考研考博-英语-塔里木大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-塔里木大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewould（

）considerablebenefitsforthecountry’shealth,wealthandsecurity.

问题1选项

A.resultfrom

B.settledown

C.liein

D.leadto

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项resultfrom“产生于……，由……引起”；B选项settledown“定居”；C选项liein“在于，位于”；D选项leadto“导致，把……带到”。根据句子之间的逻辑关系可知选D，表示慷慨的公共资助会给国家带来好处。句意：对基础科学慷慨的公共资助将为国家的健康、财富和安全带来可观的好处。

2.填空题

Acommunitywhichcollectiveintereststheterroristorganizationclaimstoservemaybeterrorizedso

thattheircooperation,loyalty,andsupportareensured.Groupsthatcometopowerbythismeans

usuallycontinuetorulebyterror.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Awhich改为whose

【解析】【考查点】定语从句。

【解题思路】A部分到collectiveintereststheterroristorganizationclaimstoserve是修饰community的定语从句，collectiveinterests和community是所属关系，引导词用whose。

【句意】恐怖组织声称他们为其集体利益服务的社区可能会受到恐吓，以确保他们的合作、忠诚和支持。通过这种方式掌权的集团通常会继续用恐怖手段统治。

3.单选题

Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe（）us.Ithinkit’shightimewe（）strongactionsagainsthim.

问题1选项

A.betrayed…take

B.hadbetrayed…took

C.hasbetrayed…took

D.hasbetrayed…take

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。当句子里有序数词first/second/third...、副词only或最高级best/worst/most的时候，后面的定语从句要用完成时态。例如：ItisoneofthemostinterestingbooksI’veeverread．(这是我看过的最有趣的书之一。)，因为thatwasnot句子是过去时，这里应该用过去完成时：hadbetrayed。It’s(high)time（是做……的时候了），后面的句子要用谓语要用过去时或者should+动词原形，表示虚拟语气，所以这里要用took。句意：这已经不是他第一次背叛我们了，是我们采取强有力的行动对抗他的时候了。所以本题的正确答案是B选项。

4.单选题

Wearegoodatinventingwaytoenlargeourrealm.Repeatedlywefindmethodsofspreadingfarther.Ifanelementisforbidding,wedeviseameanstomasterit.Reachingthecontinentalshores,wedevelopedship-buildingandnavigationalskillsinordertocrossoceans.Shiveringatarcticweather,wedesignedforclothingandsnugsheltersinordertoedgenorthward.And,havingfirstoccupiedmuchoftheusablespaceintheworld,wearefillingitsusabletime.Althoughbeingwakefulatnightfloutedournaturalrhythms,wedevelopedartificiallightingthatletusbeactiveafterdark.

Aneraisnowunderwayinwhichwearereplacingourcycliccommunitywithactivitiesthatneverstop.Thereiswidespreadfactoryshiftwork.Airports,gasolinestations,hotels,restaurantsandbroadcastersoperateincessantly.Data-processingdepartmentsofinsurancecompaniesandbanksareastirallnight.Meanwhile,isolatedindividualsbendoverbooksandpapersondesksintheirhomes,watchtelevisionaftermidnight,orwalkinthestreetsandlistentothenightbreathe.

ThisextensionacrossallhoursofthedayresemblesourspreadingacrossthefaceoftheEarth.Lookatbothtrendsfromenoughperspectiveindistanceandtimeandtheyappearalike.Hoverfarabovetheplanetandwatchitasitspinsthroughouttheeras.Withtheplanet’ssurfaceindaylight,littlehumansettlementscanbeseentogrowlargerastheyearsgobyandsmallextensionsappearattheiroutskirts.Watchthesurfacewhenitisinnightandatfirstsomepinpointsoflightflickerforawhileandthengoout.Afteragespass,thoselightbecomestronger;theystayonlonger,andotherglimmeringsappearnearby.Dayandnight,overthousandsofyears,revealtouswideningnetworksofhumansettlementsandilluminationbeingprolongedafterdark.Thesurfaceisnotuniformlyoccupied.Thehoursarenotuniformlylit.Butbothareadvancinginorder.

