考研考博-英语-宜宾学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2_第1页
考研考博-英语-宜宾学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2_第2页
考研考博-英语-宜宾学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2_第3页
考研考博-英语-宜宾学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2_第4页
考研考博-英语-宜宾学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩177页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宜宾学院押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

问题1选项

A.cereal

B.serial

C.series

D.serious

【答案】D

【解析】形近词词义辨析。句意:我们正生活在一个很大的化学实验中,科学家发现一些严重的后果正变得越来越明显。选项D符合句意。

2.翻译题

Apartfromflights,telephonesandtelevision,oneofthemostsignificantwaysinwhichlifeinthetwentiethcenturydiffersfromantiquityisthepervasivepresenceofclocks.OurlivesarescheduledaroundspecifictimesandintervalsinafashionthatwouldhavebeenimpossibleinancientRome.

Whenandhowdidthisprofoundchangecomeabout?Didmonasteriesacquirethefirstclocksandthen,inleaguewithanemergingmerchantclass,enforcetheirownrigidtimestandardsonthesurroundingpopulace?Thisview—theacceptedinterpretationforatleast50year—iscarefullydissectedandchallengedinDohrn-vanRossum’srevisionistaccount.

【答案】除了飞机、电话和电视之外,二十世纪的生活与古代最重要的不同之处之一就是时钟的普遍使用。我们习惯于将生活细分到具体的时间点和事件单,这在古罗马是不可能出现的。

这种深刻的变化是何时以及如何发生的?是修道院在获得了第一个时钟之后,联合新兴的商人阶级把他们严格的时间观念强加给普通大众的吗?在至少50年的时间里,这种观点被大众所认可并受到了Dohrn-vanRossum的修正主义的仔细分析和挑战。

3.单选题

(),HarryS.Trumanwasournation’sthirty-thirdPresident.

问题1选项

A.HewasbornandraisedinMissouri

B.BornandraisedinMissouri

C.BecausehewasbornandraisedinMissouri

D.ThathewasbornandraisedinMissouri

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项“HewasbornandraisedinMissouri”,He应该指代前面的内容,不符合句意,可排除;B选项“BornandraisedinMissouri”(在密苏里出生并长大)符合句型结构,B选项正确。C、D选项跟A选项同理,可排除。因此答案为B选项。

4.单选题

Youcouldbe(

)manydangersbytravelingaloneinthatarea.

问题1选项

A.subjectto

B.immuneto

C.sensitiveto

D.resistantto

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。besubjectto“受支配,从属于,常遭受……”;beimmuneto“对……有免疫力”;besensitiveto“对……感到敏感;灵敏”;beresistantto“抵抗……的,对……有反抗作用的”。句意:你一个人去那个地方旅游将面临很多危险。选项A符合题意。

5.填空题

I’msurprisedthatshehasagreedtomarryJohn.Iknewthathe(1)goingtopropose,butI(2)hertosayno.I(3)whatledhertoaccepthisoffer.She’scertainlynotinlovewithhim!

【答案】1.was

2.considered

3.wonder

【解析】1.固定搭配。begoingtodo打算做…,前面的谓语动词knew用的过去式,因此这里也用过去式was。

2.固定搭配。

considersb.todosth.认为某人会…。

3.语义题。句意:我在想是什么让她决定接受他的求婚的。

6.翻译题

RawmaterialsandpartiallyfinishedgoodsaresenttospecialborderzonefactoriesinsideMexicowhereadditionalassemblyworkiscompletedonthegoods,whicharethentransferredbacktotheUnitedStates.Alldutiesarewaivedbybothgovernments,exceptonthevalueaddedbytheadditionalmanufacturingprocessestakingplaceinMexico.Obviously,themostdesirablebarterwouldbeforgoodsthefirmwouldotherwisehavetopurchaseontheopenmarket.Secondmostdesirablewouldbegoodsthattheglobalsourcingmanagerseesareadymarketforwherehardcurrencycanbeearnedfromtheirsale.

