2018管理类联考：历年英语试题

2018考硏管理类联考：历年英语试题(8)2018考硏，真题是最有价值的参考复习资料，对于2018工商管理硕士考硏的同学来说，大家一定要把真题多做几遍，这样才能够更好地理解出题的方向和模式，从而有助于自己合理的规划和安排自己的复习计划。下面是小编和考生分享的关于考硏管理类联考的英语试题，供考生们参考！Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C,Donanswersheet1(10points)TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconJune11,2009.Itisthefirstworldwideepidemic___1___bytheWordHealthOrganizationin41years.Theheightenedalert2___anemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatassembledafterasharpriseincasesinAustralia,andrising3___inBritain,Japan,Chileandelsewhere.Buttheepidemicis”4”inseverity,accordingtoMargaretChan,theorganization'sdirectorgeneral,5___theoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsexperiencingonlymildsymptomsandafullrecovery,ofteninthe6___ofanymedicaltreatment.Theoutbreakcametoglobal7inlateApril2009,whenMexicanauthoritiesnotedanunusuallylargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeaths___8healthyadults.AsmuchofMexicoCityshutdownattheheightofapanic,casesbeganto9inNewYorkCity,thesouthwesternUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofade10warmerweatherarrived.ButinlateSeptember2009,officialsreportedtherewas___11__fluactivityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyallthe12testedarethenewswineflu,alsoknownas(A)H1N1,notseasonalflu.IntheU.S,ithas13morethanonemillionpeople,andcausedmorethan600deathsandmorethan6,000hospitalizations.Federalhealthofficials14___Tamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstockpileandbegan___15___ordersfromthestatesforthenewswinefluvaccine.Thenewvaccine,whichisdifferentfromtheannualfluvaccine,is16___aheadofexpectations.MorethanthreemilliondosesweretobemadeavailableinearlyOctober2009,thoughmostofthose___17__dosewereoftheFluMistnasalspraytype,whichisnot18___forpregnantwomen,peopleover50orthosewithbreathingdifficulties,heartdiseaseorseveralother___19__.Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinotherhigh-riskgroup,healthcareworkers,people___20infantsandhealthyyoungpeople.[A]criticized[B]appointed[C]commented[D]designated[A]proceeded[B]activated[C]followed[D]prompted[A]digits[B]numbers[C]amounts[D]sums[A]moderate[B]normal[C]unusual[D]extreme[A]with[B]in[C]from[D]by[A]progress[B]absence©presence[D]favor[A]reality[B]phenomenon[C]concept[D]notice[A]over[B]for[C]among[D]to[A]stayup[B]cropup[C]fillup[D]coverup[A]as[B]if[C]unless[D]until[A]excessive[B]enormous[©significant[D]magnificent[A]categories[B]examples[C]patterns[D]samples[A]imparted[B]immersed[C]injected[D]infected[A]released[B]relayed[C]relieved[D]remained[A]placing[B]delivering[C]taking[D]giving[A]feasible[B]available[C]reliable[D]applicable[A]prevalent[B]principal[C]innovative[D]initial[A]presented[B]restricted[C]recommended[D]introduced[A]problems[B]issues[C]agonies[D]sufferings[A]involvedin[B]caringfor[C]concernedwith[D]wardingoffSectionIIReadingcomprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CandD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,“BeautifulInsideMyHeadForever”,atSothebysinLondononSeptember15th2008(seepicture).Allbuttwopiecessold,fetchingmorethana70m,arecordforasalebyasingleartist.Itwasalasthurrah.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbankruptcy.Theworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingvertiginouslysince2003.Atitspeakin2007itwasworthsome$65billion,reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirm—doublethefigurefiveyearsearlier.Sincethenitmayhavecomedownto$50billion.Butthemarketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauseitbringstogethergreatwealth,enormousegos,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.MBA加油站IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMrHirst'ssale,spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable,especiallyinNewYork,wherethebail-outofthebankscoincidedwiththelossofthousandsofjobsandthefinancialdemiseofmanyart-buyinginvestors.Intheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstayedawayfromgalleriesandsalerooms.Salesofcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,andinthemostoverheatedsector—forChinesecontemporaryart—theyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember2008.Withinweekstheworld'stwobiggestauctionhouses,SothebysandChristie's,hadtopayoutnearly$200minguaranteestoclientswhohadplacedworksforsalewiththem.ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989,amovethatstartedthemostseriouscontractioninthemarketsincethesecondworldwar.Thistimeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,thoughsomehavebeenfarmorevolatile.ButEdwardDolman,Christieschiefexecutive,says:“Tmprettyconfidentwe'reatthebottom.”Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesays,isthattherearestillbuyersinthemarket,whereasintheearly1990s,wheninterestrateswerehigh,therewasnodemandeventhoughmanycollectorswantedtosell.Christie'srevenuesinthefirsthalfof2009werestillhigherthaninthefirsthalfof2006.Almosteveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackofgoodworktosell.ThethreeDs—death,debtanddivorce—stilldeliverworksofarttothemarket.Butanyonewhodoesnothavetoselliskeepingaway,waitingforconfidencetoreturn.21.1nthefirstparagraph,DamienHirst'ssalewasreferredtoas“alastvictoryHbecause-.theartmarkethadwitnessedasuccessionofvictoryiestheauctioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesatthehighestbidsBeautifulInsideMyHeadForeverwonoverallmasterpiecesitwassuccessfullymadejustbeforetheworldfinancialcrisisBysaying“spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable"(Line1-2,Para.3),theauthorsuggeststhat.A.collectorswerenolongeractivelyinvolvedinart-marketauctionsB.peoplestoppedeverykindofspendingandstayedawayfromgalleriesC.artcollectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreatextentD.worksofartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashionsotheywerenotworthbuyingWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTture?A.Salesofcontemporaryartfelldramaticallyfrom2007to2008.Theartmarketsurpassedmanyotherindustriesinmomentum.Themarketgenerallywentdownwardinvariousways.Someartdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestocome.ThethreeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphareauctionhouses'favoritescontemporarytrendsfactorspromotingartworkcirculationstylesrepresentingimpressionistsThemostappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe___FluctuationofArtPricesUp-to-dateArtAuctionsArtMarketinDeclineShiftedInterestinArtsText2IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom--awomen'sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkativefrequentlyofferingideasandanecdoteswhilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'ttalktothem.Thismanquicklyconcurred.