Bothformsofexpansionarefrontiers.Afrontierisanewsourceofresourcesthatpeopleuseforsubsistenceorforprofit.Itisalsoasafetyvalveforpeoplewhofeelconfined.Theydisperseinresponsetopressuresathomeandtoappealingopportunitieselsewhere.

Now,venturingintothenight,wehavethesamemotivesasourpredecessorswhomigratedgeographically.Thedaytimeistoocrowded.Itscarryingcapacityisbeingstrained,andstillitdoesnotyieldaltthatthecommunitywants.Thechancetoexploitfacilitiesthatareleftidlealsoarousesourinitiativetousemoreofthenight.Usingthesamespacemoreofthetimeisawaytomultiplyitscapacity.Somepeopledislikethecommotionofthedayandcravetheserenityofnight.Otherslooktoittobetterthemselveseconomically.Itisnoaccidentthatpersonalmotivesforreliefandopportunityaresimilartothecausesofexpansionforthecommunityasawhole.Thosearetheage-oldforcesbehindallmigrations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.TheexamplestheauthorcitesinPara.2(“Thereis…night”)illustrateablurringof（

）

3.Incontext,theuseof“Look”,“Hover,”and“Watch”(inPara.3)isintendedto（

）.

4.InPara.3,"both"mostdirectlyrefersto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesprovidesthebestexampleofthe"waytomultiply"asdiscussedinthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.persuadereaderstoincreasetheiruseofnighttimehours

B.arguethatconstanthumanactivityisharmfultoindividualsandgroups

C.explorehowthechanginguseoftimeisrelatedtothehistoryofhumanexpansion

D.critiquethewayinwhichchanginglaborpatternshavecometodominatehumanlife

问题2选项

A.ambitionandgreed

B.solitudeandcompanionship

C.theusesofnighttimeandofdaytime

D.thepurposesofworkandofrecreation

问题3选项

A.warnreadersofthethreatofunboundedmigration

B.invitereaderstoimaginehumanhistoryvisually

C.preparereaderstoanticipatechangeanditsconsequences

D.promotetheuseofnighttimehoursforworkorleisureactivities

问题4选项

A.workerproductivityandnationalwealth

B.scientificknowledgeandindividualwell-being

C.competingworkdemandsandavailabletime

D.inhabitedspaceandusabletime

问题5选项

A.Conductingeveningclassesinpublicschoolbuildings

B.Keepingmunicipalofficesopenduringthelunchhour

C.Enforcingcurfewlawsinresidentialneighborhoods

D.Addingmorebuildingstoafactorycomplex

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.本题是问这篇文章的写作目的，A项意为“为了规劝读者多加利用他们的午夜时间”；B项意为“为了讨论持续的人类活动对个人和团体是有害的”；C项意为“为了探讨对于不断利用时间与人们扩张的历史之间是如何联系的”；D项意为“为了批判不断变化的劳动方式已经主宰了人类的生活”。本题可通过文中出现的“spreading”、“edgenorthward’’、“Thisextensionacrossallhoursoftheday”以及“Dayandnight,overthousandsofyears,revealtouswideningnetworksofhumansettlementsandilluminationbeingprolongedafterdark.日以继夜地，几千年以来，给我们揭示了人们的定居点不断扩大的网络以及天黑之后照明工具的延长”等都表明了本文的写作目的是分析人类活动的扩张与利用时间之间的关系，C选项符合题意。

2.本题是问第二段中所举的例子表明的意思。A项意为“野心和贪婪”；B项意为“孤独和陪伴”；C项意为“夜间和白天时间的利用”；D项意为“工作和娱乐的目的”。由第二段中的“Thereiswidespreadfactoryshiftwork.Airports,gasolinestations,hotels,restaurantsandbroadcastersoperateincessantly.Data-processingdepartmentsofinsurancecompaniesandbanksareastirallnight.工厂普遍实行轮班制。机场、加油站、旅馆、餐馆和广播电台都在不停地运转。保险公司和银行的数据处理部门整夜都在忙碌。”列举了一些需要倒班的工作，所以举例的目的是为了说明人类对于夜间和白天时间的充分利用，C选项符合题意。

