新标准大学英语综合教程3课文翻译和课后习题答案 Unit 3课件

UNIT3ARTFORART’SSAKEHowWeListen

1Wealllistentomusicaccordingtoourseparatecapacities.But,forthesakeofanalysis,thewholelisteningprocessmaybecomeclearerifwebreakitupintoitscomponentparts,sotospeak.Inacertainsensewealllistentomusiconthreeseparateplanes.Forlackofabetterterminology,onemightnamethese:(1)thesensuousplane,(2)theexpressiveplane,(3)thesheerlymusicalplane.Theonlyadvantagetobegainedfrommechanically

splittingupthelisteningprocessintothesehypotheticalplanesistheclearerviewtobehadofthewayinwhichwelisten.Text2Thesimplestwayoflisteningtomusicistolistenforthesheerpleasureofthemusicalsounditself.Thatisthesensuousplane.Itistheplaneonwhichwehearmusicwithoutthinking,withoutconsideringitinanyway.Oneturnsontheradiowhiledoingsomethingelseandabsent-mindedlybathesinthesound.Akindofbrainlessbutattractivestateofmindisengenderedbythemeresoundappealofthemusic.Text4Yes,thesoundappealofmusicisapotentandprimitiveforce,butyoumustnotallowittousurpadisproportionateshareofyourinterest.Thesensuousplaneisanimportantoneinmusic,averyimportantone,butitdoesnotconstitutethewholestory.

5ThesecondplaneonwhichmusicexistsiswhatIhavecalledtheexpressiveone.Here,immediately,wetreadoncontroversialground.Composershaveawayofshyingawayfromanydiscussionofmusic'sexpressiveside.TextDidnotStravinskyhimselfproclaim

thathismusicwasan"object",a"thing",withalife

ofitsown,andwithnoothermeaningthanitsownpurelymusicalexistence?ThisintransigentattitudeofStravinsky'smaybeduetothefactthatsomanypeoplehavetriedtoreaddifferentmeaningsintosomanypieces.Heavenknowsitisdifficultenoughtosaypreciselywhatitisthatapieceofmusicmeans,tosayitdefinitely,tosayitfinallysothateveryoneissatisfiedwithyourexplanation.Butthatshouldnotleadonetotheotherextremeofdenyingtomusictherighttobe"expressive".Text6

Listen,ifyoucan,tothe48fuguethemesofBach'sWell-TemperedClavichord.Listentoeachtheme,oneafteranother.Youwillsoonrealizethateachthememirrorsadifferentworldoffeeling.Youwillalsosoonrealizethatthemorebeautifulathemeseemstoyoutheharderitistofindanywordthatwilldescribeittoyourcompletesatisfaction.TextYes,youwillcertainlyknowwhetheritisagaythemeorasadone.Youwillbeable,inotherwords,inyourownmind,todrawaframeofemotionalfeelingaroundyourtheme.Nowstudythesadonealittlecloser.Trytopindowntheexactqualityofitssadness.Isitpessimisticallysadorresignedlysad;isitfatefullysadorsmilinglysad?Text8Thethirdplaneonwhichmusicexistsisthesheerlymusicalplane.Besidesthepleasurablesoundofmusicandtheexpressivefeelingthatitgivesoff,musicdoesexistintermsofthenotesthemselvesandoftheirmanipulation.Mostlistenersarenotsufficiently

consciousofthisthirdplane.Text10LetmerepeatthatIhavesplitupmechanicallythethreeseparateplanesonwhichwelistenmerelyforthesakeofgreaterclarity.Actually,weneverlistenononeortheotheroftheseplanes.Whatwedoistocorrelatethem–listeninginallthreewaysatthesametime.Ittakesnomentaleffort,forwedoitinstinctively.Text12Theexpressiveplaneinthetheaterwouldbederivedfromthefeelingthatyougetfromwhatishappeningonthestage.Youaremovedtopity,excitement,orgaiety.Itisthisgeneralfeeling,generatedasidefromtheparticularwordsbeingspoken,acertainemotionalsomethingwhichexistsonthestage,thatisanalogoustotheexpressivequalityinmusic.Text13Theplotandplotdevelopmentisequivalenttooursheerlymusicalplane.Theplaywrightcreatesanddevelopsacharacterinjustthesamewaythatacomposercreatesanddevelopsatheme.Accordingtothedegreeofyourawarenessofthewayinwhichtheartistineitherfieldhandleshismaterialwillyoubecomeamoreintelligentlistener.Text14Itiseasyenoughtoseethatthetheatergoerneverisconsciousofanyoftheseelementsseparately.Heisawareofthemallatthesametime.Thesameistrueofmusiclistening.Wesimultaneouslyandwithoutthinkinglistenonallthreeplanes.Text我们是怎样听音乐的1

