上海中考英语专项冲刺专项六：首字母填空

上海中考英语专项冲刺专项六：首字母填空上海中考英语专项冲刺专项六：首字母填空上海中考英语专项冲刺专项六：首字母填空V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考上海中考英语专项冲刺专项六：首字母填空日期：20xx年X月上海中考英语专项冲刺专项六：首字母填空----首字母填空【题型介绍】首字母填空共7个，每道2分，共计14分，占阅读部分的28%，占试卷总分的9.3%；文章篇幅精悍，字数约250-300之间，重点考查5大词类：名词动词形容词副词代词；首字母填空对学生语言知识要求较高，需要运用词法、句法甚至文章里涉及的一些背景知识去认真分析答题才有可能拿到总分值；我们在平时练习时有可能会碰到一些出的比较卖弄、奇葩，甚至超出初中生知识范围的首字母题目，放心，这种情况在中考中决然不会出现，纵观近几年中考真题，都未超出一般初中生的认知范围。该题型对学生词汇应用及语境分析综合能力要求极高，是拉开区分度的重要题型，很多考生中考成绩140左右，和145+的考生，相差的那么几分往往就是因为这一题型。首字母填空真的难吗—

—是！但是，如果方法得当，再加上三分天赋和七分努力，拿到总分值也是极有可能的。下面就该题型进行详细剖析。如果广大师生有更好的秘籍，可以留言分享哦~〔该篇文章发表于公众号：上海初高中英语20190614期〕【首字母考查】基础词汇知识的掌握和运用词语短语搭配的使用语境中辨析词性的能力文章逻辑关系的理解语言综合运用能力【首字母常见疑惑及对策】看不懂文章意思；文章大意看懂了，但仍然不能锁定目标词汇；知道该填什么词，但想不出该词的英文；终于想出了，但是由于单复数，时态，比较级没兼顾到；如上种种，我们都可以得出一个共同的结论：该生词汇一定是不过关的，此外，还有粗心等不良学习习惯，不仅首字母，在其他地方也会犯诸如动词时态或三单一，名词单复数等粗心错误。如果出现这些情况了，我们还是建议先从基础词汇抓起吧，把词汇熟背后再学习首字母答题技巧，这样才能更快更好提高，不然，可能是既浪费时间又浪费精力---你必须要求一定词汇量，即你个人的词库供你去搜索，当然了，这个库越大越丰富越好。没有什么一蹴而就的万能法那么，熟记考纲单词，多做多总结是大多数总分值同学的方法。【首字母答题步骤】Step2：了解词性处理方法后，多做综合的〝用所给单词的正确形式填空〞，有利于提高对所缺空词性的判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。Step3：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为〝猜谜〞的能力。【方法总结】(一)

通读全文完型填空所填的单词要使各句句子意思完整，上下文相互衔接，因此，在落笔作提前一定要先通读全文，基本把握语篇的大意。(二〕根据固定用法以及词组的搭配有些空格与固定搭配或词组表达法有关，要充分利用自己平时所积累的词组搭配来考虑填什么词。(三)

运用语法知识剖析结构，判断所需的词是什么词类。如，修饰名词一般用形容词；修饰动词一般用副词。名词前常会有冠词、代词；动词前可能有情态动词、助动词等。如果是两个分句，就得看两句之间的关系。假设两句中的一句从属于另一句，就得用从属连词；假设是并列关系，那么用并列连词，然后根据意义考虑是时间、地点、原因还是方式，是转折还是因果关系，来决定用什么连词。另外，在根据文中意义决定了所填的词之后，还要注意使用它的正确形式。如，名词要注意单、复数；人称代词要注意主格、宾格或所有格；冬刺要注意时态、语态或非谓语形式；形容词、副词要注意比较级和最高级等。【专题精讲】首字母高频词汇A字母开头的：名词：abilityaccidentactivityactoractressadditionaddressadvantageadvertisementaimallambitionamountanswerareaattention代词：allanotheranyanybodyanything形容词：ableaccurateactiveallancientangryanotheranyattractiveautomaticavailableawful副词：abroadactuallyafteragainagoaheadallalmostalongalreadyalsoalwaysangrilyanywhereas动词：acceptachieveaddaffordallowanswerapologizeappeararrangeattackattract介词：aboutaboveacrossafteragainstalongamongaroundasB字母开头的：名词：balancebasebeginningbeingbest(最好的人或物)bitblockbookbottombreak(休息)breathbroadcastbusinessbusinessman代词：both形容词：badbeautifulbestbetterboringbothbrave副词：backbeforebehindbestbothbesides动词：beatbitebookborrowbornbreak介词：beforebybehindbelowbesidebesidesbetweenC字母开头的：名词：callcancelcapitalcasecausecenturychancecharitychemicalchemistrychoicecigarettecirclecitizenclasscollectioncollegecolorcompanycompetitionconcertconclusioncontrolcrossculturecustomcustomer形容词：carefulcertainchangeablecheapchemicalclose(近的)coldcommoncompleteconfidentconvenientcorrectcrazycrowdedconfident副词：carefullycertainlyclearlyclosecompletely动词：cancelcarecausecelebratechangechooseclearclimbcollectcomparecomplaincompleteconfuseconnectconsistcontrolcopycorrectcreateD字母开头的：名词：dailydarkdetaildietdifferencedifficultydisasterdistancedream形容词：dangerousdifferentdifficultdulldisappointed副词：Deeply动词：decidedecoratedescribedisappeardiscoverdisturbdropdevelopdesign介词：downduringE字母开头的：名词：earthearthquakeeducationeffectendenergyentranceenvironmentexampleexcuseexerciseexperienceexperiment代词：eacheithereverybody/everyoneeverything形容词：eacheasyeducationaleitherelseenjoyableenougheveryeverydayexcitedexcitingexpensive副词：easilyeitherenoughespeciallyevenevereverywhereexactly动词：e-mail/emailenableencourageendenjoyenterequalescapeexamineexpectexplainexpress介词：exceptF字母开头的：名词：fablefactfavorfemalefigurefingerfishermanforecastforeignerformFrancefreedomFrenchfriendfriendshipfuelfunfurniturefuture形容词：fairfavouritefirstfitfollowingforeignforgetfulfreezingfreshfamiliar副词：farfinallyfirstforever动词：failfitfixfocusfollowfrightenG字母开头的：名词：gamegasgeographygoalgradegraduategreenhouseguest形容词：generalgladgoodgreat副词：gently动词：gaingetH字母开头的：名词：habithealthheartheatheighthistoryhobbyholidayhopehouseworkhumour形容词：hardworkinghealthyhelpfulhistoricalhorriblehungry副词：happilyhardhardlyheavilyherehomehowhowever动词：hanghappenhateheathesitateholdhopehunthurryhurtI字母开头的：名词：ideaincomeindustryinformationinventioninventorinvitationisland形容词：importantimpossibleindependentinterestedinteresting副词：immediatelyininsideinstead动词：imagineimproveincludeincreaseinterviewintroduce介词：insideintoJ字母开头的：名词：jamjournalistjourneyjoyjudge副词：just动词：jokejudgeK字母开头的：名词：kindkindergartenknowledge动词：kickknowL字母开头的：名词：languagelawlawyerlengthlielinklistlocationlockluck形容词：lastlatelikelylimitedlocallowluckylonely副词：lastlatelaterluckily动词：landlaughlayleadlinklocatelockleave介词：likeM字母开头的：名词：Machinemagazinemailmannermarketmatchmattermealmemorymenumessagemethodmindminutemistakemomentmostmuch代词：many形容词：modernmoremostmuch副词：mainlymaybemoremostmuch动词：managematchmattermeanmindmissmistakemoveN字母开头的：名词：neighbournetworknumbernote代词：neithernobodynonenothing形容词：nearbynecessaryneithernervousnext副词：nearlyneithernevernextnonotnowhere动词：notice介词：nearO字母开头的：名词：offeropinionorderorganizationowner代词：oneother形容词：onlyopenoppositeordinaryotheroutdoorown副词：oftenonceonlyover动词：obeyobserveofferorderorganizeown介词：onontooppositeoutsideoverP字母开头的：名词：painpaint(涂料，颜料)paintingpartpartnerpassengerperformanceplaceplanepollutionpracticepresidentproblemprocessprogress形容词：paleperfectpersonalphysicalpreciousprettyprivatepublic副词：perhapspolitelypossiblyprobablyproperly动词：placeplanplaypollutepostpracticepredictpreventprocessproducepromiseprotectproveputQ字母开头的：名词：question副词：quicklyquietlyR字母开头的：名词：reasonrecordrelativeresourceresponsibilityrestrestaurantresultrobberyrulerun形容词：realregularresponsibleretired副词：ratherreallyrecentlyright动词：realizereceiverecognizerecordreducerefuserelaxrepeatreplyresearchrespectreviewrobrulerunrushS字母开头的:名词：safesafetysaucesayingsecretsecretarysectionsenseservicesexshameshapesightseeingsituationsizeskillsquarestorysuccesssupportsurfacesurprisesurveysystemsubjectstrength代词：samesomesomebody/someonesomething形容词：safesameseriousseveralsimplesomesparespecialsquarestraightstrangestrongsuccessfulsuchsure副词：safelysecondseldomseriouslyslowlysosoftlysometimessoonstillsuddenly动词：savesearchseemselectsellsendservesettleshareshinesolvespendspreadstudysucceedsuggestsupportsupposesurprisesurvey介词：sinceT字母开头的：名词：tasktemperaturethoughttickettraffictroubletrytype代词：thatthesethisthose形容词：teenageterriblethankfulthatthesethinthirstythisthosetoptraditionaltrue副词：thentodaytogethertomorrowtoo动词：telephone/phonetelltestthankthinkthrowtietraintranslatetransporttryturntype介词：throughthroughouttilltotowardsU字母开头的：名词：use形容词：unhealthyunusualusefulusualupset副词：underupusually动词：understanduse介词：underV字母开头的：名词：variety形容词：various动词：varyvolunteerW字母开头的：名词：waywisdomwishwonderworrywriter代词：whatwho形容词：weakwellwhichwoodenwoundedwrong副词：whatwhenwherewhy动词：waitwakewalkwantwarnwastewidenwinwonderworkworry介词：withwithinwithoutY字母开头的：形容词：young副词：yet连词：A：andafteralthoughasB：becausebeforebutI：ifN：neithernorO：orS：sincesoT：thantillthoughU：unlessuntilW：whenwhilewhether疑问词/连词：whathow【专题过关】首字母专题形容词副词知识点梳理AsurveyhasbeenpublishedwhichshowsthatBritishpeopledon’tliketheirneighborsverymuch.80%ofthepeoplewhotookpartinthesurveyfeelthattheirneighborsh92payattentiontoothers’feelings.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】根据句意，80%被调查的人感觉他们的邻居几乎不注意其他人的感受Accordingtothesurvey,theb94problemisnoise.Manyofthecomplaintsaboutnoisecamefrompeoplewholiveinflatsandoldhouses.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】根据调查，最大的问题是噪音Theothermainproblemsaredisagreements(不和)aboutcarparkingspaces,andoldpeoplecomplainingabouttheyoung.Somedisagreementslastal96time.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】一些不和会持续很长的一段时间Anothersurveyshowsthat90%oftheneighboursnevershareameal,80%haveneverhadadrinkt97and20%haveneverevenspoken.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】80%的人不会一起喝酒2.Newtechnologyhasreallyopeneduptheworldoffilmmakingforfilmfans.Nowacameradoesnotcostm93andmostyoungpeoplearecertainlyabletopayforit.Soallyouneedistogetoneforyourself.Withthat,youmaystartyourownfilm-making.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】新的技术为粉丝打开了新的电影制作世界，现在一个照相机不会花费许多5.B96,youneedtomakeupastory.Canyouwriteyourownone

