考研考博-英语-无锡太湖学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-无锡太湖学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.不定项选择题

MostAmericansbelievethatoursocietyofconsumption-happy,fun-living,jet-travelingpeoplecreatesthegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumber.Contrarytothisview,Ibelievethatourpresentwayoflifeleadstoincreasinganxiety,helplessnessand,eventually,tothedisintegrationofourculture.Irefusetoidentifyfunwithpleasure,excitementwithjoy,businesswithhappiness,orthefaceless,buck-passing“organizationman”withanindependentindividual.

Fromthiscriticalviewourratesofalcoholism,suicideanddivorce,aswellasjuveniledelinquency,gangrule,actsofviolenceandindifferencetolife,arecharacteristicsymptomsofour“pathologyofnormalcy”.Itmaybearguedthatallthesepathologicalphenomenaexistbecausewehavenotyetreachedouraim,thatofanaffluentsociety.Itistrue,wearestillfarfrombeinganaffluentsociety.Butthematerialprogressmadeinthelastdecadesallowsustohopethatoursystemmighteventuallyproduceamateriallyaffluentsociety.Yetwillwebehappierthen?TheexampleofSweden,oneofthemostprosperous,democraticandpeacefulEuropeancountries,isnotveryencouraging:Sweden,asisoftenpointedout,inspiteofallitsmaterialsecurityhasamongthehighestalcoholismandsuicideratesinEurope,whileamuchpoorercountrylikeIrelandranksamongthelowestintheserespects.Coulditbethatourdreamthatmaterialwelfareperseleadstohappinessisjustapipedream?

Certainlythehumanistthinkersoftheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,whoareourideologicalancestors,thoughtthatthegoaloflifewasthefullunfoldingofaperson’spotentialities,whatmatteredtothemwasthepersonwhoismuch,nottheonewhohasmuchorusesmuch.Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofman,notanend.Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends,thatnotonly“Godisdead”asNietzschesaidinthenineteenthcentury,butalsomanisdead;thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster.

Eachsocietycreatesitsowntypeofpersonalitybyitswayofbringingupchildreninthefamily,byitssystemofeducation,byitseffectivevalues(thatisthosevaluesthatarerewardedratherthanonlypreached).Everysocietycreatesthetypeof“socialcharacter”whichisneededforitsproperfunctioning.Itformsmenwhowanttodowhattheyhavetodo.Whatkindofmendoesourlarge-scale,bureaucratizedindustrialismneed?

Itneedsmenwhocooperatesmoothlyinlargegroups,whowanttoconsumemoreandmore,andwhosetastesarestandardizedandcanbeeasilyinfluencedandanticipated.Itneedsmenwhofeelfreeandindependent,yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected,tofitintothesocialmachinewithoutfriction;menwhocanbeguidedwithoutforce,ledwithoutleaders,promptedwithoutanaimexcepttheaimtobeonthemove,tofunction,togoahead.

1.TheauthorusestheexampleofSwedeninthesecondparagraphtoshowthat（）.

2.Comparedwiththinkersofthe18thand19thcenturies,peopletoday（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthe3rdparagraphthat（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichtypeofindividualmightbemostwelcomeintoday’ssociety?

5.Theauthorwritesthisarticleto（）.

问题1选项

A.anaffluentsocietywillbefreefromthosepathologicalphenomena

B.SwedenisabettersocietythananyotherinEurope

C.aprosperouscountrywillhavehigheralcoholismandsuicideratesthanapoorcountry

D.happinesshasnothingtodowithmaterialwelfare

问题2选项

A.aremoreconcernedabouthowtobringintofullplaypeople’spotentials

B.carelessaboutthematerialthingsoflifethanaboutthespiritualthings

C.regardmaterialthingsthemostimportantinlife

D.haveabsolutecontroloftheworld

问题3选项

A.theauthorstronglyopposeseconomicproduction

B.theauthorisinfavoroftheideologyofthethinkersofthe18thand19thcenturies

C.theauthorisfollowerofNietzsche

D.theauthorthinksthatprioritiesshouldbegiventoeconomicproduction

问题4选项

A.Peoplewhoarerebellious.

B.Peoplewhohavetheorganizingability.

C.Peoplewhoareconformists.