我们都按照各自不同的能力来听音乐。但为了便于分析，如果把听的整个过程分成几个组成部分，那么这个过程会更清晰一些。从某种意义上来说，我们听音乐有三个不同的层次。由于缺乏更好的术语，我们姑且把它们命名为：（1）感官层次；（2）表现层次；（3）纯音乐层次。把听的过程机械地分割为以上三个假想的层次，唯一的好处是让我们更清楚地了解自己是怎样听音乐的。Text2听音乐最简单的方式是为了去获取乐声带来的纯粹的愉悦感，这是音乐的感官层次。在这个层次上，我们只是听音乐，不做任何思考。我们打开收音机，一边做着其他的事情，一边心不在焉地沉浸在音乐中。乐声本身的魅力带我们进入一种无需思考的美妙心境。Text4

的确，乐声的魅力是一种强大而原始的力量，但是你不该让它占据你过多的兴趣空间。感官层次是音乐的一个重要层次，非常重要，但并不是音乐的全部。5

音乐存在的第二个层次就是我所说的表现层次。一提到这个问题，我们马上就进入到一个颇具争议的领域。作曲家总是设法避开有关音乐表现方面的讨论。Text斯特拉温斯基不是曾经声称他的音乐是一个“物体”，是一件有自我生命的“东西”，除了纯音乐性的存在之外没有任何别的含意吗？斯特拉温斯基这种不妥协的态度可能源于这样的一个事实：有那么多的人尝试着从众多的音乐作品中读出完全不同的含意。确实，要准确地说出一部音乐作品的含意已经很难了，要肯定并确定地说出来，还要使每个人对你的解释都感到满意，是难上加难。但我们不该因此走到另一个极端，不能去剥夺音乐“表现”的权利。Text是的，你当然知道那个主题是欢快的还是悲伤的。换句话说，你能够在脑海中勾勒出那个主题的情感框架。那么就更仔细地听一下这个悲伤的主题吧，要明确悲伤的性质。是悲观厌世的悲伤，还是无可奈何的悲伤？是时运不济的悲伤，还是强颜欢笑的悲伤？Text7

假设你很幸运，能用许多词句充分表达你对选中主题的确切理解。但这仍然无法保证其他人对你的理解都感到满意，他们也完全没有必要感到满意。重要的是，每个人能亲自感受某个主题的表现力，或以同样的方式去感受一部完整的音乐作品独特的表现力。如果是一部伟大的音乐作品，就别指望每次去听它都能给你带来相同的感受。Text9

对我们所有人来说，更加充分地认识这个纯音乐层次非常重要。毕竟乐曲使用的是实实在在的音乐材料。聪明的听众一定要做好准备，随时提升自己对音乐材料以及这些材料的使用的理解。他必须要更加有意识地倾听音乐的旋律、节奏、和弦及音色。但最重要的是，为了能够跟上作曲家的思路，他还必须了解一些音乐形式方面的知识。去听所有这些成分就是在纯音乐层次上欣赏音乐。Text10

让我重复一遍，我仅仅是为了讲解得更清楚才把听音乐的三个层次机械地分割开来的。事实上，我们从来都不会只在其中的一个层次上听音乐。我们其实是把它们联系起来，同时在三个层次上听音乐。这并不需要付出多少脑力，因为我们是凭本能这么做的。Text11

也许，用去剧院看戏来作类比，能使这种本能的联系更加明白易懂。在剧院里，你能注意到男女演员、服装和布景、声音和动作。这些东西组合在一起，会让我们觉得剧院是一个令人愉悦的地方，它们构成了我们欣赏戏剧的感官层次。Text13

