2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(第三套)

2015年6月英语六级真题及答案（第三套）PartI(30minutes)WritingDirections：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying“Ifyoucannotdogreatthings，dosmallthingsinagreatway．’’Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpointofview．Youshouldwriteatleastl50wordsbutnomorethan200words．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection，youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations．Attheendofeachconversation，oneor，morequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid．Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce．Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause．Duringthepause，youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA.，B.，C.andD.，anddecidewhichisthebestanswer．ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet，withasinglelinethroughthecentre．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1．A.ThemanmightbeabletoplayintheWorldCup．B.Theman’sfootballcareerseemstobeatanend．C.Themanwasoperatedonafewweeksa90．D.Themanisafanofworld．famousfootballplayers．2．A.Workoutaplantotightenhisbudget．B.Findouttheopeninghoursofthecafeteria．C.Applyforaseniorpositionintherestaurant．D.Solvehisproblembydoingapart．timejob．3．A.Afinancialburden．B.Agoodcompanion．C.Arealnuisance．D.Awell．trainedpet．4．A.Theerrorswillbecorrectedsoon．B.Thewomanwasmistakenherself．C.Thecomputingsystemistoocomplex．D.Hehascalledthewomanseveraltimes．5．A.Heneedshelptoretrievehisfiles．B.Hehastotypehispaperoncemore．C.Heneedssometimetopolishhispaper．D.Hewillbeawayforatw0—weekconference．6．A.Theymighthavetochangetheirplan．B.Hehasgoteverythingsetfortheirtrip．C.Hehasaheavierworkloadthanthewoman．D.TheycouldstayinthemountainsuntilJune8．7．A.Theyhavetowaitamonthtoapplyforastudentloan．B.Theycanfindtheapplicationformsinthebrochure．C.Theyarenoteligibleforastudentloan．D.Theyarenotlateforaloanapplication．8．A.Newlawsareyettobemadetoreducepollutantrelease．B.Pollutionhasattractedlittleattentionfromthepublic．C.Thequalityofairwillsurelychangeforthebetter．D.It’Iltakeyearstobringairpollutionundercontr01．Questions9t012arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．9．A.Enormoussizeofitsstores．B.Numerousvarietiesoffood．C.Itsappealingsurroundings．D.Itsrichandcolorfulhistory．10．A.Anancientbuildin9．B.Aworldofantiques．C.AnEgyptianmuseum．D.AnEgyptianmemorial．11．A.Itspowerbillreaches￡9millionayear．B.Itsellsthousandsoflightbulbsaday．C.Itsuppliespowertoanearbytown．D.Itgenerates70％oftheelectricityituses．12．A.11500．B.30000．C.250000．D.300000．Questionsl3t015arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．13．A.Transferringtoanotherdepartment．B.Studyingaccountingatauniversity．C.Thinkingaboutdoingadifferentjob．D.Makingpreparationsforherweddin9．14．A.Shehasfinallygotapromotionandapayraise．B.Shehasgotasatisfactoryjobinanothercompany．C.Shecouldatlastleavetheaccountingdepartment．D.Shemanagedtokeepherpositioninthecompany．15．A.HeandAndreahaveprovedtobeaperfectmatch．B.Hechangedhismindaboutmarriageunexpectedly．C.Hedeclaredthathewouldremainsingleallhislife．D.HewouldmarryAndreaevenwithoutmeetingher．SectionBDirections：Inthissection．youwillhear3shortpassages．Aftheendofeachpassage．youwillhearsomequestions．Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce．Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA.，B.