D.Peoplewhocanoperatemachinesproperly.

问题5选项

A.describe

B.inform

C.narrate

D.comment

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段第六句“TheexampleofSweden,oneofthemostprosperous,democraticandpeacefulEuropeancountries,isnotveryencouraging…瑞典是欧洲最繁荣、民主、和平的国家之一，它的例子并不令人鼓舞……”可知D项“幸福与物质享受无关”与原文相符。A项“一个富裕的社会将不会有这些病态现象”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“瑞典是一个比欧洲其他任何国家都更好的社会”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“一个繁荣的国家会比一个贫穷的国家有更高的酗酒率和自杀率”，原文并没有相关表达。因此D选项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第三段第三句“Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends...如今，这个手段似乎已经变成了目的……”可知C项“视物质为生命中最重要的东西”与原文相符。A项“更关心如何充分发挥人的潜力”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“更关心精神上的事，而不是物质上的事”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“绝对控制世界”，原文并没有相关表达。因此C选项正确。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第三段第三句“Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends...thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster.如今，这个手段似乎已经变成了目的……似乎活着的是组织机构和机器；似乎人类已变成了它们的奴隶，而不是主人。”可知B项“作者赞成18、19世纪思想家的思想”与原文相符。A项“作者强烈反对经济生产”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“作者是尼采的追随者”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“作者认为应该优先考虑经济生产”，原文并没有相关表达。因此B选项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章最后一段第二句“Itneedsmenwhofeelfreeandindependent,yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected...它需要感觉自由和独立的人，但他们愿意被命令，去做所期望的事……”可知C项“墨守成规的人”正确。A项“叛逆的人”；B项“有组织能力的人”；D项“能够正确操作机械的人”，均不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段第二句“Contrarytothisview,Ibelievethatourpresentwayoflifeleadstoincreasinganxiety,helplessnessand,eventually,tothedisintegrationofourculture.与这种观点相反，我认为我们目前的生活方式导致越来越多的焦虑和无助，并最终导致我们文化的解体。”以及最后一段中“Itneedsmenwhofeelfreeandindependent,yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected…它需要感觉自由和独立的人，但他们愿意被命令，去做所期望的事……”可知这篇文章属于评论文章，由此知D项“发表评论”正确。A项“描述”；B项“告知”；C项“叙述”，均不符合题意。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Therealitydoesnotalways（

）toone’sexpectations.

问题1选项

A.contribute

B.add

C.amount

D.correspond

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项contribute“贡献；出力”；B选项add“增加”；C选项amount“总计；合计；等于”；D选项correspond“符合；相应”。句意：现实并不总是尽如人意。句中的reality“现实”和expectation“期望”之间应有的关系是“符合”，因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Utopiaisaperfectplace.Itisaplacewithoutwar,hunger,poverty,orcrime.Itisaplacewherethepeopleworktogetherandshare.ThereisnomoneyinUtopiabecausethepeopledonotneedmoney.Theydonothavepersonalpossessionsbecauseeverythingbelongstoeveryone.AllofthepeopleareequalinUtopia,andthelawsareallfair.

Utopiaisnotanewplace.Plato,theancientGreekphilosopher,describedaperfectsocietyinhisfamousdialogueTheRepublic.InPlato'sRepublic,philosopherswerethekings,andeverypersonhadaplaceinthesociety.In1516,SirThomasMorewroteaboutanislandinthePacificOceanwhereeverythingwasperfect.Henamedtheisland“Utopia”.In1872,SamuelButlerwroteanovelaboutaperfectcountrywhichhenamed“Erehwon”.“Utopia”isaGreekwordthatmeans“notaplace”and“Erehwon”istheEnglishword“nowhere”spelledbackwards.

