项是正确的？”A选项“Ashanthi需要不断接受基因治疗”，可定位到原文第1段第4句Althoughherlastgene-therapytreatmentwasin1992,sheiscompletelyhealthywithnormalimmunefunction…（尽管她在1992年才接受最后一次基因治疗，她非常健康，免疫功能正常……）由此可知，Ashanthi在1992年接受了最后一次基因治疗，并且已经痊愈，不需要再接受基因治疗。选项表述错误，排除；B选项“治疗性基因由无害的病毒携带”，可定位到原文第2段第3句Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthatdon’tcausehumandisease.（这种治疗性基因通常通过不引起人类疾病的病毒传递。）由此可知，B选项表述正确。C选项“尽管有巨额资金支持，基因研究却没有什么前景”，可定位到第2段第2句TheNationalInstitutesofHealthbudgetofficeestimatesitwillspend$432millionongene-therapyresearchin2005,andthereisnoshortageofpromisingleads.（美国国家卫生研究院估计，2005年，将在基因治疗研究上花费4.32亿美元，而且不乏有前途的研究方向。）由此可知，政府的巨额资金支持的研究项目中有前途光明的研究，说明基因研究还是有前景的，选项表述错误；D选项“世界机构鼓励使用基因兴奋剂来帮助运动员取得更好的成绩”，可定位到原文最后一段倒数第3句already,officialsattheWorldAnti-DopingAgencyarepreparingtotestathletesforsignsof“Genedoping.”（世界反兴奋剂机构的官员已经准备对运动员进行“基因兴奋剂”测试。）由此可知，世界机构对使用基因兴奋剂持否定态度，选项表述错误，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

44.词义推断题。根据题干可定位到原文第4段第4句Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnishedfurtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge.（一些专家担心，如果下一个受益的人不是病人，而是寻求优势的运动员，这个领域将会进一步____。）根据原文中further定位到前一句Andthefieldhasstillnotrecoveredfromthesetbackitsufferedin1999,when…,diedafterreceivinganexperimentalgenetherapy…（该领域至今仍未从1999年的挫折中恢复过来，当时……接受实验性基因治疗后去世。）由此可知1999年的事给基因治疗领域带来了不好的影响，破坏了该领域的名声，所以原文betarnishedfurther应该是指进一步带来不好的影响，进一步破坏基因治疗的声誉。B选项“玷污，败坏名声”最符合原文。A选项“影响”是中性词，不能表达进一步带来坏的影响，排除；C选项“麻烦”、D选项“警告；通知”不符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

45.观点态度题。本文围绕“基因治疗”展开。第1段举Ashanthi接受基因治疗痊愈的例子，说明基因治疗的光明前景；第2段介绍美国政府投入巨额资金进行基因治疗的研究，其中不乏有前途的研究；第3段介绍针对不同疾病的基因治疗研究，并且有很大的希望；前三段可以明显看出作者的态度是乐观的。第4段虽然介绍了两个给基因治疗带来不好影响的例子，但是最后一句“Everybodyrecognizesthatgenetherapyisaverygoodidea,”saysCrystal.“Andeventuallyit’sgoingtowork.”（“每个人都认识到基因疗法是一个非常好的想法，”Crystal说，“最终会成功的。”）由此可知，作者最终还是持乐观态度的。C选项“乐观的”符合原文。A选项“困惑的”、B选项“悲观的”、D选项“不确定的”，均不符合原文，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

2.单选题

Sobadly（

）inthecaraccidentthathehadtostayinhospitalforafewmonths.

问题1选项

A.didheinjure

B.injuredhim

C.washeinjured

D.hewasinjured

【答案】C

【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：他在车祸里伤得太厉害了，以至于他不得不在医院待了几个月。sothat句子中，so位于句首时句子需要部分倒装，B、D排除；答案选C。

3.单选题

Ingeneral,the（

）amountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotalforlivingexpenses.

问题1选项

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项advisable“明智的”；C选项available“可获得的”；D选项applicable“可应用的”。

句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的花费应控制在可支配的生活费的五分之一以内。available其后常接介词for或to构成形容词短语，作后置定语。所以选项C正确。

4.单选题

Themotionpictureoriginatedwhenaseriesofstillphotographwereslicedandviewedinrapidsuccessiontocreatetheillusionofmovementandcontinuity.