，C.andD.．ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetTwithasinglelinethroughthecentre．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestionsl6t019arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．16．A.Theyaremotorcyclesdesignatedforwatersports．B.Theyarespeedyboatsrestrictedinnarrowwaterways．C.Theyarebecominganefficientformofwatertransportation．D.Theyaregettingmorepopularasameansofwaterrecreation．17．A.Waterscooteroperators’lackofexperience．B.Vacationers’disregardofwatersafetyrules．C.Overloadingofsmallboatsandothercraft．D.Carelessnessofpeopleboatingalongtheshore．18．A.Theyscarewhalestodeath．B.Theyproducetoomuchnoise．C.Theydischargetoxicemissions．D.Theyendangerlotsofwaterlife．19．A.Expandoperatingareas．B.Restrictoperatinghours．C.Limittheuseofwaterscooters．D.Enforcenecessaryregulations．PassageTwoQuestions20t022arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．20．A.Theyarestable．B.Theyareclose．C.Theyarestrained．D.Theyarechangin9．21．A.Theyarefullyoccupiedwiththeirownbusiness．B.Notmanyofthemstayinthesameplaceforlon9．C.Notmanyofthemcanwintrustfromtheirneighbors．D.Theyattachlessimportancetointerpersonalrelations．22．A.Countoneachotherforhelp．B.Giveeachotheracoldshoulder．C.Keepafriendlydistance．D.Buildafencebetweenthem．PassageThreeQuestions23t025arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．23．A.Itmayproduceanincreasingnumberofidleyoungsters．B.ItmayaffectthequalityofhighereducationinAmerica．C.Itmaycausemanyschoolstogooutofoperation．D.Itmayleadtoalackofproperlyeducatedworkers．24．A.Itl：5iessserlotlsincitiesthantnruralareas．B.Itaffectsbothjuniorandseniorhighschools．C.Itresultsfromaworseningeconomicclimate．D.ItisanewchallengefacingAmericaneducators．25．A.Allowingthemtochoosetheirfavoriteteachers．B.Creatingamorerelaxedlearningenvironment．C.Rewardingexcellentacademicperformance．D.Helpingthemtodevelopbetterstudyhabits．SectionCDirections：Inthissection，youwillhearapassagethreetimes．Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime，youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea．Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime，youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard．Finally，whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime，youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。I'minterestedinthecriminaljusticesystemofourcountry．Itseemstomethatsomethinghastobedone，ifwe’reto26asacountry．Icertainlydon’tknowwhattheanswerstoourproblemsare．Thingscertainlyget27inahurrywhenyougetintothem，butlwonderifsomethingcouldn’tbedonetodealwithsomeoftheseproblems．OnethingI'mconcernedaboutisourpracticeofputting28injailwhohaven’tharmedanyone．Whynotworkoutsomesystemwherebytheycanpaybackthedebtstheyowesocietyinsteadof29anotherdebtbygoingtoprisonand，ofcourse，coming‘30hardenedcriminals．I'malsoconcernedabouttheshortprisonsentencespeopleare31seriouscrimes．Ofcourseonealternativetothisisto32capitalpunishment，butI'mnotsurelwouldbeforthat．I'mnotsureit’srighttotakeaneyeforaneye．Thealternativetocapitalpunishmentislongersentences。buttheywouldcertainlycostthetaxpayersmuchmoney．Ialsothinkwemustdosomethingabouttheinsanity33．Inmyopinion，anyonewhotakesanotherperson’slife34isinsane，however，thatdoesnotmeanthatthepersonisn’tguiltyofthecrime，orthatheshouldn’tpaysocietythedebtheowes．