考研考博-英语-成都职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4_第1页
考研考博-英语-成都职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4_第2页
考研考博-英语-成都职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4_第3页
考研考博-英语-成都职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4_第4页
考研考博-英语-成都职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩395页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-成都职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theboycyclinginthestreetwasknockeddownbyaminibusandreceived()injuries.

问题1选项

A.fatal

B.excessive

C.disastrous

D.exaggerated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在街上,骑车的男孩被一辆小型客车撞倒,生命垂危。

考查形容词辨析。fatal致命的,灾难性的,重大的,决定性的。excessive极度的,过分的;disastrous灾难性的,损失惨重的;exaggerate夸大的,言过其实的。就前面句意“骑车的男孩被一辆小型客车撞倒”可知A正确。

2.单选题

________hasfinishedthetaskaheadoftimewillberewarded,thoughwedon’tknowwhoitwillbe.

问题1选项

A.Thosewho

B.Anyone

C.Whoever

D.Who

【答案】C

【解析】考查从句。句意:()在规定时间之前完成任务会受到奖赏,尽管我们不知道这个人是谁。空格这句话有两个谓语而且前面都缺少主语,所以可以判断句子是主语从句或者我们需要补个主语然后接从属连词来引导定语从句。从句的谓语动词需要和先行词保持一致,A选项中those是复数代词,而题干的has是第三人称单数,所以。Anyone不能引导从句,B选项排除;根据句意,C选项更符合题意。

3.翻译题

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

如果使用得当,恐惧和与之相伴的痛苦是人类和动物拥有的最有用的两样东西。如果火烧到时不会疼痛,孩子们会一直玩火直到烧掉双手。同样地,如果只有痛苦而没有恐惧,一个孩子会一次又一次地用火烧自己,因为恐惧不会警告他远离曾经烧到他的火。一个真正无畏的士兵——的确存在这样的人——不是一个好士兵,因为他很快就会被杀死。而一个死掉的士兵对他的军队没有任何用处。所以恐惧和痛苦是两位保镖,人类和动物没有它们就会很快灭亡。重要的不是让恐惧控制你,而是要用恐惧来做你的仆人和向导。

【答案】Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmenandanimalspossessiftheyareproperlyused.Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidnot,achildwouldburnitselfagainandagain,becausefearwouldnotwarnthechildtokeepawayfromthefirethathadburnthimorherbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist—isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmenandanimalsmightsoondieout.Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.

4.单选题

Mostactsof()involvethinningouttheanimalpopulationincertainareasofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.malcontent

B.pander

C.peccadillo

D.depredation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项malcontent“不满现状的人;反抗者”;B选项pander“怂恿者;拉皮条者”;C选项peccadillo“轻罪;小过失;小瑕疵”;D选项depredation“掠夺;破坏,破坏痕迹”。句意:大多数掠夺行为使这个国家某些地区的动物数量变少。根据句意可知D选项正确。

5.单选题

Theculturaldepartmentistryingtohelptheseperformingenterprisesoutofthe()byvariousmeans.

问题1选项

A.delight

B.twilight

C.flight

D.plight

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项delight“高兴”;B选项twilight“衰退期”;C选项flight“飞行”;D选项plight“困境”。句意“文化部门正试图通过各种方式帮助这些演艺企业走出困境。”选项D符合语境。

6.翻译题

Thereisnothingwrong,ofcourse,withacountry’squestioningitsdirectionandwantingtopreservemanyofitstraditionalvalues.Moreover,Japanisn’tlikelytoreverttothecollusive(诡秘的)andanticompetitivepoliciesofthepast.Thereformprocesshasgonetoofar,andcorporatebehaviorhaschangedtoodramatically.Butgiventhemagnitude(巨大)ofthefiscalandfinancialchallengesahead,evenaslightslowingofthegovernment’sderegulatoryeffortsandprivate-sectorrestructuringcouldcreateaneventualdisaster.Now’snotthetimeforJapantorestonitslaurels.