问题1选项

A.reduced

B.joined

C.revised

D.titled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。横线单词sliced意为“切下；把……分成部分；将……切成薄片”；A选项“reduced”意为“减少；缩小；使处于；把……分解”；B选项“joined”意为“参加；结合；连接”；C选项“revised”意为“修正；复习；校订”；D选项“titled”意为“加标题于；赋予头衔；把……称为”。句意：电影起源于将一系列静止的照片切成薄片，快速连续地观看，以创造移动和连续性的幻觉。由题干可知，motionpicture（电影）最开始是以一系列静止照片的形式观看，可以推测出应该是将这些照片切成薄片，也就是胶片的样子。由此可知，sliced在此处最可能是“将……切成薄片”的意思，四个选项中reduced具有“缩小，分解”的意思，与此相近。因此A选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Thefirstsettlersfoundsomuchworktodothattheyhadlittletimefornostalgia.

问题1选项

A.leisure

B.nosebleed

C.homesickness

D.hobbies

【答案】C

【解析】句意：第一批移民发现有这么多工作要做，他们没有时间思念家乡。nostalgia意为“怀旧，思乡”。homesickness乡愁。选项C与之意思相近。

6.单选题

Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial（）toitsburningtemperature.

问题1选项

A.beheated

B.isheated

C.wouldheated

D.toheated

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。requirement为主语，所以后面应该使用虚拟语气，后面的动词形式是shoulddo，表示“要求······，其中should是可以省略的。Material与heat之间应该是被动语态，所以应该是shouldbeheated，其中should可以省略，所以选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Wehadintendedtotalkaboutwork,but（

）startedtotalkaboutfootball.

问题1选项

A.continuously

B.unwittingly

C.permanently

D.consistently

【答案】B

【解析】考察副词词义辨析。continuously“继续地”；unwittingly“不知不觉地”；permanently“永久地”；consistently“一致地”。句意：我们原意是打算谈论工作的，但是不知不觉就谈到了足球。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Everybodygetssick.Diseaseandinjurymakeussufferthroughoutourlivesuntilfinallysonicattackonthebodybringsourexistencetoanend.Fortunately,mostofusinmodernindustrializedsocietiescantakerelativelygoodhealthforgrantedmostofthetime.Infact,wetendtofullyrealizetheimportanceofgoodhealthonlywhenweorthoseclosetousbecomeseriouslyill.Atsuchtimeswekeenlyappreciatetheancienttruththathealthisourmostpreciousasset,oneforwhichwemightreadilygiveupsuchrewardsaspower,wealth,orfame.

Becauseillhealthisuniversalproblem,affectingboththeindividualandsociety,thehumanresponsetosicknessisalwayssociallyorganized.Nosocietyleavestheresponsibilityformaintaininghealthandtreatingillhealthentirelytotheindividual.Eachsocietydevelopsitsownconceptsofhealthandsicknessandauthorizescertainpeopletodecidewhoissickandhowthesickshouldbetreated.Aroundthisfocustherearises,overtime,anumberofstandards,values,groups,statuses,androles:inotherwords,aninstitution.Tothesociologist,then,medicineistheinstitutionconcernedwiththemaintenanceofhealthandtreatmentofdisease.

Inthesimplestpre-industrialsocieties,medicineisusuallyanaspectofreligion.Thesocialarrangementsfordealingwithsicknessarcveryelementary,ofteninvolvingonlytworoles:thesickandthehealer.Thelatteristypicallyalsothepriest,whoreliesprimarilyonreligiousceremonies,bothtoidentifyandtotreatdisease:forexample,bonesmaybethrowntoestablishacause,songsmaybeusedtobringaboutacure.Inmodemindustrializedsocieties,ontheotherhand,theinstitutionhasbecomehighlycomplicatedandspecialized,includingdozensofrolessuchasthoseofbrainsurgeon,druggist,andhospitaladministrator,linkedwithvariousorganizationssuchasnursinghomes,insurancecompanies,andmedicalschools.Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtoParagraphI?

2.Theword“authorize”inParagraph2means“（

）.

3.InParagraph2,welearnthatthesociologistregardsmedicineas

（

）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Theauthorofthispassageismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

问题1选项

A.Nowadaysmostpeoplebelievetheycanhavefairlygoodhealth.

B.Humanlifeinvolvesagreatdealofpainandsuffering.

C.Mostofusareawareofthefullvalueofhealth.

