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动名词的用法动名词的用法动名词的用法V:1.0精细整理,仅供参考动名词的用法日期:20xx年X月动名词的用法及练习你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun);但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗?
1.Thegirlissingingasong.2.Thegirlsingingnowismysister.3.Singingisoneofherhobbies(爱好).一、名词性的动名词(NominalGerund)NominalGerund可以加上定冠词(Definitearticle,如the)或不定冠词(Indefinitearticle,如a,an),其他可加在动名词前的还有如:my,this,some,any,all,no等等。举例如下:1.Themellow(愉快地)singingofthebirdsannouncesthecomingofspring.(singing前加定冠词the及形容词mellow;coming前加the)2.Weknewtherobberwasnearwhenweheardafaintrustling(沙沙声)inthebushes.(rustling前加不定冠词a及形容词faint)从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词;但它和真正的名词还是有区别的,那就是没有单数或复数之分。不过,有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔,如:saying,writing,opening,painting,cutting,heading,feeling,being,saving,surrounding,crossing,misunderstanding等等。它们都可以有复数的喔,方法就是在它们的后面加个s,如:paintings。二、动词性的动名词(VerbalGerund)
看看下面的句子:
Carelesslywritingessaysannoystheteacher.
上面的句子里的writing是动名词,但前面有副词carelessly(粗心地),后面又有受词(Object)essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。
注意:VerbalGerund这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the,a,an...)喔。
动名词的功能与用法
一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(SubjectComplement):
作主语
1.Listeningtomusicgivesmepleasure.(主语Listening)
2.Runningisgoodexercise.(主语running)
3.Walkingtoschoolisagoodidea.(主语walking)
作主语的补语1.Mycat'sfavoriteactivityissleeping.(补语sleeping)
2.Seeingisbelieving.(主语seeing,补语believing)
主语置于句尾用It+be+...+v-ing句型
1.ItisfunspeakingEnglish.
2.Itisofgreatimportancefightingagainstpollution(污染).
用Itis后接nouse.nogood,fun等的句型
1.Itisnouselearningtheorywithoutpractice.
2.Itisnofunbeinglostinrain.
用Itis后接useless,nice,good,interesting,worthwhile等的句型
1.Itisworthwhiletakingthisintoconsideration.
用There+be+no+v-ing的句型
1.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.
2.Thereisnogettingalongwithhim.(简直无法与他相处)
二、动名词也可以作宾语(Object)
作动词/动词短语的宾语(置于动词或动词短语的后面)
1.Icannothelplaughing.(我禁不住笑了起来)(宾语laughing)
2.Youshouldavoidquarrellingwithyoursister.(宾语quarrelling)
3.YoushouldpracticespeakingEnglishmore.(宾语speaking)
注意:上面三个句子中的动词:help,avoid,practice只能用动名词作宾语。这类动词还有:
dislike厌恶admit接受repent后悔acknowledge承认
enjoy享受escape避免deny否认postpone延迟
resent怨恨mind介意miss错过risk冒风险
finish完成avoid避免delay耽误consider认为
fancy想象excuse原谅include包括imagine想象
resist抵制suggest建议……
还有短语类:
keep(on)继续don'tmind不介意cannothelp不禁giveup放弃
putoff延迟leaveoff停止burstout闯出……
再请注意:有一些动词除了可接动名词外,也可接不定词(infinitive)。例子如下:
1.Ipreferlivinginanapartment.(动词prefer接动名词living)
2.Iprefertoliveinanapartment.(动词prefer接不定词tolive)
像上面两个句子的意思没什么不同。如prefer这一类的动词还有:
allowdeserveneglectattemptfearomitbeginhate
permitbotherintendceaselikerecommendcontinuelove
startstopforgetregretproposetrycontinueremember
need……
其实如hate,love,like之类动词,接动名词和接不定词的句子,意思是会有些不同的,这就留给大家去研究吧,hihi……
作介词(Preposition)的宾语(Object)
1.I'msorryforgivingyousomuchtrouble.(介词for,宾语giving)
2.Thebookisworthreading.(介词worth,宾语reading)
3.Ireachedhimbycallinghisoffice.(介词by,宾语calling)
4.Thepolicearrested(逮捕)himforspeeding.(介词for,宾语speeding)
注意:在下列的句子结构中,介词in被省略掉:
1.Sheisbusy(in)correctingherexercises.
2.Hespenttwohours(in)readingbook.
3.Thereisnouse(in)talkingwithhimnow.
4.Isitanygood(in)takingcoldwaterbaths?