剧情以及剧情的发展相当于我们所说的纯音乐层次。剧作家塑造和发展戏剧人物的方式，和作曲家创造和发展主题的方式是一样的。你能否成为一个聪明的听众，取决于你对剧作家或音乐家处理艺术材料的手段的了解有多深。Text14

显然，看戏的人从来就不会单独注意到这其中的一个元素。他是同时注意到了一切。听音乐的道理也是一样的，我们同时地、不假思索地在三个层次上倾听音乐。TextWords&Phrasessakeplaneterminologysensuousexpressivesheerlymechanicallyusurp

potentaproposconsolationqualifyqualifiedengenderresignedlypessimisticallysadnessfuguepreciselyintransigentpurelyhypotheticalabsent-mindedlybrainlessproclaimcomposerconstituteworkofart

smilinglyfatefullyWords&PhrasespleasurablesufficientlymelodyrhythmclarityinstinctivelyinstinctivesimultaneouslyseparatelytheatergoerplaywrightgaietytheatricalanalogyanalogouscostumeWords&Phrasessotospeaksplitupshyawayfrompindowngiveoff

derivefromasidefromWords&PhrasesStravinsky

斯特拉温斯基Bach

巴赫Well-TemperedClavichord

《平均律钢琴曲集》saken.[C](usu.sing)(forthe~of/forsb.’s~)1)usedtoindicatesth.thatisdoneasanendinitselfratherthantoachievesomeotherpurpose目的

e.g.

1.Newideasamounttochangeforchange'ssake.新的思想会为变化而变化。2.Ihopeyou’renotdoingthisjustforthesakeofthemoney.我希望你做这件事不光是为了钱。2)thebenefitorregardofsomeoneorsomething利益；好处e.g.Wehopeforhersakethattheweddinggoesasplanned.

看在她的份儿上，我们希望婚礼按计划进行。Words&Phrasesplane

n.[C]alevelofthought,development,orexistence层次；水平e.g.

1.ItwasatUnitedthatGoramwouldreachahigherplaneofachievement.格拉姆在联队里才能达到更高的成就。2.Thetwobooksareoncompletelydifferentintellectualplanes.

这两本书完全在不同的知识层面上。Words&Phrasesterminology

n.[U]thewordsandphrasesusedinaparticularbusiness,science,orprofession术语；专门用语e.g.

1.chemicalterminology

化学术语

2.Idon'tunderstandanyofscientificterminology.我对科学术语一无所知。Words&Phrasessensuous

a.

1)relatingtooraffectingyourphysicalsensesratherthanyouremotionsorthoughts感官方面的；影响感官的e.g.Helikessensuousmusic.他喜欢刺激的音乐。2)suggestingphysicalpleasure肉体享受的；性感的e.g.Shewasattractedbythatactor’ssensuouslips.

她被那个演员性感的嘴唇所吸引。Words&Phrasesexpressive

a.

1)clearlyshowingwhatyourthoughtsorfeelingsare,especiallybyyourbehavior（尤指行为）富于表现力的，明确表露（想法或情感）的e.g.Hegaveanexpressiveshudderwhenaskedtoholdthesnake.当他被要求拿起那条蛇，他不寒而栗。2)(~of)(veryfml)showingtheessentialfeaturesofanemotion,idea,orquality表现……的；表达……的

e.g.Theletterwasexpressiveofhissincereregret.这封信表达了他真诚的歉意。Wordfamily:expressv.

expressionn.Words&Phrasessheerly

ad.purely;

utterly;absolutely纯粹地；全然地；绝对地e.g.

1.

Thatmostexactandconvincingofallsciences,mathematics,issheerlymetaphysical.

科学中最严谨而令人信服的一门，数学，就是纯粹形而上学的。2.Whenwegotoutofthemuseumwewentbacktoourhotelsheerlyonfootwhichwasalittlebittiringbutonthewaybacktothehotelwedidhaveagreattime.从博物馆出来后，我们完全是徒步返回酒店的，虽说有点累，但回酒店的路上，我们的确很开心。Words&Phrasesmechanically

ad.inamechanicalmanner机械操作地；机械地mechanicala.usingpowerfromanengineormachinetodoaparticularkindofwork;affectingorinvolvingamachine机械操作的；机械的e.g.1.Theflighthasbeencancelledduetomechanicalfailure.

由于机械故障，这趟航班被取消了。2.Thisdooropensmechanically.