It’ssad，ofcourse，thatapersonmayhavetospendtherestofhislife，oralargepartofitinprisonforactsthathe35whilenotinfullcontrolofhismind．PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections：／nthissection，thereisapassagewithtenblanks．Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblank#omalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage．Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices．Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter．PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre．Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebarnkmorethanonce．Questions36t045arebasedonthefollowingpassage．Travelwebsiteshavebeenaroundsincethel990s，whenExpedia，Travelocity，andotherholidaybookingsiteswerelaunched，allowingtravelerstocompareflightandhotelpriceswiththeclickofaInouse．Withinformationnolonger36bytravel．agentsorhiddeninbusinessnetworks，thetravelindustrywasrevolutionized，asgreatertransparencyhelped37prices．Today．theindustryisgoingthroughanewrevolution--thistimetransformingservicequality．Onlineratingplatforms--38inhotels，restaurants，apartments，andtaxis--allowtravelerstoexchangereviewsandexperiencesforalltoseeHospitalit)．"businessesarenowranked，analyzed，andcomparednotbyindustry39，butbytheverypeopleforwhomtheserviceisintended--thecustomer．Thishas40anewrelationshipbetweenbuyerandseller.Customershavealwaysvotedwiththeirfeet;theycannowexplaintheirdecisiontoanyonewhoisinterested.Asaresult,businessesaremuchmore41,ofteninveryspecificways,whichcreatespowerful42toimproveservice.Althoughsomereadersmightnotcareforgossipyreportsofunfriendlybellboys(行李员)inBerlinormalfunctioninghotelhairdryersinHouston,thetruepowerofonlinereviewsliesnotjustintheindividualstories,butinthewebsites'43toaggregatealargevolumeofratings.Theimpactcannotbe44Businessesthatattracttopratingscanenjoyrapidgrowth,asnewcustomersareattractedbygoodreviewsand45provideyetmorepositivefeedback.Sogreatistheinfluenceofonlineratingsthatmanycompaniesnowhiredigitalreputationmanagerstoensureafavorableonlineidentity.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)accountableB.capacityC.controlledD.entailE)forgedF)incentivesG)occasionallyH)overstatedI)persistingJ)pessimisticK)professionalsL)slashM)specializingN)spectatorsO)subsequentlySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteron,AnswerSheet2.PlasticSurgeryAbettercreditcardisthesolutiontoeverlargerhackattacksA.Athinmagneticstrip(magstripe)isallthatstandsbetweenyourcredit-cardinformationandthebadguys.Andthey'vebeenworkinghardtobreakin.That'swhy2014isshapingupasamajorshowdown:banks,lawenforcementandtechnologycompaniesarealltryingtostopanetworkofhackerswhoaresucceedinginstealingaccountnumbers,names,emailaddressesandothercrucialdatausedinidentitytheft.Morethan100millionaccountsatTarget,NeimanMarcusandMichaelsstoreswereaffectedinsomewayduringthemostrecentattacks,startinglastNovember.B.Swipe(刷卡)istheoperativeword:cardsareincreasinglyvulnerabletoattackswhenyoumakepurchasesinastore.Inseveralrecentincidents,hackershavebeenabletoobtainmassiveinformationofcredit-,debit-(借记)orprepaid-cardnumbersusingmalware,i.e.malicioussoftware,insertedsecretlyintotheretailers'point-of-salesystem--thecheckoutregisters.Hackersthensoldthedatatoasecondgroupofcriminalsoperatinginshadowycornersoftheweb.Notlongafter,thestolendatawasshowinguponfakecardsandbeingusedforonlinepurchases.C.Thesolutioncouldcostaslittleas$2extraforeverypieceofplasticissued.ThefixisasecuritytechnologyusedheavilyoutsidetheUS.WhileAmericancreditcardsusethe40-year-oldmagstripetechnologytoprocesstransactions,muchoftherestoftheworldusessmartercardswithatechnologycalledEMV(shortforEuropay,MasterCard,VisA.thatemploysachipembeddedinthecardplusacustomerPIN(personalidentificationnumber~toauthenticate(验证)everytransactiononthespot.IfapurchaserfailstopunchinthecorrectPINatthecheckout,thetransactiongetsrejected.