ManypeoplecametotheNewWorldtofindUtopia.TheShakers,areligiousgroup,wantedtolivelikethefirstChristians.TheShakersstartedtheirfirstcommunityinNewYorkin1776.GeorgeRapp,aGermanfarmer,cametotheUnitedStatesin1804tostartaUtopiancommunity.In1815,RappandhisfollowersboughtlandfortheircommunityinHarmony,Indiana,andtheymadethethingstheyneededwithmachines.In1824,theysoldthecommunitytoRobertOwen,whostartedtheUtopiancommunityofNewHarmonythere.InNewHarmony,everythingbelongedtoeveryoneandmenandwomenwereequal,butNewHarmonylastedonlytwoyears.ThenFrancisWrightbeganNashoba,acommunitywherewhitepeopleandblackpeoplecouldliveandworktogether,nearMemphis,Tennessee.Nashobalastedfrom1825to1830.AgroupofintellectualsfoundedBrookFarm,aUtopianfarmingcommunity,in1841.However,theydidnothavemanyfarmingskills,sothefarmclosedin1847.Fouryearslater,JosiahWarrensetupModernTimes,ananarchistcommunitynearNewYorkCity.Itclosedin1857.

Utopiaisaperfectplace,butitisnotarealplace.Most“real”Utopiaslastonlyashorttime.ThisisbecauseeveryonewantstoliveinUtopia,butnooneknowshowtomakeitwork.Asaresult,whenwesaysomethingis“Utopian”today,wemeanthatitisagoodideabutitisnotrealistic.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat（）.

3.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatShakers（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingmaybethemostappropriatedefinitionof“ananarchistcommunity”?

5.Allthe“Utopias”mentionedinthethirdparagraphlastedonlyabrieftimebecause（）.

问题1选项

A.whatmakesUtopia

B.howtobuildUtopia

C.theoriginofUtopia

D.theeconomyofUtopia

问题2选项

A.“Utopia”isawordcreatedbyThomasMore

B.“Utopia”hasthesameconceptas“Erehwon”

C.ThomasMorenamedtheisland“Utopia”becausehewasGreek

D.thecharacteristicsofUtopiawerefirstmentionedinTheRepublic

问题3选项

A.foundedthefirstcommunityinNewYork

B.believedthefirstChristiancommunitywasUtopia

C.hadtriedtofindUtopiaonlyinNewYork

D.hadestablishedthefirstrealUtopiaintheworld

问题4选项

A.Acommunitywhosemembersbelieveinsomekindofreligion.

B.Acommunitywherepeopleliveundermuchself-control.

C.Acommunitywhereitsmembersaresupposedtobeequal.

D.Acommunitywhichiseconomicallypoorbutspirituallyrich.

问题5选项

A.themembersdidn'tknowhowtorealizetheideaofUtopia

B.thememberswerenotsatisfiedwiththeideaofUtopia

C.thememberswerenotcapableenoughtobuildacommunity

D.themembersfoundthatUtopiaalsohadshortcomings

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout______.1.第一段主要是关于______。

A.whatmakesUtopiaA.乌托邦的形成

B.howtobuildUtopiaB.如何建立乌托邦

C.theoriginofUtopiaC.乌托邦的起源

D.theeconomyofUtopiaD.乌托邦的经济

【答案】A

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】首先定位原文第一段，第一句指出“乌托邦是一个完美的地方”，然后后面具体描述这个地方是怎样的，是如何美好等这些信息，都是在描述是什么造就了乌托邦，所以第一段主要是关于乌托邦是如何形成的，A项“乌托邦的形成”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“如何建立乌托邦”根据解题思路，该项曲解原文；

C项“乌托邦的起源”是第二段的内容，属于张冠李戴；

D项“乌托邦的经济”没有提及，无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat______.2.从第二段可以推断______。

A.“Utopia”isawordcreatedbyThomasMoreA.“乌托邦”是托马斯•莫尔创造的一个词语

B.“Utopia”hasthesameconceptas“Erehwon”B.“乌托邦”和“埃雷亨”有相同的概念

C.ThomasMorenamedtheisland“Utopia”becausehewasGreekC.托马斯•莫尔把这个岛命名为“乌托邦”，因为他是希腊人

D.thecharacteristicsofUtopiawerefirstmentionedinTheRepublicD.乌托邦的特征在《理想国》中首次被提及

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“1872年，塞缪尔•巴特勒写了一本关于一个完美国家的小说，他将其命名为‘埃雷亨’：‘乌托邦’是一个希腊语单词，意思是‘非真实存在的地方’，而‘埃雷亨’是英语单词‘nowhere’的倒写形式”，这也就是说，“埃雷亨”和“乌托邦”概念相同，都是表示“非真实存在的地方”。所以B项“‘乌托邦’和‘埃雷亨’有相同的概念”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“‘乌托邦’是托马斯•莫尔创造的一个词语”，根据解题思路可知，“乌托邦”是一个希腊词语，所以并不是托马斯•莫尔创造出来的，他只是把岛屿命名为“乌托邦”，该项属于曲解原文；