这扇门是自动打开的。3.Evencarsthatweremechanicallysoundstartedrusting.机械性能方面并无问题的车子也开始生锈。

Words&Phraseshypothetical

a.basedonsituationsoreventsthatseempossibleratherthanonactualones（基于）假设的，假定的e.g.

1.Idon’twanttotalkabouthypotheticalsituations.

我不想谈论假设的情况。2.Uniformmotionisonlyhypothetical.匀速运动只是一种假设性的运动。Wordfamily:

hypotheticallyad.hypothesis

n.Words&Phrasesabsent-mindedlyad.preoccupiedly;inan

absent-minded

manner健忘地；心不在焉地absent-mindeda.

likelytoforgetthingsortothinkaboutsomethingdifferentfromwhatyoushouldbethinkingabout健忘的；心不在焉的e.g.

1.I’mgettingmoreabsent-mindedasIgetolder.

随着年纪变大，我变得更健忘了。2.Sheabsent-mindedlyplayedsomehairswhichclungtothecomb.3.Shetalkedtothestrangerwhilewalking,asifabsent-mindedly.

她和那个陌生人边走边聊，似乎心不在焉。Words&Phrases她心不在焉地摆弄梳子上粘附着的几根头发。brainlessa.

1)notusingintelligence不必动脑筋的；不用花费脑力的e.g.Doyouthinktypingisabrainlesstask?

你觉得打字是不费脑子的活儿吗？2)stupid;foolish无头脑的；愚笨的e.g.Shewasinnomoodfortheirbrainlessgabblethisafternoon.

这个下午她没有心情听他们愚蠢的闲聊。Words&Phrasesengender

vt.

(fml)causeafeelingorattitudetoexist

造成；导致e.g.

1.Crimeissometimesengenderedbyjealousy.

犯罪有时是由妒忌导致的。2.Sympathyoftenengenderslove.

Doyouknowanysynonymsofengender?Words&Phrasescreategiverisetoarousebringaboutleadtocause同情经常引发爱情。generatequalifieda.abletodosth.,becauseyouhavetheknowledge,skill,orexperiencethatisneeded

有资格的；有能力的e.g.

1.Sheiswellqualifiedtogiveanopinion.

她有资格发表意见。2.Theyhavedifficultyfindingqualifiedpersonnelathome.(CET4-2006-06)

他们在国内难以找到胜任的员工。Wordfamily:qualification

n.Seealso:qualify.Words&Phrasesqualify

v.1)

(~as/for)havetherightqualitiesorbeintherightsituationtobeconsideredassth.ortoreceiveordosth.有资格e.g.

Ourteamhasqualifiedforthesemi-final.

我队已有资格进入半决赛。2)(~as/in)becomeamemberofaparticularprofessionafteraperiodoftrainingorstudy（经过一段时间的训练或学习后）取得资格e.g.Andrewqualifiedasateacherin1995.

安德鲁1995年取得教师资格。Antonym:disqualifySeealso:qualified.Words&Phrasesconsolation

n.[C,U]sth.thatmakesyoufeellessunhappyordisappointed安慰；慰藉e.g.

1.Itwassomeconsolationtoknowthatnooneelsehadpassedthetest.得知没别人通过这个测试是一种安慰。2.

Theonlyconsolationfortheteamisthattheygetachancetoplaythegameagain.球队唯一的安慰就是他们有机会再赛一场。Wordfamily:

consolev.e.g.NoonecouldconsoleherwhenPeterdied.

彼得去世后，没人能安慰她。Words&Phrasesapropos

prep.(~of)(fml)relatingto:usedforsayingsth.elseaboutthesubjectyouaretalkingabout（用于提及相关话题）与……相关，附带……

e.g.1.Hehadnothingtosayaproposofthelatestdevelopment.

关于最新的进展，他无可奉告。2.Aproposofnothing,hesuddenlyaskedmeifIlikedfootball!

他突然没头没脑地问我是否喜欢足球！Words&Phrasespotent

a.powerful,oreffective

强大的；有力的；有效的e.g.

1.Iwasconvincedbyhispotentarguments.

