考研考博-英语-曲靖职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-曲靖职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thepresidentpointedoutthatacollegedegreehasneverbeenmore（）,withtheaveragetuitionatapublicfour-yearcollegeincreasingmorethan250%astheaveragestudentloandebthits$26,000.

问题1选项

A.imaginative

B.expensive

C.sensitive

D.productive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。imaginative富于想象力的；expensive昂贵的；sensitive敏感的productive能生产的，多产的。由后半句“四年学费上涨了250%”可知上大学的费用比之前昂贵了，成本增加。故B项正确。句意：总统指出，获得大学学位从来没有像现在这样昂贵，四年制公立大学的平均学费上涨了超过250%，而学生贷款的平均债务达到26000美元。

2.单选题

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:“Areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?”TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey’rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants’impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestressthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation’sfearsandinsecurities.There’ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren’tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat’sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration’simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers—meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers’savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%from1980to2000.

Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants’accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected—say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents—theimpactisn’tallthatdramatic.“Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon.“Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone.”Toobadmostpeopledon’trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebatedoverimmigration?

问题1选项

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit’sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

问题2选项

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

问题3选项

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

问题4选项

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudge.

问题5选项

A.Eveneconomistscan’treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey’rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.绝大多数美国民众认为移民是有害的。然而，大多数经济学家的共识是，无论是合法的还是非法的移民，都对经济有小小的促进作用。”可知公众与经济学家就移民是好还是坏有不同的看法。故D项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第一段“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes，andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.移民提供了廉价的劳动力，降低了从农产品到新住房等一切商品的价格，让消费者口袋里多了一些钱。”可知移民给普通美国人带来的好处是：降低了物价，使他们手中能有多一些钱。故B项正确。

3.推理判断题.由题干关键词“nativelow-skilledworkers”定位到第三段倒数一、二句“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%from1980to2000.本地的低技能工人在与外国劳工的竞争中受害最深。根据哈佛大学经济学家GeorgeBorjas的一项研究，从1980年到2000年，移民使美国高中辍学生的工资下降了9%。”可知C项“他们很难找到一份薪水体面的工作”正确。

4.细节事实题。由第四段“Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.换句话说，他们最担心的是移民带来的财政负担。”可知D项“它会给国家预算带来很大压力”正确。

5.细节事实题。由最后一段“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected—say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents—theimpactisn’tallthatdramatic.具有讽刺意味的是，尽管所有的争论都过于激烈，移民的净影响却微乎其微。即使对那些受影响最严重的人——比如，低技能工人或加州居民——影响也不那么显著。”可知C项“人们对影响不大的事情大惊小怪”正确，即人们对于移民的影响过于大惊小怪。

3.问答题

Neverbeforehasflyingbeensocontroversial.Inthespaceoftwoyears,theenvironmentaldamagedonebyplaneshasgonefrombeingsomethingquietlydiscussedbyscientistsandcommittedenvironmentalists,toaheadline-grabbingissuenoonecanignore.

Eventhosewhoflyonceortwiceayearonholidaycan’thelpbutfeelagrowingsenseofguilt,whilethoseoptingfortripsbycar,trainorferryhaveaself-righteousspringintheirsteps.

(1)Now,however,thebacklashisbeginning.Thetourismandaviationindustriesaremobilizing,andpointingoutsomeawkwardfacts.Didyouknowthatsomeferriesemitfarmorecarbondioxidethansomeplanes?Thatdrivingcanreleasetwiceasmuchcarbonasflying?AnewreportfromBalpa,thepilot’sunion,evenclaimsthatplanescanbebetterthantrain.

(2)WhiletherearethecampaignerswhoplottheircampatHeathrowtoprotesttheairtravel,inKenyaplansarebeingdrawnupforaverydifferentcamp.LookingoutfromacliffoverthedesertsofSamburulandisastunninghotel,theO1MaloEco-Lodge.Revenuefromthesmallnumberofvisitingtouristshasallowedthe5,000acresaroundittobetransformedfromover-grazedcattleranchtoaconservationsite.MoreimpressivestillistheO1Maloeyeproject.Upto80percentofadultsintheareasuffersightloss,sotheO1MaloTrustrunsregularsurgicalcamps,bringingdoctorsfromtheUKtotreatthem.InJanuary,thecampgave102peoplebacktheirsight.“It’sverysimple—allofourvisitorsflyhere,”saidJuliaFrancombe,thefounder.“Iftheystoppedcoming,itwouldkillus.”