3.A项意为‘提醒读者无限迁移的所带来的威胁’；B项意为，‘邀请读者从视觉上想象人类的历史‘；C项意为‘为读者做好预期的变化和后果的准备’；D项意为‘推广在工作或者休闲活动中对于夜间时间的利用‘。题目中所给词look意为“看”;hover意为“盘旋”；watch意为“观察，观看”，这三个词语均与B项中的“visually（视觉上的）”对应。B选项符合题意。

4.A项意为“工人的生产力和国家财富”；B项意为“科学知识和个人幸福”；C项意为“充满竞争的工作需求和可利用的时间”；D项意为“居住空间和可利用的时间”。根据第一段中的‘havingfirstoccupiedmuchoftheusablespaceintheworld,wearefillingitsusabletime’在第一次占领了世界上大部分的可用空间后，我们正在填补其可用的时间和第二段最后一句‘Thesurfaceisnotuniformlyoccupied.Thehoursarenotuniformlylit.’表面不是均匀地被占据的。时间并不是统一的。可知both是指空间上和时间上的占有，D选项符合题意。

5.A项意为“在公立学校里设立夜校课程”；B项意为“在午饭时间开放市政办公”；C项意为“在住宅社区施行宵禁法”；D项意为“添加更多的工厂建筑”。文中最后一段提到了‘Thedaytimeistoocrowded.Itscarryingcapacityisbeingstrained,andstillitdoesnotyieldaltthatthecommunitywants.在白天已经非常拥挤了，容纳量趋于紧张。’这个拥挤是指一些空间场所。再结合“Somepeopledislikethecommotionofthedayandcravetheserenityofnight.一些人不喜欢白天的骚动，渴望夜晚的宁静”，以及文中‘Usingthesamespacemoreofthetimeisawaytomultiplyitscapacity.’对waytomultiply的定义就是更多地利用同一个空间，所以A选项符合题意。

5.单选题

（）isquitenatural,abeginnercan'treadthebookswritteninEnglishveryquickly.

问题1选项

A.Which

B.As

C.What

D.It

【答案】B

【解析】句意:初学者不能很快地阅读英文原版书是很正常的。

语法题。考查非限制性定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句的时候，表示“正如那样”的含义。as指代的是后面的句子“abeginnercan'treadthebookswritteninEnglishveryquickly’’，而此处不用which,是因为定语从句中的which不能放在句首。

6.单选题

Hewas_______totellthetrutheventohisclosestfriend.

问题1选项

A.toomuchofacoward

B.toomuchthecoward

C.acowardenough

D.enoughofacoward

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。综合选项可知，本题考查“too…to…太……以致不能”，toomuchthecoward“懦夫太多”不符合句意，因此A选项符合题意。

7.单选题

______evidenceofheliumsawitasabrightyellowlineinspectroscopestheyaimedatthesun.

问题1选项

A.Thefirstpeoplewhosaw

B.Thefirstpeoplesaw

C.Thefirstpeoplewhohaveseen

D.Thefirstpeoplehadseen

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。Thefirstpeople是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，因此who不能省略，故排除B和D，C项用的现在完成时，表示从过去到现在，时态不符，看到“evidenceofhelium”是发生在过去，与后面“aimedat”过去时保持一致，用see的一般过去式即可，句意：最早看到氨迹象的人们还以为是分光镜里面的一条明亮的黄线，当时他们正用分光镜对准太阳，因此A正确。

8.单选题

Duringthesetenyears,manynewmethodshavebeen______inthefieldofforeignlanguageteaching.

问题1选项

A.adopted

B.adapted

C.alarmed

D.aided

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adopted“采用”；B选项adapted“使适合（新用途、新情况）；适应（新情况）”；C选项alarmed“使惊恐；给（门等）安装警报器”；D选项aided“帮助”。句意：在这十年中，外语教学领域______许多新的方法。根据语境，这里指的是提出许多在外语教学领域上的新方法，A选项adopted“采用”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Toplagiarizeissimply“tousewithout（）credittheideas,expressions,orproductionsof(another),”andthisisremarkablyeasytodounintentionally.