〔2019中考真题〕【分析】B开头的副词是besides，另外你需要编造一个故事Ifyouhavegoodimagination,youcancreateanattractivestorye97.Manyworld-famousfilmmakerandproducersarealsogoodstory-writers.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】如果你有好的想象力，你就可以很容易创造一个吸引人的故事Ifnot,perhapsyouneedsomeoneelsetowriteitforyou.Anexcellentstoryisthekeytomakingas98film.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】一个优秀的故事是一部成功电影的关键Theundergroundisfastandconvenient.Thereisastationeveryfewblocks.Undergroundtrainsrunfrom5:30a.m.to12:00midnight.Youcangettoanyplacee86.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】你可以很简单地去任何一个地方London'sblacktaxisaref89.ManyvisitorstoLondonknowtheyaregoodandcomfortable.TheyWillcostyouafewpounds,though.Takeataxionce,fortheexperience.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】伦敦的黑色出租车是非常有名的Don'tdriveyourcarinLondon!Carparksareverye91.Youhavetopayaspecialcongestioncharge(拥堵费)todriveyourcarintothecitycentre.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】不要自己在伦敦开车，停车费是很贵的Butlifewitharoommatecanalsobeat_____87_____experience.Someexpertsdidastudyofcollegestudentswhosharedaroom.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】但是有一个室友的生活也是糟糕的Beingroommateswithafriendcanbehard.Friendsmaybedifferentwhenyoustaywiththemallthetimefromwhenyoudon’tseethemveryo____89____.So,beforeyouplantosharearoomwithafriend,discussthesituationcarefully.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】当你和朋友一直待在一起和并不总是经常见到他们是不一样的Ifyoudecidetosharearoomwithsomeoneyoudon’tknow,talktoeachother.It’simportanttobeh____90___aboutyourhabitsandthingsyouhate.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】关于你的习惯和你不喜欢的东西保持诚实是很重要的P82activitywaspopularamongbothgirlsandboys,averagingbetweenthreetosixhoursaweek.Favouritesportsamonggirlsweretennis,basketballandswimming.Boyssaidtheylikedfootball,basketballandskating.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】身体活动在男孩和女孩当中都是非常流行的Unexpectedly,asmanyasthreeoutoftenteenagersmentionedthatcollectingthingswassomethingtheylikedtodointheirsparetime.Theyhadv84collectionsfromcartoonbooksandbaseballcardstostickers,toysandcoins.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】他们有各种各样的收集品Surprisingly,teenagerss87wentdancing,especiallygirls.Onlyoneoutoftensaidtheywenttothedanceregularly.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】根据句意，十个里面只有一个会有规律的去跳舞It’sacommonschooldayatSouthernCrossSchoolnearthefamousKrugerNationalParkinSouthAfrica.Teachersandpupilsdon’tsitinaclassroom.I81,theygothroughtheforestorsitunderthetrees.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】i开头独立成句的填insteadTheclassroomforsmallpreschoolersisalittledifferentfromtherestoftheschool.Forexample,thefirstlessonofthedayismaths,buttheteachingmethodisverys84.