虚拟语气Grammar课件

人教课标高二选修6

Unit1Unit1Art虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood(I)11/6/2022语气的分类陈述语气祈使语气虚拟语气3.虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测或建议。主要用在if条件状语从句中，也可用在主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句中。1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件

状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,

而主句中的谓语动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。虚拟语气IfI

were

aboy,I

would

jointhearmy.What

would

youdoifyou

won

thelottery?IfI

won

thelottery,I

would…IfI

wonthelottery,I

would

buyanexpensivecar.

IfI

had

alotofmoneynow,I

would

travelaroundtheworld.a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappen(2).与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had＋过去分词,构成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/mighthave＋动词过去分词。Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday.IfI__________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtc.IfI________(meet)youyesterday,we_______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegoneIfyousucceeded,everythingwould

beallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifhe

got

upearly,

he

wouldbe

ontime.a.Ifthere_________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupc.IfRobots______________(control)theworldsomeday,here_________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe二.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:

从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。IwishI

were

astallasyou.IwishI

were

abird.Iwish/wishedI

hadn’t

eatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。Thepartywasterrible,IwishI

had

nevergonetoit.(3)表示对将来的主观愿望:从句动词形式为“

would＋动词原形”。注意:主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。但愿你立刻来。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.Iwishit

would

raintomorrow.2.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。常见动词：

一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即:insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。e.g.我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。WesuggestedthatTom(should)have

arest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)send

themtoworkthere.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)＋v.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplan

becarriedout.Mydemandisthatshe

shouldcome

toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory

shouldbe

closeddown.

insist/suggest不接虚拟的用法1.Sheinsistedthatshewas

right.她坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实）2.Hisuncleinsiststhatheshould

notstayinthehotel.他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。2.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewas

unhappy.Isuggestedthattheteachers’wages(should)beincreased.3.It’s(about/high)time+(that)…should+v.过去时你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatyouwent.It’stimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.(should不可省略)asif/asthough由asif(asthough)

或eventhough(eventhough)

引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had＋过去分词”。Hebehavesasifhe

owned

thehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)ShetalksaboutRomeasthoughshe

had

beenthereherself.他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.4.wouldrather(that)现在：过去：将来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucame

tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时省略if的条件句，含蓄条件句，错综时间条件句(1)省略if的条件句虚拟条件句有时可以省略if,但省略if后，从句中的主谓要倒装，将were，had，should等移至主语前。否定词not留在主语后。e.g.1)IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.

—WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.2)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldnotgothere.—Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldnotgothere.

虚拟语气的倒装IfIwereateacher,Iwouldhavelotsofstudents._____Iateacher,Iwouldhavelotsofstudents.IfIhadenteredrui’anhighschool,Iwouldnotsitherenow._________enteredrui’anhighschool,Iwouldnotsitherenow.IfweshouldvisitZhejiangUniversitytomorrow,Iwouldplaybasketballthere._________visitZhejiangUniversitytomorrow,Iwouldplaybasketballthere.WereHadIShouldwe

_________beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow，weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.A)HadtheyarrivedB)WouldtheyarriveC)WeretheyarrivingD)Weretheytoarrive

_________beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow，weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.A)HadtheyarrivedB)WouldtheyarriveC)WeretheyarrivingD)Weretheytoarrive(2)__________formyillnessIwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.A)Notbeing B)HaditnotbeenC)Withoutbeing

D)NothavingbeenB(2).含蓄条件句

由介词butfor/without(要不是),with(有),连词or,otherwise以及suppose，supposing等词表示虚拟的条件，如：

Butfor/Without

thehelpofthePLAmen,manypeoplewouldn’thavebeensaved

fromtheearthquake.

With

yourhelp,I

mightfinishitearlier.Hetelephonedtotellmethedateofthemeeting,

or/

otherwise

I

wouldhavemissed

it.

Suppose

youwereinmyshoes,what

would

you

do?

butfor/without=ifitwerenotfor=ifithadnotbeenforIfitwerenotforthefactthatIfeelsick,Iwouldgowithyou.

(1)Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewe___________him．A)wouldhavetelephoned B)musthavetelephonedC)wouldtelephone D)hadtelephonedA(2)Somewomen___________agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome，buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.

A)mustmake B)shouldhavemade

C)wouldmake D)couldhavemadeB(3).错综时间虚拟条件句如果从句跟主句的动作发生的时间不一致，各自的谓语动词形式应视情况而定。1如果他听了我的劝告,他现在会通过考试。Hewouldpassthetestifhehadtakenmyadvice.

2假如昨天我对他说了,现在我就知道该怎么办了。IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknow

whattodonow.Ifthestaff

hadbeen

morecareful,

themall

wouldnotbe

onfirenow.

Ifyou

hadfollowed

hisadvice,you_________(be)insuchtroublenow.（从句说明过去，主句now说明现在）

IfI

were

you,I__________________(do)thefoolishthingthen.

(从句指现在，主句指过去)wouldn’t

bewouldn’t

have

done

IfIhadn'tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you_____________now.A)wouldn'tbesmiling B)couldn'thavesmiledC)won'tsmile D)didn'tsmileA（2011北京卷）MaybeifI___science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studied B.wouldstudy C.hadstudiedD.wasstudyingIfwe___theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken（2011福建卷）34.—Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.—I____it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended（2010天津）.Johnwenttothehospitalalone.Ifhe______meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold关于虚拟语气辩析1关于虚拟语气辩析2关于虚拟语气辩析3关于虚拟语气辩析4关于虚拟语气辩析5根据语境或括号内的提示，用虚拟语气完成下列对话。1.A:Whydoesn’tSallygetgoodgrades?B:Shedoesn’tstudyenough.If___________________________________________2.A:Whydon’tIfeelenergetic?B:Youdon’tsleepenough.If_____________________________________shestudiedenough,she’dgetgoodgrades.yousleptenough,you’dfeelenergetic.3.A:IwonderwhyAlanmakessomanymistakes.B:Idon’tknow.Hemustbecareless.