2023年北京海淀高三一模英语及答案

1/91/920232023.04本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试完毕后,将本试卷和答题纸并交回。〔共两节，30分〕第一节〔101.515分〕阅读下而短文，把握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选岀最正确选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。My.friendshipwiththestudentsinaprimaryschoolinUgandastartedonashakyground.The]ofnotbeingunderstoodwashiddenwithin,fortheyspokealanguagedifferentfromthatofmineandminetoofellondeafears.Igreetedthemwithawidesmile,andwhenIspokefurthetheyrepliedwithicecold2Areminderechoedinmymind:youmustlivethroughittogettothem.SoIgaveitanother.try;Ispoke3Englishwithhandgesturesandabitofdancing・Ifallfailed,thesmilewould4Soonwepickedupandthenthe5ofthelearnerscameintoplay.Atthementionofaname,tremblesandfacecoveringweretheresponseIgot.Idecidedtoadeskwithateameachdayduringgroupworktogetcloser.Afterschool.Iaccompaniedthemhome・7webecamefriends.Theywereevenawareofmyfavoritefruit,avocado 〔牛油果〕：IfIdidn”tgetoneonmydesk,itwould8mewhereverIwas.Myslipperswerewornout.OnenightIleftthemoutasnoonecouldstealapairofslippersinthatstate·Thenextmorning,IwasreadytodragmyslippersonasusualandIwassurprisedtheyhadbeen9Wow!1.A.angerB.fearC.confusionD.disappointment2.A.agreementB.blameC.commentD.silence3.A.simpleB.officialC.academicD.unusual4.A.turnupBbreakoffC.takeoverD.fade1.A.angerB.fearC.confusionD.disappointment2.A.agreementB.blameC.commentD.silence3.A.simpleB.officialC.academicD.unusual4.A.turnupBbreakoffC.takeoverD.fadeaway5.A.shynessB.lazinessC.lonelinessD.calmness6.A.clearB.shareC.searchD.exchange7.A.SuddenlyB.ObviouslyC.AccidentallyD.Gradually&A.hitB.findC.catchD.hunt9.A.packedB:cleanedC.repairedD.abandoned10.A.sympathyB.admirationC.friendshipD.confidence其次节语法填空〔101515分〕1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空」ABrianSkerryisanunderwaterphotojournalistAspartofhisjob,heencountersmysterioussea11〔creature〕suchaswhalesandsharks.TogetthebestphotoSkerrygetsclosetothewildlife―venifitsdangerous.OnetimeinMexico,asquidgabbedSkerryashe12・(take)aphoto.WhydoesSkerrytaketheserisks?Hehopeshisphotographswillmakepeoplethinkaboutlifeintheoceans ・AsSkerrysays,“Theoceansareinrealtrouble.Asajournalist,themostimportantthingIcandoistoraisepublic13(aware)/”BInthepastfewyears,researchersatLandUniversity14(publish)severalpapersondogs，abilitytodetectthewarmthofabodywithouttouchingit.Theirresultsshowthat,from5feetaway,dogscanreliablytellthedifference15a4-inchobjectatbodytemperatureandoneatroomtemperature・Thescientistsidentifiedasetofnervesinadog”snose16appeartoberesponsible・Theskinonadog”snosecanabsorbthetinyamountofinfraredlight(红夕卜线)leakingfromawarmobject,andthenervesinsidetheskinquicklysensethatextraenergy,17(signal)tothebrainthatsomethingwarmisnearby.CSomeAmericancitiesarebanningdrive-throughwindowsatfast-foodrestaurants.Therearetwobasicreasonsforthebans:concernfortheenvironmentandtheneed18(fight)obesity・IntheUS.mostadultsdriveautomobilesandalmost40%oftheadultsareovenveight.That”spartly19peopleareworriedabouttheenvironmentandunhealthydiets・Supportersofthebanshopefewerdrive-throughwindows20(reduce)litterandairpollutionfromcustomersdrivingcars.Sonicalsothinkthatpeoplewillchoosehealthierfoodifthereisnolongertheconvenienceofadrive-throughwindow.14228分)