问题1选项

A.due

B.necessary

C.important

D.vital

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意:剽窃很简单，就是“未经允许或授权就使用(他人的)创意，表达或作品”，而这很容易在无意中发生。due“应付的,应得的”,duecredit为常用搭配，表示“应得的荣誉,应得的信任”,withoutduecredit在这里引申为“未经允许或授权”。选项A正确。

10.单选题

Theplanefoundthespotandhoveredcloseenoughto（）thatitwasacar.

问题1选项

A.ensure

B.examine

C.verify

D.testify

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：飞机发现了这个地点，并盘旋着靠近，以证实这是一辆汽车。verify指证明，证实；testify指作证。选项C更符合语境。

11.单选题

Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto,（

）thecolorofhisskin.

问题1选项

A.withtheexceptionof

B.inthelightof

C.byvirtueof

D.regardlessof

【答案】D

【解析】词组词义辨析。withtheexceptionof除以外；inthelightof根据，依据；byvirtueof依靠，凭借，由于；regardlessof不顾，不管。句意：这个国家的每个人都有权住在他想住的地方，不管他的肤色如何。选项D符合句意。

12.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

（1）Becauseanalysisultimatelyrestswiththethinkingandchoicesoftheresearcher,qualitativestudiesingeneralarelimitedbyresearchersubjectivity.Therefore,anoverridingconcernisthatofresearcherbias,framingasitdoesassumptions,interests,perceptions,andneeds.（2）Oneofthekeylimitationsofthisstudyistheissueofsubjectivityandpotentialbiasregardingtheresearcher’sownparticipationinadoctoralprogramfirstasastudentandcurrentlyasafacultymember.

（3）Arelatedlimitationwasthatintervieweesmayhavehaddifficultyadjustingto

the

researchertakingontheroleofinterviewer,aphenomenonreferredtobyMaxwellasparticipantreactivity.Becauseafewoftheparticipantsknowtheresearcher,theirresponsesmayhavebeeninfluencedoraffected.（4）Theymayhavetriedoverlyhardtocooperatewiththeresearcherbyofferinghertheresponsestheyperceivedshewasseekingorwhichtheyperceivedmightbehelpfultoher.Alternatively,becauseoffamiliaritywiththeresearcher,thesefewparticipantsmighthavebeenguardedandthereforelesscandidintheirresponses.Recognizingtheselimitations,theresearchertookthefollowingmeasures.（5）

Toreducethelimitationofpotentialbiasduringdataanalysis,theresearcherremovedallparticipantnamesandcodedallinterviewtranscriptsblindlysoasnottoassociateanymaterialordatawithanyparticularindividual.Furthermore，shemadeaconsciousattempttocreateanenvironmentthatwasconducivetohonestandopendialogue.Experienceasaninterviewer,aswellaspriorresearchexperience,washelpfulinthisregard.

【答案】由于分析最终取决于研究者的思维和选择，定性研究一般受到研究者主体性的限制。

本研究的主要局限性之一是，研究人员以学生身份和教师身份参与博士项目的主观性和潜在偏见问题。

与此相关的一个限制是，受访者可能难以适应研究人员扮演采访者的角色，麦克斯韦将这种现象称为参与者反应。

他们可能过于努力地与研究人员合作，向她提供他们认为她正在寻找的答案，或者他们认为可能对她有帮助的答案。

为了减少数据分析过程中潜在偏见的限制，研究者删除了所有参与者的姓名，盲目地对所有访谈记录进行编码，不将任何材料或数据与任何特定的个体相关联。

13.写作题

Somepeoplesaythatthebestpreparationforlifeislearningtobecooperative.Otherstaketheoppositeviewandsaythatlearningtobecompetitiveisthebestpreparation.Writeacompositionofabout150wordstotellwhichoneyouagreeandexplainwhy.

【答案】略

14.单选题

Theframeworkofthespecialtheoryofrelativitycanbeconstructedfromtheassumptionoftheabsoluteinvariabilityofthespeedoflight.