作"名词+介词"的宾语
请看下列的句子:
1.Ihavethepleasureofspeakingtothefamousauthor.(pleasureof+宾语speaking)
2.Hetakesagreatinterestinstudyinglanguages.(interestin+宾语studying)
这一类"名词+介词"的还有:
dangeroffearofobjectionto
delighttohabitofopportunityfor/of
excuseforexperienceinlovein
reasonfor……
三、句子中动名词的逻辑主语(ImpliedSubject)
什么是动名词的逻辑主语呢在句子中,除了原有的主语之外,属于动名词的"主语",也就称为"逻辑主语",一般位于动名词的前面。
在动名词前加"物主代词(如:my,his...)"或"名词所有格(如:Mary's,Dog's...)"
1.Hiscomingherehelpedusalot.(主语/逻辑主语his,动名词coming)
2.Tom'sescapingfromtheprisonmadetroubleforthejailer.(主语/逻辑主语Tom,动名词escaping)
作宾语(Object)的动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,在动名词前加"物主代词"或"名词所有格"
1.Doyoumindmysmokingintheromm(逻辑主语my,动名词smoking)
2.HeinsistedonMary'sstayingthere.(逻辑主语Mary,动名词staying)
注意:作为逻辑主语的名词/代词为无生命时,则用通格(ofthe):
1.Icannotsaythereisnofearofthenewsspreadingamongintimatefriends.(逻辑主语news)
在下列情况中,不能使用所有格:
代词为all,both,each,few,several,some,this等作为逻辑主语时:
1.Irememberallofthemsayingit.
数词、名词化形容词(如thethree,theold...)作逻辑主语时:
1.Inspiteofthethreetellingthesamestory,Icouldnotbelieve
it.
结构中的逻辑主语是名子或短语,或受从句或短语修饰时:
1.Isthereanychanceofthepeopleinthebackoftheroomtalkingalittlelouder?
四、动名词的语态被动式(being+v-ed)
当动名词的逻辑主语所表示的是动作的对象时,动名词要用被动语态。
1.Hedislikesbeinginterrupted(被打岔)inhisspeech.
2.Theycouldn'tstandbeingtreated(被对待)likethat.
完成式(having+v-ed)
动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前,要用完成式。
1.Weregrethavingbeenunabletoinformyouofthemeeting.
2.Thestudents'havingdone(完成)theworksowellmadeusveryhappy.
完成式的被动语态(havingbeen+v-ed)
1.Iheardofhishavingbeenchosen(被选为)tobethecoachoftheteam.
2.Someofourcustomerscomplainedofhavingbeentreated(被对待)rudely.
在动词need,want,require,deserve之后的动名词(作为宾语),要用主动
语态来表示被动的意思。
1.Theflowersinthegardenwantwatering(需要浇水).
2.That'soneofthosequestionsthatreallydon'tneedanswering(不需回答).
五、作定语(Attribute)
动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语,表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。
1.sleepingcar卧车2.walkingstick手杖
3.printingshop印务馆4.readingroom阅读室
5.swimmingpool泳池6.washingmachine洗衣机7.diningroom饭厅
六、在英文正式语体里,动名词可放在前置词(Preposition)后,以替代副词/状语的子
句(AdverbialClauses)
例:1.Incasecustomersencounterdifficulties,theyshouldringthefollowingnumber:...
2.Incaseofencounteringdifficulties,customersshouldringthefollowingnumber:...
第二个句子的"Incaseof"动名词短句(GerundPhrase)取代第一个句子的"Incase"副词子句。
下列都是这类例子:
1.Inspiteofdoinghisbest,thepupilwasreproached.(Inspiteof)
2.Despitecomingintime,thevisitorswerenotadmitted.(despite)
3.Forallhisarguing,theteachercouldnotconvinceus.(forall)
4.Thefiremandistinguishedhimselfbydoinghisdutytotheutmost.(by)
5.Insendingusthebookyouprovedtobereliable.(In)
6.Insteadofblamingtheboy,theteacherencouragedhim.(insteadof)
7.Thegirlleftwithoutsayingaword.(without)
8.Theboywasblamedforbreakingthewindow.(for)
9.Thechildrengottiredfromlearningtoomuch.(from)
10.Afterspendingtheholidayswithus,ournephewwentbacktoEngland.(after)
11.Beforegoingtobed,Iopenedthewindow.(before)
12.Onarrivingatthestation,Johnwaswelcomedbyhisfriends.(on)
13.Sinceleavingschool,Ihavenotseenmyteacher.(since)
练习题
1)Markoftenattemptstoescape_D___wheneverheBReaksTRafficregulations.