(Onlinepurchasescanbemadebysettingupaseparatetransactioncode.)D.Whyhaven'tbigbanksadoptedthemoresecuretechnology?Whenitcomestomailingoutnewcreditcards,it'sallaboutrelativecosts,saysDavidRobertson,whorunstheNilsonReport,anindustrynewsletter."Thecostofthecard,puttingthestickeronit,codingtheaccountnumberandexpirationdate,embossing(凸印)it,thesmallenvelope--allputtogether,you'reinthedollarrange."Achip-and．PrNcardcurrentlycostscloserto$3，saysRobertson，becauseofthepriceofchips．(Oncelargeissuersconverttogether，thechipcostsshoulddrop．)E)MultiplyS3bythemorethan5billionmagstripecreditandprepaidcardsincirculationintheUS．Thenconsiderthatthere’sanestimated$12．4billionincardfraudonaglobalbasis，saysRobertson．With44eoofthatintheUS，Americancredit．cardfraudamountstoabout$5．5billionannually．CardissuershavesofarcalculatedthatabsorbingtheliabilityforevenbighacksliketheTargetoneisstillcheaperthanreplacingallthatplastic．F)ThatleavesAmericanretailersprettymuchalonetheworldoverinrelyingonmagstripetechnologytochargepurchases--andleavesconsumersvulnerable．Eachmagstripehasthreetracksofinformation，explainspaymentssecurityexpertJeremyGumbley，thechieftechnologyofficerofCreditCall，anelectronic．paymentscompany．Thefirstandthirdareusedbythebankorcardissuer．Yourvitalaccountinformationlivesonthesecondtrack，whichhackerstrytocapture．“Malwareisscanningthroughthememoryinrealtimeandlookingfordata．”hesays．“Itcreatesatextfilethatgetsstolen．’’G)Chip-and—PINcards，bycontrast，makefakecardsorskimmingimpossiblebecausetheinformationthatgetsscannedisencrypted(加密)．ThehistoricalreasontheUShasstuckwithmagstripe，ironicallyenough．isoncesuperiortechnology．Ourcheap，ultra·reliablewirednetworksmadecredit-cardauthenticationoverthephonefrictionless．InFrance，cardcompaniescreatedEMVinpartbecausethetelephonemonopolywassomaddeninglyinefficientandexpensive．TheEMVsolutionallowedtransactionstobeverifiedlocallyandsecurely．H)Somebigbanks，likeWellsFar90，arenowofferingtoconvertyourmagstripecardtoachip—and-PINmodel．(It’sactuallyahybrid(混合体)thatwillstillhaveamagstripe，sincemostUSmerchantsdon’thaveEMVterminals．)Shouldyoutakethemuponit?Ifyoutravelinternationally，theanswerisyes．I)Keepinmind，t00，thatcreditcardstypicallyhavebetterliabilityprotectionthandebitcards．Ifsomeoneusesyourcreditcardfraudulently(欺诈性地)，it'stheissuerormerchant，notyou,thattakesthehit．Debitcardshavedifferentliabilitylimitsdependingonthebankandtheeventssurroundinganyfraud．“Ifit’savailable。thelogicalthingistogetachip·and-PINcardfromyourbank．”saysEricAdamowsky。ac0．founderofCreditCardlnsider．eom．“lwouldusecreditcardsoverdebitcardsbecauseofliabilityissues．”Cashstillworksprettywellt00．J)Retailersandbanksstandtobenefitfromthelowerfraudlevelsofchip-and-PINcardsbuthavebeenreluctantforyearstoinvestinthenewinfrastructure(基础设施)neededforthetechnology，especiallyifconsumersdon’thaveaccesstoit．