〔2019中考真题〕TheYoungPerson’sRail-cardisverypopularinBritainnow．Itgivesyoungpeoplethechancetobuyc81trainticketsacrossthecountry．Justimagine，itcouldtakeyoutofestivals，toseefriends，ortolondonforaweekendbreak，atalowerpricE、〔2019中考真题〕【分析】它给年轻人机会去买便宜的火车票来穿过这个国家Ifarail-carddoesnothavetheuser’snamesigned，itwillbeconsideredinvalid〔无效的〕．Nooneelsemayuseeitheryourrail-cardoranyticketsboughtwithit．Youwillberequiredtopaythef86priceoftheticketifyouareunabletoshowyourownrail-cardwiththeticketforacheckduringajourney．〔2019中考真题〕【分析】你会被要求付全部的票价如果你没有拿出自己的地铁卡Tony’smotherputdifferentfoodswhichwereunfamiliartoAmyontobigplates.Sheaskedthekidstocarrythefood-filledplatesouttothetable.Amycarriedroastduck.Itwasoneofthef_____84_____dishessherecognized.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】Amy拿了烤鸭，这个菜是她认得的为数不多的菜Amywasalittlenervousabouteatingwithchopsticks.Tonygaveherinstructionsonhowtodoit.Amyfinallymanagedtoholdthechopsticks.Justwhenshepickedupapieceofchickeninherchopsticks,herfingerss___85_____lostcontrolofthem,andthechickenflewacrossthetable.〔2019中考真题〕【分析】她的手指突然失去了对筷子的控制Tony’sfatherkindlybroughtoutaforkandknife.HehandedthemtoAmy.Amyfeltmorec__87_______.Sheatetherestofherdinnereasily.Itwasdelicious!〔2019中考真题〕【分析】Amy用了刀和叉子，她感觉更舒服了首字母专题动词名词知识点梳理AsurveyhasbeenpublishedwhichshowsthatBritishpeopledon'tliketheirneighboursverymuch.80%ofthepeoplewhotookpartinthesurveyfeelthattheirneighbourshardlypayattentiontoothers"feelings.25%don'ttalklothepeoplewholivenextdoorand10%don'tevenknowtheirnames.Infact,onemillionpeopleinBritainwouldliketom93becausetheydon'tgetalongwellwiththeirneighbours.〔2019中考真题93题〕Manyofthecomplaintsaboutnoisecamefrompeoplewholiveinflatsandoldhouses.Theseplacesoftenhavethinwallswhichcan'ts95 thenoisefromnextdoor.〔2019中考真题95题〕【解析】老房子这些地方的墙比较薄，不能阻挡隔壁的噪音。Atonetime,makingafilmwasanexpensiveactivityforonlyforasmallgroupofpeopleandfilmcompanies.Notonlywerethetoolsandmachinesexpensivebutalsothecostoffilmwasalsofargreaterthanmostpeoplecouldafford.However,moderntechnologyhasc92allthat.〔2019中考真题92题〕【分析】根据句意，现代化的科技改变了做电影难又贵。BytrainTakeatraintovisitplacesoutsideLondon,likeHamptonCourtandWindsorCastle.YoucanuseaTravelcardontheunderground,busesandmosttrains.Top88yourjourney,getamapfromtherailwaystations,takesometimetothinkabouttheplacesyouwanttovisit.〔2019中考真题88题〕【解析】根据句子意思为了计划旅行。BybikeTherearen'tmanygoodbicyclelanesinLondon.Cyclingwithalargeguidedgroupisbetterthanr92alone.〔2019中考真题92题〕【分析】根据上下文，Cycling指骑车，一群人骑车比单独一个人骑车要好。Someexpertsdidastudyofcollegestudentswhosharedaroom.Theyfoundthatstudentswhohadproblemswiththeirroommateswerenothappyatschoolandaremorelikelytogetsickthanotherstudents.So,howcanyoul_____88____witharoommateandenjoyit