Onethingonwhichallsidesagreeisthataviationisbooming,soitbecomescrucialtodevelopnewandlesspollutingaircraft.Airbus’sclaimthatitcansavetheworldwiththeA380maybefar-fetched,butits(3)“gentlegiant”planeisfarmoreefficientandquieterthanthoseof20yearsago.

Someenvironmentalists,however,scorntheseadvances,sayingsuchmeasuresarea(4)“delusion.”“Theaviationindustryislikelytovastlyoverstatethegainsthatcanbemadefromtechnologicalimprovementsbutsadlyaclimatefriendlyplaneisn’tonthehorizon,”saysEmilyArmisteadofGreenpeace.

(5)Sothequestionis:whodoyoubelieve?

【答案】答：

1.Thepollutioncausedbyothertraffictoolsisbeginningtoincrease.

2.Ononehand,campaignerswhoplottheircampinEnglandaimtoagainsttheairtravel;Ontheotherhand,theothercampsinKenyademonstratethenecessityofflying.

3.bassandlarge-scale

4.vainattempttowardairpollutantproblems

5.Thequestionistodecidewhichsidedoyousupport.

【解析】1.原句句意是：然而，现在反弹开始了。结合上下文句意分析，上文提到飞机造成环境破坏已经成为了一个头条新闻，而那些选择开车、乘火车或渡轮旅行的人则有一种自以为是的春天；接着第三段提到一些渡轮排放的二氧化碳比一些飞机排放的要多得多，由此可知backlash指的是除飞机以外的交通工具污染开始得到人们的关注。故改写为Thepollutioncausedbyothertraffictoolsisbeginningtoincrease（其他交通工具造成的污染也开始增加）。

2.原句句意是：虽然有一些活动人士在希思罗机场设立营地来抗议肯尼亚的航空旅行，在肯尼亚，人们正在制定一个截然不同的营地计划。希思罗机场是英国的，所以可以将therearethecampaignerswhoplottheircampatHeathrow改写为campaignerswhoplottheircampinEngland（策划在英国扎营的活动人士）；另外，肯尼亚的人们制定一个截然不同的营地计划，通过“averydifferent”可知，这个计划是和抗议肯尼亚的航空旅行相反的，所以inKenyaplansarebeingdrawnupforaverydifferentcamp可以改写为theothercampsinKenyademonstratethenecessityofflying（肯尼亚的其他营地证明了飞行的必要性）。

3.这一句的句意是：空客声称它可以用A380拯救世界的说法可能有些牵强，但是它的“温柔的巨型”飞机比20年前的飞机效率更高，噪音更小。Gentlegiant带引号，这是一种比喻的说法，是用来修饰后面的plane（飞机），gentle原意是“温和的”，根据语境这里是表示“噪音小，声音低”，giant原意是“巨大的”，这里是表示飞机“体积大”，所以改写为bassandlarge-scale（低音和大规模）。

4.这一句的句意是：然而，一些环保主义者鄙视这些进步，称这些措施是一种“妄想”。由此可知delusion表示“妄想”，所以可以改写为vainattempt（妄想）；另外为了细化句子的意思，添加towardairpollutantproblems（针对空气污染问题）用来起补充说明的作用。

5.原句句意是：所以问题是：你相信谁？这一句是文章的总结句，整篇文章就飞机造成环境污染的问题的争论，对正反两个阵营进行阐述，最后一句的意思就是“你支持哪一种说法”，所以可以改写为Thequestionistodecidewhichsidedoyousupport（问题是你决定支持哪一方）。

4.单选题

Therearestillmanycountrieswherethedeathpenaltyisthe（

）againstmurder.

问题1选项

A.sanction

B.prevention

C.fright

D.threat

【答案】A

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。sanction“制裁，处罚”；prevention“预防，阻止”；fright“惊吓”；threat“威胁”。句意：仍然有许多国家将死刑作犯谋杀罪的处罚。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Shewasso（

）fortheknowledgethatshehadtaughtherselfallthecoursesbeforeshewenttocollege.

问题1选项

A.grave

B.greedy

C.anxious

D.worried

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项grave“重大的”；B选项greedy“贪婪的，渴望的”；C选项anxious“焦虑的”；D选项worried“担心的”。句意：她是对知识是如此的渴望，以至于她在上大学之前就自学了所有的课程。选项B符合句意。

6.单选题

Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.Theexistingframeworkrelatingtophysicalassaultandcareofthedeadhasnoprovisionfororgantransplantation.Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.Compulsorypostmortemexamination,afarmoreextensiveprocedurethanorganremovalforgrafting,isrequiredinmostcountriesafterunexpecteddeath,andthiscompulsionisnotamatterofpublicconcernanddebate.