其次局部：阅读理解(共两节，38分)阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AEmergenciesarescary,butthereisnowanewsmartringonthemarketthatwillquicklycallforhelpwhenyouneeditmost.MeetNinib,aringthatincludesapanicbutton.Itletsyousendemergencyalerts(警扌艮)topresetcontactsfromitsmobileappwiththetouchofathumb.Whetheryouarebeingattackedorexperiencingaserioushealthproblem,Nimbwillhelpkeepyousafeandsound.SmartRingtotheRescueThestorybehindthedevelopmentwiththisnewtechnologyisuniqueandtouching.In2023,KathyRoma,whoistheco-founderandcommunicationsleadwithNimb.wasviolentlyattackedbyacompletestrangerandwasonthebrinkofdeath.Shesufferedmultiplestabwoundsinasafeneighborhood,justafewfeetawayfromapolicestation.Hersavinggracewasn*tjustherfightanddrivetosurvive,butthecallforhelp・Sincethen,shehasbeensearchingtofindawayforotherstohaveavoicewhenthey”remneedofhelpandhasbeenadrivingforceinthedevelopmentofthisnewtechnology.AndNimbiseasytouse・Allyouneedtodowhenyourcontacts・Yourcontactswillgetinstantemergencyalertsontheirsmartphonesandtablets.Tliissmartringtracksyourexactlocationinrealtimeandyourcontactswillknowwhereyouareatalltimes・Nimb”sappmcludesaiialertcard,andbuilt-inchatandnotificationfeatures.Theringiscompatible(兼容的)withBluetooth4+,iOS7+andAndroid4+.ItisalsoequippedwitharechargeableLiPoBatterythatwilllastabouttwoweeks,andisdesignedtowithstandwateranddust.Nimb:StavSafeinStyleWhatmakesthissmartringextraspecialisthatitiscoolandfuturisticlooking・Ilcomesintwocolors:StealthBlackandClassicWhite・TheringisavailableinUSringsizes4・12,whichmeansyoucanwearitonanyofyourfingers.There”snodoubtthisnewtechnologywillbeahitonthemarket:everyonewantstohavethatextrapieceofmindwhenitconiesto2/93/9healthandsafety.NimbretailsforSI29.21Nimbisdesignedtohelpusers .relievepaininstressfulsituationswarnfriendsofsurroundingdangerscallcontactsforhelpinemergencieskeeptrackofserioushealthproblemsKathyRomagottheideaofNimbfrom .herexperienceofbeingattackedherdesiretohaveavoiceintechnologyherdreamoffoundingherowncompanyherdrivetosurvivefromaseriousdiseaseHowdoyouuseNimbwhenyouareintrouble?Byeditinganemergencymessage・Bypressingabuttonforthreeseconds・Bytrackingthelocationofpresetcontacts・Bysendingalertstothesmartphonesnearby.BItwasareadingclass・Whileallherclassmateswereflyingthroughthe2ndand3rdbooksinthe HarryPotterseriesSkyeMalik,onlyonfourofthefirstbook,gotimpossiblystuckontheword“doughnut^.Herunexpecteddifficultywithreadingiscalleddyslexia.Skyegotaprofessionaldiagnosisattheendofthe2ndgrade.Knowingthatotherkidsweregoingthroughthesamethingmadeiteasieronhersomehow.Whatwasn”teasyevenafterallthehelpshegotfromspecialtutorsandreadingprograms,wasfluentreading・Whatmanypeopledowithoutthinking-reading-shehadtostrugglewithwordbyword,sometimesletterbyletter.Inclass,shewouldheartheotherkidsflipthroughthesonassignmentsandgoontothequestionswhileshewasstilldoingbattlewiththefirstparagraph・Shewasasfrustratedasshewasdiscouraged.Butshedidn*tknowofanyotherwayuntilher4lhgradeteacher.MissPollock.toldheraboutsomethingcalledLearningAlly.LearningAllyisanon-profitorganizationthatoffersaudioversionsofbooks.Acrewofvolunteerreadershasrecorded75,000classicnovels,children”sbooks,andschooltextbooksthathelpmorethan300.000studentsandadultswithlearningdifferencesorwhoareblind.NowSkyecouldlistentothebookswithherearsandfollowthewordswithhereyesonthe,Insteadofhavinghermotherreadhertextbookstoher.shecouldindq)endentlydoherwork.“WithLeammgAlly,Ifeelconfidentandcapableandcaneasilykeepupwithmyclassmates/*Skyeexplains、“andIwantotherkidstofeelempowered,justdiewayIdid.””SoSkye,nowaged16,createdTliePacoProjectwhichwasnamedafterhergrandfatherwhosemcknamewas“Paco“.ThePacoProjectisafundraiserandeducationalinitiativefocusingongivingstudentswithdyslexiaaccesstothesameLearningAllytechnologythatchangedherlife・Skyehasrealizedthatsheisoneoftheluckykidswhohavebeendiagnosed・Sheknowsthateducatingteachersaboutdyslexiaandgivingstudentswiththelearningchallengethetoolstheyneedisagreatfirststepinmeetingdyslexiaheadon,andhelpingthembeconfident,capablestudents・“Rightnowtheyfeelstiick-ashamcd.unsureandinsecureabouttheirschoolwork.IfIcouldhelpstopthesestudentsfeelingthisway,thatwouldmeantheworldtome.