他那有力的论据把我说服了。2.Agoodcompanypensionschemeremainsapotentweaponforattractingstaff.好公司的养老金计划在吸引员工方面依然是有利的武器。Words&Phrasesusurp

vt.(fml)takeajoborpositionthatbelongstosomeoneelsewithouthavingtherighttodothis

篡夺；侵占e.g.

1.Thekingresentedanyonetryingtousurphisauthority.

国王憎恨任何想要篡位的人。2.HenryIVusurpedthethroneofEngland.

亨利四世篡夺了英国的王位。Words&Phrasesconstitute

v.(fml)(linkingverb)ifseveralpeopleorthingsconstitutesth.,theycombinetoformit

组成；构成；形成e.g.

1.Twelvepeopleconstitutearesearchgroup.

12个人构成了一个研究小组。2.Theriseincrimeconstitutesathreattosociety.犯罪率上升对社会构成了威胁。3.Failingtocompletetheworkconstitutesabreachoftheemploymentcontract.

未能完成工作被视作违反员工合同的行为。Wordfamily:constitution

n.

Words&PhrasesCf:constitute&consistof…

B,CandDconstituteA./AconsistsofB,CandD.A由B、C和D三部分组成。e.g.1.Thecommitteeconsistsofscientistsandengineers.

委员会由一些科学家和工程师组成。2.Sevendaysconstituteaweek.

一周有七天。Words&Phrasescomposer

n.[C]someonewhowritesmusic,especiallyclassicalmusic（尤指古典音乐）作曲家e.g.

Wordfamily:

composev.Words&Phrases1.He'sacomposerofseriousmusic.Ilikehismusicalot.

他是个庄严音乐的作曲家，我非常喜欢他创作的曲子。2.

Thecomposerkickedthemusicaroundforawhile,tryingitout.

作曲家把这个曲子随便哼了一会儿，看看行不行。Beethovenproclaim

vt.

1)statesomethingpublicly

公开声明；宣布e.g.Theystillproclaimthattheirpolicywassuccessful.

他们依然声称自己的政策是成功的。2)announcesomethingofficially正式宣布e.g.

1.In1882,BrazilproclaimeditselfindependentfromPortugal.2.Thepresidentproclaimedthatanewcurrencywouldbeissued.Words&Phrases1882年，巴西宣布脱离葡萄牙独立。总统宣布将发行新货币。purely

pletely,orastheonlyissueorreason

纯粹地；完全地e.g.

1.Michaelsaidthathisplanned10-dayvisitwouldbeapurelyprivateaffair.

麦克说他原计划10天的访问是一次纯私人的事件。2.Thequestionispurelyacademic.

这是一个纯学术性的问题。3.Hisconclusionsarepurelyspeculative.

他的结论完全是推测而来的。Words&Phrasesintransigent

a.(fml)refusingtochangeyourideasorbehaviourwithnogoodreason固执己见的；顽固的e.g.

1.Hisintransigentattitudereallyannoysthepeoplearoundhim.

他顽固的态度真让周围的人感到讨厌。2.TheIranrulerswillbemoreintransigenttoU.S.afterbombing.

轰炸会使伊朗统治者对美国持更加强硬的态度。Words&Phrasesprecisely

ad.1)

exactly确切地；明确地；准确地e.g.

1.Tellmepreciselywhatyouwant,please.请明确地告诉我你想要什么。2.Temperaturecanbemeasuredprecisely.温度可以精确地测出。2)clearly清楚地；清晰地e.g.Dartmanspokeveryprecisely.

达特曼说得非常清楚。Wordfamily:

precise

a.precision

n.Words&Phrasesfugue

n.[C](technical)apieceofclassicalmusicthatrepeatsasimpletuneanddevelopsitintoacomplicatedpatternusingdifferentinstrumentsorvoices赋格曲（一种重复简单的曲调并用不同乐器或声音赋予复杂曲式的古典音乐）e.g.

CanyoutransposethisfugueintoGmajor?

你能把这个赋格曲转换成G大调吗？Words&Phrasessadness

n.[sing,U]afeelingofbeingunhappy,especiallybecausesth.badhashappened悲伤；伤心；难过e.g.

1.Joan’schildhoodwasfilledwithpainandsadness.

乔安的童年充满了痛苦和伤心。2.Yesterday'sjoywillbecometoday'ssadness;yettoday'ssadnesswillgrowintotomorrow'sjoy.