Therewouldseemtobenoreasonwhyorganremovalfortransplantationpurposesshouldnotalsobeacceptabletopublicopinion,providedthereisamechanismbywhichindividualsintheirlifetimecanrefusethispermission.This,ofcourse,requiresanefficientregisterofthosewhoindicatetheirrefusal;theregisterwouldbeconsultedbeforeanyorganswouldberemoved.Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.

Transplantationhasobviouslyraisedimportantethicalconsiderationsconcerningthediagnosisofdeath,andparticularly,howfarresuscitationshouldbecontinued.Everyeffortmustbemadetorestoretheheartbeattosomeonewhohashadasuddencardiacarrestorbreathingtosomeonewhocannotbreathe.Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasuggestionmadeinthepassage?

3.Theword“impair”attheendofParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（

）.

4.Itisbelievedthateffortsatresuscitationareuselesswhen

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestsumupthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Mostcountriesdonothaveaneffectivelawonorgantransplantation

B.Thetraditionalwaysofaskingforpermissionofrelativesfororganremovaldosnotprovedtobealwaysfeasible

C.Itishardtounderstandwhypeopleshouldremainsilentoncompulsorypostmortemexamafterunexpecteddeath.

D.Insomecountriesthesearelawsprovidingthatthepermissionoforganremovalistakenforgrantedunlessithasbeenrefusedbythepersoninhislifetime.

问题2选项

A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtodonatetheirorgansafterdeath

B.Organremovalshouldbepermittedinthecourseofcompulsorypostmortemexam.

C.Organremovalfortransplantationshouldbeadvocatedbecauseitbenefitsthehumansociety

D.Organremovalfortransplantationcouldbeconsideredlegalunlessthedeadpersonstatedotherwiseinhislifetime.

问题3选项

A.neglect

B.weaken

C.cometogetherwith

D.besuperiorto

问题4选项

A.artificialrespirationandmassageofthehearthaveyieldednoobviousresult

B.aperson’sheartbeatandbreathhastotallystopped

C.standardmethodsofresuscitationhavefailed

D.thebrainiscertainlydead

问题5选项

A.Legalandethicalproblemsoforgantransplantation

B.Someunderlyingprinciplesonorgantransplantation

C.Thediagnosisofdeathbeforeorgantransplantation

D.Thedifferencebetweencompulsorypostmortemexamandorgantransplantation

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段首句Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.（在大多数国家，器官移植的法律定义很不明确，因为尚未制定出针对外科手术进步的立法）可知A选项“大多数国家没有关于器官移植的有效法律”正确；由第一段中的Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.（习惯上要征得亲属的允许，但由于器官的摘除必须在死亡后立即进行，可能无法及时联系到亲属）可知B选项“传统的器官摘除请求亲属许可的方法并不总是可行的”正确；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.（另一种办法是通过法律规定，除非个人在一生中禁止摘除，否则必须获得许可。丹麦、法国、瑞典、意大利和以色列都通过了这样的法律）可知D选项“在一些国家，这些法律规定，除非个人在一生中拒绝摘除，否则摘除器官的许可是理所当然的”正确。通过排除法排除A、B、D，因此选C。

2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.（有人建议，应开展广泛的宣传，鼓励人们在其遗嘱中规定将其器官用于移植）可知A选项“应该鼓励人们在死后捐献器官”和C选项“器官移植应该提倡，因为它有利于人类社会”正确；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.（另一种办法是通过法律规定，除非个人在一生中禁止摘除，否则必须获得许可）可知D选项“移植器官的摘除可被视为合法，除非死者在其有生之年另有说明”符合题意。通过排除法排除A、C、D，因此选B。

3.词义题。neglect意为“忽视，疏忽”；weaken意为“减弱，削弱”；cometogetherwith意为“和……一起”；besuperiorto意为“优越于，不受诱惑”。“impair”出现文章第二段“Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.（重要的是，政府要保证，考虑移植不会……潜在供者的正常复苏努力）”中，由此可知B选项最符合逻辑关系。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.（人工呼吸和心脏按摩以及复苏的标准方法一直持续到脑死亡。大多数医生认为除此之外，努力复苏是无用的）可知选D。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了器官移植法律和伦理方面的问题，因此选A。

7.翻译题

Asholidaysgo,Thanksgivingisinsomewaysthemostphilosophical.Todaywetrynottotakeforgrantedthethingswealmostalwaystakeforgranted.Wetry,ifonlyinthatbriefpausebeforetheeatingbegins,toseethroughthewell-wornpatternsofourlivestowhatliesbehindthem.Inotherwords,wetrytounderstandhowveryrichweare,whetherwefeelveryrichornot.TodayisoneofthefewtimesmostAmericansconsciouslysetdesireaside,ifonlybecausedesireisincompatiblewiththegratitude—nottomentiontheabundance—thatThanksgivingsummons.

