考研考博-英语-成都工贸职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-成都工贸职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thestatisticalfiguresinthatreportarenot（）.Youshouldnotrefertothem.

问题1选项

A.accurate

B.fixed

C.delicate

D.rigid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。accurate“精确的”；fixed“确定的，固执的”；delicate“微妙的，精美的”；rigid“严格的，僵硬的”。句意：那份报告中的统计数字是不精确的，你不应该参考它们。A项符合题意。

2.单选题

Youshouldtryto（

）yourambitionandbemorerealistic.

问题1选项

A.reserve

B.restrain

C.retain

D.reclaim

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。reserve意为“预定，储存，保留”；restrain意为“抑制，压抑”；retain意为“保持”；reclaim意为“开拓，开垦”。

句意：你应该控制你的野心，更现实一点。

3.单选题

Peopleweresurprisedtofindthathehadtheabilityto（）everythinghewasinvolvedin.

问题1选项

A.precede

B.dominate

C.pervade

D.denominate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项precede“领先，在……之前”，指在次序或地位上先于或高于；B项dominate“控制，支配”，指施加决定性、引导性影响于……；C项pervade“遍及，弥漫”，D项denominate“为……命名；把……称作……”。句意：人们惊讶地发现，他有能力支配他所参与的一切。根据句意，该题选B正确。

4.单选题

Atsomedeeperlevel,wemaystillinstinctively____thekindofheroicbehaviorweclaimisforeigntous.

问题1选项

A.exaggerate

B.idealize

C.idolize

D.ignore

【答案】D

【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项exaggerate“夸张”；B选项idealize“理想化”；C选项idolize“极端崇拜”；D选项ignore“忽视”。句意：在更深层次上，我们可能仍然本能地____某种英雄行为，我们声称这种行为对我们来说是陌生的。根据“我们声称这种行为对我们来说是陌生的”推断，我们应该是熟悉这种行为，但却说陌生，D选项ignore“忽视”最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

5.单选题

Wecanhardlyavoidmakinganymistakesinourwork____hardwetry.

问题1选项

A.whatever

B.how

C.nomatter

D.however

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句。此句为让步状语从句，根据后面的副词hard可以判断，答案只能从B和D选择，D项however=nomatterhow，根据句意：无论我们多么努力，在工作中都会不可避免地犯错误，因此D更合适。

6.单选题

Shehastobevery______becauseshehasn’tmuchmoney.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.economical

C.sparing

D.careful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项economic“经济学的，经济上的”，B项economical“经济的，节约的”，C项sparing“适度的”，D项careful“仔细的，小心的”。根据后面的句子hasn’tmuchmoney“没有太多钱”可知，空格部分表示“节省，节俭”符合语境。句意：她必须非常节俭，因为她没有多少钱。因此，该题选择B项正确。

7.单选题

Notuntilthe1850s（

）inNewYorkseektorescuehistoricbuildingsfromdevastationoralteration.

问题1选项

A.someconcernedcitizens

B.didsomeconcernedcitizens

C.somecitizensconcerned

D.whensomeconcernedcitizensdid

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：直到19世纪50年代，在纽约，一些忧心忡忡的市民开始寻求使历史文物免遭毁坏或改变的方法。当notuntil位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，将助动词放到主语前。

8.单选题

Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofsocialgroupintheUnitedStates.Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroup,oneormorepersonsmaygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformalprocessofselection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.

Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusualpersonalability,decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon；rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.

Furthermore,althoughitiscommonlysupposedthatsocialgroupshaveasingleleader,researchsuggeststhattherearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto“getthingsdone”.Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingofasocialgroup’smembers.Expressiveleadersarelessconcernedwiththeoverallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotionalsupporttogroupmembersandattemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamongthem.Groupmembersexpectexpressiveleaderstomaintainstablerelationshipswithinthegroupandprovidesupporttoindividualmembers.

Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers.Theygiveordersandmaydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibitattainmentofthegroup’sgoals.Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup.Theyoffersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesorissubjectedtodiscipline,arequicktolightenaseriousmomentwithhumor,andtrytoresolveissuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.Asthedifferencesinthesetworolessuggest,expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyamoredistantrespect.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingwaysbywhichpeoplecanbecomeleadersEXCEPT

3.Inmentioning“naturalleaders”inparagraphtwo,theauthorismakingthepointthat

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutleadershipcanbeinferredfromparagraphtwo?