It’sachicken-and-eggproblem．．noonewantstospendthemoneyonupgradedpoint．of．salesystemsthatcanreadthechipcardsifshoppersaren7tcarryingthem——vetthere’slittlepointinconsumers’carryingthefancyplasticifstoresaren’tequippedtousethem．(AnearliereffortbyTargettomovetochipandPINnevergainedprogress．)AccordingtoGumbley．there’sa“you．firstmentality．Thelogjam(僵局)hastobebroken．”K)JPMorganChaseCEOJamieDimonrecentlyexpressedhiswillingnesstodos0，notingthatbanksandmerchantshavespentthepastdecadesuingeachotheroverinterchangefees--thepercentageofthetransactionpricetheykeep—ratherthandealwiththegrowinghackingproblem．Chaseoffersachip-enabledcardunderitsownbrandandseveralothersfortravel．relatedcompaniessuchasBritishAirwaysandRitz—Carlton．L)TheTargetandNeimanhackshavealsochangedthecostcalculation：althoughretailershavebeenreluctanttospendthe$6．75billionthatCapgeminiconsultantsestimateitwilltaketoconvertalltheirregisterstobechip-and．PIN．compatible，thepotentialliabilitytheynowfaceisdramaticallygreater．Targethasbeenhitwithclassactionsfromhackedconsumers．“It’stheultimatenightmare，’’aretailexecutivefromawell．knownchainadmittedtoTIME．M)111ecard．paymentcompaniesMasterCardandVisaarepushinghardforchange．Thetwofirmshavewarnedallpartiesinthetransactionchain--merchant，network，bankthatiftheydon’tbecomeEMV—compliantbyOctober2015，thepartythatisleastcompliantwillbearthefraudrisk．N)Inthemeantime，app-equippedsmartphonesanddigitalwallets--allofwhichcanuseEMVtechnology—arebeginningtomakeinroads(侵袭)oncardsandcash．PayPal，forinstance，istestinganappthatletsyouuseyourmobilephonetopayontheflyatlocalmerchants--withoutsurrenderinganycardinformationtothem．Andfurtherdowntheroadisbiometricauthentication，whichcouldbeencryptedwith，say，afingerprint．O)Creditanddebitcards，though，aregoingtobewithusfortheforeseeablefuture，andsoarehackers，ifwestickwithmagstripetechnology．“Itseemscrazytome，”saysGumbley，whoisEnglish，“thatacuttin9。edge‘technologycountryisdependingona40·year-oldtechnology．”That’swhyitmaybeuptoconsumerstomovetheneedleonchipandPIN．SaysRobertson：“Whenyougettheconsumerintoapositionofworryandinconvenience，that’swheretherubberhitstheroad．”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46．ItisbesttouseanEMVcardforinternationaltravel．47．Personalinformationoncreditanddebitcardsisincreasinglyvulnerabletohackin9．48．TheFrenchcardcompaniesadoptedEMVtechnologypartlybecauseofinefficienttelephoneservice．49．WhilemanycountriesusethesmarterEMVcards，theUSstillclingstoitsoldmagstripetechnologv．50．Attemptsarebeingmadetopreventhackersfromcarryingoutidentitytheft．51．Creditcardsaremuchsafertousethandebitcards．52．Bigbankshavebeenreluctanttoswitchtomoresecuretechnologybecauseofthehighercostsinvolved．53.Thepotentialliabilityforretailersusingmagstripeisfarmorecostlythanupgradingtheirregisters．54．TheuseofmagstripecardsbyAmericanretailersleavesconsumersexposedtotherisksoflosingaccountinformation．55．ConsumerswillbeadrivingforcebehindtheconversionfrommagstripetoF_．MVtechnology．SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection．Eachpassageisfollm,rdbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements．ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.，B.，C.andD.．YoushoulddecideDnthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre．PassageOneQuestions56t060arebasedonthefollowingpassage．ThereportfromtheBureauofLaborStatisticswasjustasgloomyasanticipated．