【答案】

原材料和半成品被送往墨西哥境内的边境特区工厂,在那里完成货物的附加组装工作,然后再被转回美国。除了在墨西哥进行的额外生产过程所增加的价值外,两国政府对其他部分都放弃关税。显然,最理想的易货交易对象是公司在自由市场上必须购买的商品。第二可取的是那些商品:全球采购经理看到了一个现成的市场,可以从该商品的销售中获得硬通货。

7.单选题

Thestructureoftheglobaleconomy()thatdevelopingnationsputalltheireffortsintoraisingcash—usuallybyexportingwhatevervirginresourcestheindustrialworldmightdesire.

问题1选项

A.dictates

B.regulates

C.allows

D.appeals

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。dictate“命令;要求”;regulate“调节”;allow“允许”;appeal“呼吁;上诉”;句意:全球经济的结构……发展中国家把所有的努力都投入到筹集资金上——通常是通过出口工业世界可能需要的任何原始资源。与“thestructureoftheglobaleconomy”搭配的只能是dictate,表示“全球经济要求”因此A选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Doyousendandreceivemorephonecallsore-mails?Ifyouranswerise-mail,oryouwishitwere,thenanewbreedoftelecommunicationsdevicescalledane-mailphoneorInternetphonemaysoonfinditswayintoyourkitchenorlivingroom.Essentially,ane-mailphone,ore-phoneforshort,isthemergeroftelephoneandcomputer.Withmostofthesenewscreenphones,thatmeans,beingabletoreadandreplytoelectronicmaildirectlyfromthephone,withoutstartingup(orevenowning)aPC.Withsome,italsomeansbeingabletosearchthroughtheWebtomakevacationplansorresearchhomeworkassignmentsthoughatslowspeedsandonarathersmallscreen.Andyoucanstillmakephonecalls,too.

Nocomputerexperienceisrequiredtouseane-phone.MostletyousignupwithInternetserviceprovider(ISP),whichtypicallychargesabout$20permonth.Onceyou’repastthistediousworkandentertheaccountinformationintothephone,youcancheckyoure-mailsfromeitheryourcomputerorphone.

Toassessyoure-mailaccountfromoneofthesephones,youtypicallyhavetoselecte-mailservicefromamenu.Phoneswithtouchscreenshaveaniconforthatontheopeningscreen.Forotherphones,youpressoneofthebuttonsliningthebottomorsidesofthedisplay,muchaswithanATMmachine.ThephonethencallsyourISP.WhentheISPpicksup,thephoneautomaticallytransfersyouraccountnameandpassword.Onceaccepted,theISPwillstartsendingthephoneyourmessages.Bytouchingtheitemyouwanttoreadorhittingabuttonnexttoit,themessagewillbedisplayed.Onceyou’vereadit,youcanreplytothemessage,moveontothenextone,or,withmostphones,deletethemessagefromyouraccount.Youcancheckyoure-mailmanually,butmoste-phonescanalsobesettocheckseveraltimesadayautomatically.Inautomaticmode,thephoneflashestotellyoumailiswaiting.Ifyouhappentobeusingthephonewhenitisscheduledtocheckfore-mail,thephonewillautomaticallytryagainwhenthelineisfree.

Oneseriousdrawbacktoe-mailbyphoneisthatitcannotreceive(orsend)attachedfiles,whethertheycontaindocumentsorgraphics.Somephoneswillattempttodisplaysimpletextfilesaspartofthemessage,butothertypesoffileswillappearasgibberish,ornotatall.Ifyouusethee-mailaccountonaPCanddon’tdeletethemessage,however,youcanusuallyretrievethemessageandfileonyourcomputer.

1.Ane-mailphoneisanimproveddeviceoftelecommunicationinthat____.

2.Comparedwithatraditionaltelephone,ane-mailphoneprobably____.