C项“托马斯•莫尔把这个岛命名为‘乌托邦’，因为他是希腊人”，原文没有提到托马斯•莫尔是希腊人，该项无中生有；

D项“乌托邦的特征在《理想国》中首次被提及”，该段并没有提到乌托邦的特征是首次在《理想国》中提及，该项无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

3.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatShakers______.3.从文章中我们可以得知震教徒______。

A.foundedthefirstcommunityinNewYorkA.在纽约建立了第一个社区

B.believedthefirstChristiancommunitywasUtopiaB.认为第一个基督教社区是乌托邦

C.hadtriedtofindUtopiaonlyinNewYorkC.只在纽约寻找乌托邦

D.hadestablishedthefirstrealUtopiaintheworldD.已经建立了世界上第一个真正的乌托邦

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词Shakers定位到第三段，根据第二和第三句“震教徒，一个宗教团体，想要像第一批基督徒一样生活。震教徒于1776年在纽约建立了他们的第一个社区。”由此可以推断出，这个团体认为第一批基督徒所生活的社区是乌托邦，所以才会来到新大陆寻找乌托邦。所以B项“认为第一个基督教社区是乌托邦”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“在纽约建立了第一个社区”，根据解题思路可知，震教徒建立的是属于他们自己团体的第一个社区，并不是纽约市的第一个，该项曲解原文；

C项“只在纽约寻找乌托邦”，他们是在新大陆而不仅仅是在纽约寻找乌托邦，最后是在纽约建立了社区，该项曲解原文；

D项“已经建立了世界上第一个真正的乌托邦”，没有提及，无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

4.Whichofthefollowingmaybethemostappropriatedefinitionof“ananarchistcommunity”?4.下列哪一项可能是“无政府主义社区”最恰当的定义？

A.Acommunitywhosemembersbelieveinsomekindofreligion.A.成员信仰某种宗教的社区。

B.Acommunitywherepeopleliveundermuchself-control.B.一个人们生活在自我控制之下的社区。

C.Acommunitywhereitsmembersaresupposedtobeequal.C.一个成员应该平等的社区。

D.Acommunitywhichiseconomicallypoorbutspirituallyrich.D.一个经济上贫穷但精神上富有的社区。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词ananarchistcommunity可定位到第三段倒数第二句“四年后，乔赛亚•沃伦在纽约市附近建立了一个无政府主义社区”，在这之前所提及的community都是属于乌托邦式的，由此可以推断ananarchistcommunity也属于乌托邦式的社区，而描写前面几个乌托邦式的社区时，对此有描述，如第三段第七和第八句“在新和谐社会，一切都属于所有人，男女平等，但新和谐社会只持续了两年。后来，弗朗西斯•赖特在田纳西州孟菲斯附近创建了纳舒巴社区，在那里白人和黑人可以一起生活和工作。”，由前面对社区的描述我们可以看出，equal这个关键词能够很好的表达出乌托邦的特点，所以C项“一个成员应该平等的社区”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“成员信仰某种宗教的社区”、B项“一个人们生活在自我控制之下的社区”和D项“一个经济上贫穷但精神上富有的社区”在文章中没有相关描述，属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

5.Allthe“Utopias”mentionedinthethirdparagraphlastedonlyabrieftimebecause______.5.第三段提到的所有“乌托邦”都只持续了很短的时间，因为______。

A.themembersdidn’tknowhowtorealizetheideaofUtopiaA.成员们不知道如何实现乌托邦的想法

B.thememberswerenotsatisfiedwiththeideaofUtopiaB.成员们对乌托邦的想法并不满意

C.thememberswerenotcapableenoughtobuildacommunityC.成员们没有足够的能力建立一个社区

D.themembersfoundthatUtopiaalsohadshortcomingsD.成员们发现乌托邦也有缺点

【答案】A

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据最后一段第二三句“大多数真正的乌托邦只能维持很短的时间。这是因为每个人都想生活在乌托邦里，但没有人知道如何实现它。”可知，第三段提到的所有“乌托邦”都只持续了很短的时间，因为社区成员不知道如何去实现乌托邦式的生活，A项“成员们不知道如何实现乌托邦的想法”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“成员们对乌托邦的想法并不满意”和D项“成员们发现乌托邦也有缺点”没有提及，无中生有；

C项“成员们没有足够的能力建立一个社区”由解题思路可知，该项曲解原文。

4.单选题

Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo______bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.