A)shavingsbeenfinedB)tohavebeenfined
C)tobefinedD)beingfined
2)Mywifesaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate__D__fromyousometime.
A)tohaveheardB)tohearC)forhearingD)hearing
3)Thethieftookawaythewoman'swalletwithout__A__.
A)beingseenB)seeingC)himseeingD)seeinghim
4)Peopleappreciate_C___withhimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhumor.(CET-41998,1)
A)toworkB)tohaveworkedC)workingD)haveworking
5)I'veenjoyed_B___totalkwithyou.
A)tobeableB)beingableC)tobeenableD)ofbeingable
6)Noonecanavoid__B__byadvertisements.
A)tobeinfluencedB)beinginfluenced
C)influencingD)shavingsinfluence
7)Theyareconsidering__C__beforethepricesgoup.
A)ofbuyingthehouseB)withbuyingthehouse
C)buyingthehouseD)tobuythehouse
8)Hethoughtthat__C__.
A)theeffortdoingthejobwasnotworthB)theeffortwasnotworthindoingthejob
C)itwasnotworththeeffortdoingthejobD)itwasnotworththeeffortbydoingthejob
9)IfIhadremembered__A__thedoor,thethingswouldnothavebeenstolen.
A)tolockB)locking
C)tohavelockedD)shavingslocked
10)Yourshirtneeds___C_.You'dbetterhaveitdonetoday.
A)ironB)toironC)ironingD)beingironed
11)Youcan'thelp__C__commercials;everyfewminutestheprogramisinterruptedtogiveyouoneadvertisementoranother.
A)tohearB)tobeheardC)hearingD)withhearing
12)MyTRansistorradioisn'tworking.It_C___.
A)needrepairingB)needstorepair
C)needsrepairingD)needtoberepaired
13)Itisnouse_B___menottoworry.
A)youtellB)yourtelling
C)foryoutohavetoldD)shavingstold
14)Heisverybusy_B__hispapers.Heisfartoobusy____callers.
A)towrite...toreceiveB)writing...toreceive
C)writing...receivingD)towrite...forreceiving
15)Thesuspectatlastadmitted__A__stolengoodsbutdenied____them.
A)receiving...sellingB)toreceive...tosell
C)toreceiving...tosellingD)tohavereceived...tohavesold
16)Sheapologizedfor_A___tocome.
A)hernotbeingableB)herbeingnotable
C)notbeingableD)thatshe'snotableto
17)Ireallyappreciate_C___tohelpme,butIamsurethatIcanmanagebymyself.
A)youtoofferB)thatyouoffer
C)yourofferingD)thatyouareoffering
18)Pleasestop__D__,boys,Ihavesomethingimportantto____you.
A)saying...talkB)telling...say
C)talking...speakD)talking...tell
19)Tony,wouldyougoandseeifSamhasanydifficulty__B__histaperecorder
A)tofixB)fixingC)forfixingD)fix
20)"Whyisn'tNancygoingtomeetus""It'smyfault.Iforgotallabout__A__her."
A)telephoningtoB)totelephone
C)totelephonetoD)thetelephoningto
21)"Whywereyoulate""Ihadahardtime_D___upthismorning."
A)togetB)getC)gotD)getting
22)Iremember_B___tohelpusifweevergotsintosTRouble.
A)onceofferingB)himonceoffering
C)himtoofferD)toofferhim
23)Johnregretted__A__tothemeetinglastweek.
A)notgoingB)nottogo
C)notshavingsbeengoingD)nottobegoing
24)Itisdifficulttogetused__B_inatentaftershavingsasoft,comforTABLEbedtolieon.
A)sleepB)tosleeping
C)sleptD)tosleep
25)Hegivespeopletheimpression_C___manypoems.
A)ofshavingswrittenB)tohavewritten
C)ofbeingwrittenD)towrite
26)Doyoufeellike_D___outorwouldyourather____dinnerathome
A)going...tohaveB)togo...tohave
C)togo...havingD)going...have
27)Priorto_A___theformalspeech,firsthewillinTRoducehimself.
A)deliveringB)deliver
C)beingdeliveringD)beingdelivered
28)Idon'tmind__D__bybus,butIhate____inqueues.
A)toTRavel...standingB)shavingsTRaveled...standing
C)TRaveling...tostandD)TRaveling...standing
29)Whatabout___C_doublequantitiesofeverythingtodayWehavehardlytimetogo____nextweek.