Hereissomeadvice.〔2019中考真题88题〕【解析】根据上下文，怎样和合租者一起生活？

Don’tgetangryatsmallthingsthatyourroommatedoes.Trytof_____92____theunhappythingsbetweenyouandyourroommate.Noone-includingyou-isperfect.〔2019中考真题92题〕【解析】根据下文没有人是完美的，可以推出前面尽力忘掉不开心的事情。Speakingofentertainment,musicandTVwerepopular.Abouthalfofthosesurveyedsaidthatmusicwastheirfavouriteactivity.Thisi83bothlisteningtoandplayingmusic.TVwasalsoverypopular.ThreequarterssaidtheypreferredwatchingTVtoreadingabookormagazine.〔2019中考真题83题〕【解析】根据上文意思，活动包括听音乐，玩音乐。V85friendswasalsopopular.Eightoutoftenteenagerssaidtheymetfriendsonceaweek.〔2019中考真题85题〕【解析】根据后面一句中metfriends，前面应该是visitfriends，做主语所以用visiting。Inthisschoolyouwon’thearateachersaying〝CounthowmanyapplesJanehasinherbasket.〞Actually,thechildrenvisitanearbyrivertocountthenumberofmarksleftbyanimals.Thiswaytheycanseehowmanydifferentanimalscometod85duringthenight.〔2019中考真题85题〕【分析】根据文章意思，孩子们去附近小河边去数动物留下的marks的数量，看一看有多少动物去河里喝水。Thestudentsareencouragedtotakecareoftheinjuredandsmallanimals.Iftheyfindadeadanimalinthearea,theystudywheretheanimalfitsinthefootchainandhowandwhyitd86.〔2019中考真题86题〕【分析】根据上文如果他们发现死亡的动物，他们研究怎样死的为什么死的。.Whocanapply?Anyonebetween16and25yearsofage.Youwillneedtoprovidesomethingtop_____82______thatyouareunder26.Forthis,onlyyourIDcard,drivinglicense,passportormedicalcardwillbeacceptable.〔2019中考真题82题〕【解析】根据句子意思，你需要提供东西来证明你在26岁以内。TonyisChineseAmerican.HisfamilymembersgathertogetherandserveatraditionalChinesemealonceaweek.LastweekTonyi_____81_____hisfriendAmyforit..〔2019中考真题81题〕【解析】根据句意Tony邀请他的朋友Amy来一起吃饭。〝Wherearetheforksandknives?〞Amyasked.〝Oh,youwon’tn____83_____those.〞Tonyexplained.〞Iwillshowyouhowtousechopsticks.Don’tworry..〔2019中考真题83题〕【分析】根据句子意思，不需要用刀和叉。However,whenneighboursbecomeeachother'sf___98___,theyareoftenreadytoofferhelp,aswecanseeinmanypartsoftheworld.〔2019中考真题98题〕【解析】根据后面一句，他们经常乐意帮助别人，所以邻居们成为朋友。However,film-makingist94work.Youprobablyneedmanyotherpeopletohelpyou.〔2019中考真题94题〕【分析】根据后一句可能需要其他很多人帮你，所以是一种团队工作.Forexample,thep95ofactorsandactressesisveryimportantinyourfilm.Ofcourse,theseactorsandactressesmaybeyourschoolmates,friendsorfamilymembers.Youdon’tevenneedtopaythemacentwhiletheyaregladtobepartofyourjob.〔2019中考真题95题〕【分析】根据句子意思，应该是指演员的表演，再加上is，所以填performance.BybusTravellingbybusisagoodwaytoseethecity-,especiallyfromthetopofadouble-deckerbus.Thereisalwaysabusstopnearby.Therearespecialticketsforc87undertheageof12.〔2019中考真题87题〕【解析】根据句子意思，指12岁一下的孩子。Byb90The"riverbus"leavesfromWestminsterPierandstopsatdifferentplacesbetweenWestminsterandGreenwichPier.AgoodwaytoseethecityfromtheRiverThames.〔2019中考真题90题〕【分析】根据〝riverbus〞可以得出应该是指乘船。Atsometimeinyourlife,youmighthavearoommate.Itisagoodideatoshareaflat,especiallyforstudentsorpeoplewhohav