问题1选项

A.unrecording

B.tohavebeenunrecorded

C.unrecorded

D.tobeunrecorded

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些调查表明，许多犯罪没有被警方记录下来，主要是因为并非所有的受害者都会报案。manycrimesgo______bythepolice是indicate的宾语从句，manycrimes是主语，go是系动词，横线部分是表语；根据by可知横线部分有被动含义，C选项unrecorded符合题意。A选项unrecording没有被动含义；B选项tohavebeenunrecorded和D选项tobeunrecorded用法错误。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Everyonehasamomentinhistory,whichbelongsparticularlytohim.Itisthemomentwhenhisemotionsachievetheirmostpowerfulswayoverhim.andafterwardwhenyousaytothisperson“theworldtoday”or“life”or“reality”，hewillassumethatyoumeanthismoment,evenifitisfiftyyearspast.Theworld,throughhisunleashedemotions,imprinteditselfuponhim,andhecarriesthestampofthatpassingmomentforever.

Forme,thismoment—fouryearsinamomentinhistory一wasthewar.Thewarwasandisrealityforme,Istillinstinctivelyliveandthinkinitsatmosphere.Thesearesomeofitscharacteristics:FranklinDelanoRooseveltisthepresidentoftheUnitedStates,andhealwayshasbeen.TheothertwoeternalworldleadersareWinstonChurchillandJosephStalin.Americaisnot,neverhasbeen,andneverwillbewhatthesongandpoemscallit,alandofplenty.

Nylon,meat,gasoline,andsteelarerare.Therearetoomanyjobsandnotenoughworkers.Moneyisveryeasytoearnbutratherhardtospend,becausethereisn'tverymuchtobuy.Trainsarealwayslateandalwayscrowdedwith“servicemen".ThewarwillalwaysbefoughtveryfarfromAmerica,anditwillneverend.NothinginAmericastandsstillforverylong,includingthepeoplewhoarealwayseitherleavingoronleave.PeopleinAmericacryoften.Sixteenisthekeyandcrucialandnaturalageforahumanbeingtobe,andpeopleofallotheragesarerangedinanorderlymanneraheadofandbehindyouasaharmonioussettingforthesixteen-year-oldsoftheworld.Whenyouaresixteen,adultsareslightlyimpressedandalmostintimidatedbyyou.Thisisapuzzlefinallysolvedbytherealizationthattheyforeseeyourmilitaryfuture:fightingforthem.Youdonotforeseeit.TowasteanythinginAmericaisimmoral.Stringandtinfoilaretreasures,Newspapersarealwayscrowedwithstrangemapsandnamesoftowns,andeveryfewmonthstheearthseemstolurchfromitspathwhenyouseesomethinginthenewspapers,suchasthetimeMussolini,whoalmostseemedoneoftheeternalleaders,isphotographedhangingupsidedownonameathook.

1.Whichstatementbestdepictsthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

2.Theauthorstillclearlyremembersthewarbecause（

）.

3.Whichstatementbestdescribestheauthor'sfeelingsaboutthewar?

4.Theauthorthinksthatadultsareimpressedwithsixteen-year-oldsbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.Realityiswhatyoumakeofit.

B.Timeislikeariver.

C.Emotionsarepowerful.

D.Everypersonhasaspecialmoment.

问题2选项

A.FranklinDelanoRooseveltwasPresident.

B.itwashispersonalrealityandpartofhislife.

C.therewasnotmuchtobuy

D.thewarwouldneverend.

问题3选项

A.Itwaseverrealforhim,yethewasnotactivelyinvolved.

B.Itwasrealforhimbecausehewasasoldieratthattime.

