阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧课件

阅读理解能力提高技巧Guessingmeanings猜测词义高三英语组1a阅读理解能力提高技巧Guessingmeanings猜测（2014湖南卷阅读B）Inthemid-1950s,Iwasasomewhatboredearly-adolescentmalestudentwhobelievedthatdoinganymorethannecessarywaswastedeffort.Oneday,thisapproachthrewmeintoembarrassment.InMrs.Totten’seighth-grademathclassatCentralAvenueSchoolinAnderson,Indiana,wewerelearningtoaddandsubtractdecimals(小数).61. WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1indicate?A.Itiswisetovalueone’stime.B.ItisimportanttomakeaneffortC.Itisrighttosticktoone’sbelief.DItisenoughtodothenecessary.

Lead-in(导入)2aLead-in(导入)2a（2015全国卷阅读C）Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作）withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida.31.Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Artworks.BProjectsC.DonationsD.Documents3a（2015全国卷阅读C）3a

词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......4a词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：4aItwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1._______________：一般通过_____________________________来确定词义。

(adj.

易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

(n.

牧羊人)Definition定义法定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.(n.蚊子)5aItwillbeveryhard特别注意下列信号词：●be,becalled,means,bedefinedas,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,-----(破折号)等.6a特别注意下列信号词：6aEx.1

◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.

◎Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.

木匠动物学家脊椎动物7aEx.1木匠动物学家脊椎动物7a“Gettingthecoldshoulder”meansthatsomeoneisactuallyinawaythatmakesyoufeelunwanted.Theverywordscreateapicture:Youcanimagineafriendturningawaysothat,insteadofawarmgreeting,youreceiveonlyhisshoulder–a“cold”shoulder.Theexpression“gettingthecoldshoulder”means____.beingtreatedrudelybypayingnoattentiontoyouB.greetingyoufriendlyC.greetingyoubyrubbingshoulderswithyouD.feedingyoucoldmeat8a“Gettingthecoldshoulder”me2.____________：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。Contrast对比法◎Cyclingwasonceameansoftransportforthepoor.Butithasbecomeanimportantmarkerofanaffluentworldcity.65.Theunderlinedword“affluent”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.AbeautifulB.famousC.bigD.wealthy9a2.____________：Contrast对比表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,thoughhowever,otherwise,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等。

10a表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,thoug1.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.2.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.污秽的节约的Exercise211a1.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeen

3.Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.4.Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.5.Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft.混乱

无辜的天生的

12a混乱无辜的天生的12a6.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.7.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA

(v.

不同意)13a6.Mostofusagreed,however,3.____________：利用______、___________或相似的结构猜测词义。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.

巨大的;极大的)Similarity

相似法同义词近义词（词组）14a3.____________：利用______、_____当被猜的词前后有信号词:or,like,as…as,thesameas等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplump

asmother,andmuchshorter.代替圆胖的,15a当被猜的词前后有信号词:or,like,as…as,4_________________：从____推测_____，从_____推测______。

Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.

(adj.

贫穷的,穷困的)

(adj.

大的).CauseEffect因果法原因原因结果结果16a4_________________：从____推测____因果关系信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.弹性的混浊的17a因果关系弹性的混浊的17aWhensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoff

becausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.(04广东高考题）65.Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”(inpara.3)meansthatthecolours_______attractedthecustomersstronglyhadweakeffectsonthecustomerstrickedthecustomersintoshoppingcausedthecustomerstoloseinterest

D18aWhensomekindofpaink5._____________：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有forinstance,forexample,suchas:such,like,especially,include,consistof等1.Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.

电器用具)Example例举法19a5._____________：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常

2.

Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.3.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽装置20a家禽装置20asupermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(发错音)WordFormation构词法：6.___________________21asupermanmicrowa英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。22a英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)23a中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：23aTodaythesportispopularinLatinAmerica,Asiaand,unfortunately,insomepartsoftheUnitedStates--eventhoughitisunlawfulinalmosteverystate.Whatdoestheword“unlawful”possiblymean?A.allowedbythelawB.inaccordancewiththelawC.againstthelawD.havingnothingtodowiththelawPrefix(前缀）usual—unusualhappy--unhappy24aTodaythesportispopularin1)HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.

A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expectB7.______________：利用____________来猜测词义。Context上下文语境及前后的提示25a1)Hesoundedquitenervousan2）Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy

apeatthezoo．A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdAABC.AC(n.

猿)26a2）Thechildrenarelookingat8_______________________：根据_______________________来猜测词义。

在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious(无意识的），becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.