UnemploymentinJanuaryjumpedtoal6一yearhighof7．6percent，as598000jobswereslashedfromUSpayrollsintheworstsingle-monthdeclinesinceDecember，1974．Withl．8millioniobslostinthelastthreemonths．thereisurgentdesiretoboosttheeconomyasquicklyaspossible．ButWashingtonwoulddowelltotakeadeepbreathbeforereactingtothegrimnumbers．Collectively，werelyontheunemploymentfiguresandotherstatisticstoframeoursenseofreality．Theyareavitalpartofanarrayofdatathatweusetoassessifwe’redoingwellordoingbadly，andthatinturnshapesgovernmentpoliciesandcorporatebudgetsandpersonalspendingdecisions．Theproblemisthatthestatisticsaren’tanobjectivemeasureofreality；theyaresimplyabestapproximation．Directionally，theycapturethetrends，buttheideathatweknowpreciselyhowmanyareunemployedisamyth．Thatmakesfindingasolutionallthemoredifficult．First，thereisthewaythedataisassembled．Theofficialunemploymentrateistheproductofatelephonesurveyofabout60000homes．Thereisanothersurvey，sometimesreferredtoasthe“payrollsurvey，”thatassesses400000businessesbasedontheirreportedpayrolls．Bothsurveyshaveproblems．Thepayrollsurveycaneasilydouble-countsomeone：ifyouareonepersonwithtwojobs，youshowupastwoworkers．Thepayrollsurveyalsodoesn’tcapturethenumberofself．employed，andsosayslittleabouthowmanypeoplearegeneratinganindependentincome．Thehouseholdsurveyhasalargerproblem．Whenaskedstraightforwardly，peopletendtolieorshadethetruthwhenthesubjectissex，moneyoremployment．Ifyougetacallandareaskedifyou’reemployed．andyousayyes，you’reemployed．Ifyousayn0，however，itmaysurpriseyoutolearnthat．Youareonlyunemployedifyou’vebeenactivelylookingforworkinthepastfourweeks；otherwise，youare。marginallyattachedtothelaborforce”andnotactuallyunemployed．11leurgetoquantifyisembeddedinoursociety．Buttheideathatstatisticianscanthencaptureanobjectiverealin-im’tjustimpossible．Italsoleadstoseriousmisjudgments．DemocratsandRepublicanscanand、“Utakesidesonanumberofissues，butamorecrucialconcernisthatbotharebasingmajorpoticydecisionsonguesstimatesratherthanlookingatthevastwealthofrawdatawithacriticaleyeandanopenmind．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56．Whatd0welearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.1meUSeconomicsituationisgoingfrombadtoworse．B.Washingtonistakingdrasticmeasurestoprovidemorejobs．C.111eUSgovernmentisslashingmorejobsfromitspayrolls．D.TherecenteconomiccrisishastakentheUSbysurprise．57．、Ⅳhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheunemploymentfiguresandotherstatistics?A.Theyformasolidbasisforpolicymakin9．B.The．yrepresentthecurrentsituation．C.Theysignalfutureeconomictrend．D.Theydonotfullyreflectthereality．58．Oneproblemwiththepayrollsurveyisthat________．A.itdoesnotincludeallthebusinessesB.itfailstocountintheself—employedC.itmagnifiesthenumberofthejoblessD.itdoesnottreatallcompaniesequally59．111ehouseholdsurveycanbefaultyinthat_________．A)peopletendtoliewhentalkingonthephoneB.noteverybodyiswillingorreadytorespondC.somepeoplewon’tprovidetruthfulinformationD.thedefinitionofunemploymentistoobroad60．Attheendofthepassage，theauthorsuggeststhat_______．A.statisticiansimprovetheirdataassemblingmethodsB.decisionmakersviewthestatisticswithacriticaleyeC.politicianslistenmorebeforemakingpolicydecisionsD.DemocratsandRepublicanscooperateoncrucialissuesPassageTwoQuestions61t065arebasedonthefollowingpassage．