5.Thepassageindicatesthatinstrumentalleadersgenerallyfocuson

问题1选项

A.Theproblemsfacedbyleaders

B.Howleadershipdiffersinsmallandlargegroups

C.Howsocialgroupsdeterminewhowillleadthem

D.Theroleofleadersinsocialgroups

问题2选项

A.recruitment.

B.formalelectionprocess.

C.specificleadershiptraining.

D.traditionalculturalpatterns.

问题3选项

A.fewpeoplequalifyas“naturalleaders'

B.thereisnoproofthat“naturalleaders”exist.

C.“naturalleaders”areeasilyacceptedbythemembersofasocialgroup.

D.“naturalleaders”shareasimilarsetofcharacteristics.

问题4选项

A.Apersonwhoisaneffectiveleaderofaparticulargroupmaynotbeaneffectiveleaderofanothergroup.

B.Fewpeoplesucceedinsharingaleadershiprolewithanotherperson.

C.Apersoncanbestlearnhowtobeaneffectiveleaderbystudyingresearchonleadership.

D.Mostpeopledesiretobeleadersbutcanproducelittleevidenceoftheirqualifications.

问题5选项

A.ensuringharmoniousrelationship.

B.sharingresponsibilitywithgroupmembers.

C.identifyingnewleaders.

D.achievingagoal.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一句，“thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofsocial…”，开篇点题，在美国有很多种方式成为某个团体的领导者。所以主要阐述不同领导者在社会中的角色。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，在家庭、友谊小组或更大的群体中，领导产生的方式不相同，探讨了每一种团体的领导产生方式。选项C符合题意。

3.信息推断题。根据文章第二段，“decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”，数十年都没有充足的证据来证明存在“天生领导者”，选项B符合题意。

4.信息推断题。考查对第二段文意的理解。文中提到只要一个人有特定的资质就能成为领导人。根据文章“anypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup”，可以成为特定团体的领导者。选项A符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“…maydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibitattainmentofthegroup’sgoals.”，“…iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,…”根据这两句可以得出，工具性领导者更加注重目标一些。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Moneywages,interestratesandtaxpaymentshaveallbeenadjustedto______the10percentriseintheaveragelevelofprices.

问题1选项

A.minglewith

B.pickup

C.tuckin

D.allowfor

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项minglewith“和……混合”，B项pickup“捡起，获得，收拾”，C项tuckin“紧缩，塞入，尽情地吃”，D项allowfor“考虑到，虑及”。由Moneywages,interestratesandtaxpaymentshaveallbeenadjusted“货币工资、利率和税收都进行了调整”和the10percentriseintheaveragelevelofprices“平均价格水平10%的增长”可知，“获得”符合语境。句意：货币工资、利率和税收都进行了调整，以加快平均价格水平10%的增长。因此，该题选择B项正确。

10.单选题

（

）John,Ibegantotrustmyfeelingsandbegantobelieveinmyability.

问题1选项

A.Dueto

B.Obligedto

C.Byvirtueof

D.Thanksto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:由于约翰，我开始相信自己的感觉和能力。

短语辨析。Dueto因为,由于;Obligedto不得不(做),后面不接原因状语;Byvirtueof由于,凭借;Thanksto幸亏,由于,可以引导原因状语。故选D。

11.翻译题

4.Whenpeoplefaceachallengetheysometimestalkabouttakingadeepbreathtofindcourageorstrength.Infact,theword“inspire”literallymeans“tobreathein”.Butevenwiththeinspirationofothers,it’sunderstandablethatwesometimesthinktheworld’sproblemsaresobigthatwecandolittletohelp.Onourown,wecannotendwarsorwipeoutinjustice,butthecumulativeimpactofthousandsofsmallactsofgoodnesscanbebiggerthanweimagine.

【答案】【参考译文】

4.遭遇挑战的人们有时会说，深吸一口气，拿出勇气和力量。事实上，“鼓舞”的字面意思就是“吸气”。可即便受到他人鼓舞，我们有时还是发现，这个世界的问题太大，我们所做的不过杯水车薪，这是可以理解的。就我们自己而言，我们无法结束战争，扫荡不公，可成千上万微不足道的善行累加起来，却能产生我们想象不到的影响。

12.单选题

Nick’snewnovelprovesheisn’tjustaflashinthe（）.

问题1选项

A.sky

B.pan

C.house

D.dark

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。aflashinthepan“昙花一现，转瞬即逝，多用来形容某事持续时间短”。句意：尼克的新小说证明他并不是昙花一现。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell.

B.Sheisunderpressure.

C.Shedoesn’tliketheweather.

D.Sheisfeelingrelieved.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Areyouhavinganyproblemslikeweakness,fatigue,orheadaches?

W:Well,Icertainlyfeltundertheweather.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】常用习语。女士说Icertainlyfeltundertheweather，即她觉得身体不适。

14.单选题

Scientistshavedevelopedaslimmingdrugthatsuccessfullysuppressesappetiteandresultsinadramaticlossofweightwithoutanyapparentilleffects.

问题1选项

A.科学家们己经研制出了一种减肥药,它能有效地抑制食欲,导致体重显著下降而无任何明显的不良反应。

B.科学家们己经开发出了一种减肥药,它能成功地控制食欲,使体重显著下降,同时有明显的不良反应。

C.科学家们己经研制出了一种减食疗法的药,它能有效地抑制食欲,导致体重显著下降而无任何明显的不良反应。

【答案】A

【解析】首先，“slimmingdrug”应翻译为减肥药，没有提及减食疗法，所以首先排除选项C；根据“withoutanyapparentilleffects.”可知，应该是没有明显的不良反应，所以选项B错误。选项A翻译最为准确。

15.单选题

（）me,IthinkanEnglish-ChinesedictionaryismuchmorehelpfultoourstudythananallEnglishdictionary.

问题1选项

A.Asfaras

B.As

C.Asfor

D.Asregard

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。asfor“对……来说，就……而言”。句意：对我来说，我认为一本英汉字典要比一本全英字典要好。根据句意可知C为正确答案。

16.单选题

Inyourteens,peer-groupfriendshipsmay（）fromparentsasthemajorinfluenceonyou.

问题1选项

A.takecontrol

B.takeplace

C.takeup

D.takeover

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组固定搭配。takeoverfrom“取而代之”。选项D符合题意。

17.填空题

Peoplearemostlikelytosaytheyhavebeendreamingiftheyareawakenedduringaperiodofso-calledrapideyemovement,atthistimedistinctivechangesinbrainactivityareobservable.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Dthis改为which

【解析】【考查点】从句。

【解题思路】D部分引导定语从句，对rapideyemovement进行修饰，D部分在从句中充当状语，this不能引导从句，which代表物，可以在这里引导从句。

【句意】如果人们在所谓的眼球快速运动时期醒来，可以观察到大脑活动的显著变化，那么他们最有可能说自己一直在做梦。

18.单选题

Henrywastheonlyonewhoknewhowtocookbecausehehad_______inthekitchenwhenhewasaboy.

问题1选项

A.helpedabout

B.helpedout

C.helpedwith

D.helpedup

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“helpedabout”意为“就……帮忙”；B选项“helpedout”意为“帮助……摆脱困难；帮忙”；C选项“helpedwith”意为“帮某人做……；在某方面帮助”；D选项“helpedup”意为“把（某人）扶起来，帮助（某人）往上搬东西”。句意：亨利是唯一会做饭的人，因为他小时候在厨房里帮过忙。由题干可知，Henrywastheonlyonewhoknewhowtocook（亨利是唯一会做饭的人），所以可以推测出亨利小时候在厨房帮过忙。因此B选项符合题意。

19.单选题

Forgatheringdataaboutindividualsorgroupsatdifferentdevelopmentallevels,researcherscanusetworelatedresearchdesigns:longitudinalandcross-sectional.

Alongitudinalstudyisonethatmeasuresabehaviororacharacteristicofanindividualoveraperiodoftime,perhapsdecades.AnexampleofsuchastudyistheBerkeleyGrowthStudybegunin1928byNancyBayley.Thestudyfocusedonagroupof74white,middleclassnewborns.Astheygrewolder,extensivemeasuresoftheirintellectual,personality,andmotordevelopmentwererecorded.Thesubjectswerestudiedformorethanthirtyyears.

Thelongitudinalresearchdesignisapowerfultechniqueforseekingunderstandingsoftheeffectsofearlyexperiencesonlaterdevelopment.Also,differencesinorstabilityofbehaviorsorcharacteristicsatdifferentagescanbedetermined.Longitudinalstudies,however,areexpensivetoconduct,time-consuming,andheavilycontingent

onthepatienceandpersistenceoftheresearchers.Thefindingsofalongitudinalstudymaybejeopardizedbyrelocationofsubjectstoanotherpartofthecountryandbyboredomorirritationatrepeatedtesting.Anotherdisadvantageisthatsocietychangesfromonetimetoanotherandthesubjectsparticipatinginthestudyreflecttosomedegreesuchchanges.Themethodsofstudyorthequestionsguidingtheresearchersmayalsochangefromonetimetoanother.Ifproperlyconducted,however,longitudinalstudiescanproduceuseful,directinformationaboutdevelopment.