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid"She'sthetalkerinourfamily."Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."It'strue"heexplained."WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'tkeeptheconversationgoingwe'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence."ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate'70s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook"DivorceTalk"thatmostofthewomensheinterviewed--butonlyafewofthemen-gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear--avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaningcookingsocialarrangementsanderrands.Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication:"Hedoesn'tlistentome""Hedoesn'ttalktome."IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisfacewhileawomanglaresatthebackofitwantingtotalk.Whatismostwives'mainexpectationoftheirhusbands?Talkingtothem.Trustingthem.Supportingtheircareers.Shsringhousework.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans___.Ageneratingmotivation.exertinginfluencecausingdamageDcreatingpressureAIIofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTmentendtotalkmoreinpublictanwomennearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversationwomenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouplesDafemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouseWhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemianideaofthistextThemoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.Marriagebreak_upstemsfromsexinequalities.Husbandandwofehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.3O.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocusonavividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalkadetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoonotherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.DabriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHackerTxet3overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likehandwashingwithsoap,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan'tfigureouthowtochangepeople'shabits,”Dr.Curtissaid.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers'livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.Ifyoulookhardenough,youllfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidritdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,”saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers'lives,anditsessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap.shouldbefurthercultivatedshouldbechangedgraduallyaredeepiyrootedinhistoryarebasicallyprivateconcernsBottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soastorevealtheirimpactonpeople'habitsshowtheurgentneedofdailynecessitiesindicatetheireffectonpeople'buyingpowermanifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabitswhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople'shabits?TideCrestColgateUnilverFromthetextwekonwthatsomeofconsumer'shabitsaredevelopedduetoperfectedartofproductsautomaticbehaviorcreationcommercialpromotionsscientificexperimentstheauthor'sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople'shabitsisindifferentnegativepositivebiasedText4ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.Butasrecentlyasin1986,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofstrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonllyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,welearnthatbothlitcrateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuriesdefendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeersnoagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryservicejudgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublicThepracticeofselectingso—calledelitejurorspriorto1968showedtheinadcquavyofantidiscriminationlawstheprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainracestheconflictingidealsinjuryselectionproceduresEveninthe1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbecausetheywereautomaticallybannedbystatelawstheyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualificationstheyweresupposedtoperformdomesticdutiestheytendedtoevadepublicengagementAftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed.___sexdiscriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolishededucationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurorsjurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunitystatesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem4O.indiscussingtheUSjurysystem,thetextcentersonitsnatureandproblemsitscharacteristicsandtraditionitsproblemsandtheirsolutionsitstraditionanddevelopmentSection皿TranslationDirections:InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability”hasbecomeapopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthougheverydayactionandchoice.Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He'dbeenthoughthedot-comboomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.Itdidin'tgowell.“Itwasareallyhadmovebecausethat'snotmypassion,”saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.“Iwasmiserable,IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,‘Justwait,you'lltrunthecorner,giveitsometime.'”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。Ning回忆起20世纪90年代末期卖保险的那段迷茫时光，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂地找工作，并且与Boulder代理机构签了约。事情进展并不顺利，TedNing说到：“那真是个糟糕的选择，因为我对此没有激情，”可以预料，他把工作中的矛盾能解释为没有业务。Ning说：“我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花板，我没钱，我需要工作，每个人都说’等吧，只要有耐心会好转的。’”Directions:YouhavejustcomebackfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-Americanculturalexchangeprogram.WritealettertoyourAmericancolleagueto1)Expressyourthanksforhis/herwarmreception;2)Welcomehim/hertovisitChinainduecourse.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Don