“Accordingtothepassage,Skye ・foundawayoutwiththehelpofMissPollockfeltannoyedatbeingteasedbyherclassmatespreferredreadingthefirstbookofHarryPotterwasdiagnosedwithdyslexiainherfourthgrade25・ThePacoProjectwascreated ・topromoteLearningAllytechnologytoempowerthosewithreadingdifficultywithinspiration&omSkyesgrandfatherinresponsetothegrowingdemandsofteachersThepassagemainlyabout ・whatpeoplewithdyslexiaaresufferingwhatmeasuresareneededtobeatdyslexiahowLearningAllyinfluencedpeoplewithdyslexiahowSkyebattledagainstdyslexiaandhelpedothersCThephilosopherMartinBuber,ismostknownforhisworkon^I-TlioiVYou“relationshipsinwhichpeople:areopen,direct,nmtiiallyinterestedineachotlier.Incontrast,relationshipsarethoseinwhichweusetheotherlikeanobject,tosolveourproblemsandfulfillourneedsandpurposes.Itisnotourfaultthatmanyofourrelationshipsareorbecomerelationshipsbecausemostofwhatwefeetthinkanddoismotivatedbyunconsciousmemoriesofhowtosurvivetheenvironmentintowhichwewereborn.Thus,oneofthereasonsweuseotherpeopletohelpusfeelbetteraboutourselvesandcopeintheworldisthatusingpeoplewasoncenecessaryanditworked.Whenweweresmallandhelpless,”Itcameandfedus,andheldus,andsetusonourway.Wedidn”thavetoreciprocateandcareforEvenwhenthecareandattentionof“I广wasnimuiialorunpredictable,ifwegotoutofcluldlioodalite,somewherealongthewayIt”wasinvoked.Freudcalledthisstageofearlylife”primarynarcissism”，whichisourinstinct〔本能〕forself-preservationandisanormalpayofourdevelopment.Whilemostofusgrowoutofit.westillholdasurvivalfear,whichmotivatestoescapedangerandtostayalive・andweallneedthisfearinhealthymeasure・Theproblemisthattoomanyofusmuchorthetime,areinaconstantstatethreat-andweoftendoiftknowit.Weimaginepeoplearetalkingaboutusbehindourbacks,thatwehavecancer,thatweareinadequate,andvulnerabletomorethanourshareofbadluck.Asourbrainhavegrowninsizeandcomplexity・sohasourabilitytoscareourselves・Thiscausesmanyproblems,Forexample,ourstresslevelsincrease,ourdigestionisimpairedandourthinkingbecomesrestricted·Ourthreatresponsestopsanybodilyfimction,feeluig,thoughtandbehaviorthatmight””waste“energyanddetractfromfightingorescapingdanger.Thus,wheninthreat,ouremotional,cognitiveandbehavioralrangeissignificantlyreduced・Andinthisreducedstate,oneofoursolutionsistofindsomeonewhocansaveandcomfortus.Instcadofenablingustobeopen,directandmutual,fearandanxietyleadustowardsconversationsandchoicesinourrelationswithothersthatareorientatedtowardssurvivingnotthriving〔强健成长〕.Threat-motivatedrelationshipsarecharacterizedbyneed,dependency,control,demand,dishonesty,andself-interest.Wecaimotformthel-Thon”relationshipsthatBuberspeaksofimtilwehax-elearnedtonotice,comfort,andunderstandtheemotionsandpatternsofourthreatbrain.Wheninthreat,wetendtouseotherpeopleasobjectswhocansaveandprotectus,orwhowecanblameforourproblems.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordreciprocate””inParagraph2probablymean?A.Returnthefavour.B.Askforsomeadvice・C.Conveyanapology. D.Makesomecomments.2&Whatcanweleamabout“primarynarcissism”?A.Itleadstooursurvivalfear.C.Itimpactsourgrowthnegatively.

B.11isnormalandusuallytemporary.D.ItlaysthefoundationforFreud”stheory.Whichofdiefollowingcouldbeanexampleof“I-It”relationships?A.Comfortinganupsetfriend.C.Tryinghardtobeindependent.