3.Whenane-mailphoneisbeingusedtomakephonecalls,it____.

4.Onefundamentalflawofe-mailphonesisthatpeoplecannotuseitto____.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethate-mailsphonesaredesignedto____.

问题1选项

A.itcanrecordamessageintheformofe-mails

B.itcanbeusedtoreceiveandsende-mails

C.itcanbeconnectedwithcomputers

D.itcanbeusedtovisitwebsites

问题2选项

A.hasacoloredscreen

B.hasalargersize

C.hassimilarkeyarrangement

D.doesnothaveareceiver

问题3选项

A.cannotreceivenewmessages

B.sendoutasignalofnewmessages

C.cannotdisplaye-mailmessages

D.automaticallychecksnewmessages

问题4选项

A.receiveorsende-mailswithattachedfiles

B.receiveattachedfileswithdocuments

C.readattachedfileswithgraphics

D.readonlymessagesintheformofsimpletext

问题5选项

A.maketransmissionofe-mailmessagesfaster

B.makecommunicationthroughe-mailscheaper

C.makecommunicationthroughe-mailseasier

D.makecommunicationthroughe-mailsmorepopular

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Ane-mailphoneisanimproveddeviceoftelecommunicationinthat____.电子邮件电话是一种改进的通讯设备,因为____。

A.itcanrecordamessageintheformofe-mailsA.它能以电子邮件的形式记录信息

B.itcanbeusedtoreceiveandsende-mailsB.它能用来接收和发送电子邮件

C.itcanbeconnectedwithcomputersC.它能用来连接电脑

D.itcanbeusedtovisitwebsitesD.它能用来访问网页

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词animproveddeviceoftelecommunication定位到原文第一段。本段第四句提到“对于大多数新型触屏手机来说,这意味着可以直接从手机上阅读和回复电子邮件(readandreplytoelectronicmail)”,由此可知,电子邮件电话可以直接阅读(接收)和回复(发送)邮件,B选项“它能用来接收和发送电子邮件”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“它能以电子邮件的形式记录信息”,原文是说可以收发电子邮件,而不是以电子邮件的形式记录信息,该选项属于偷换概念;

C选项“它能用来连接电脑”,原文第一段第三句提到“电子邮件手机是电话和电脑的结合体(themergeroftelephoneandcomputer)”,由此可知,原文不是说这款手机可以连接电脑,该选项属于曲解原文;

D选项“它能用来访问网站”,首先,原文第一段倒数第二句只提到“一些电子邮件手机可以通过网络制定假期计划或查看家庭作业”,并不清楚是否能够访问所有网站;另外,能够访问网页并不是它能够作为一种改进的通讯工具的原因。因此,该选项不符合题意,属于过度推理。

第2题:【选项释义】

Comparedwithatraditionaltelephone,ane-mailphoneprobably____.与传统的电话相比,电子邮件电话可能____。

A.hasacoloredscreenA.有彩色屏幕

B.hasalargersizeB.尺寸更大

C.hassimilarkeyarrangementC.有相似的键盘配置

D.doesnothaveareceiverD.没有接收器

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Comparedwithatraditionaltelephone可知,本题要求选择的是电子邮件手机与传统的手机之间的区别。原文第一段第四句提到“大多数新型屏幕手机(mostofthesenewscreenphones)”由此可知,屏幕是电子邮件手机的一个创新点;由上一题可知,电子邮件手机最大的特点是可以阅读和回复邮件,由此推断,电子邮件手机的屏幕比传统的手机更大,这样才方便阅读和回复邮件。综上所述,B选项“尺寸更大”符合原文推测。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“有彩色屏幕”,原文虽然提到了手机屏幕,但是“彩色”这一信息无法从原文已有信息推断出来,该选项属于过度推理;

C选项“有相似的键盘配置”,原文没有提到键盘的问题,我们无从得知有关信息,该选项属于无中生有;