问题1选项

A.definition

B.encouragement

C.regulation

D.supposition

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。assumption表示“假定，设想”。A项definition“定义，清晰度”，B项encouragement“鼓励”，C项regulation“管理，规则”，D项supposition“假定，推测”。句意：狭义相对论的框架可以从光速绝对不变性的假设来构建。根据题意该题选D。

15.单选题

Theserviceoperates36librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix（

）librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

问题1选项

A.drifting

B.mobile

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词分析。drifting意为“漂流的，飘动的”；mobile意为“可移动的，流动的”；shifting意为“转换的”；rotating意为“旋转的”。

句意：该服务机构在全国范围内经营着36家图书馆，其中6家流动图书馆专门为农村服务。

16.单选题

ButNaifehandSmithrevealakeenintellect,anavidreaderandapassionateobserverofotherartists’workwhoprogressedfromlaboredfigurestudiestoinspiredoutburstsofcreativeenergy.Farfromanartisticflashinthepan,hepursuedhiscallingwithdoggeddeterminationagainstnearlyinsurmountableodds.

问题1选项

A.insuperable

B.unsurpassable

C.uncountable

D.invaluable

【答案】A

【解析】句中说到他“withdoggeddetermination”，坚持不懈地追求自己的理想，因此insurmountableodds必然代表“无法克服的困难”这一含义。A选项insuperable“不能克服的”；B选项unsurpassable“无法超越的”；C选项uncountable“无数的；不可数的”；D选项invaluable“无价的；非常贵重的”。从句意上来判断，这里的nearlyinsurmountableodds指的是“几乎无法克服的障碍”，因此A选项符合题意。

17.单选题

Thebossnamedthecompany（）himself.

问题1选项

A.as

B.after

C.to

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。nameafter以…命名。句意：老板以他自己的名字给公司命名。

18.问答题

TheStateAdministrationforMarketRegulation,whichlaunchedtheprobeintothee-commercegiantinDecember,chargedAlibabawithabusingitsmarketdominance.

ThewatchdogsaiditsinvestigationconcludedthatAlibabahadhinderedonlineretailinChina,affectedinnovationintheplatform-basedinterneteconomy,hurtthelawfulrightsofmerchantsanddamagedconsumers’interests.

The18.23billionyuan($2.8billion)fineonAlibabaGroupHoldingLtd.wasequivalenttofourpercentofAlibaba’sdomesticsalesin2019,accordingtotheSaturdaystatement.Thecompany’searningsreportshoweditregisteredprofitsofabout$12billioninthelastthreemonthsof2020.

Theannouncementisthelatestdevelopmentinthegovernment’sincreasedoversightoninternetcompaniestoavoidthe“disorderlyexpansionofcapital”,curbingbehaviorsuchaseither-orchoicesformerchantsbetweene-commerceplatforms,andpricegougingonregularcustomersviabigdata.

LastDecember,China’santitrustregulatorsmadepublicthroughastatementthedecisiontofine,foranamountof500,000yuan,threeofthecountry’slargesttechnologycompaniesforfailingtodisclosethepurchasesofsmallercompetitors,escalatingthelevelofenforcementagainsteverykindofmonopolisticcorporatebehaviorthataffectsconsumers’interests.

ThecompanieshitbythedecisionareAlibabaInvestment,whichinthreedealsfailedtoobtainapprovalfortheacquisitionofdepartmentstoreoperatorIntimeRetailGroup;Tencent,whichthroughitssubsidiaryChinaLiteraturefailedtoreporttheacquisitionofNewClassicMedia;andSFHolding,whichacquiredacompetitorpreviouslyownedbyChinaPostCorp.

AsisthecasewithAlibaba’sinvestmentandlaterprivatizationofIntime,thefinesrefertodealsconcludedasearlyas2014,leadingtoagreatdealofconcernforChinesetechgiantsfacingretroactivepenaltiesaswellasthepotentialamendmentofthepenaltyamountintheupcomingantitrustlaw.ConsideringthenumberofacquisitionsthatbothAlibabaandTencenthaveconductedovertheyears,thiscouldposeseriousconsequences.