【答案】【参考译文】当然,一个国家质疑自己的方向,并希望保留许多传统价值观,这并没有错。此外,日本不太可能恢复到共谋的(诡秘的)和反竞争政策的过去。改革进程走得太远,企业行为发生了太大变化。但是考虑到大小(巨大)的财政和金融挑战,甚至略有放缓政府放松管制的努力和私营部门的重组可以创建最终的灾难。现在不是日本安于现状的时候。

7.单选题

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhe’sbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitol’sNationalStatuaryHall,awreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassroomsfora“teach-in”honoringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,evenhalfheartedand—anothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistoweringachievementsisslippingaway.Andyoudon’thavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisissomethingwecan’taffordtolose.

Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennialin1909.Thatyear,Lincoln’slikenessmadeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasuryCommunitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountyeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,lecturesandmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledtotheLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinentalthoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.Lincoln’spresidencywasstillalivingmemoryforcountlessAmericans.In2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorldWarthantheywerefromtheCivilWar;familiesstillfeltthelossoflovedonesfromthatawfulnationaltrauma.

ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore:anunembarrassedappreciationforheroesandanacutesenseofthewaythatevenlong-deadhistoricalfigurespressinonthepresentandmakeuswhoweare.

OnestorywillillustratewhatI’mtalkingabout.

In2003agroupoflocalcitizensarrangedtoplaceastatueofLincolninRichmond,Virginia,formercapitaloftheConfederacy.Theideatouchedoffafirestormofcontroversy.TheSonsofConfederateVeteransheldapublicconferenceofcarefullyselectedscholarsto“reassess”thelegacyofLincoln.Theverdict—nosurprise—wasnegative:Lincolnwaslabeledeverythingfromaracisttotalitariantoatellerofdirtyjokes.

Icoveredtheconferenceasareporter,butwhatreallyunnervedmewasacounter-conferenceofscholarstorefutetheearlierone.ThesescholarsdrewapictureofLincolnthatonlyourtouchy-feelyagecouldconjureup.Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed—byhisadmirers,remember—as“nonjudgmental,”“unmoralistic,”“comfortablewithambiguity.”

IfeltthewayafriendofminefeltaswelaterwatchedtheunveilingoftheRichmondstatueinasubduedceremony:“Buthe’ssosmall!”

ThestatueinRichmondwasindeedsmall;likenearlyeveryLincolnstatueputupinthepasthalfcentury,itwaslife-sizeandwasplacedatgroundlevel,aconsciousrejectionoftheheroic—approachableandhuman,yes,butnotsomethingtolookupto.

TheRichmondepisodetaughtmethatAmericanshavelostthelanguagetoexplainLincoln’sgreatnesseventoourselves.EarliergenerationssaidtheywantedtheirchildrentobelikeLincoln:principled,kind,compassionate,resolute.TodaywewantLincolntobelikeus.

ThishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage.We’vehadLincolnashumoristandLincolnasmanic-depressive,Lincolnthebusinesssage,theconservativeLincolnandtheliberalLincoln,theemancipatorandtheracist,thestoicphilosopher,theChristian,theatheist—LincolnovereasyandLincolnscrambled.

What’softenmissing,though,isthetimelessLincoln,theLincolnwhomallgenerations,ourownnolessthanthatof1909,canlayclaimto.Luckyforus,thosememorializersfromacenturyago—and,throughthem,Lincolnhimself—haveleftusthehintofwheretofindhim.TheLincolnMemorialisthemostvisitedofourpresidentialmonuments.HereiswherewefindtheLincolnwhoendures:inthewordsheleftus,definingthecountrywe’veinherited.HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus.

26.Theauthorthinksthatthisyear’scelebration,isinadequateandevenhalfheartedbecause().

27.Accordingthepassagewhatreallymakesthe1909celebrationsdifferentformthisyear’s?

28.Intheauthor’sopinion,thecounter-conference().