D选项“没有接收器”,电子邮件手机可以接受电子邮件,所以肯定是有接收器的,该选项与原文矛盾,属于反向干扰。

第3题:【选项释义】

Whenane-mailphoneisbeingusedtomakephonecalls,it____.当电子邮件手机正用于打电话时,它____。

A.cannotreceivenewmessagesA.不能接收新信息

B.sendoutasignalofnewmessagesB.发送一个新信息的信号

C.cannotdisplaye-mailmessagesC.不能展示邮件信息

D.automaticallychecksnewmessagesD.自动检查新信息

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词beingused定位到原文第三段最后两句。这两句提到“在自动模式下,手机会闪烁提醒你有新邮件。如果你恰好在预定检查电子邮件(scheduledtocheckfore-mail)的时候使用手机(happentobeusing),当线路空闲时(whenthelineisfree),手机会自动再试一次(automaticallytryagain)。”由此可知,当手机正用于打电话时,它不能自动检查新的电子邮件,因此,A选项“不能接收新信息”,符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“发送一个新信息的信号”,当手机线路被占用时,它无法检查新邮件,也不会发送新信息提醒,该选项与原文矛盾,属于反向干扰;

C选项“不能展示邮件信息”,原文说的是线路被占用,无法接收到新信息,并没有说能否展示,该选项属于无中生有;

D选项“自动检查新信息”,与原文不能自动检查新电子邮件表述矛盾,该选项属于反向干扰。

第4题:【选项释义】

Onefundamentalflawofe-mailphonesisthatpeoplecannotuseitto____.电子邮件手机的一个根本缺陷是人们不能用它来____。

A.receiveorsende-mailswithattachedfilesA.接收和发送带附件的邮件

B.receiveattachedfileswithdocumentsB.接收带有文档的附件

C.readattachedfileswithgraphicsC.阅读带有图表的附件

D.readonlymessagesintheformofsimpletextD.只阅读简单形式的文本

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词fundamentalflaw定位到原文最后一段。本段第一句提到“通过电话发送电子邮件的一个严重缺点是它不能接收(或发送)附加文件(cannotreceive(orsend)attachedfiles),无论它们是包含文档还是图形。”本段第二句提到“一些手机会尝试把简单的文本文件作为信息的一部分显示(displaysimpletextfilesaspartofthemessage),但其他类型的文件将显示为乱码,或根本不显示。”综上所述,所有的电子邮件手机都不能显示除了简单文本以外的其他形式的附件,包括图表。因此,C选项“阅读带有图表的附件”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“接收和发送带附件的邮件”,原文说的是不能接收和发送附件,而不是选项所表述的不能接收带附件的邮件,带附件的邮件可以接收,只是不能查看附件内容,该选项属于曲解原文;

B选项“接收文件附件”,原文提到有一些手机在尝试把简单的文本文件作为信息的一部分显示,因此,有一些手机还是可以显示文档附件的,该选项属于曲解原文;

D选项“只阅读简单形式的文本”,由原文可知,有些手机是阅读简单形式的文本的,题干中写的是“不能做什么”,该选项不符合题意,与原文矛盾,属于反向干扰。

第5题:【选项释义】

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethate-mailsphonesaredesignedto____.从文章中可以推断出,电子邮件手机是为____而设计的。

A.maketransmissionofe-mailmessagesfasterA.使电子邮件信息的传输更快

B.makecommunicationthroughe-mailscheaperB.使通过电子邮件交流更便宜

C.makecommunicationthroughe-mailseasierC.使通过电子邮件交流更简单

D.makecommunicationthroughe-mailsmorepopularD.使通过电子邮件交流更受欢迎

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】本题询问的是电子邮件手机的设计目的。原文第一段第四句提到了电子邮件手机的主要功能,即“直接从手机上(directlyfromthephone)阅读和回复电子邮件,而不需要(without)启动(甚至不需要拥有)个人电脑。”由此可知,电子邮件手机主要是使接收和回复电子邮件更简单了,只需要一个手机就可以,因此,C选项“使通过电子邮件交流更简单”更符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“使电子邮件信息的传输更快”,原文不涉及传输速度比较,该选项属于无中生有;