Strengtheninganti-monopolysupervisionhasbecomeaglobaltrend,EconomicDailyreportedonMonday.Antitrustlawenforcementagenciesincountriesandeconomiesintheworldhavetakentoughregulatorystancesandrestrictivemeasuresononlineplatforms.

Accordingtoincompletestatistics,thereportsaid,technologybehemothslikeGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazonhavebeendeeplyinvolvedinantitrustinvestigationsintheworldduringthepastfouryears.Amongthem,Googlefaced27cases,AmazonandAppleboth22cases,andFacebook13cases.

Thevoicesagainstbigtechcompaniesnevercease.Theyaredeemedtohavetoomuchpower

—toomuchpoweroveroureconomy,oursociety,andourdemocracy.Theyhavebulldozedcompetition,usedourprivateinformationforprofit,andtiltedtheplayingfieldagainsteveryoneelse.Andintheprocess,theyhavehurtsmallbusinessesandstifledinnovation.

Thegrowingimportanceoftechnologyinthedevelopmentofmoderneconomies,andasacontributortonationalGDPintheageofCovid-19,nowrequiresthemaximumleveloflegislativeinterventionfromeverycountry'sgovernmentthroughanappropriatetrade-offthatencouragestechcompaniestogrowandinnovate,whileguaranteeinganopenandfairmarketenvironment,whichisthebasisofsocialandeconomicstability.

Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheabovetext.

1)Whyisthewholeworldsoworriedabouttheplatform-basedinternetgiants?(10points)

2)DoyouthinkweneedmoreantitrustlawstoregulatethemarketcompetitionorsimplybreakupthosetechgiantsunderthecontextofCovid-19?Justifyyouropinions.(20points)

【答案】1)Becausetheplatform-basedinternetgiantsaredeemedtohavetoomuchpower—toomuchpoweroveroureconomy,oursociety,andourdemocracy.Theyhavebulldozedcompetition,usedourprivateinformationforprofit,andtiltedtheplayingfieldagainsteveryoneelse.Andintheprocess,theyhavehurtsmallbusinessesandstifledinnovation.

2)IagreewiththeideathatintheageofCovid-19,nowrequiresthemaximumleveloflegislativeinterventionfromeverycountry’sgovernmentthroughanappropriatetrade-offthatencouragestechcompaniestogrowandinnovate,whileguaranteeinganopenandfairmarketenvironment,whichisthebasisofsocialandeconomicstability.Inrecentyears,platform-basedinternetgiantshavemadepositivecontributionstomeetconsumers’needsanddrivehigh-qualityeconomicdevelopment.However,withtheuncontrollabletrendofthosetechgiants,theabuseofmarketdominanceisontherise.Aseriesofproblems,suchasrestrictingcompetition,pricediscriminationandharmingtherightsandinterestsofconsumers,haveemerged,whichhavedestroyedtheorderofmarketcompetitionandhinderedindustryinnovation.Remediationofillegalactsthataffectfaircompetitionisconducivetopromotingthedevelopmentofeconomy.Besides,weneedmoreantitrustlawstoregulatethemarketcompetition.TheepidemichasbroughtanunprecedentedimpactonChina’seconomicandsocialdevelopment.First,theproductionandoperationofenterpriseshavebeenaffected.TheextendedSpringFestivalholidayandthedelayinresumingworkhavereducedthenumberofworkingdays,andrestrictionsontransportationinsomeprovincesandcitieshavealsoaffectedthemovementofpeopleandgoodsneededforproduction.Thislosshasalreadybeenreflectedinfirst-quarterGDPgrowth.Second,sincethebeginningofthisyear,consumerspendingonretailsales,catering,tourismandotherareashasdroppedsignificantly.Theepidemichasalsohadaprofoundimpactonthebehaviorofeconomicentities,especiallyconsumerswhomayspendlessoftimeinshoppingmalls,cinemasandothercrowdedplaces.Therefore,weneedmoreantitrustlawunderthissituationforitcanhelptodevelopafair,unified,andopenmarketcompetitionsystem,whichisconducivetothehealthydevelopmentofthesocialeconomyandthefundamentalprotectionoftherightsandinterestsofconsumers.