29.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofLincolnconceivedbycontemporarypeople().

30.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheimplicationofthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.nosimilarappreciationofLincolnwillbeseen

B.noactivitiescanbecomparedtothosein1909

C.noLincolnstatuewillbeunveiled

D.nomemorialcoinswillbeissued

问题2选项

A.StructuresconstructedinmemoryofLincoln.

B.Varietyandmagnitudeofcelebrationactivities.

C.Respectforgreatpeopleandtheirinfluence.

D.TemporalproximitytoLincoln’spresidency.

问题3选项

A.rectifiedthejudgmentbythosecarefullyselectedscholars

B.resultedinsimilardisparagingremarksonLincoln

C.cameupwithsomewhatfavorableconclusions

D.offeredabrandnewreassessmentperspective

问题4选项

A.revealsthevarietyofcurrentopinionsonheroes

B.showsthepresent-daydesiretoemulateLincoln

C.reflectsthepresent-daytendencyofworship

D.conformstotraditionalimages

问题5选项

A.Thememorialissymbolicofthegreatman’sachievements.

B.Lincoln’sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime.

C.EachgenerationhasitsowninterpretationofLincoln.

D.PeoplegettoknowLincolnthroughmemorializers.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】26、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“inadequateandevenhalfhearted”定位到本文第二段,可知本段是指今年的庆祝是不够的,甚至有点三心二意。再根据第三段主要讲述为什么今年的庆祝是不够的,由第三段第一句话“Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennialin1909”(将今年的庆祝活动与1909年的林肯诞生100周年进行比较),然后本段主要介绍了1909年的庆祝活动的盛大,所以可知今年的庆祝不够是因为与1909年相比,是远远不够的,因此B选项符合题意;A选项没有原文依据;C、D选项都是今年庆祝活动没有,而1909年有的具体表现,所以排除。因此B选项正确。

27、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。由26题也可知今年与1909年的庆祝活动不同的是庆祝的种类与规模,即本文的第三段介绍了有哪些不同,因此B选项符合题意。A选项“为纪念林肯而建造的建筑物”是属于庆祝的规模与范畴的;C选项说法错误,即使是今天,人们也无法用语言描述出林肯的伟大;D选项没有原文依据。因此B选项正确。

28、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“counter-conference”定位到第八段最后一句“Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed—byhisadmirers,remember—as‘nonjudgmental,’‘unmoralistic,’‘comfortablewithambiguity’”(这位目睹了我们历史上最野蛮的战争的人,被他的崇拜者描述为——请记住——“不偏不倚”“不讲道德”“喜欢模棱两可”)可知反会议上学者为林肯做的画像,传递出关于林肯负面的内容,即导致了对林肯类似的贬低的言论,所以B选项与其相对应。A、C、D选项均说法错误,与B选项意义相反,所以排除。因此B选项正确。

29、【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“imageofLincoln”可定位到倒数第二段的第一句话“ThishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage”,后面是一些作家对林肯的形象的制造,总之是很混乱的,包括幽默家、解放者等,所以林肯的形象揭示了当前对英雄的各种不同看法,因此A选项说法正确。B、C、D选项没有原文依据。

30、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】总结归纳题。由题干定位到本文的最后一段。由最后一段最后一句话“HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus”(这就是林肯,他可以不断地被更新,在他出生200年后,他仍然保留着更新我们的权力)可知人们对林肯的形象有不同的解释与更新,但是尽管时间流逝,林肯的伟大仍然存在,最后一段主要强调林肯的伟大不会消失且一直在影响着人们。最后一段没有提到纪念碑的内容,A选项排除;C选项体现在倒数第二段,题干问的是最后一段;D选项没有原文依据,所以排除。因此B选项正确。

8.写作题

Directions:Inthispart,youarerequiredtowifeacompositionentitledHowtoS(“\'etheProblemofPollution.Youshouldwriteatleast200words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow.WriteyourcompositiononAnswerSheet2.