B选项“使通过电子邮件交流更便宜”,原文不涉及价格比较,该选项属于无中生有;

D选项“使通过电子邮件交流更受欢迎”,原文不涉及通过电子邮件交流是否受欢迎,该选项属于无中生有。

9.单选题

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointsofhisfascinatingcrusade―toabolishtelevision.HisbookFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisanAmericancultbestseller,andaftereighteditionsitisstillgeneratingconcernandsavagedebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawarehowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertising.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitasadeep,profoundanddisturbingactbythefewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave.Picturesformedby300,000tinydancingdotsaltering30timespersecond,bombardtheireyesaspeoplescantheimages10timesasecond.Thebrainregistersandstoresall30images,buttheconsciousmindregistersfarfewer.But,arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate,thecrucialmessageshavegonehome.

HefurtherarguesthatTVisdeadeningexperienceasitisrestrictedtojusttwosenses—sightandsound.“Perceptionisdulledandflattered”,saysMander,“whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.”Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingaflickeringscreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.Nocultureinhistoryhasspentsuchanenormousamountoftimelookingatartificiallight,saysMander,andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment.Researchersdonotknowiflife-longTVexposureisaphysicalriskornot,butasManderwouldargue,whyruntherisk?Itisimportantthatpeoplegetupnowandswitchoffbeforetheharmisdone,theymightalsobecomebrainwashed,orwhoknow,theymightevenbeapproachingdeath.

1.FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisabookwhich().

2.JerryManderobjectstoTVadvertisingmainlybecause().

3.Manderthinkspeople’sfeelingsandbehaviourarechangingbecause().

4.BywatchingTVforseveralhourseverynight,Manderimpliesthat().

5.MandersuggeststhatviewingTVoverlongperiodsoftime().

问题1选项

A.causeddistresstomanyAmericans

B.achievedgreatsuccessoverseas

C.arousednation-wideinterest

D.expressedtheviewsofafascinatingman

问题2选项

A.theunderlyingprinciplesconcernmoney-making

B.itisineffectualingettingitsmessageacross

C.afewpeoplearedeeplydisturbedbyit

D.thevaluesitconveysareacceptedbyall

问题3选项

A.thebrainisdamagedbytoomuchsittingbeforethetelevision

B.theconsciousmindisincapableoffilteringimagestothebrain

C.theireyesscanaTVscreen10timesasecond

D.theconsciousmindisunabletorejecttheimageitsees

问题4选项

A.peoplewouldlosetheuseoftheirothersenses

B.people’sexperienceoflifewouldbecomedeadened

C.people’sabilitytorespondtoeventswouldlessen

D.peoplewouldcometodependononlytwosenses

问题5选项

A.couldleadtodeath

B.mightcausebraindamage

C.couldendangerpeople’shealth

D.wouldmakecellsmalignant

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段,“HisbookFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisanAmericancultbestseller,andaftereighteditionsitisstillgeneratingconcernandsavagedebateintheUSA.”,可知《消除电视的四个理由》是美国的狂热畅销书,经过八个版本之后,仍在美国引起关注和激烈的辩论。可判断出这本书引起了全国的兴趣。选项C符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第二段,“Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitasadeep,profoundanddisturbingactbythefewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.”,可知他认为,广告是为了利益而植入价值观,是少数人为了一个不重要的目的对多数人采取的一种深刻而烦扰的行为。可判断出JerryMander反对电视广告主要是因为其基本原则与利益相关。选项A符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第二段,“…arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate,thecrucialmessageshavegonehome.”,可知曼德认为,即使你有意识地拒绝或怀疑你所看到的一切,也为时已晚,关键的信息已经传达到家了。可判断出曼德认为人们的情感和行为正在发生变化的原因在于有意识的大脑无法过滤传递到大脑的信息,人们已经潜意识里受到了影响。选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第三段,“Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingaflickeringscreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.”,可知人们只是被动地坐着,每晚看四个小时闪烁的屏幕,听虚拟的声音。可推断出曼德认为,每晚看几个小时的电视会使人们变得被动,反应能力会减弱。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段,“saysMander,andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,”,可知曼德认为,另一个令人担忧的事实是,长时间暴露在人造光下会改变人类细胞。可判断出长时间看电视对人体健康有害。选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Myshoulderhurt()eachtimeIputanotherfullbarrelonit,andmylegsoccasionallytrembledasIwasheadingtothestreet.