ItistemptingtothinkthatoneThanksgivingisprettymuchlikeanother,exceptfordifferencesintheguestlistandtherecipes.Butitisn’ttrue.Thisisalwaysafeastaboutwherewearenow.Thanksgivingreflectsthecomplexionoftheyearwe’rein.Someyearsitfeelsbuoyant,almostjubilantinnature.OtheryearsitseemsmarkedbyaconspicuoushumilityuncommoninthecalendarofAmericanemotions.

Andthisyear?WewillprobablyrememberthisThanksgivingasabanquetofmixedemotions.Thisis,afterall,aprofoundlyAmericanholiday.Theundertowofbusinessasusualseemsespeciallystrongthisyear.Theshadowofawarandmisgivingsoverthefutureloomsinthemindsofmanyofus.MostyearsweenjoytheprivacyofThanksgiving,butthisyeartheholidayfeelslikeareminderforourselvesofwhatitmeanstobeAmerican.

Thatmeansgivingthanksforsomefundamentalprinciplesthatshouldbehonoredeverydayoftheyearinthelifeofthisnation—principlesofgenerosity,toleranceandinclusion.Thisisfeastthatnooneshouldbeturnedawayfrom.Thewelcomewefeelmakessenseonlyifwealsoextendittoothers.

【答案】【参考译文】在众多的假日中，感恩节可以说是最令人深思的节日。今天我们会把平时习以为常的东面看得很珍贵。我们试着，哪怕只是在吃饭前的片刻，去看透那一成不变的生活，悟出背后的道理。换句话说，无论我们觉得自己是贫是富，我们总是尽力把自己看得十分富有。今天是大多数美国人有意识地把欲望放在一边的为数不多的时刻之一，这至少是因为今天我们有一颗感恩的心，更不用说还有一桌丰盛的菜肴，欲望此时光临便显得格格不入。

人们不禁会觉得，除了宾客不同，菜式翻新，感恩节还是年年依旧。其实不然，感恩节这一餐总是关乎到我们的处境，反映出一年的年景。有些年的感恩节我们心情愉悦，几乎是喜气洋洋，但有些年头我们却把感恩节过得相当低调，不敢骄傲，这并不是美国人惯有的情绪。

那么今年呢？日后若想起今年这个感恩节，我们也许会记得，这一餐吃得五味杂陈，这毕竟是一个深具美国特色的节庆之日。但一切如旧的现状对美国人造成的影响在今年似乎特别大，战争的阴影，对未来的担忧，一直盘踞在我们许多人的脑海中。感恩节我们一般与至亲好友在一起，感受那种其乐融融的气氛，可是今年，我们似乎要借感恩节与国人一起重温身为美国人的意义。

这就意味着，我们要为能有一些基本的原则而感恩，一些这个国家的生活中每日应该尊崇的原则，也就是慷慨、容忍、包容的原则。所以这一餐应该是来者不拒。我们感受的节日温馨，只有与他人分享才有意义。

8.填空题

Directions:Inthispart,youwillreadapassage.Thenusingwordsorphrasesfromthepassagefillintheboxesinthefollowingdiagramtoindicatethepossiblesequencesofeventsbeforeandafteranearthquake.WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

1.Everyyearearthquakesareresponsibleforalargenumberofdeathsandavastamountofdestructioninvariouspartsoftheworld.MostofthesedamagingearthquakesoccureitherinanarrowbeltwhichsurroundsthePacificOceanorinalinewhichextendsfromBurmatotheAlpsinEurope.Someofthedestructionisdirectlycausedbythequakeitself.Anexampleofthisisthecollapseofbuildingsasaresultofvibration.Otherdamageresultsfromlandslides,tsunamis(largeoceanwaves)ormajorfireswhichareinitiatedbythequake.

2.Thereareaboutamillionquakesayear.Fortunately,however,notallofthemaredestructive.TheintensityofanearthquakeismeasuredontheRichterScale,whichgoesfrom0upward.Thehighestmagnituderecordedtodateis8.9.Majordamagegenerallyoccursfromquakesrangingupwardsfrom6.0.Exceptionstothisarethosewhoseepicentersarelocatedfarfrominhabitedareas.