B.FeelingsorryforyourmistakesD.Askingotherstotakeonyourtask・Whatwouldbethebesttileforthispassage?HowWeCanFormthefcI-ThoifRelationshipsHowWeCanGetOutofthefcl-lfRelationshipsWhyWeTeatOthersasObjectsRatherThanIndividualsWhatHelpsUsSurviveandThriveinEarlyStagesofLifeDMoveOver,SelflshGeneEvolutiontraditionallyhasaproblemwithnicepeople.Ifonlythefittestindividualssurvive, 〔henthosewhoarenicetoothersattheirownexpensewillsurelyheweededout.Yetcooperationiswidespreadinnature,fromplantsalertingeachothertodangertodolphinscooperatingtoroundupfish.Adecades-oldideacalledkinselectioncanexplainsonicofthis:iforganisms〔生物〕haveenoughDNAincommon,thentheycanfurthertheirownselfishgenesbyhelpingoneanothe匚Beesandantshaveasystemofreproductionwhichleavescolonymemberssocloselyrelatedthattheyactalmostasasinglesuper-organismAndamonganysexuallyreproducingspeciesparentalcarehelpsindividualspassontheirgenes・Butkinselectioncannotexplainwhyhumansaresonicetostrangers・Oneideaisthatwehaveevolvedtobesuper-cooperativebecause,overtime,morecooperativegroupshaveoutcompetedlesscooperativeones.Buttheregenerallyisn”tenoughgeneticvariationbetweengroupstoallownaturalselectiontofavormorecooperativeones・Someresearchersthinkthesolutionliesinanideacalledculturalgroupselectio・Forgetsharedgenes,theyargue.Selectioncanfavorcooperativegroupsifthepeoplewithinthemshareenoughculture.Theideaiscontroversialbecausetoworkitrequiresthatgroupsremainculturallydistinct,Ascriticspointout.peopletendtomigrate〔迁移〕betweengroups,whichshouldhomogenize〔使同质化〕ideasandcustoms.Thosewhobacktheconceptcounterthatgroupshavewaystomaintaintheirdistinctculture,includingaprocesscallednom〔准则〕enforcement.Putsimply,ifsomeonemigratesintoanewculturalgroup,theyarepressuredintofollowingthelocalrulesbecausefailingtodosoleadstopunishment.Earlierthisyear,MathewandHandleyatArizonaStateUniversitypublishedastudytestingtheidea・Theysampled759peoplefromfourethnicgroupsinKenyawhocompeteintensivelyforland,waterandlivestock・Thepairestimatedthatgeneticdifferencesbetweenindividualsfromdifferentgroupswasgenerallylessthan15%・Culturalpracticesandbeliefsvariedmuchmore,by107to20%.Peoplecooperatedmostwithmembersoftheirowngroup,asculturalgroupselectionpredicts,andtoalesserextentwithmembersofothergroupswhosenormsmostcloselymatchedtheirown.Thatmakessenseifcultureratherthangeneticsiswhatmatters.“Itliuikthisisoneofthemostexplicittestsofculturalgroupselectiontheorysofar/”saysMathew.Noteveryoneispersuaded・KrasnowatHarvardUniversityseesnotheoreticalflawwiththeidea,butsaysthatsomeofhisresearchunderminesit.Hehasfoundthatpeopledon”tjustenforcetheruleswithintheirgroup・bulalsopunishpeoplefromothergroupswhofailtofollowtheirowngroup”snorms.Mathewcountersthatitisreasonabletoenforcethenormsonoutsidersasasteptowardsincorporating〔使并入〕themintoyourculmralgroup,fcfcTliisisoftenhowempiresexpand/”shesays・31・Theexampleofbeesandantsisusedto ・highlightthesignificantroleofreproductiondemonstratetheefficiencyofasuper-organismrevealwhyparentscareabouttheirselfishgenesexplainthecauseoforganismshelpingoneanotherFortheideaofculturalgroupselectiontowork・apre-conditionisthat .cooperativegroupshavealargerchanceofsurxivalgeneticvariationsinthesameculturalgrouparesmallculturaldifferencesareweakenedwithpeoplemigratingculturaldistinctivenesscanbepreservedwithcertainmethods33・Thetextisdevelopedmainlythrough ・sortinginformationintodifferenttopicsnarratingeventsintimeorderpresentingdoubtsandexploringanswersdiscussingsimilaritiesanddifferences34.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat ・cultureplaysamoresignificantroleinchoosingcooperatorsbeingselfishisofvitalimportanceforanindividualtosurviveMatliew”sstudyresultcontradictswhatculturalgroupselectionpredictspeoplejoininganewgroupwillbepunishedfornotkeepingtheirownculture其次节〔5210分〕依据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最正确选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。TheChangingLandscapeoftheMusicBusinessThemusicindustryisintheprocessofagreatchange.Inthepastdecades,artistsmademoneythroughphysicalsalesofrecords,CDs,andcassettes,Whi