Atsomepointin2008，someone，probablyineitherAsiaorAfrica，madethedecisiontomovefromthecountrysidetothecity．Thisnamelesspersonpushedthehumanraceoverahistoricthreshold，foritwasinthatyearthatmankindbecame，forthefirsttimeinitshistory，apredominantlyurbanspecies．Itisatrendthatshowsnosignofslowin9．Demographers(人口统计学家)reckonthatthree—quartersofhumanitycouldbecity-dwellingby2050，withmostoftheincreasecominginthefast-growingtownsofAsiaandAfrica．Migrantstocitiesareattractedbyplentifuljobs，accesstohospitalsandeducation，andtheabilitytoescapetheboredomofafarmer’sagriculturallife．Thosefactorsaremorethanenoughtomakeupforthesqualor(肮脏)，diseaseandspectacularpovertythatthosesamemigrantsmustoftenatfirstendurewhentheybecomeurbandwellers．ItisthecitythatinspiresthelatestbookfromPeterSmith．Hismainthesisisthatthebuzzofurbanlife．andtheopportunitiesitoffersforco-operationandcollaboration，iswhatattractspeopletothecity，whichinturnmakescitiesintotheenginesofart，commerce，scienceandprogress．ThisishardlyrevolutionaD-．tmtitispresentedinacharmingformat．Mr．Smithhaswrittenabreezyguidebook，withaseriesofshortchaptersdedicatedtospecificaspectsofurbanity--parks，say，orthevariousschemesthathavebeenputforwardovertheyearsforbuildingtheperfectcity．Theresultisasortofhigh．qfuah巧．tmttsuallyrigorouscoffee-tablebook，designedtobedippedintoratherthanreadfrombeginningtoend．Inthechapteronskyscrapers，forexample，Mr．Smithtouchesonconstructionmethods．therevolutionaryinventionoftheautomaticlift，thepracticalitiesoflivingintheskyandthelikelihoodthat．ascitiesbecomemorecrowded，apartmentlivingwillbecomethenorm．Butthereisalsotimeforbriefdiversionsontobizarreground，suchasadiscussionoftheskyscraperindex(whichholdsthataboominskyscraperconstructionisafoolproofsignofanimminentrecession)．Oneobviouscriticismisthatthepriceofbreadthisdepth；manyofMr．Smith’sessaysraiseasmanyquestionsastheyanswer．Althoughthatcanindeedbefrustratin9，thisisprobablytheonlywaytotreatsograndatopic．Thecityisthebuildingblockofcivilisationandofalmosteverythingpeopled0；aguidelx)oktothecityisreally，therefore，aguidebooktohowalargeandever—growingchunkofhumanitychoosestolive．Mr．Smith’sbookservesasanexcellentintroductiontoavastsubject，andwillsuggestplentyoffurtherlinesofinquiry．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。61．Inwhatwayistheyear2008historic?A.Forthefirsttimeinhistory，urbanpeopleoutnumberedruralpeople．B.Aninfluentialfiguredecidedtomovefromthecountrysidetothecity．C.ItisinthisyearthaturbanisationmadeastartinAsiaandAfrica．D.ThepopulationincreaseincitiesreachedanewpeakinAsiaandAfrica．62．Whatdoestheauthorsayabouturbanisation?A.Itsimpactisnoteasytopredict．B.Itsprocesswillnotslowdown．C.Itisamilestoneinhumanprogress．D.Itaggravatesthesqualorofcities．63．HowdoestheauthorcommentonPeterSmith’snewbook?A.Itisbutanordinarycoffee—tablebook．B.Itisflavouredwithhumourousstories．C.Itservesasaguidetoartsandcommerce．D.Itiswritteninalivelyandinterestingstyle．64．Whatdoestheauthorsayinthechapteronskyscrapers?A.Theautomaticliftisindispensableinskyscrapers．B.Peopleenjoylivinginskyscraperswithaview．C.Skyscrapersareasuresignofacity’sprosperity．D.Recessioncloselyfollowsaskyscraperboom．65．WhatmaybeonecriticismofMr．Smith’sbook?A)Itdoesnotreallytouchonanythingserious．B.Itistoolongforpeopletoreadfromcovertocover．C.Itdoesnotdealwithanyaspectofcitylifeindepth．D.Itfailstoprovidesoundadviceto