1.随着社会的发展,各种原因造成的污染越来越严重

2.这些污染对我们生活的影响

3.我们应该如何减少污染

【答案】略

9.单选题

Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout“race”:howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yet,the(1)phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications.

Wejudgeraceusually

(2)

thecoloringoftheskin:awhiterace,abrownrace,ayellowraceandablackrace.But

(3)

youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot

(4)

anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis

(5)

inphysicalstructure,thebrainortheinternalorgansto

(6)

adifference.

Therearefourtypesofblood.

(7)

typesarefoundineveryrace,andnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe

(8)

.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtoldyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswill

(9)

insize,butthisoccurswithineveryrace.

(10)

doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain

(11)

-examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak

(12)

.Ontheotherhand,someofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad

(13)

brains.

Mentaltestswhicharereasonably

(14)

shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.

(15)

equaleducationaladvantages,therewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandings,eitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.

Individualsofeveryrace

(16)

civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofagroupofpeople,(17)

enablethemtobehaveina

(18)

way.

Thebehaviorandideasofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstances,buttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew

(19)

isbetterandhigherthananything

(20)

thepast.

问题1选项

A.complete

B.full

C.total

D.whole

问题2选项

A.in

B.from

C.at

D.on

问题3选项

A.since

B.if

C.as

D.while

问题4选项

A.speak

B.talk

C.tell

D.mention

问题5选项

A.something

B.everything

C.nothing

D.anything

问题6选项

A.display

B.indicate

C.demonstrate

D.appear

问题7选项

A.All

B.Most

C.No

D.Some

问题8选项

A.same

B.identical

C.similar

D.alike

问题9选项

A.remain

B.increase

C.decrease

D.vary

问题10选项

A.Only

B.Or

C.Nor

D.So

问题11选项

A.ever

B.then

C.never

D.once

问题12选项

A.health

B.body

C.mind

D.thought

问题13选项

A.big

B.small

C.minor

D.major

问题14选项

A.true

B.exact

C.certain

D.accurate

问题15选项

A.Provided

B.Concerning

C.Given

D.Following

问题16选项

A.make

B.cause

C.move

D.turn

问题17选项

A.and

B.but

C.though

D.so

问题18选项

A.ordinary

B.peculiar

C.usual

D.common

问题19选项

A.that

B.what

C.whichever

D.whatever

问题20选项

A.for

B.to

C.within

D.in

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:C

第11题:D

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:A

第15题:B

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:B

第19题:A

第20题:D

【解析】第1题:考查形容词词义辨析。complete“完整的;彻底的;完全的”;full“完全的;完整的;满的;丰富的”;total“全部的;整个的;总计的”;whole“完整的;纯粹的”。根据空格处后面的phenomenonofrace“种族现象”,以及下文对各种族的介绍可知此处说的是“整个的”这种现象。选项D符合题意。

第2题:考查固定搭配。根据后文的“awhiterace,abrownrace,ayellowrace…”可知空格处所在句子提及如何来判断种族,judgefromsth“从某事判断”,是固定搭配。选项B符合题意。

第3题:考查逻辑连接词辨析。空格处后“youweretoremovetheskin”(你去掉皮肤),youcouldnot…(你不能……),这两者存在假设关系,因此空格处需要填入一个表示假设的连词,选项B“如果”符合题意。

第4题:考查动词词义辨析。speak“讲话;发言;讲演”;talk“说话;讨论”;tell“告诉;说出;分辨”;mention“提到;说起”。空格处所在句子的大意是“如果你不去看皮肤,你就不可能分辨他人任何有关个人所有种族的事情”,因此选项C符合题意。

第5题:考查逻辑关系。上文提到如果不看人的皮肤,将无法区分种族,并且下文提到每个种族的血型都没有什么区别(notypeisdistincttoanyrace),由此可知,无论是在物理结构、大脑、还是内部结构,各个种族间都是没有区别的,因此,空格处应填入nothing,选项C符合题意。

