(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第三册 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．tobaccon．烟草；烟叶2．cuen．提示；暗示；信号vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示)3．facilitatevt.促进；促使；使便利4．escalatorn．自动扶梯；滚梯5．liberationn．解放；摆脱6．beardn．胡须；络腮胡子7．flun．流感8．nutn．坚果9．skateboardn．滑板vi.滑滑板10．bowlingn．保龄球运动Ⅱ.记重点单词1．abusen．滥用；虐待；辱骂vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂2．dominatevt.&vi.支配；控制；占有优势3．negativeadj.消极的；有害的；否定的4．disciplinen．自制力；纪律；学科vt.自我控制；管教；处罚5．pilln．药片；药丸6．deletev．删去；删除7．shavevi.，vt.&n．剃(须发)；刮脸8．cigaretten．香烟；卷烟9．drugn．毒品；药物10．skipvt.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳n．蹦跳11．dizzyadj.头晕目眩的12．stimulatevt.激发；促进；刺激13．dentistn．牙科医生14．dynamicadj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的15．comedyn．喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目16．monthlyadv.&adj.每月；每月一次的n．月刊17．enhancevt.提高；增强；增进Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．alcoholn．酒；酒精→alcoholicadj.(含)酒精的n．酗酒者2．physicaladj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的→physicallyadv.身体上；肉体上3．repeatedlyadv.重复地→repeatvt.重复→repeatedadj.重复的→repetitionn．重复4．psychologyn．心理学；心理；心理影响→psychologicaladj.心理(学)的→psychologistn．心理学家5．rewardn．回报；奖励；报酬vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬→rewardingadj.有益的；有意义的；报酬高的6．relyvi.依赖；依靠；信赖→reliableadj.可信赖的；可靠的7．examinevt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→examinationn．考试(＝exam)；检查；审查8．pessimisticadj.悲观的；悲观主义的→pessimismn．悲观主义9．composevt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写→compositionn．组成；作曲；作文→composern．作曲家10．surgeonn．外科医生→surgeryn．外科手术；外科学11．disturbvt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→disturbingadj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的12．specialistn．专科医生；专家→specialadj.特别的；专门的→speciallyadv.特别地；专门→specializevt.专门研究；专门从事13．consultantn．顾问；高级顾问医师→consultvt.&vi.请教；咨询vt.查阅；参考14．sugaryadj.含糖的；甜的→sugarn．糖15．refreshvt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→refreshingadj.令人振奋的→refreshmentn．焕发精神；恢复活力16．absorbvt.吸引全部注意力；吸收→absorbedadj.专心致志的；全神贯注的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．inresponseto回答；答复2．relyon/upon依赖；依靠；信赖3．straightaway立即；马上4．decideon/upon决定；选定5．makeupone’smind下定决心6．becomposedof由……组成(或构成)的7．shaveoff剃掉；刮去8．stressedout焦虑不安；疲惫不堪9．wornout筋疲力尽的；疲惫的10．afterall毕竟；终究1．locationn．位置；地方2．logicaladj.逻辑上的；符合逻辑的3．looseadj.松散的；宽松的4．loudspeakern．扬声器，喇叭5．luggagen．(总称)行李6．magicadj.有魔力的7．maintainvt.维持；保持8．majorityn．大多数1．Topreventharmfulhabitslikethesefromdominatingateenager’slifeisessential.(不定式作主语)防止这些有害习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。2．Foryoungpeople，thereisplentyoftimetochangebadhabits.(Therebe＋n.＋todo)对于年轻人来说，有足够的时间来改变不良习惯。3．Youhavethepowertobuildahappyandhealthylifefullofgoodhabits！(形容词短语作后置定语)你有能力建立一种充满良好习惯的幸福、健康的生活！4．WheneverIwentoutwithfriends，Ibroughtsnacksfromhome，thingsthatdidn’thaveanyaddedsugar:fruit，nuts，driedmeat，etc.(whenever引导的让步状语从句)每当我和朋友出去时，我都会从家里带些零食，这些零食没有添加任何糖分：水果、坚果、肉干等。5．Bestofall，inmyopinion，ishowIfeelaboutmyself.(how引导的表语从句)在我看来，最棒的是我对自己的感觉。6．Igetrefreshedthroughclimbing，spendmoretimewithmydad，andgettomeetnewfriends.(get＋过去分词)通过攀岩，我重新焕发了活力，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，并开始结识新朋友。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。