昨日的快乐变成今天的哀愁；今天的悲伤又转为明日的喜悦。

Wordfamily:sad

a.Words&Phrasespessimistically

ad.inapessimisticmanner悲观地pessimistica.expectingthatbadthingswillhappeninthefutureorthatsomethingwillhaveabadresult

悲观的，悲观主义的e.g.

1.Sheconcludedpessimisticallythatitwouldnothappen.2.Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.(CET4-2002-01)

一些悲观的专家觉得汽车肯定会被废止。Antonym：optimistically

Words&Phrases她悲观地得出结论：这一切都不会发生。resignedly

ad.withresignationandacceptance

顺从地；屈从地resigneda.aresignedlook,voiceetcshowsthatyouaremakingyourselfacceptsth.thatyoudonotlike顺从的；屈从的e.g.

1.Iresignedlytelegraphedbackthatitwasallrightwithmeifheinsisted.

我回电报无奈地说，如果他坚持我也能接受。2.“We'llhavetoleave,”shesaidwitharesignedsigh.

“我们必须要离开，”她无奈地说。Wordfamily:

resignv.resignationn.Words&Phrasesfatefully

ad.inafatefulmanner宿命地；决定性地；（通常为）灾难性地；预言性地fatefula.

afatefulaction,event,ortimeisonethathasanimportantandusuallybadeffectonwhathappensinthefuture宿命的，重大的，决定性的

e.g.

1.Thenursewhisperedfatefullytocallthepriest.护士很有预见性地低声说，把牧师叫来。2.Sincethatfatefuldayherlifehadnotbeenworthliving.从那个重大日子之后，她的人生没有过下去的价值了。Words&Phrasessmilingly

ad.withsmiles;inasmilingmanner微笑地；含笑地e.g.

1.Heopenedthegateandsmilinglywelcomedthetravellershome.他打开大门，微笑着欢迎旅客们回家。2.ThegirlremindedSusansmilinglyoftheirchildhoodspenttogether.

这个女孩笑着提醒苏珊她们一起度过的童年时光。Words&Phrasesworkofart

n.[C]sth.suchasapaintingorsculpturethatisofveryhighquality艺术作品e.g."Whatabeautifulworkofart!"theycried.“多精美的艺术品啊！”他们说道。Words&Phrasespleasurable

a.(fml)givingyouafeelingofhappiness,enjoyment,orsatisfaction令人高兴的；令人满意的e.g.

1.Themostpleasurableexperienceoftheeveningwasthewonderfuldisplayoffireworks.

那晚最令人愉快的经历就是壮观的烟花表演。2.Myyearsofemploymentherehavebeenpleasurableandprivileged.在这里就职的岁月是令人愉快，待遇优厚的。Wordfamily:pleasuren.Words&Phrasessufficiently

ad.enough足够地；充足地e.g.

1.NowIcanmanagetomakemyselfunderstoodsufficientlyinyourlanguage.

现在，我在说你们国家语言时，总算能让别人充分听懂我的意思了。2.Oncewehadeatenanddrunk

sufficiently,wepaddedofftosleep.一旦吃饱喝足了，我们就去睡觉。Wordfamily:sufficienta.sufficiencyn.Words&Phrasesmelody

n.[C]

（MUSIC）atuneorsong,especiallyasimpleone（尤指简单的）曲调，歌曲e.g.

1.Thebeautifulmelodyislingeringinmymind.

美妙的旋律在我脑海中回荡。2.Thesonghasasadmelody.

这首歌曲调忧伤。Words&Phrasesrhythm

n.[C]

1)（MUSIC）aregularpatternofsoundsinmusicthatyoucanshowbymoving,hittingyourhandstogether,orhittingadrumorothersurface（音乐的）节奏，拍子e.g.Theybeganmovingtogethertotherhythmofthemusic.他们开始一起随着音乐的节拍扭动。2)aregularpatternofsoundsormovements节律；节奏e.g.Icouldfeelthesteadyrhythmofherheartbeat.

我能够感觉到她平稳的心跳律动。Words&Phrasesclarity

n.[U]1)thequalityofexpressingideasorthoughtsinaclearway清晰；明晰；清楚e.g.Themainweaknessofthereportisitslackofclarity.

