中-1腹部超声扫查技术

Objectives

内容1. Patient

Preparation

动物准备2. Probes

–

which

to

use

and

when探头选择—用哪种和何时用3. Dorsal

versus

Lateral

Recumbency比较仰卧和侧卧4. Systematic

Approach

系统检查5. Imagingplanes/

orientation扫查方案/方向6.

Ergonomics

工效学Patient

Preparation动物准备1. Clip

hair

–

for

dorsal

recumbency

clip

along

last

rib

and

rest

ofabdomen剃毛—用于仰卧检查，从最后肋骨以下部位都剃Right

side

–

may

need

to

clip

more

by

caudal

ribcage右侧卧—需要在肋骨下方剃多些毛For

lateral

recumbency

need

to

clip

higher

on

sides对于侧卧的剃毛需要高点Patient

Preparation动物准备2. Clean

off

loose

hair将剃下的毛清理干净Brush

off,

use

vacuum,

or

wet

towel刷、吸尘器或湿毛巾3. Apply

gel

to

entire

abdomen在整个腹部涂布耦合剂Gel

Versus

Alcohol比较耦合剂和酒精Use

gel

when

possible

for

scanning探查时尽量用耦合剂Use

alcohol

for

small

areas

when

have

to

look

through

fur需要透过毛看的，可小范围使用Use

alcohol

for

aspirates

and

biopsies细针抽吸和活检时用Alcohol

dries

quickly干得快Patient

Preparation动物准备Have

to

Clip

the

Patient?一定要给患畜剃毛吗？Yes!

Whenever

possible

是的！尽可能剃毛We

use

electric

clippers

用电剃刀Imaging

through

fur

is

difficult

穿过毛成像很Probes:

what

to

use探头：用哪种探头Lower

mHz

probes(5-7.5

mHz)

for

deeper

structures

in

dogs低频率(5-7.5

mHz)用于犬深部结构Usually

sector

or

curvilinear

probe通常用扇形或曲线阵探头Liver,

head

of

spleen,

maybe

kidneys

and

adrenals肝脏、脾脏头，可能肾脏和肾上腺*Do

quick

scan

of

entire

abdomen

before

switching

tomakesure

not

missing

deep

lesions为了不遗漏腹部深处的病灶，在切换探头前做一个全面的腹部扫查Probes:

what to

use探头：用哪种Higher

mHz

probes

(7.5-13

mHz)

for

more

superficialstructures

in

dogs

and

entire

cat

abdomen检查和猫的整个高频率(7.5-13

mHz)

用于犬浅表的腹部探查Usually

linear

probe,

maybe

curvilinear通常是线阵探头，也有可能是曲线阵探头Body

of

spleen,

kidneys,

adrenals,

bladder,

GI

tract,lymph

nodes脾脏体、肾脏、肾上腺，

，消化道、淋Patient

Position动物摆位Dorsal

recumbency

(patient

on

its

back)

仰卧My

preferred

method

本人喜欢的摆位Keeps

anatomy

straight

in

my

mind

牢记解剖Use

trough

使用槽Lateral

Recumbency

(patient

on

it

e)

侧卧Good

if

patient

in

respiratory

distress如果呼吸

侧卧比较好May

be

easier

to

find

certain

structures

in

lateral可能找某些

会更容易Dorsal

Recumbency仰卧Trough槽Lateral

Recumbency侧卧Systematic

Approach系统检查Like

anything gnostic

Imaging

–

use

asystematic

approach与影像学任何检查相似—系统检查Look

atdon’t

fans

in

same

order

every

time,

so

youet

things，这样就不每次检查都按同样的顺序检查会遗漏Don’t

jump

to

obvious

lesion不要跳跃到明显的病灶My

sytematic

approach系统检查I

use

a

combination

of

region

and an

system我使用区域系统和

系统结合的方法Liver,

spleen,

urinary,

GI,

other肝、脾、泌尿、胃肠和其他Imaging

Order

探查顺序Liver

肝Spleen

脾12Imaging

Order

探查顺序3Kidneysand

Adrenals肾脏和肾上腺Bladder/urethra/prostate/

/前列腺43Imaging

Order

探查顺序55.