D.Ancientpeoplebelievedthathealthwasmoreexpensivethananythingelse.

问题2选项

A.makewayfor

B.givepowerto

C.writeanorderfor

D.makeitpossiblefor

问题3选项

A.asystemwhosepurposeistotreatdiseaseandkeeppeoplehealthy

B.auniversalproblemthataffectseverysociety

C.asocialresponsibilitytotreatillhealth

D.asciencethatfocusesonthetreatmentofdisease

问题4选项

A.Inthepast,bonesmightbeusedtodecidewhypeoplefellill.

B.inpre-industrialsocietiespriestssometimestreatedpatientsbysinging.

C.Modemmedicineissocomplicatedthatsociologynolongerhasaplaceinit.

D.Therewereonlytworolesinanelementarymedicalsystem,thepatientandtheonewhotriedtocurehim.

问题5选项

A.sociologicalaspectsinmedicine

B.medicaltreatmentofdiseases

C.thedevelopmentofmedicalscience

D.theroleofreligioninmedicine

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第一段，下列哪个描述是正确的”。文章第一段提到“疾病和受伤让我们痛苦一生，直到对身体的一些攻击能让我们死去”（Diseaseandinjurymakeussufferthroughoutourlivesuntilfinallysonicattackonthebodybringsourexistencetoanend），选项B“人生有许多痛苦和磨难”符合题意。

2.词义题。题目问的是“第二段中的authorize的意思是……”。文章第二段提到某些人去决定谁生了病，以及决定这些病人被怎样处理（authorizescertainpeopletodecidewhoissickandhowthesickshouldbetreated），选项B“给……以权力”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在第二段中，我们可以得知社会学家将药品作为……”。文章第二段的最后一句“对于社会学家来说，医学是关于维持健康和治疗疾病的一种制度”（Tothesociologist,then,medicineistheinstitutionconcernedwiththemaintenanceofhealthandtreatmentofdisease），选项A“一种以治疗疾病和维持人体健康为目的的体系”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第三段，下列不正确的是……”。文章第三段提到“正因为医学现在是最普遍的、花费多的现代社会机构之一，所以它已经成为社会学家最感兴趣的主题”（Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety），所以选项C“现代医学如此复杂，以至于社会学在其中不再有任何位置”与描述不符合，所以是答案。

5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章作者关心的是……”。文章第三段提到“正因为医学现在是最普遍的、花费多的现代社会机构之一，所以它已经成为社会学家最感兴趣的主题”（Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety），选项A“医学的社会学方面”符合题意。

9.翻译题

Thetrampseemstohavebeenamanofgoodhumorandphilosophictemperament—asindeedvagrantsverycommonlyare.EveryoneelsewasenjoyingChristmas,sohesawnogoodreasonwhyheshouldnotdothesame.Hesubmitted,cheerfullyenough,tobeingtakenawaybythepolice.PerhapshehadhadabetterChristmasthanusual.Hewassenttoprisonforsevendays.Thejudgeawardednocompensationtothechainstoreforthefoodanddrinkourtramphadconsumed.Theyhad,inhisopinion,alreadyreceivedvaluablefreepublicityfromthecoveragethestoryreceivedinthenewspapersandontelevision.

【答案】流浪汉似乎是一个很有幽默感和哲学气质的人——实际上流浪汉通常都是这样的。其他人都在享受圣诞节，所以他觉得没有什么理由不让自己也这么做。他很高兴地让警察把他带走了。也许他圣诞节过得比平时好。他被关进监狱7天。对于我们的流浪汉吃的食物和饮料，法官没有判给连锁店任何赔偿。在他看来，他们已经接受了从报纸和电视上的报道中获得了宝贵的免费宣传。

10.单选题

frightenedanddesertit.

问题1选项

A.shouldbe

B.wouldbe

C.willbe

D.couldbe

【答案】A

【解析】考察虚拟语气。句意：当鸟类观察者们找到一个鸟巢时,

他们会非常小心不去打扰,

以免鸟妈妈受到惊吓而遗弃它。Lest表示“以免”,

后面的虚拟语气通常用should+动词原形。所以选项A正确。

11.单选题

Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

问题1选项

A.remarkable

B.controversial

C.inexhaustible

D.deficient

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项remarkable“卓越的；非凡的”；B选项controversial“有争议的”；C选项inexhaustible“用不完的；不知疲倦的”；D选项deficient“有缺陷的；不充分的”。句意：这个地区热带植物的多样性象征着一个看来似乎用不完的原材料资源，而这其中只有一些被利用。结合此处语义，C选项正确。

12.单选题

Thetrainclatteredoverpointsandpassedthroughastation.