Across-sectionalstudyisoneinwhichsubjectsofdifferingagesareselectedandcomparedonaspecificbehaviororcharacteristic.Theyarealikewithrespecttosocioeconomicstatus,sex,oreducationallevel.Forexample,aresearchermaybeinterestedinlookingatchangesinintelligenceoverathirty-yearperiod.Threegroupsofsubjects,agesten,twenty,andthirty,maybeselectedandtested.Conclusionsaredrawnfromthetestdata.

Thecross-sectionalresearchdesignhastheclearadvantageofbeinglessexpensivetoconductandcertainlylesstime-consuming.Themajordisadvantageisthatdifferentindividualswhomakeupthestudysamplehavenotbeenobservedovertime.Noinformationaboutpastinfluencesondevelopmentoraboutage-relatedchangesissecured.Likelongitudinalstudies,thecross-sectionalmethodscannoterasethegenerationalinfluencethatexistswhensubjectsstudiedarebornatdifferenttime.Psychologistsarenowbeginningtouseanapproachthatcombineslongitudinalandcross-sectionalresearchmethods.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthedisadvantagesofalongitudinalresearch?

2.Theword"contingent"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans______.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Oneofthedifferencesbetweencross-sectionalresearchandlongitudinalresearchisthat______.

问题1选项

A.Thesubjectsmaybecomeirritatedatrepeatedtesting.

B.Theparticipantsinthestudymaynotstayinoneplaceformanyyears.

C.Thebehaviorofasubjectinthestudymaybemeasuredcontinuouslyformanyyears.

D.Socialchangesmaybereflectedinthebehaviorsofthesubjectsparticipatinginthestudy.

问题2选项

A.dependent

B.consecutive

C.determined

D.continual

问题3选项

A.Thesubjectsinacross-sectionalresearcharenotofthesameagegroup.

B.Themethodsofstudyinlongitudinalresearchwillnotchangeovertime.

C.Longitudinalresearchisreliableonlyinseekingunderstandingsoftheeffectsofearlyexperiencesonlaterdevelopment.

D.Cross-sectionalmethodsarenotusuallyadoptedinstudying,forexample,thechangesinintelligenceoverathirty-yearperiod.

问题4选项

A.thelatterusuallyfocusesononlyonesubject,whiletheformerinvolvesgroupsofsubjects

B.theformercanbefreefromtheinfluenceofsocialchanges

C.thelattercanbefreefromtheinfluenceofsocialchanges

D.theformercostslessmoneyandtakeslesstime

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题干：下列哪项不是纵向研究的缺点之一？文章第二段说到纵向研究的特点和有点，第三段说到了纵向研究的缺点。第二段第一句“Alongitudinalstudyisonethatmeasuresabehaviororacharacteristicofanindividualoveraperiodoftime,perhapsdecades”与C选项符合。因此C选项符合题意。

2.词义题。由词语定位到第三句，分析句子结构可知“contingent”是并列谓语之一。前半句说到纵向研究费用高、耗时长，因此要依靠耐心和毅力才能坚持下来。因此A选项符合题意。

3.判断推理题。题干：下列哪个陈述是正确的？此类题只可通过选项定位。C选项中出现了绝对词“only”，表示“纵向研究只有在寻求对早期经验对后期发展的影响的理解时才是可靠的”，过于绝对化，因此排除；第三段中“themethodsofstudyorthequestionsguidingtheresearchersmayalsochangefromonetimetoanother”说明B选项错误；第四段中“threegroupsofsubjects,ageten,twenty,andthirty,maybeselectedandtested”说明D选项错误。因此A选项符合题意。

4.细节题。题干：横向和纵向研究的区别之一是______。由题干定位到文章第四、五段，第五段第一句提到“Thecross-sectionalresearchdesignhastheclearadvantageofbeinglessexpensivetoconductandcertainlylesstime-consuming”，即与D选项的lessmoney一致。因此D选项符合题意。