Stomach,Duodenum/Pancreas,

Smallintestines,

Colon胃/十二指肠/胰腺，小肠，结肠6.Lymph

nodes/CVC

and

AO淋

/后腔静脉和主动脉556

6Imaging

Order

探查顺序Other:

ovaries,

uterus,testicles,

masses,

otherabnormalities

not

alreadyinvestigated其他：，，睾丸，团块，和其他还没有被探查的异常发现查Order

(startwithlowerfrequency

probe)顺序（开始使用低频率探头）Liver,

head

of

spleen,

kidneys

and

adrenals,

“deep

sweep”肝脏、脾脏头、肾脏和肾上腺“深部扫查”Switch

to

higher

frequency

probe

indogs犬换到高频探头Spleen

(again

–

body

and

tail),

kidneys

and

adrenals

(again),

urinarybladder,

urethra

and

prostate,

GI

tract

–

stomach

(pancreas,)

duodenum(pancreas,)

rest

of

small

intestine

and

colon,

lymph

nodes

(

and

caudalaorta

and

CVC),

testes,

uterus

and

ovaries脾（再次扫查-体和尾）、肾脏和肾上腺（再次扫查）、、尿道和、胃肠道-胃（胰腺）十二指肠（胰腺）小肠和结肠、淋（主动脉和后腔静脉），、、Imaging

planes

探查切面Image

ENTIRE an

inboth

planes从两个不同切面扫查整个

的图像Follow

to

all

margins

to

be

sure

you

have

seen

thewhole

an要扫查Some某些的所有边缘以确保是扫查了整个ans

you

need

to

follow

(spleen)需要 扫查（脾脏）Small

intestines

cannot

befollowedwell

for

entirelength小肠太长了，很难

扫查Imaging

planes

探查切面Sagittal

and

transverse

planes

of

kidneys肾脏的纵切和横切Imaging

planes

探查切面Image

all

ans/structures

in

sagittal

(or

dorsal)

andtransverse

planes所有

和结构都要做纵切（或冠状）和横切Sagittal

纵切Transverse

横切Imaging

planes:

sagittal

(sag)探查切面：纵切（sag)Probe

is

parallel

to

long

axis

of

patient探头平行于患者长轴Imaging

planes:

sagittal

(sag)探查切面：纵切（sag)Probe

is

parallel

to

long

axis

of

patient探头平行于患者长轴Imaging

planes:

transverse

(trans)探查切面：横切（trans)Probe

is

perpendicular

to

long

axis

of

patient探头垂直于患者身体长轴Rotate

probe

toward

you

and

to

patient’s

right旋转探头，让探头朝检查者和患者的右侧Imaging

planes:

transverse

(trans)探查切面：横切（trans）Probe

is

perpendiculartolongaxisof

patient探头垂直于患者身体长轴Rotate

probe

toward

youandtopatient’s

right旋转探头，让探头朝向检查者，朝患者右侧Imaging

planes:

dorsal探查切面：冠状切Probe

is

parallel

to

long

axis

of

patient

BUT

on

lateralaspect

of

body探头平行于身体长轴，但从身体侧边扫查Imaging

planes:

orientation探查切面：方向Notch

on

one

end

of

probe

correlates

with

image

onscreen

探头缺口与屏幕上图像一致Imaging

planes:

orientation

for

sagittal探查切面：纵切方向Notchonend

ofprobe

facescranial/

toward

the

head探头上的缺口朝颅部（头部）Imaging

planes:

orientation

forsagittal探查切面：纵切时方向Notchcorresponds

tomarker

(*)onscreen,

which

alsois

thecranial

aspect

of

the

structure缺口与图像上的标记*对应该,部位是被检

的颅cranialcaudalImaging

planes:

orientation

for

transverse探查切面：横切时方向Notch

on

probe

is

toward

the

RIGHT

aspect

ofthepatient

andstructure

imaged缺口对患者和被检

的右侧Imaging

planes:

orientation

for

transverse探查切面：横切方向Notchcorresponds

tomarker

(*)onscreen,

which

alsois

the

RIGHT

aspect

of

the

patient

and

structureimaged缺口是图像上的标记*，rightleftIf

this

is

a

sagittal

view

of

the

left

kidney,which

is

the

cranial

pole?如果这是左肾的纵切图，哪是颅部？If

this

is

a

transverse

view

of

the

left

kidney,

whichside

is

towards

midline

of

the

body?如果这是左肾的横切图，哪一侧是靠近身体中线的？Probe

movement:

Fanning探头运动：扇扫Probe

Movement:

Sliding探头运动：平移Sedation

–——我需要need

to

sedate?吗？Not

every

patient

–

we

usually

do

not

sedate不是所有的患畜—

通常不Use