19.单选题

Recently,JapaneseimportsofmanufacturedgoodsfromChinahavesurgedandthereputationofChineseproductshasimprovedsubstantially,givingrisetoconcernthatChinawillsoonreplaceJapanasthe"factoryoftheworld".AnobjectiveevaluationofChina'sindustrialstrength,however,suggeststhatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan.

Firstofall,thehighproportionoflabor-intensiveproductsinChina'sexportsmeansthatitstradestructureistypicalofanewlyindustrializingeconomy(NIE).

Thisisdifferentfromthatofdevelopedcountries,wherethemajorexportitems,suchasmachinery,aretechnology-intensive.AlthoughChinaisincreasingitsshareoftheglobalmarketformanufacturedgoods,includingsomeinformation-technology(IT)productsthatareclassifiedashigh-tech,Chineseexportsarestillhighlyconcentratedinlower-endproducts.Intheeaseoftelevisions,forinstance,Japanspecializesinhigh-definitionandotherhigher-endmodels,whileChinaproducesstandardmodelswhoseunitvaluesaremuchlower.

ReflectingChinasemphasisonprocessingtrade,goods"madeinChina"containlargenumbersofoverseascomponents,someofwhicharemadeinJapan.AccordingtoofficialChinesestatistics,increasingexportsbyUSS1millionrequiresimportingintermediategoodsandcomponentsworth$500,000,whichdonotformpartofChina'sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP).Moreover,theproportionofthisimportedcontentishigherforhigh-techthanforlow-techproducts.Acomputerlabeled"madeinChina"islikelytocontainalargeportionofimportedcontentsincludinganIntelcentralprocessingunit(CPU),MicrosoftWindowsoperatingsystem,andaliquidcrystaldisplaymadeinJapanorSouthKorea.

Inaddition,approximatelyhalfofChina'sexportsareproducedbysubsidiariesofforeigncompanies,towhichdividends,interestcharges,royaltiesandotherfeesmustbepaid.EvenamongChinesecompanieswithnocapitalrelationswithoverseascompanies,themajorityoftheirexportsareprocessedunderOEM(originalequipmentmanufacturing)contractsandsoldwithforeignbrandnames.Thusonlyaverysmallpercentageofthevalue-addedofproductslabeled"madeinChina"isactually"madebyChina".ThelattercorrespondstotheconceptofChina'sgrossnationalproduct(GNP),andexcludesimportchargesonintermediategoodsandinvestmentincomepaidtooverseascountries.

Chinaissoheavilydependentonforeignpartnersthatithasyettodevelopitsownedge-cuttingtechnologyandinternationallyrecognizedbrandnames.Ontopofthis;Chinesecompaniesareinferiortotheiroverseascounterpartsinvirtuallyeveryaspect,beitcapital,humanresources,orbusinessmanagement.Asaresult,Chinahasnooptionbuttolooktocheaplaborforitsexportcompetitiveness.Indeed,themajorityofChinascontributiontothevalue-addedofitsexportslieswiththecostoflabor,andtheverylowwagesinChina,averaginglessthan$100amonth,implythatthiscontributionmustbeverysmall.Assuch,thecommonassumptionthatChinesegoodsarecompetitivebecausethecountry'swagelevelsarelowholdstrueonlyforlabor-intensiveproductsanddoesnotnecessarilyapplytoindustryasawhole.Instead,China'slowwagesshouldbeinterpretedasareflectionofthefactthatitslaborproductivityispoor.ItiswhenChina'swagelevelsapproachthoseofJapan,reflectingariseinproductivity,whichChinawillreallybecomeaformidablecompetitorforJapan.

1.Whydoestheauthorsay"thereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan"?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,what'sthedifferencebetweenproductslabeled"madeinChina"andthoselabeled"madebyChina'?

3.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecompetitivenessofJapan'sproducts?

4.Theword“subsidiaries”i