第6题:考查动词词义辨析。display“展示;陈列”;indicate“表明;指出”;demonstrate“证明;展示”;appear“出现;似乎”。根据第一段最后一句话中的“afewsurfaceindications”可以推断空格处可以填入indicate,选项B符合题意。

第7题:考查逻辑关系。空格处前面提到“有四种血型”,后面提到“没有哪种血型是任何一个种族特有的”,可知是对所有的血型进行了研究,因此空格处应该填入表示“全部”意思的单词。选型A“所有的”符合题意。

第8题:考查形容词词义辨析。same“相同的”;identical“完全相同的”;similar“相似的”;alike“相像的”。根据空格处后面那句“没有科学家通过检查一个人的大脑能判断你这个人属于哪个种族”,说明人类的大脑是没有区别的,因此选项A符合题意。

第9题:考查动词词义辨析。remain“保持”;increase“增加”;decrease“减少”;vary“改变;使多样化”。前面提到科学家无法通过一个人的大脑判断他属于哪个种族,说明人类大脑是相同的。该句空格处后面的insize“在尺寸上”,说明人类大脑虽然相同,但是有尺寸差别,选项D符合题意。

第10题:考查逻辑连接词。根据空格后的“thelargestbrain”与“week”可知人的智力与大脑的大小没有关系,因此,选项C“也不”符合题意。

第11题:考查副词词义辨析。ever“永远;曾经;究竟”;then“然后;于是;当时”;never“从未;决不”;once“一次;曾经”。根据空格前“thelargestbrain”(最大的大脑)与“examined”(被检查)的对应可知“曾经”符合题意。

第12题:考查名词词义辨析。health“健康”;body“身体”;mind“理智;智力”;thought“思维,思想”。前文提到了intelligence,此处与之对应的应该是mind。

第13题:考查形容词词义辨析。big“大的”,small“小的”;minor“次要的,较小的”;major“主要的,重要的”。前文提到大脑大的人智力却比较低,根据“ontheotherhand”可知空格处所在的句子说的是“一些名人拥有小的大脑”。选项B符合题意。

第14题:考查形容词词义辨析。true“真实的;正确的”;exact“准确的;精确的”;certain“必然的;无疑的”;accurate“精确的”。由空格处所在句子的后一句“highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace”(高的和低的智力测试结果被任何种族的不同成员记录),证明这次测试的结果是非常真实的。选项A符合题意。

第15题:考查逻辑连接词辨析。provided“假如;倘若”;concerning“关于;就……而言”;given“考虑到”;following“在……以后”。空格处所在句子后面提到的内容都是关于“equaleducationaladvantages”(平等的教育优势),因此,空格处填入选项B符合题意。

第16题:考查动词词义辨析。make“使得;进行;准备,整理;制造;构成”;cause“引起;导致”;move“移动;感动”;turn“转动;转弯;翻过来;兑换”。空格处所在句子的大意是“每个种族的人都可能导致文明向前或后退”,选项B符合题意。

第17题:考查连词的辨析。空格处前面的内容“训练和教育能改变一部分人的反应”与后面的“使他们……”存在递进关系,所以选项A符合题意。

第18题:考查形容词词义辨析。ordinary“普通的;平凡的”;peculiar“特殊的;独特的”;usual“通常的,惯例的”;common“共同的;普通的”。空格处所在句子的大意是“训练和教育能改变一部分人的反应”,并且能够让他们用一种独特的方式表现出来。选项B符合题意。

第19题:考查关系代词。不定代词something,anything,everything等后面的关系代词要用that。选项A符合题意。

第20题:考查固定搭配。inthepast“在过去”,因此选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Anunidentifiedwitoncesaid,“laugh,andtheworldlaughswithyou.Snore,andyousleepalone.”Yetsnoringisfarfromalaughingmatter,asthoseunfortunateswithgoodhearing,whoarerightlysubjectedtothesoundsofthesnoringdisorder,willtestify.

