中考复习-一般过去时与现在完成时的区别专题与练习

中考复习—一般过去时与现在完成时的区别专题与练习一、前言：初一下学期学习了一般过去时态的相关知识，而在初二上学期英语的学习中，现在完成时是重要的学习内容。现在通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时，对现在完成时进行讲解与复习。二、现在完成时现在完成时的构成现在完成时是由助动词have（has）+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。现在完成时的用法现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。Wearegoodfriends.（现在的情况）Iknewhimin1997.（过去的动作）Wehaveknowneachothersince1997.（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet等副词修饰。如：-Haveyouhadlunchyet?-Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如：Hehastaughtheresince1981.他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）Ihaven'tseenherforfouryears.我有四年没见到她了。（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,threetimes等时间状语。如:IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去过北京二次。1/8

现在完成时的时间状语（1）见在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework我们已完成作业了。Theyhaven'tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他们还没有完成作业。b・用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未”等。如：-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾经去过长城吗？-IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWal1我从未去过长城。c・用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,uptonow,thepastfewyears等。例如：Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays.近几天他去过那里三次了。d・用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,thismorning（month,year,term等。例如：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihaven't.今天你见过他吗？我没有。Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear?今年你去过那里多少次？（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用，表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：Ihaven'tseenhimfortwoyears.但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive—beherearrive—beheredie—bedeaddie—bedeadcomeback—bebackleave—beawayfallill(sick,leave—beawayfallill(sick,asleep)—beill(sick,asleep)getup—beupgoout—beoutfinish—beoverputon—wear或beonfinish—beoverputon—wear或beonopen—beopenjoin—bein或beamemberof...close—beclosedgotoschool—beastudenclose—beclosed2/88/8C.Have...copied...didD.Did...copy...had“Whysheangry?”“Becauseheatherjustnow.”A.did.get.shoutedB.has.got.shoutedC.did.get.hasshoutedD.has.got.hasshoutedyouthefilmbefore?Whereyouit?A.Have.seen.did.seeB.Did.see.did.watchC.Have.seen.have.seenD.Did.see.have.seenYoumewaitingfortwohours.Iforyousincefive.A.kept.waitedC.kept.havewaitedA.kept.waitedC.kept.havewaitedhavekept.havewaitedthereforanhour.WhereJohn?Tothelibrary.Hethereforanhour.A.has.been.hasgoneB.has.gone.hasbeendid.go.wentD.did.be.wentthebabystill?No,itcrying.A.Has.cried.hasstoppedB.Is.crying.stoppedC.Did.cry.stoppedD.Is.crying.hasstoppedItheway.Ihereforquitemanyyears.A.knew.havelivedB.knew.liveC.know.havelivedD.know.liveyoueverAmerica?Yes,Ihave.A.Have.gonetoB.Have.goneinC.Have.beentoD.Have.beeninMybrothercollegeforoverthreeyears.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeeninD.hasbeenatHetheArmybytheendof1989.Heinthearmysincethen.A.joined.isB.hasjoined.hasbeenC.hadjoined.isD.hadjoined.hasbeenBythetimeIbacktheyuptensatellites.A.came.havesentB.came.hadsentC.come.havesentD.hadcome.sentJackoverfivelessonsbyseveno'clock.Thenhearest.A.went.tookB.went.hadtakenC.hadgone.tookD.hadgone.hadtaken

Weoutbythattimethatheaspyforalongtime.A.hadfound...hadbeenB.hadfound...wasC.found...hadbeenD.found...wasBeforethenewshim,hetoknowaboutit.A.reaches.hasgotB.reached.hadgotC.reached.gotD.hadreached.gotIhimasecondletterbeforeIfromhim.A.wrote.heardB.wrote.hadheardC.hadwritten.heardD.havewritten.hearPeoplethatthesoldiersfighting.A.say.hadstoppedB.said.hasstoppedC.say.stoppedD.said.hadstoppedWeinagoodharvestbecauseweenoughrain.A.didn'tget.hadhadB.got.hadhadC.hadgot.hadhadD.got.hadn'thadTheyforfivehourswhentheyinNewYork.A.flew.arrivedB.hadflown.hadarrivedC.flew.hadarrivedhadflown.arrivedC.flew.hadarrivedhadflown.arrivedShethatitfortwodaysbythatday.A.says.hasrainedB.says.hadrainedC.said.hadrainedD.said.rainedA.says.hasrainedB.says.hadrainedC.said.hadrainedD.said.rainedJohntheresincetheyearbefore,sohethem.A.hadworked.knewB.hadworked.hadknownC.worked.knewD.worked.hadknownC.worked.knewD.worked.hadknownHeangrybecauseheforalongtime.A.hadgot.hadwaitedB.got.waitedC.hadgot.waitedD.got.hadwaited-Ihaveseenthefilm“Titanic”already.-Whenyouit？-Thedaybeforeyesterday.A.ha