Thenitbegansuddenlytoslowdown,presumablyinobediencetoasignal.Forsomeminutesitcrawledalong,thenstopped;presentlyitbegantomoveforwardagain.Anotherup-trainpassedthem,thoughwithlessvehemencethanthefirstone.Thetraingatheredspeedagain.Atthatmomentanothertrain,alsoonadown-line,swervedinwardstowardsthem,foramomentwithalmostalarmingeffect.Foratimethetwotrainsranparallel,nowonegainingalittle,nowtheother.Mrs.McGillicuddylookedfromherwindowthroughthewindowsoftheparallelcarriages.Mostoftheblindsweredown,butoccasionallytheoccupantsofthecarriageswerevisible.Theothertrainwasnotveryfullandthereweremanyemptycarriages.

Atthemomentwhenthetwotrainsgavetheillusionofbeingstationary,ablindinoneofthecarriagesflewupwithasnap.Mrs.McGillicuddy,lookedintothelightedfirst-classcarriagethatwasonlyafewfeetaway.

Thenshedrewherbreathinwithagaspandhalf-rosetoherfeet.

Standingwithhisbacktothewindowandtoherwasaman.Hishandswereroundthethroatofawomanwhofacedhim,andhewasslowly,remorselessly,stranglingher.Hereyeswerestartingfromtheirsockets,herfacewaspurple.AsMrs.McGillicuddywatched,fascinated,theendcame;thebodywentlimpandcrumpledintheman’shands.

Atthesamemoment,Mrs.McGillicuddy’strainsloweddownagainandtheotherbegantogainspeed.Itpassedforwardandamomentortwolaterithadvanishedironsight.

AlmostautomaticallyMrs.McGillicuddy'shandwentuptothecommunicationcord,thenpaused,irresolute.Afterall,whatusewoulditberingingthecordofthetraininwhichshewastravelling?Thehonorofwhatshehadseenatsuchclosequarters,andtheunusualcircumstances,madeherfeelparalyzed.Someimmediateactionwasnecessary—butwhat?

Thedoorofhercompartmentwasdrawnbackandaticketcollectorsaid,“Ticket,please”.

1.WhenMrs.McGillicuddy’strainpassedthroughastation,it（

）.

2.Mrs.McGillicuddyseemstobea(n)person

（

）.

3.Whatshesawintheparalleltrainmadeherfeel

（

）.

4.Shedidn’tringthecommunicationcordimmediatelybecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.gainedspeedsuddenly

B.keptitsusualspeed

C.changeditsspeed

D.stoppedimmediately

问题2选项

A.observant

B.interested

C.nosy

D.nervous

问题3选项

A.excited

B.anxious

C.worried

D.horrified

问题4选项

A.shewasverymuchafraid

B.therewasnopointofdoingso

C.shewastooshockedtomove

D.theticketcollectorcamein

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“当McGillicuddy太太乘坐的火车经过车站时，这辆火车……”。文章第二段第一句提到“它突然变慢了，好像在遵循什么信号”（Thenitbegansuddenlytoslowdown,presumablyinobediencetoasignal），选项C“改变速度”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“McGillicuddy太太看起来是一个……的人”。文章第二段提到“McGillicuddy太太透过她的窗户看向对面火车”（Mrs.McGillicuddylookedfromherwindowthroughthewindowsoftheparallelcarriages），接下来描写了她看到的内容，由此可以推断出她是一个善于观察的人。选项A符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“她看到对面火车上的情形时，感觉……”。文章第四段提到“她吸了一口气，半蹲着”（Thenshedrewherbreathinwithagaspandhalf-rosetoherfeet）；第五段提到“当她看到这些时，被吓得动弹不得，终于熬到结束”（AsMrs.McGillicuddywatched,fascinated,theendcame），由此可以看出她非常害怕，选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“她没有立刻拉警报索，是因为……”。文章最后一段提到“毕竟，拉警报锁又有什么用呢？”（Afterall,whatusewoulditberingingthecordofthetraininwhichshewastravelling），选项B“这样做没有意义”符合题意。

13.单选题

Myauntlosthercatlastsummer,butit（）aweeklateratahomeinthenextvillage.