eq\x(enhance，refresh，absorb，dizzy，decideon，compose)WhenIsawsomestudentsdominatedbyalcohol，tobaccoordrug，Imadeupmymindtohelpthem“delete”thebadhabits.TofacilitateapositivechangewaswhyIposedofsurgeons，specialistsinpsychology，consultantsanddentists，whowouldregularlydeliverspeechesto2.enhancethesestudents’awarenessofphysicalhealth.Studentswererepeatedlyinformedofsometipsonhowtogetoutofapessimisticornegativestate，howtostaydynamicandhowtoget3.refreshedwhentheywerestressedoutorwornout.Tothesestudents，tobeexaminedonamonthlybasiswasnecessary.Theywerealsoadvisedtoparticipateinbowlingmatches，gotoskateboardingorgotoseeacomedytostimulatetheirenthusiasminlife.Studentsweregivensugarycookiesornutsstraightawayiftheyfelt4.dizzyorgottheflu.Throughtheseactivities，moststudents5.decidedonchangingtheirbadhabitsinrewardforourhelp.Theywouldrelyonself-disciplinetogovernthemselvesandcouldbe6.absorbedinstudyinginsteadofskippingclasses.Theypromisedtobehavethemselvesinresponsetoourpatientguidance.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇rewardn．回报；奖励；报酬vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬(rewardingadj.有益的；有意义的)•give/offerarewardtosb.for(doing)sth.为(做)某事而给某人报酬inreward(for)作为(对……的)回报、奖赏•rewardsb.withsth.for(doing)sth.为(做)某事用某物奖赏/酬谢某人(1)Ibenefitedalotfromtherewarding(reward)speechdeliveredbyaspecialistinpsychology.(2)Iwillrewardyouwithanelectricbikeforhelpingmegetridoftobaccoabuse.(3)我非常高兴向你介绍这个既有意义又重要的成人礼(coming-of-ageceremony)。成人礼过后，我们学生意识到我们必须更加努力学习，以回报老师和父母的耐心教导。(2020·天津，书面表达)Iammorethandelightedtointroducetherewardingandimportantcoming-of-ageceremonytoyou.Afterthat，westudentshaverealizedthatwemuststudyharderinrewardforourteachers’andparents’posevt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写(composern．作曲家compositionn．组成；构成；创作；作品)becomposedof/bemadeupof/becomprisedof/consistof由……组成(1)Thismandeserveshisfameasoneofthemostpopularcomposers(composer)inWesternmusicalhistory.(2)我强烈建议我们的英语电影欣赏课程由欣赏电影、讨论精彩台词和给电影配音组成。(应用文写作之建议信)①IstronglysuggestthatourEnglishfilmappreciationcourse(should)becomposedofenjoyingthefilm，talkingaboutwonderfulmovielinesanddubbing.(compose)②IstronglysuggestthatourEnglishfilmappreciationcourse(should)bemadeupofenjoyingthefilm，talkingaboutwonderfulmovielinesanddubbing.(makeup)absorbvt.吸引全部注意力；使专心/全神贯注；吸收(absorbedadj.专心致志的；全神贯注的)absorboneselfin＝beabsorbedin全神贯注于……absorb...from...从……中吸收……(1)Asweallknow，plantscanabsorbnutrientsfromthesoilaroundthem.(2)我的班主任全神贯注于他的教学，因此他经常忘了吃饭睡觉。①Myheadteacherabsorbshimselfin/isabsorbedinhisteaching，sohefrequentlyforgetsabouteatingorsleeping.②Absorbedinhisteaching，myheadteacherfrequentlyforgetsabouteatingorsleeping.(用形容词短语作状语改写)③Absorbinghimselfinteaching，myheadteacherfrequentlyforgetsabouteatingorsleeping.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)relyon/upon依赖；依靠；信赖(reliableadj.可信赖的；可依赖的；可靠的)rely/depend/counton/uponsb./sth.指望/依靠某人/某事relyon/uponsb.todosth.指望/相信某人会做某事relyon/uponitthat...相信……；指望……(1)Youcanrelyontheresponsibleconsultanttohelp(help)youout，becauseheisareliable(rely)person.(2)我最尊敬我叔叔，因为每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)①IrespectmyunclemostbecauseIcanrelyon/uponhimtooffermesomepracticalsuggestionswheneverIamintrouble.(relyon/uponsb.todo)②IrespectmyunclemostbecauseIcanrelyon/uponitthathecanoffermesomepracticalsuggestionswheneverIamintrouble.(relyon/uponitthat...)makeupone’smind下定决心changeone’smind改变主意bear/keep...inmind(bear/keepinmindthat...)将……记在心中comeintoone’smind进入某人的脑海mindone’sownbusiness别管闲事fixone’smindon/upon...全神贯注于(1)首先，记住你最好按时或者比约定的时间早一些。Firstofall，bear/keepinmindthatyouhadbetterarrivepunctuallyorsometimeearlierthantheappointedtime.(2)一旦他下定决心，什么都不能改变他的主意。他将全神贯注于他正在做的事情直到实现目标。