C.Itwasveryunrealtohim.

D.Thewarwasverydisruptivetothepeopleathome.

问题4选项

A.adultswouldliketobeyoung

B.sixteen-year-oldsdonotwastethings

C.sixteen-year-oldsreadnewspapers

D.theywillbefightingsoonforadults.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由第一段第一句“Everyonehasamomentinhistory,whichbelongsparticularlytohim.每个人都有属于自己的历史时刻。”后文提到了一场战争，因为在该战争中有属于作者的历史时刻。答案D

第2题:细节事实题。由第二段“Forme,thismoment—fouryearsinamomentinhistory—wasthewar.Thewarwasandisrealityforme,Istillinstinctivelyliveandthinkinitsatmosphere.对我来说，四年的历史时刻是战争。对我来说，战争过去和现在都是现实，我仍然本能地在战争的氛围中生活和思考。”可知B项“战争对作者来说是个人经历也是生活的一部分”正确，答案B。

第3题:判断推理题。根据第二段第二句“Thewarwasandisrealityforme,Istillinstinctivelyliveandthinkinitsatmosphere.对于我来说，战争过去和现在都是真实的，我仍然本能地想起和生活在那种环境里。”A项“战争对于作者来说是真实的，尽管他没有积极投身战争中。”符合题意。答案A

第4题:细节事实题。由第三段“Whenyouaresixteen,adultsareslightlyimpressedandalmostintimidatedbyyou.Thisisapuzzlefinallysolvedbytherealizationthattheyforeseeyourmilitaryfuture:fightingforthem.当你16岁时，成年人会对你有轻微的印象，甚至会被你吓倒。他们预见到你们的军事未来，最终解决了这个难题：为他们而战。”可知成年人对16岁的孩子有印象是因为他们期待16岁的人能够为他们而战。故D项正确。答案D

6.单选题

Awell-establisheddistinctioninmemorytheoryisthatbetweenshort-termandlong-termmemory.Theformerreferstoourabilitytodosuchthingsasremembertelephonenumberslongenoughtodialthem,thelatter-concernsthewiderangeofwaysinwhichexperiencecanaffectbehaviormanyyearslater.Giventhetwodifferentkindsofability,itisreasonabletohypothesizethateachisrepresenteddifferentlyinthebrain.Anexperimentwasdesignedtotestthehypothesisthatlong-termmemoryimpliesachemicalchangeinthebraincells,whileshort-termmemoryinvolvespatternsofimpulsesinelectricofservecells.

Onegroupofratsweretaughttorunthroughamaze.Fiveminutesafterlearningthetask,theywerecooledto5°C,thetemperatureatwhichallelectricalactivityinthebrainceased.Theyweretenkeptatthistemperaturefor15minutesbeforebeingallowedtotheirnormaltemperature.Theywerethenrunthroughthemaze,again.

Asecondgroupofratsweretaughttorunthesamemaze,andthenimmediatelycooledto5°Cfor15minutes.Alterbeingallowedtoreturntotheirtemperature,anattemptwasmadetorunthesecondgroupthroughthemazeagain.Itwasfoundthatratsinthefirstgrouphadnodifficultywiththemazethesecondtime,suggestingthattheydidnothavetorelearnthetask.Ratsinthesecondgroupwhichwascooledimmediatelyafterlearningthemaze,ontheotherhand,couldnotnegotiatethemazesuccessfully,i.e.,theyapparentlycouldnotrememberwhattheyhadlearned.

Itwasconcludefromthisexperimentthatshort-timememory(inrats,atleast)isunlikelong-termmemory.Short-termmemoryinvolveselectricalimpulsessinceatatemperaturewhereelectricalactivityceases,thereisnomemory.Long-termmemory,incontrast,isunaffectedbythedisruptionofelectricalactivityandmayinvolvestructuralchangesinbraincells.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Rememberingaddressbelongsto（

）.

3.Theexperimentsoftwogroups（

）.

4.Ifratscooledto5℃for15minutesimmediately,whatwillhappenafterbeingallowedtoreturntotheirnormaltemperature?

5.Electricalimpulsesaffect（

）.

问题1选项

A.Thedifferencebetweenshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory.