问题1选项

A.turnedup

B.turnedin

C.turnedon

D.turnedout

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turnup“出现，发现，折起”；turnin“上缴，出卖”；turnon“打开，发动”；turnout“结果是，证明是”。句意：去年夏天我姨妈的猫丢了，但是一周后它出现在邻村的一户人家里。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Someoftheideasareverysimpleandsoundintuitivelyplausible.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.

问题1选项

A.directly

B.reasonably

C.frankly

D.instinctively

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项directly“直接地；立即；马上”；B选项reasonably“合理地；相当地；适度地”；C选项frankly“坦率地；老实说”；D选项instinctively“本能地”。intuitively意为“直观地；直觉地”，D选项的意思最为接近。句意：有些想法非常简单，听起来觉得很有道理。

15.单选题

Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltotalkintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchprovidesfurtherconfirmationthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacallthaninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecanimpairadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.

MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwickandToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationabouttheirhobbiesusingaspeakerphone.AsDr.KunarandDr.HorowitzreportinPsychonomicBulletin&Review,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7meterstothebrakingdistanceofacartravelingat100kph.Theyfoundthatthegroupusingthehands-freekitmade83percentmoreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.

Dr.KunarandDr.Horowitzalsoexploredtheeffectofsimplylisteningtosomething—suchasaradioprogramme.ForthistheyplayedarecordingofthefirstchapterofBramStoker’s“Dracula.”Eventhoughthetestsubjectsweretoldtopayattentionbecausetheywouldbeaskedquestionsaboutthestoryafterwards,ithadlittleeffectontheirreactiontime.TheresearchledbyFrankDrewsoftheUniversityofUtahsuggeststhesamethingistrueoftheidlechatterofapassenger.Dr.Kunarreckonsthathavingtothinkaboutresponsesduringaphoneconversationcompetesforthebrain’sresourcesinawaythatlisteningtoamonologuedoesnot.

Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficultenough,eventhoughtheycanbeseenfromoutsidethecar.Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible—especiallybecausemoreandmorevehiclesarenowbeingfittedwiththenecessaryequipmentasstandard.Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.Whoknows,theymightevencometoenjoynothavingtotakecalls.Andthey’llbemorelikelytoarriveinonepiece.

1.InKunarandHorowitz’sexperiments,thesubjectswhoperformedtaskswhiletalking（）.

2.AccordingtoFrankDrews,listeningtoapassengertalking（）.

3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thelawforbiddingtheuseofhand-heldphoneswhendriving（）.

4.Thebesthopeofstoppingpeoplefromusinghands-freephoneslieswith（）.

5.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（）.