麻醉剂(药).Commonsense

普通常识普通常识和生活经验27a8_______________________：在

◎Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.◎Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.易挥发的颤抖28a易挥发的颤抖28a1.Definition定义法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例举法8.CommonSense普通常识6.WordFormation构词法猜测词义7.Context上下文Summary29a1.Definition定义法3.SimilarityInquiry-basedActivities(I)

探究活动(1)30aInquiry-basedActivities(I)Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.?2.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.?3.Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.?4.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.?Practice31aTheytraveledalongway,at1.同位法。同位语部分alargebuildinginoldtimes给出了castle的确切词义，即“城堡”。Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.32a1.同位法。同位语部分alargebuildingin2.定义法。定语从句中wholooksaftersheep就表明herdsman的词义为"牧人"。Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.33aTheherdsman,wholooksafter

3.同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.34a3.同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nights4.对比法。but表转折，因此but前后的意思是相反的。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上课迟到了"，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向"准时"的结论。Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedlateforherfirstclass.35a4.对比法。but表转折，因此but前后的意思是相反的。小试身手Albert’ssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence.A.timeB.competitionC.perseverance2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.徒劳的C.有效的D.匆促的3.ThoughMr.Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.A.上级B.前任C.同事D.下级祝功成你!36a小试身手Albert’ssuccessaftermuc4.Shedidn’thearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.

A.心不在焉的B.紧张的C.全神贯注的D.睡意浓的5.Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.quietC.protectiveD.energetic6.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.strongB.firmC.kindD.clever祝功成你!37a4.Shedidn’thearwhatyousa7.Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater.A.becamesweeterB.becameredC.becamedry8.Justforfun,theydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinsteadofthemoredirecthighway.A.directB.indirectC.straight9.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedlateforherfirstclass.?A.ontimeB.lateC.absent祝功成你!38a7.Theflowersinthevasewit真题体验一、(14安徽卷D)Althoughwehavetorespectpeople’sfeelingsasfellowusersofthebuildings,Ibelievethatitisthedutyofthearchitectandplannertomovethingsforward.Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore,wewouldallstillbelivingincaves.Thus,Iwouldargueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent,eventhoughthatmightbethemoreriskychoice.70.By“movethingsforward”inthelastparagraph,theauthorprobablymeans“_____.”A.destroyoldbuildings B.putthingsinadifferentplaceC.choosenewarchitecturalstyles D.respectpeople’sfeelingsforhistoricalbuildings39a真题体验39a二、（14福建卷A）Bynowparamedics（救援人员）hadarrived,andwereattendingtheinjuredwoman.Aswewalkeduptoher,mysonbecameintimidatedbyallthebloodandmedicalequipment.Hesaidhewasjusttooscaredtogouptoher.InsteadIgavetheflowertothewoman’shusbandandtoldhim,“Mysonwasveryupsetforyourwifeandwantedtogiveherthisflowertomakeherfeelbetter.”58.Theunderlinedword“intimidated”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans“_______”.A.astonishedB.struckC.frightenedD.excited40a二、（14福建卷A）Bynowparamedics（救援Inquiry-basedActivities(II)

探究活动(2)41aInquiry-basedActivities(II)Passage1

TensofthousandsofbabypenguinsfacestarvationaftertwogianticebergsbrokeofftheAntarcticicesheetandblockedtheirparents’roadtothefeedingareas.AdelineandemperorpenguinsnestingontheRossislandrookeriesarenowforcedtowalklongdistancesovertheicebergstoobtainfoodfortheirchicks,bornduringtheNovember-Decemberbreedingseason.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obtain”probablymean?A.eatB.getC.sellD.buyB42aPassage1B42aPassage2

Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameD43aPassage2D43aPassage3

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(参议院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

B44aPassage3B44aPassage4

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingB45aPassage4B45aPassage5

Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.

Theword“jeopardize”means_____inthistext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stopB46aPassage5B46aPassage6

Afterafour-yearrelationshipwithamajorfortune100companybeginningasasalestraineeandendingasaregionalsalesmanager,Ileftthecompanyattheheightofmycareer.ManypeoplewereastoundedthatIwouldleaveafterearningasix-figureincome.AndtheyaskedwhyIwouldriskeverythingforadream.

Theunderlinedword“astounded”means____.A.verysadB.verysorryC.verypleasedD.greatlysurprisedD47aPassage6D47a

同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。

教师点评48a同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常Homework:运用今天所学到的解题方法，完成印发的猜测词义练习。

49aHomework:49aThankyouforlistening!Anycommentiswelcome.

50aThankyouforlistening!AnycBye~~!51aBye~~!51a

阅读理解能力提高技巧Guessingmeanings猜测词义高三英语组52a阅读理解能力提高技巧Guessingmeanings猜测（2014湖南卷阅读B）Inthemid-1950s,Iwasasomewhatboredearly-adolescentmalestudentwhobelievedthatdoinganymorethannecessarywaswastedeffort.Oneday,thisapproachthrewmeintoembarrassment.InMrs.Totten’seighth-grademathclassatCentralAvenueSchoolinAnderson,Indiana,wewerelearningtoaddandsubtractdecimals(小数).61. WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1indicate?A.Itiswisetovalueone’stime.B.ItisimportanttomakeaneffortC.Itisrighttosticktoone’sbelief.DItisenoughtodothenecessary.