Oncehehasmadeuphismind，nothingcanchangehismind.Hewillfixhismindon/uponwhatheisdoinguntilheachieveshisgoal.(3)突然，一个可怕的念头出现在我的脑海里。Suddenly，aterriblethoughtcameintomymind.stressedout疲惫不堪；焦虑不安(stressedadj.焦虑不安的stressn．压力vt.强调stressfuladj.压力重的；紧张的)understress在压力之下lay/place/putstresson/upon...强调……(1)Whenwearedepressedorstressedout，homeisalwaysashelterforustohavearest.(2)每次我有压力时，我都会毫不犹豫地向我的父母求助。EverytimeIamunderstress，Iwillturntomyparentsforhelpwithouthesitation.(3)正如多次强调的那样，学好英语对你们将来的职业发展非常重要。①IthasbeenstressedseveraltimesthatlearningEnglishwellisofgreatimportancetoyourcareerdevelopmentinthefuture.(it作形式主语)②Ashasbeenstressedseveraltimes，learningEnglishwellisofgreatimportancetoyourcareerdevelopmentinthefuture.(as引导非限制性定语从句)Igetrefreshedthroughclimbing，spendmoretimewithmydad，andgettomeetnewfriends.通过攀岩，我重新焕发了活力，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，并开始结识新朋友。•本句中的getrefreshed是getdone结构，表示被动或变化。•常见的getdone结构：getbroken破了getpunished受到惩罚gethurt受到伤害getadmitted被录取getmarried结婚getannoyed生气getexcited激动getseparated被分开(1)简一意识到自己在树林里迷了路，就吓得哭了起来。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)ThemomentJanerealizedthatshegotlostintheforest，shewaspanickedintocrying.(2)他生气了，双手颤抖。(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)Hegotannoyed，hishandstrembling.(3)得知你被北京大学录取，我写信祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)①LearningthatyougotadmittedtoPekingUniversity，Iamwritingtocongratulateyou.(现在分词短语作状语)②Iamwritingtocongratulateyouonyour/yougettingadmittedtoPekingUniversity.(动名词的复合结构)用法点拨和“be＋过去分词”一样，“get＋过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构。用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．abuseeq\x(A.vt.虐待B.vt.滥用C.n.滥用)(1)Heabusedalcoholandtobacco，sohewasphysicallyunhealthy.B(2)Maryhasadifficultlifeandisoftenabusedbyherstepmother.A(3)Toourshock，thepersonofhighranksufferedalotfromdrugabuse.C2．skipA.vt.不参加；不做B.vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走C.vi.&vt.略过(1)Iskippedoverthelastpartofthebook.C(2)Shewatchedherlittlegranddaughterskipdownthepath.B(3)Shemadeuphermindtoskiptheafternoon’sclass.A3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Itisaphysicalimpossibilitytobeintwoplacesatonce.符合自然法则的(2)Thecrisishadanegativeeffectontrade.不良的；有害的Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Iguaranteeyouthatifyoutakeexerciseonaregularbasis，youcankeepphysically(physical)healthy.2．Wheneversometroublesomeproblemsemerged，Iwouldrelyon/uponhimtogivemeahand.3．IwouldliketoinviteyoutotheexhibitioninrewardforyourtimelyandgeneroushelpduringmystayinBeijing.4．Imadeupmymindtodecline(decline)toacceptthepreciousvasethathepurchasedforme.5．Thesalesrepresentativewasfondofthebookanddecidedon/uponbuyingitstraightaway.6．Themusicalfestivalwasworthyofbeingseenanditwascomposedofmanyappealingprograms.7．Withsomanypeopleofhighrankcriticizingmynewlypublishedbook，Ifeltstressed(stress)out.8．Hungryandworn(wear)out，thesculptorlaydownontheground，wonderingwhattodonext.9．Absorbed(absorb)increatingrealisticpaintings，hehasgainedahighreputationathomeandabroad.10．Thedepressedrepresentativegotrefreshed(refresh)afterheranaroundtheschoolplaygroundforhalfanhour.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练话题写作之梦想1．给你们做有关梦想的演讲是我极大的荣幸。(不定式作主语)Togiveyoualectureaboutdreamsismygreathonor.2．我渴望成为一名医生，以便很多病人能被治愈。(getdone)Idesiretobecomeadoctorsothatmanypatientscangetcured.3．我完全知道的是我如何能实现我的梦想。(how引导的表语从句)WhatIcompletelyknowishowIcanrealizemydream.4．首先，每天有许多知识要掌握，因此我不会浪费任何时间。(Therebe＋n.＋todo)Firstofall，thereismuchknowledgetomastereveryda