20.单选题

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopers,andadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavoconEuropeans’privatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvyworkershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModemEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”OnlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong-iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

问题1选项

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

问题2选项

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

问题3选项

A.warmandlighthearted

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

问题4选项

A.somemodemwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

问题5选项

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartoftheirresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury(从家庭生活向独身生活方式的转变是上个世纪“不可抗拒的个人主义势头”的一部分)。故选A(他们受到强烈的个人主义意识驱使)。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism(当代独自生活的这一代人的成长时期正是欧洲从社会民主政治过渡到更精明、更个性化的美国风格的资本主义气候的时期)。因此B项(接近美国风格的资本主义)正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干定位至第三段:Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice(虽然领取养老金的人，特别是老年妇女，在独居者中占很大比例，但最新的单身人群是30多岁和40多岁的高收入者，他们越来越把独居视为一种生活方式选择),因此选D:最新的单身人群是healthyandwealthy(健康富有)。

4.判断推理题。由题干关键词Eppendorf定位至最后一段:shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife(她从未想要去做她母亲所做的一切一一为了照顾家庭，抚育儿女而放弃事业。我已做了并一直在做想做的事：过一种自主的生活)。由此可知,A项(一些现代女性更喜欢个人自由的生活)正确。

5.作者意图题。本文主要写的是新一代的年轻人受到社会和经济的影响越来越趋向于个人独居生活，尤其是欧洲青年单身化趋势的原因。故C项(探讨年轻人独居趋势)比较能概括作者的写作目的。

21.单选题

Thedefencelawyerwasquestioningtheoldmanwhowasoneofthe（）ofthemurdercommittedlastmonth.

问题1选项

A.witnesses

B.audiences

C.viewers

D.observers

【答案】A

【解析】句意：辩护律师正在询问上个月谋杀案的目击者之一的老人。witnesses表示目击者，符合句意。

22.单选题

Millionshavebeenmadebystates,organizations,corporationsandindividuals（）gamblingactivities,andnewmillionairesareconstantlybeingcreated.

问题1选项

A.sponsoring

B.promoting

C.guaranteeing

D.founding

【答案】A

【解析】考查分词。A:sponsoring“赞助；支持”；B:promoting“促进，晋升”；C:guaranteeing“保证，担保”；D:founding“创办”。句意：组织赌博活动的州府、组织、公司及个人赚了数以百万计的钱，新的百万富翁在不断地出现。赌博活动和州、政府等之间是“发起、组织”的关系，结合此处语境，A为正确答案。

23.单选题

Ifyourepeatedlyfindyourself_______oragreeingtorequestsyouarereluctanttofulfillandfeelingunhappyabout,youmightwanttolookatsomereasonswhyyousayyeswhenyouprefertosayno.

问题1选项

A.abstaining

B.acquiescing

C.accommodating

D.articulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“abstaining”意为“（投票时）弃权；回避；自制”；B选项“acquiescing”意为“默许；勉强同意”；C选项“accommodating”意为“容纳；使适应；供应；调解”；D选项“articulating”意为“清晰地发（音）；明确有力地表达；用关节连接；使相互连贯”。句意：如果你不断地发现自己默许或同意那些你不愿去满足或感到不开心的要求，你可能想看看为什么你在更想说不的时候却说“是”的原因。由题干可知，or是并列连词表选择，说明横线处与agreeing（同意）意思相近，acquiescing有默许，勉强同意的意思。因此B选项符合题意。

24.单选题

WhenStevenfinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,everyonepresentwas（

）.

问题1选项

A.smuggled

B.startled

C.appealed

D.stabilized

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项smuggle“走私，偷运”；B选项startle“使惊奇，使吓一跳”；C选项appeal“呼吁”；D选项stabilize“使稳固，使安定”。

句意：当史蒂文30天后终于从山洞里出来时，在场的人都吓了一跳。选项B符合句意。

25.单选题

Theextracostoftravellingtoworkis（

）bythelowerpriceofhouseshere.

问题1选项

A.compensated

B.mended

C.offset

D.covered

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。compensate“补偿”；mend“修改”；offset“抵消，补偿”；cover“掩蔽，遮盖”。句意：这些廉价的房价抵消了那些去远处上班的费用。选项C符合题意。

26.单选题

Thedoctoristryingtosavethepatientbyevery______means.

问题1选项

A.imaginative

B.imaginary

C.imaginable

D.imagination

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项imaginative“富于想象的；有创造力的”；B选项imagi