Lead-in(导入)53aLead-in(导入)2a（2015全国卷阅读C）Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作）withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida.31.Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Artworks.BProjectsC.DonationsD.Documents54a（2015全国卷阅读C）3a

词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......55a词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：4aItwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1._______________：一般通过_____________________________来确定词义。

(adj.

易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

(n.

牧羊人)Definition定义法定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.(n.蚊子)56aItwillbeveryhard特别注意下列信号词：●be,becalled,means,bedefinedas,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,-----(破折号)等.57a特别注意下列信号词：6aEx.1

◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.

◎Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.

木匠动物学家脊椎动物58aEx.1木匠动物学家脊椎动物7a“Gettingthecoldshoulder”meansthatsomeoneisactuallyinawaythatmakesyoufeelunwanted.Theverywordscreateapicture:Youcanimagineafriendturningawaysothat,insteadofawarmgreeting,youreceiveonlyhisshoulder–a“cold”shoulder.Theexpression“gettingthecoldshoulder”means____.beingtreatedrudelybypayingnoattentiontoyouB.greetingyoufriendlyC.greetingyoubyrubbingshoulderswithyouD.feedingyoucoldmeat59a“Gettingthecoldshoulder”me2.____________：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。Contrast对比法◎Cyclingwasonceameansoftransportforthepoor.Butithasbecomeanimportantmarkerofanaffluentworldcity.65.Theunderlinedword“affluent”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.AbeautifulB.famousC.bigD.wealthy60a2.____________：Contrast对比表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,thoughhowever,otherwise,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等。

61a表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,thoug1.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.2.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.污秽的节约的Exercise262a1.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeen

3.Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.4.Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.5.Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft.混乱

无辜的天生的

63a混乱无辜的天生的12a6.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.7.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA

(v.

不同意)64a6.Mostofusagreed,however,3.____________：利用______、___________或相似的结构猜测词义。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.

巨大的;极大的)Similarity

相似法同义词近义词（词组）65a3.____________：利用______、_____当被猜的词前后有信号词:or,like,as…as,thesameas等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplump

asmother,andmuchshorter.代替圆胖的,66a当被猜的词前后有信号词:or,like,as…as,4_________________：从____推测_____，从_____推测______。

Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.

(adj.

贫穷的,穷困的)

(adj.

大的).CauseEffect因果法原因原因结果结果67a4_________________：从____推测____因果关系信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.弹性的混浊的68a因果关系弹性的混浊的17aWhensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoff

becausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.(04广东高考题）65.Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”(inpara.3)meansthatthecolours_______attractedthecustomersstronglyhadweakeffectsonthecustomerstrickedthecustomersintoshoppingcausedthecustomerstoloseinterest

D69aWhensomekindofpaink5._____________：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有forinstance,forexample,suchas:such,like,especially,include,consistof等1.Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.

电器用具)Example例举法70a5._____________：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常

2.

Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.3.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽装置71a家禽装置20asupermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(发错音)WordFormation构词法：6.___________________72asupermanmicrowa英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。73a英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)74a中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：23aTodaythesportispopularinLatinAmerica,Asiaand,unfortunately,insomepartsoftheUnitedStates--eventhoughitisunlawfulinalmosteverystate.Whatdoestheword“unlawful”possiblymean?A.allowedbythelawB.inaccordancewiththelawC.againstthelawD.havingnothingtodowiththelawPrefix(前缀）usual—unusualhappy--unhappy75aTodaythesportispopularin1)HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.

A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expectB7.______________：利用____________来猜测词义。Context上下文语境及前后的提示76a1)Hesoundedquitenervousan2）Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy

apeatthezoo．A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdAABC.AC(n.

猿)77a2）Thechildrenarelookingat8_______________________：根据_______________________来猜测词义。

在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious(无意识的），becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.

麻醉剂(药).Commonsense

普通常识普通常识和生活经验78a8_______________________：在

◎Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.◎Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.易挥发的颤抖79a易挥发的颤抖28a1.Definition定义法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例举法8.CommonSense普通常识6.WordFormation构词法猜测词义7.Context上下文Summary80a1.Definition定义法3.SimilarityInquiry-basedActivities(I)

探究活动(1)81aInquiry-basedActivities(I)Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.?2.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.?3.Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.?4.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.?Practice82aTheytraveledalongway,at1.同位法。同位语部分alargebuildinginoldtimes给出了castle的确切词义，即“城堡”。Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.83a1.同位法。同位语部分alargebuildingin2.定义法。定语从句中wholooksaftersheep就表明herdsman的词义为"牧人"。Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.84aTheherdsman,wholooksafter

3.同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.85a3.同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nights4.对比法。but表转折，因此but前后的意思是相反的。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上课迟到了"，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向"准时"的结论。Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedlateforherfirstclass.86a4.对比法。but表转折，因此but前后的意思是相反的。小试身手Albert’ssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence.A.timeB.competitionC.perseverance2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.徒劳的C.有效的D.匆促的3.ThoughMr.Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.A.上级B.前任C.同事D.下级祝功成你!87a小试身手Albert’ssuccessaftermuc4.Shedidn’thearwhatyousaidbecauseshewas