3.Theactualcauseofthequakeitselfistherupturingorbreakingofrocksatorbelowtheearth’ssurface.Thisisproducedbypressurewhichscientistsbelievemaybeduetoanumberofreasons,twoofwhicharetheexpansionandcontractionoftheearth’scrustandcontinentaldrift.

4.Inordertominimizethedamageandtoalleviatesomeofthesufferingresultingfromearthquakes,scientistsareworkingonwaystoenableaccurateprediction.Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.Theformerrecordsanyshakingoftheearth;bymeansofcalculationsseismologistscanaccuratelyindicatetheexacttime,locationandsizeofanearthquake.Thelatter,asthenamesuggests,isusedtorecordanychangesinthetiltoftheland.

【答案】66.pressure

67.seismographs

68.shakingoftheearth

69.tiltmeters

70.changesinthetiltoftheland

【解析】66.根据第三段最后一句Thisisproducedbypressurewhichscientistsbelievemaybeduetoanumberofreasons,twoofwhicharetheexpansionandcontractionoftheearth’scrustandcontinentaldrift.（这是由科学家认为可能是由许多原因造成的压力产生的，其中两个是地壳的膨胀和收缩以及大陆漂移。），由此可知expansionandcontractionoftheearth（地壳的膨胀和收缩）和continentaldrift（大陆漂移）是pressure(压力)。

67.根据第四段第二句Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.（目前用于实现这一目标的仪器有地震仪和倾斜仪。）可知，空格应填入seismographs。

68.根据第四段第三句Theformerrecordsanyshakingoftheearth（地震仪是用来记录地壳的任何震动）可知，空格应填入shakingoftheearth。

69.根据第四段第二句Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.（目前用于实现这一目标的仪器有地震仪和倾斜仪。）可知，空格应填入tiltmeters。

70.根据第四段最后一句Thelatter,asthenamesuggests,isusedtorecordanychangesinthetiltoftheland.（倾斜仪，顾名思义，是用来记录土地倾斜的任何变化。）可知，空格应填入changesinthetiltoftheland。

9.单选题

Therearesomepeoplewhowilluseanykindofargument,nomatterhowillogical,solongastheycan（

）anopponent.

问题1选项

A.rebuttal

B.disputewith

C.scoreoff

D.scornwith

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组及名词词义辨析。rebuttal“反驳；反证”；disputewith“与······争论”；scoreoff“驳倒；挫败”；“scornwith轻蔑；嘲笑”。句意：只要能驳倒对手，有些人将会使用任何一种论点，不管该论点是多么不合逻辑的。只有C项符合题意。

10.单选题

11.

问题1选项

A.Seafood.

B.Dairyproducts.

C.Vegetablesandfruit.

D.Heavyfood.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Howlongdoesthepainlastwhenyougetit?

M:Itcomesandgoes!SometimesIhardlyfeelanything,othertimesitcanlastuptohalfanhourormore.

W:Isthereatypeoffoodthatseemstocausestrongerpainthanothertypes?

M:Um,heavyfoodslikesteakorlasagnausuallybringsiton,I’vebeentryingtoavoidthose.

Q:Whattypeoffoodseemstocausestrongerpaintotheman?

【解析】细节题。男士说heavyfood通常会造成这种疼痛。

11.单选题

8.

问题1选项

A.$60.

B.$40.

C.$360.

D.$30.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Ok.Sothatwouldbe800dollarsplus60dollarsinovertime,right?

W:Right,somypaycheckshouldbe860dollars,butonly830dollarswereputintomyaccount.

M:Sorryaboutthat.I’llrecordthemistaketodayandwirethemoneyintoyouraccountfirstthingtomorrowmorning.

Q:Howmuchwillthemanwireintothewoman'saccount?

【解析】计算题。本应打入女士账户860美元，但实际只有830美元，因此还应打入30美元。

12.不定项选择题

What’syourearliestchildhoodmemory?Canyourememberlearningtowalk?Ortalk?Thefirsttimeyou（71）thunderorwatchedatelevisionprogram?Adultsseldom（72）eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool,justaschildrenyoungerthanthreeorfour（73）retainanymemoryofspecific,personalexperiences.Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen（74）bypsychologistsforthis“childhoodamnesia”(儿童失忆症).Onearguesthatthehippocampus,theregionofthebrainwhichisresponsibleforformingmemories,doesnotmature（75）abouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory（76）that,sinceadultsdonotthinklikechildren,theycannot（77）childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwords,andtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor（78）—oneeventfollows（79）asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental（80）forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestory,theydon’tfindanythingthatfitsthe（81）,it’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary.

NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmonsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew（82）forchildhoodamnesia:Shearguesthattheresimply（83）