IthasbeenestimatedthatoneofeightAmericanssnores:thismeansthatthereareapproximately21millionpeople—womenaswellasmen—whorenderanunpleasantsoundwhentheyareasleep.Andassumingthateachsnorerdisturbsthesleepofatleastoneotherperson,itnecessarilyfollowsthatthereare21millionunhappylisteners.Whileasleepingpersonbreathes,eitherinorout,severalstructuresinhisnoseandthroatgeneratethesnoring.Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.Whenthesofttissuesofthemouthandthroatcomeclosetotheliningofthethroat,thevibrationsthatoccurarecausedbythepositionofthetongue.Inshort,thenoisemadebysnoringcanbecomparedtothenoisewhenbreezesflutteraflagonapole.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.Althoughitisusuallytheprocessofinhalingorexhalingthroughthemouththatcausesnoring,shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.Inallfairnesstosnorers,however,itshouldbeemphasizedthatsnoringisaninvoluntaryoutwhichstopsastheoffenderisawakened.

1.Thesnoringiscausedby().

2.Ifapersonproducesshortsnores,mostprobablyhehas().

3.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthesnorersis().

问题1选项

A.thesoftpalateandotherstructuresofthethroat

B.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughthenose

C.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughmouth

D.thevibrationsasaresultoftheinflowingandoutflowingair

问题2选项

A.asoftpalate

B.abignose

C.anopenmouth

D.asmallthroat

问题3选项

A.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

B.boththelistenersandthesnorerswishtostoptheoffensivesoundofsnoring.

C.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthepositionofthetongue.

D.Therearemorementhanwomenwhosnore.

问题4选项

A.objective

B.subjective

C.sympathetic

D.annoyed

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段“Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.”这些声音来自于软腭和喉咙的其他柔软结构,是由流入和流出的空气的振动反应引起的。选项D符合原文。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句“shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.”张开嘴睡觉的人鼾声短促。选项C正确。

3.信息推断题。根据原文可知,打鼾是一种无意识的行为,所以选项A错误;根据原文“Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.”可知选项C错误;选项D在文中没有提及。所以只有选项B正确。

4.态度判断题。结合文章内容可知,作者全文都是在客观的描述人们打呼噜的这个问题以及产生的原因和影响,没有掺杂个人情绪,所以选项A正确。

11.单选题

Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.

Severalstudiesoverthepastthreedecadeshavereportedthatpeoplecanretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemoriesofthingsthathappenedwhiletheywerebeingoperatedon.Butfailurebyotherresearcherstoconfirmsuchfindingshasledskepticstospeculatethatthepatientswhorememberedtheseeventsmightbrieflyhaveregainedconsciousnessinthecourseofoperations.

GittaLubke,PeterSebelandcolleaguesatEmoryUniversityinAtlantameasuredthedepthofanesthesiausingbispectralanalysis,atechniquewhichmeasureschangesinbrainwavepatternsinthefrontallobesmomentbymomentduringsurgery.Beforethisstudy,researchersonlytookanaveragemeasurementoverthewholeoperation,saysLubke.

Lubkestudied96traumapatientsundergoingemergencysurgery,manyofwhomweretooseverelyinjuredtotoleratefullanesthesia.Duringsurgery,eachpatientworeheadphonesthroughwhichaseriesof16wordswasrepeatedfor3minuteseach.Atthesametime,bispectralanalysisrecordedthedepthofanesthesia.

Aftertheoperation,Lubketestedthepatientsbyshowingthemthefirstthreelettersofaword,suchas“lim-”,andaskingthemtocompleteit.Patientswhohadhadawordstartingwiththeselettersplayedduringsurgery—“limit”,forexample—chosethatwordanaverageof11percentmoreoftenthanpatientswhohadbeenplayedadifferentwordlist.Noneofthepatientshadanyconsciousmemoryofhearingthewordlists.