问题1选项

A.reactedmorequickly,butmademoremistakes

B.reactedmorequicklyandmadefewermistakes

C.reactedmoreslowlyandmademoremistakes

D.reactedmoreslowly,butmadefewermistakes

问题2选项

A.affectsdriversmorethanlisteningtoastory

B.affectsdriversmorethanaphoneconversation

C.haslesseffectonthedriversthanlisteningtoastory

D.haslesseffectonthedriversthanaphoneconversation

问题3选项

A.hasbeenfrequentlybroken

B.isnecessaryandfeasible

C.hasbeenstrictlyenforced

D.willarouseheateddebate

问题4选项

A.carmanufacturers

B.lawmakers

C.newtechnology

D.driversthemselves

问题5选项

A.callonlawmakerstomakestrictlawsontheuseofcellphones

B.informpeopleofthedangerofusingcellphoneswhiledriving

C.weighthebenefitsandharmsofusingcellphoneswhendriving

D.offersuggestionsfordriverswhousecellphoneswhiledriving

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第二段第三句thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot（做了相当于接听免提电话的人跟没有做这个任务的人相比，平均反应时间慢了212毫秒）和第五句groupusingthehands-freekitmade83percentmoreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking（使用免提工具的那一组在任务中比那些没有说话的那一组多出83%的错），可知受干扰的那一组反应更慢，错误更多，故C反应更慢，错误更多正确。其他选项不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.语义推测题。根据第三段第三句theywouldbeaskedquestionsaboutthestoryafterwards,ithadlittleeffectontheirreactiontime（他们之后会被问到关于这个故事的问题，但这对他们的反应时间几乎没有影响）和第四句TheresearchledbyFrankDrewsoftheUniversityofUtahsuggeststhesamethingistrueoftheidlechatterofapassenger.（这项由犹他大学的弗兰克•德鲁斯领导的研究表明，乘客的闲聊也是如此。），可知听故事和听顾客讲话一样对司机几乎没有影响，A选项“比听故事更影响司机”和C选项“对司机的影响小于听故事”错误。根据第一题，可知电话交谈让司机反应变慢，犯错更多，因此B选项“比电话交谈更影响司机”错误，D选项“对司机影响小于电话交谈”正确。因此D选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第四段第一句Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficult（惩罚开车时手握小工具的行为很难），可知不能严格禁止，C选项“被严格执行”错误。根据第二句Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible（不可能阻止人们使用免提电话），可知禁止开车时使用不可行，B选项“必要且可行”错误。根据第三句Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.（劝诫人们在开车时关机也许是唯一的解决之道。），结合全文内容，可知很多人在开车时打电话，法律限制不了，只能劝诫，故A选项“经常被打破”正确。D选项“将引起激烈辩论”没有提到。因此A选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第四段第三句Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.（劝诫人们在开车时关机也许是唯一的解决之道。），可知最大希望是D选项“司机自己”，故D选项正确。A选项“汽车制造商”：根据第二句Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible—especiallybecausemoreandmorevehiclesarenowbeingfittedwiththenecessaryequipmentasstandard（不可能阻止人们使用免提电话——尤其是现在越来越多的车辆都配备了必要的标准设备。），可知汽车制造商甚至加剧了问题。B选项“立法者”：法律不能发挥作用。C选项“新技术”：文章没有提到。因此D选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章通过各种实验说明不同活动对开车的影响，点出使用手机打电话影响最大，最后一段说唯一能够规避这种情况的就是司机自己，可知本文目的是D选项“为开车时使用手机的司机提供建议”，故D选项正确。A选项“呼吁立法者对手机的使用制定严格的法律”不符合文章观点。B选项“告诉人们开车时使用手机的危险”没有特别提出；C选项“权衡开车时使用手机的好处和坏处”没有讲到好处。因此D选项正确。

16.单选题

问题1选项

A.marineproducts

B.dairyproducts

C.industrialproducts

D.avianproducts

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。横线单词poultry意为“家禽；家禽肉”；A选项“marineproducts”意为“海产品；水产及制品”；B选项“dairyproducts”意为“乳制品，奶制品；乳酪产品”；C选项“industrialproducts”意为“工业产品”；D选项“avianproducts”意为“禽类产品”。句意：据报道，美国宾夕法尼亚州最近爆发的禽流感促使中国禁止从该州进口家禽。由题干可知，thelatestoutbreakofthebirdflu（最近爆发的禽流感）肯定和家禽相关。所以中国禁止进口的应该是家禽。由此可知，poultry在此处最可能是“家禽”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。

17.单选题

Onasingleweekendlastmonth,therewerethreeserioushighwayaccidentsinthiscountrythat(1)teenageddrivers.Oneoftheresultofthis(2)weekendwasa(3)publicdemandthathighschoolstudentsshouldberequiredto(4)acourseofdriving-trainingbeforereceivingtheirdriver’slicenses.(5),mostofthehighschoolsinthisareahaveoffereddriver-trainingcoursesformanyyears.Butthesecourseshavealwaysbeen(6),(7)required;andsometimesonlyasmallfractionofthestudentbodyhasactuallybeen(8)inthecourses.Itwouldbeanexcellentidea,asIseeit,tomakedrivertrainingarequiredcourse.

Theopponentsofthisideahave(9)thatprovidingdrivertrainingforeverystudentwouldbevery(10)andthatthe(11)wouldnotbeworththeprice.Itistruethatthecoursewouldbecostly.Ourtownschoolboardhasestimatedthatinordertoprovidedrivertrainingforeveryhighschoolstudent,theywouldneedatleasttwomorefull-timeinstructorsandtwoadditionaltrainingcars,aswellas(12)labspaceandequipment.(13)thecourseofthisprogramwouldbelarge,itmustbe(14)againstthemuchgreatercost—bothinmoneyandinhumansuffering—ofcontinuingtoallowinexperiencedandpoorlytrainedpeopletojointhera