这个报告的主要缺点是表述不清。2)theabilitytothinkclearlyorunderstandthingsclearly清晰的思维或理解能力e.g.IknewwithabsoluteclaritythatthiswasnotwhatIwanted.

我清楚地知道这不是我想要的。Wordfamily:clarifyv.Words&Phrasesinstinctively

ad.innately,byinstinct,withoutbeingtaught直觉地；本能地；天性地e.g.1.Heknewinstinctivelythatshewouldnotforgivehim.

他直觉认为她不会原谅他。2.Hisjawinstinctivelyclosed,andhisgrayeyesnarrowed.他本能地闭紧嘴巴，灰色的眼睛收缩成一条线。Wordfamily:instinct

n.Seealso:

instinctive.Words&Phrasesinstinctive

a.donewithoutthinking,becauseofanaturaltendencyorability

直觉的；本能的；天性的e.g.1.Hisreactionwaspurelyinstinctive.

他的反应是完全出于本能的。2.Runningawayisourinstinctivereactionwhenwemeetdanger.

遇到危险时，我们的本能反应就是跑开。Seealso:

instinctively.Words&Phrasesanalogy

n.[C,U]acomparisonbetweentwosituations,processesetc.

thatisintendedtoshowthatthetwoaresimilar比拟；比喻；类比e.g.1.Shakespearemakesananalogybetweenthecitizensofcountryandthepartsofaperson'sbody.莎士比亚把一个国家中的国民类比为人身体的各个部分。2.Ourmanagerisfondofdrawinganalogiesbetweenbusinessandfootball.

我们经理喜欢把生意和足球进行类比。Seealso:

analogous.Words&Phrasesanalogous

a.(fml)similartoanothersituation,processetc.sothatthesamethingsaretrueoforrelevanttoboth

类似的；可比的e.g.1.Theheartisanalogoustoapump.

心脏好比一个水泵。2.Brainsandcomputersareoftenconsideredanalogous.

大脑和电脑经常被认为是类似的。Seealso:

analogy.Words&Phrasescostume

n.[C,U]clothesthatperformerswearinaplay,filmetc.演出服；戏装e.g.1.Thecostumes,sets,andactingareallsuperb.

戏服，场景和表演全都是上乘之作。2.Herfatherisafamouscostumedesigner.

她父亲是著名的戏服设计师。Words&Phrasestheatrical

a.

1)relatingtothebusinessandartoftheatre戏剧的；戏剧艺术的e.g.Theexpertiswritingatheatricalreview.

这个专家在写一篇戏剧评论。2)

theatricalbehaviourisveryemotionalandaimstoattractattention（行为举止）冲动的，戏剧性的，夸张的e.g.Hehasaverytheatricalstyleofspeaking.

他讲话的方式十分夸张。Wordfamily:theatern.Seealso:

theatergoer.Words&Phrasesgaiety

n.[U](old-fashioned)afeelingorstateofhappinessandfun欢乐；愉快e.g.1.Shebroughthimasenseoffun,ofgaietythatfilledagapinhislife.

她给他带来快乐的感觉，一种能填补人生缺憾的快乐。2.Herartificialgaietydisguisedaninnersadness.

她以矫揉造作的快乐掩饰内心的悲痛。Words&Phrasesplaywright

n.[C]someonewhowritesplays,especiallyastheirjob（尤指职业的）剧作家，编写剧本的人e.g.1.TheplaywrightOscarWildewasnotedforhisepigrams.

剧作家奥斯卡·王尔德以他的诙谐短诗著称。2.BernardShawwastheforemostplaywrightofhistime.

萧伯纳是他那个时代最重要的戏剧作家。

Words&Phrasestheatergoer

n.[C]someonewhoregularlygoestothetheatre经常看戏的人e.g.1.Well,atheatergoerthesedayshassomanychoices.

呃，最近看戏的人有很多选择。2.NellisthemostardenttheatergoerinLondon.

内尔是伦敦最狂热的戏迷。Seealso:

theatrical.

Words&Phrasesseparately

ad.inaseparatemanner分开地；不连接地；单独地separate

a.

nottogether,ornotjoinedtosth.else

分开的；不连接的；单独的e.g.1.Wesawtheplayseparatelyandcomparednotesafterwards.