Unconsciousprimingwasstrongestforwordsplayedwhenpatientsweremostlightlyanaesthetized.Butitwasstatisticallysignificantevenwhenpatientswerefullyanaesthetizedwhenthewordwasplayed.

ThisfindingwhichwillbepublishedinthejournalAnesthesiologycouldmeanthatoperatingtheatrestaffshouldbemorediscreet.“Whattheysayduringsurgerymaydistresspatientsafterwards,”saysPhilipMerikle,apsychologistattheUniversityofWaterloo,Ontario.

1.Scientistshavefoundthatdeepanesthesia______.

2.Bythenewstudythetechniqueofbyspectralanalysishelpsthescientists______.

3.Totestthepatientsthescientists______.

4.Theresultsfromthenewstudyindicatethatitwaspossibleforthepatients______.

5.Whatwecaninferfromthefindingis______.

问题1选项

A.islikelytoaffecthearing

B.cannotblocksurgeon’swords

C.cancauseseriousdamagestomemory

D.helpstoretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemories

问题2选项

A.acquireanaveragemeasurementofbrainwavechangesoverthewholesurgery

B.decidewhetherthepatientwouldretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemories

C.relatetheirmeasurementsandrecordingstotheverbalsoundsduringsurgery

D.assurethedepthofanesthesiaduringsurgery

问题3选项

A.preparedtwolistsofwords

B.usedninety-sixheadphonesforlistening

C.conductedthewholeexperimentforthreeminutes

D.voicedonlythefirstthreelettersofsixteenwordsduringsurgery

问题4选项

A.toregainconsciousnessundertheknife

B.totellonewordfromanotheraftersurgery

C.torecallwhathadbeenheardduringsurgery

D.tooverreacttodeepanesthesiainthecourseofoperation

问题5选项

A.howsurgeonmalpracticecanbeprevented

B.whyasurgeoncannotbetoocareful

C.whysurgeonsshouldholdtheirtonguesduringsurgery

D.howthepostoperativepatientscanretainsubconsciousmemories

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段“Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.(一项新的研究表明,即使病人没有醒来,他们也能回忆起在全身麻醉下听到的声音。)”也就是说,全麻不会阻止病人听到医生说的话,所以B选项“不能阻挡外科医生的话”符合原文。A选项“可能影响听力”和C选项“会对记忆造成严重损害”文章没有提及;D选项“帮助保持有意识或潜意识的记忆”中的“帮助”表述不当,所以不正确。因此B选项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据第二段“Severalstudiesoverthepastthreedecadeshavereportedthatpeoplecanretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemoriesofthingsthathappenedwhiletheywerebeingoperatedon.(过去30年里的几项研究报告称,人们可以对手术过程中发生的事情保持有意识或潜意识的记忆。)”和第三段“...usingbispectralanalysis,atechniquewhichmeasureschangesinbrainwavepatternsinthefrontallobesmomentbymomentduringsurgery.(使用双谱分析技术测量了麻醉深度,这种技术可以测量手术过程中大脑额叶中脑电波模式的变化。)”可知双谱分析技术是帮助科学家们决定病人是保留有意识的记忆还是潜意识的记忆,所以B选项“判断病人是否会保留有意识的记忆或潜意识的记忆”正确。由第三段“Beforethisstudy,researchersonlytookanaveragemeasurementoverthewholeoperation(在这项研究之前,研究人员只对整个手术进行了平均测量)”可知A选项“获得整个手术期间脑电波变化的平均测量值”说法错误;C选项“将他们的测量和录音与手术过程中的语音联系起来”和D选项“术中保证麻醉深度”不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据第五段Patientswhohadhadawordstartingwiththeselettersplayedduringsurgery—“limit”,forexample—chosethatwordanaverageof11percentmoreoftenthanpatientswhohadbeenplayedadifferentwordlist.(那些在手术中播放以这些字母开头的单词的患者——例如,“limit”——选择这个单词的频率比播放不同单词列表的患者平均高11%)可推断出有两个不同的单词表,所以A选项“准备了两份单词表”正确。B选项“使用了九十六个耳机听”;C选项“整个实验进行了三分钟”;D选项“在手术中只发声16个单词的前三个字母”都不符合原文,因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第一段“Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.(一项新的研究表明,即使病人没有醒来,他们也能回忆起在全身麻醉下听到的声音。)”可知对病人来说。回忆起手术期间听到的东西是有可能的,所以C选项“回忆手术中听到的一切”正确。A选项“在刀下恢复意识”;B选项“手术后说出一个词和另一个词”;D选项“在手术过程中对深度麻醉反应过度”都不符合原文,因此C选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段“...operatingtheatrestaffshouldbemorediscreet...Whattheysayduringsurgerymaydistresspatientsafterwards(……这可能意味着手术室的工作人员应该更加谨慎……他们在手术中说的话可能会让病人在手术后感到痛苦)”可推断出工作人员在手术期间最好不要说话,所以C选项“为什么外科医生在手术时不应该说话”符合题意。A选项“如何防止外科医生渎职”;B选项“为什么外科医生越小心越好”;D选项“术后患者如何保持潜意识记忆”均不符合原文,因此C选项正确。