问题1选项

A.wickedly

B.typically

C.ultimately

D.vainly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。wickedly“恶劣地,居心叵测的”;typically“代表性地,作为特色地”;ultimately“最后,根本”;vainly“徒劳地,无益地”。句意:每次我把装满东西的桶放我肩上时,我的肩膀就疼得厉害,当我走向街头时,我的腿也是不是打颤。能修饰hurt的只有wickedly。故A项正确。

11.单选题

Inthelastcentury,newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However,onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia,thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhistculturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan,howeverwasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread,andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then,in1972,anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodem,butwithoutlosingitstraditions.

KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNationalProduct(GNP).TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases,peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry’sprogressbypeople’shappiness.Ifthepeople’shappinessincreased,thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier,hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness(GNH).

GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare,education,andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy,protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally,peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood,stablegovernment.

NowthereissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Twenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks,andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2008,KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking,ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally,Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandinternet.

Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople,cultures,andland.

BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil,perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.

1.WhowasJigmeSingyeWangchuck?

2.ApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutan?

3.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPby(

).

4.AccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappierifthey(

).

5.Today,manycountriesare(

).

问题1选项

A.Apresident.

B.ABuddhistpriest.

C.Ageneral

D.Aking

问题2选项

A.Tomakeitspopulationgrow.

B.Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld.

C.Toencourageitspeopletogetrich.

D.Tokeepitstraditionandcustoms

问题3选项

A.sellingmoreproducts

B.spendingmoremoney

C.spendinglessmoney

D.providingmorejobs

问题4选项

A.havenewtechnology

B.canchangetheirreligion

C.haveagood,stablegovernment

D.havemoremoney

问题5选项

A.usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirprogress

B.workingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasureGNH

C.talkingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialprogress

D.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问‘吉格梅•辛格•旺楚克是谁?’。根据文章第一段中最后一句“anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutan—位名叫JigmeSingyeWangchuck国王的新的统治者决定帮助不丹王国”,所以D选项‘国王’正确

2.细节事实题。题干询问‘除了使不丹现代化,旺楚克还想为不丹做些什么?’。根据文章第一段中最后一句“anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodem,butwithoutlosingitstraditions.一位名叫吉格梅•辛格•旺楚克的新统治者决定帮助不丹成为现代化国家,但同时又不丧失其传统。”确定D选项‘保持其传统和习俗’正确。

3.细节事实题。题干询问‘一个国家通过国民生产总值来显示它的进步通过……’。根据第二段第四句“Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases,peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.当产品销量增加时,人们说这个国家正在取得进步。”确定A选项‘销售更多的产品’正确。

4.细节事实题。题干询问‘根据GNH,如果人们……,他们会更快乐’。在文章第三段,列举了衡量GNH的多个标准。只有C选项‘拥有一个良好、稳定的政府’符合该段中的最后一句“peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood,stablegovernment.当人们拥有一个良好、稳定的政府时,他们会更快乐。”所以C选项正确。

5.细节事实题。题干询问‘如今,许多国家都…’。根据文章倒数第二段中的第二句和第三句“ManycountriesarcnowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.许多国家现在对不丹的GNH感兴趣。这些国家正在研究自己衡量幸福的方法。”确定D选项‘试图找到自己衡量幸福的方法’正确。

12.单选题

Tomwarnedhisfriendthathewould()thelawifhestole.