B.Theexperimentoftwogroupsofrats.

C.Thetemperatureforratstolosetheirmemory.

D.Theimportanceofmemory.

问题2选项

A.short-termmemory

B.long-termmemory

C.bothAandB

D.neitherAorB

问题3选项

A.temperatureaffectsrats’memory

B.therelationshipbetweentemperatureandmemoryisveryclear

C.thereisdistinctionbetweenshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory

D.ratscanrelearnthetaskafterforgettingit

问题4选项

A.Theyhavenodifficultincrossingthesamemaze.

B.Theylosetheirwayinthemaze..

C.Theycanrememberthewaycorrectly.

D.Theygothroughthemazeafterseveraltrying.

问题5选项

A.long-termmemory

B.short-termmemory

C.structuralchanges

D.braincells

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章主要介绍了关于短期记忆和长期记忆的区别的科学假设，选项A符合题意。

2.文章第一段指出记电话号码是短期记忆，所以记地址也是短期记忆，选项A符合题意。

3.文章最后一段第一句话itwasconcludefromthisexperimentthatshort-timememory(inrats,atleast)isunlikelong-termmemory明确提出实验证明了短期记忆与长期记忆是不同的。选项C符合题意。

4.文章第三段提到第二组老鼠的体温被立即降到5摄氏度，结果是它们没有成功走过迷宫。选项B符合题意。

5.文章最后一段Short-termmemoryinvolveselectricalimpulsessinceatatemperaturewhereelectricalactivityceases,thereisnomemory提到短跑受电流脉冲的影响，所以选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Johnplayedbasketballincollegeand（）activeeversince.

问题1选项

A.haveextremelybeen

B.hasbeenextremely

C.willbeextremely

D.shouldextremelybe

【答案】B

【解析】根据"eversince"可知本句应用现在完成时，表示过去的影响一直持续到现在。所以选项B正确。

8.单选题

In1871theParisCommunewhich,asmentioned,wasthefirstsocialistrevolution,wasalsothelastonetotakeplaceinacountrythatwaspartofthecapitalistcenter.Thetwentiethcenturyinauguratedwiththe“awakeningofthepeoplesoftheperipheriesanewchapterinhistory.ItsfirstmanifestationsweretherevolutionsinIran(1907),inMexico(1910-1920),China(1911)and“semi-peripheral”Russiain1905.ThisawakeningofthepeoplesandnationsoftheperipherywascarriedforwardintheRevolutionof1917,theArabo-MuslimNahda,theconstitutionoftheYoungTurkmovement(1908),theEgyptianRevolutionof1919,andtheformationoftheIndianCongress(1885).

Inreactiontothefirstlongcrisisofhistoricalcapitalism(1875-1950),thepeoplesoftheperipherybegantoliberatethemselvesaround1914-1917,mobilizingthemselvesundertheflagsofsocialism(Russia,China,Vietnam,Cuba)orofnationalliberation(India,Algeria)associatedtodifferentdegreeswithprogressivesocialreforms.Theytookthepathtoindustrialization,hithertoforbiddenbythedominationoftheoldimperialism,forcingthelatterto"adjust"tothisfirstwaveofindependentinitiativesofthepeoples,nations,andstatesoftheperipheries.From1917tothetimewhenthe"Bandungproject"(1955-1980)ranoutofsteamandSovietismcollapsedin1990,theseweretheinitiativesthatdominatedthescene.

IdonotseethetwolongcrisesofagingmonopolycapitalismintermsoflongKondratieffcycles,butastwostagesinboththedeclineofhistoricalglobalizedcapitalismandthepossibletransitiontosocialism.NordoIseethe1914-1945periodexclusivelyas"the30years"warforthesuccessionto“Britishhegemony.”1seethisperiodalsoasthelongwarconductedbytheimperialistcentersagainstthefirstawakeningoftheperipheries(EastandSouth).

Thisfirstwaveoftheawakeningofthepeoplesoftheperipheryworeoutformanyreasons,includingitsowninternallimitationsandcontradictions,andimperialism’ssuccessinfindingnewwaysofdominatingtheworldsystem(throughthecontroloftechnologicalinvention,accesstoresources,theglobalizedfinancialsystem,communicationandinformationtechno