12.单选题

Educationinmostofthedevelopingworldisshocking.HalfofchildreninSouthAsiaandathirdofthoseinAfricawhocompletefouryearsofschoolingcannotreadproperly.Mostgovernmentshavepromisedtoprovideuniversalprimaryeducationandtopromotesecondaryeducation.Butevenwhenpublicschoolsexist,theyoftenfail.

Thefailureofstateeducation,combinedwiththeshiftinemergingeconomiesfromfarmingtojobsthatneedatleastamodicumofeducation,hascausedaprivate-schoolboom.AccordingtotheWorldBank,acrossthedevelopingworldafifthofprimary-schoolchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools,twiceasmanyas20yearsago.Somanyprivateschoolsareunregisteredthattherealfigureislikelytobemuchhigher.

Byandlarge,politiciansandeducationalistsareunenthusiastic.Governmentsseeeducationasthestate'sjob.NGOstendtobeideologicallyopposedtotheprivatesector.TheU.N.Specialrapporteuroneducation.KishoreSingh,hassaidthat“for-profiteducationshouldnotbeallowedinordertosafeguardthenoblecauseofeducation”.

Thisattitudeharmsthosewhomeducationalistsclaimtoserve:children.Theboominprivateeducationisexcellentnewsforthemandtheircountries,forthreereasons.

First,itisbringinginmoney—notjustfromparents,butalsofrominvestors,someinsearchofaprofit.Mostprivateschoolsinthedevelopingworldaresingleoperatorsthatchargeafewdollarsamonth,butchainsarenowemerging.

Second,privateschoolsareoftenbettervalueformoneythanstateones.Measuringthisishard,sincethechildrenwhogotoprivateschoolstendtobebetteroff,andthereforelikelytoperformbetter.Butarigorousfour-yearstudyof6,000pupilsinAndhraPradesh,insouthernIndia,suggestedthatprivatepupilsperformedbetterinEnglishandHindithanpublic-schoolpupils,andtheprivateschoolsachievedtheseresultsatathirdofthecostofthepublicschools.

Lastly,privateschoolsareinnovative.Sincetechnologyhasgreat(thoughasyetmostlyunrealized)potentialineducation,thiscouldbeimportant.Bridgegivesteacherstabletslinkedtoacentralsystemthatprovidesteachingmaterialsandmonitorstheirwork.Suchrobo-teachingmaynotbeideal,butitisbetterthanlessonswithouteithermaterialormonitoring.

Theprivatesectorhasproblems.Butthealternativeisoftenapublicschoolthatisworse—or

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论