2.Livingseparatelyfromparentsaftermarriageisallthemodetoday.

3.Weareinstructingownerstokeepthebombinalockedcabinetandthefuseseparatelyinadrawer.(CET4-2004-06)

我们正在指导用户把炸弹放在锁好的壁橱里，导火线单独放在抽屉里。Words&Phrases我们各自看了那出戏,后来交换了意见。婚后与父母分开住是现在非常流行的做法。simultaneously

ad.occurring

atthesame

time同时地；同时发生地e.g.1.Thetwomenresignedfromtheirjobssimultaneously.

这两人同时从各自岗位辞职。2.Theoperawillbebroadcastsimultaneouslyontelevisionandradio.

这部歌剧将通过电视和收音机同时播放。Wordfamily:simultaneous

a.

Words&Phrasessotospeak:

usedforshowingthatyouhaveexpressedsth.inanunusualway可以说；可谓e.g.1.Maryis,sotospeak,veryhard-workingandreliable.

玛丽可谓又勤奋又可靠。2.Thenewprocedureshavebeenofficiallychristened,sotospeak.

新措施可以说已经正式实施了。Words&Phrasessplitup:1)divideintosmallergroups,ordividepeopleintosmallergroups分开；把……分成；划分e.g.

Theteachersplitupthestudentsintofourgroups.

老师把学生们分成四个小组。2)endamarriageoranemotionalorworkingrelationship离婚；分手；断绝关系e.g.

1.Herparentssplitupafewmonthsago.

几个月前她的父母离婚了。2.Thequarrelsplitupthetwofriends.那次争吵使两个朋友断绝了来往。Words&Phrasesshyawayfrom:avoiddoingordealingwithsth.becauseyouarenotconfidentenoughoryouareworriedornervousaboutit（因紧张、害怕或不自信而）回避，退缩e.g.1.Hereyesshiedawayfrommine.

她回避我的眼神。2.Theboysshiedawayfromourquestions.

男孩们回避了我们的问题。3.I'vealwaysshiedawayfromclosefriendships.

我总是避免与人做密友。Words&Phrasespindown:

1)understandordescribesth.

exactly确定；确切地理解；明确地说明e.g.Officialsaretryingtopindownthecauseofwidespreadpowercuts.

官员们试图明确大面积停电的原因。2)forcesomeonetomakeadecisionaboutsth.强迫……作出决定；使……明确表态e.g.Wefinallypinnedhimdownandgothimtoagreetoameeting.我们终于让他表态，使他同意会面。Words&Phrasesgiveoff:producesth.suchasheat,light,orasmell发出（热、光、气味等）e.g.1.Someeconomicstatisticsaregivingoffnegativesignals.

一些经济统计数据正在发出负面的信号。2.Whentheydie,plantsgiveoffgasessuchascarbondioxideandmethane.

植物死亡后会发出二氧化碳和沼气等气体。Words&Phrasesderivefrom:havesth.

asanorigin源自e.g.1.Theirfearderivesfromabeliefthatthosemenhavesupernaturalpowers.

他们的恐惧来自相信那些人有超自然的能力。2.ThousandsofEnglishwordsderivefromLatin.

英语中有成千上万的词源自拉丁文。Words&Phrasesasidefrom:

1)exceptfor除……之外e.g.

1.Asidefromhangingaboutinthestreet,there’snothingforkidstodohere.

除了在街上混日子，这里的孩子没事可做。2.Everythingwasquiet,asidefromtheoccasionalsoundofacarinthedistance.除了远处偶尔有汽车的声响外,四周一片寂静。Words&Phrases2)usedforsayingthatsth.exists,istrue,orhappensinadditiontosth.else除……之外还e.g.

1.He’seatenhalfaloafofbread,andthatwasasidefromthesandwichhe’deatenearlier.

除了先前吃的三明治之外，他又吃了半条面包。2.Ididn'tacceptthejobbecauseitwasbadlypaidandasidefromthat,itwasn'tveryinteresting.

我没接受这个工作，因为工资既少，又非常乏味。Words&PhrasesStravinsky

斯特拉温斯基（IgorFeodro-ovich,1882-1971,

美籍俄国作曲家、指挥家）Words&PhrasesHewasaRussian-borncomposer,pianist,andconductor