问题1选项

A.abideby

B.fallafoulof

C.doawaywith

D.laydown

【答案】B

【解析】词组辨析题。abideby遵守;fellafoulof与...相抵触、冒犯;doawaywith废除;laydown制定、放下。句意:Tom警告他的朋友,如果偷窃,他将触犯法律。选项B符合句意。

13.单选题

Scientistshavelongarguedwhetherhypocrisyisdrivenbyemotionorbyreason.Inothermoraljudgments,brainimagingshows,regionsinvolvedinfeeling,notthinking,ruletheroleofemotioninmoraljudgmentshasoverturnedtheEnlightenmentnotionthatourethicalsenseisbasedonhigh-mindedphilosophyandcognition.Thatbringsustohypocrisy,whichisalmostridiculouslyeasytobringoutinpeople.

Inanewstudy,psychologistDavidDeStenoinstructed94peopletoassignthemselvesandstrangeroneoftwotasks:aneasyoneorahardone.Theneveryonewasasked,howfairlydidyouactfrom“extremelyunfairly”(1)to“extremelyfairly”(7).Nexttheywatchedsomeoneelsemaketheassignments,andjudgedthatperson'sethics.Selflessnesswasavirtualno-show:87outof94peopleoptedfortheeasytaskandgavethenextguythedifficultone.Hypocrisy,however,showedupwithbellson:everysinglepersonwhomadetheselfishchoicejudgedhisownbehaviorlessstrictly—onaverage,4.5vs.3.1—thanthatofsomeoneelsewhograbbedtheeasytaskforhimself.

Thegapsuggestshowhypocrisyispossible.Whenwejudgeourownmisbehaviorslessharshly,DeStenosaid,itmaybebecause“wehavethisautomatic,gut-level(本能)instincttopreserveourself-image.Inourheart,maybewe'rejustnotassensitivetoourownimmoralbehaviors.Peoplehavelearnedthatitpaystoseemmoral,sinceitletsyouavoidcriticismandguilt.Butevenbetterisappearingmoralwithouthavingtopaythecostofactuallybeingmoral—suchasassigningyourselfthetoughjob.”

Totesttheroleofcognitioninhypocrisy,DeStenohadvolunteersagainassignthemselvesaneasytaskandastrangeradifficultone.Butbeforejudgingthefairnessoftheiractions,theyhadtomemorizesevennumbers.Thistactickeepsthebrain’sthinkingregionstootieduptothinkmuchaboutanythingelse,anditworked:hypocrisyvanished.Peoplejudgedtheirown(selfish)behaviorasharshlyastheydidothers’,strongevidencethatmoralhypocrisyrequiresahigh-ordercognitiveprocess.Whenthethinkingpartofthebrainisotherwiseengaged,we’releftwithgut-levelreactions,andweintuitivelyandequallycondemnbadbehaviorbyourselvesaswellasothers.

Ifourgutknowswhenwehaveerredandjudgesourmisbehaviorsharshly,moralhypocrisymightnotbeasinevitableasifitwerethechildofemotionsandinstincts,whicharetoughertochangethanthinking.“Sinceit’sacognitiveprocess,wehavevolitional(意志的)controloverit,arguesDeSteno.Thewaytochangeheartsandmindsistofocusontheformer:appealtoourbetterangelsinthebrain’semotionareas,andtellcircuitsthataregoingthroughcognitivedistortionstoexcuseinourselveswhatwecondemninotherstojustshutup.

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,brainimagingisproofof(

).

2.Theconclusiondrawnfromthefirstexperimentisthatpeople

).

3.DeStenoattributesthesubjects’behaviorstothefactthatthey/

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论