A)buying...toshopB)buy...shopping
C)buying...shoppingD)tobuy...shopping
30)WehadsomeTRouble_B___thehouseandnobodyseemed____swheresitwas.
A)infinding...knowingB)finding...toknow
C)tofind...knowingD)tofind...toknow
31)Wecan'timagine_B___intheenTRanceexamination,forshehasneverbeentoschool.
A)shesucceedingB)hersucceeding
C)shesucceedD)hertosucceed
32)Idon'tlike__A__atme.
A)themlaughingB)theirlaugh
C)themlaughD)themtohavelaughed
33)Wesuggested_A___inhotelsbutthechildrenwereanxious____out.
A)sleeping...tocampB)sleeping...camping
C)tosleep...tocampD)tosleep...camping
34)IhavenoOBJECTion_B___theeveningwiththem.
A)tospendB)tospendingC)ofspendingD)spending
35)After__A__forthejob,youwillberequiredtotakealanguagetest.
A)beinginterviewedB)interviewed
C)interviewingD)shavingsinterviewed
36)Thematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembers___A_amatchwithoutastandardcourt.
A)OBJECTedtoshavingsB)wereOBJECTedtohave
C)OBJECTedtohaveD)wereOBJECTedtohaving
37)Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusy__C__forherexamination.
A)toprepareB)tobeprepared
C)preparingD)beingprepared
38)Itisnogood__A__remembergrammaticalrules.Youneedtopractisewhatyouhavelearned.
A)TRyingtoB)toTRyto
C)TRytoD)TRiedto
39)After__D__himbetter,Iregretted____himunfairly.
A)gettingtoknow...tojudge
B)gettingtoknow...tohavejudged
C)gettingtohaveknow...judging
D)gettingtoknow...havingjudged
40)Heislookingforwardto__C__hisholidayinBritain.
A)spendB)havespent
C)spendingD)shavingsbeenspending
41)Before__D__thehouse,youshouldgetasurveyor____overit.
A)buying...lookingB)shavingsbought...tolook
C)buying...tohavelookedD)buying...tolook
42)InsomecounTRiespeoplefavor__C__togethereventhoughthereismuchmorespace.
A)tostayB)stayC)stayingD)stayed
43)"WhywasFredsoupset""Heisn'tused_C___criticized."A)beB)tobeC)tobeingD)shavingsbeen
44)It'snouse_B___togetabargainthesedays.
A)toexpectB)expecting
C)wantingD)youexpect
45)"Whywereyousolateforworktoday""__A__totheofficewasveryslowthismorningbecauseoftheTRaffic."
A)DrivingB)Idrove
C)TodriveD)ThatIdrove
46)Itwasimpoliteofhim__A__without____good-bye.
A)toleave,sayingB)leaving,tosay
C)toleave,tosayD)leaving,saying
47)Hekept__C__tohisparents.
A)puttingofftowriteB)toputofftowrite
C)puttingoffwritingD)toputoffwriting
48)I'llgowithyouafterIgetthroughwith_A___thehouse.
A)cleaningB)tocleaning
C)tobecleanedD)shavingscleaned
49)Withapplesat25centsapound,wecouldn'tresist__C__fourpounds.
A)totakeB)tookC)takingD)havetaken
50)Howcanyoukeepthemachine_C___whenyouareaway
A)runB)torunC)runningD)beingrun
动名词
Ⅰ.单项选择(45%)
oneenjoys(C)at.
laugh
laughedbelaughed
mustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse(B).
bebrokeninbeingbrokenin
breakinbreakingin
insistedon(C)anotherchancetotry.
givenbegiven
4.—WhereismypassportIremember(C)ithere.
—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Rememberitwithyouallthetime.
put;totake;taking
;totakeput;taking
roomneeds(A),sohemusthaveit
;painted;painting
;painting;painted
finishinghishomeworkhewenton(D)alettertohisparents.
write
youngtreesweplantedlastweekrequire(A)withgreatcare.
afterlookafterbelookedaftergoodcareof
(D)Englishdoesn'tmean()thelanguage.
learn;tolearn;learning
about;learnabout;learning
returnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething(C).
bemissingbemissed
decidedtodevoteherself(C)theproblemofoldage.
studystudying
(C)thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.
backbackputbackputback
sheislookingforwardto(B)fromme,pleaseremember()thisletteronyourwaytoschool.
;post;topost
heard;postinghearing;toposting
saidthatshehadalotoftrouble(C)yourhandwriting.
readseeseeing
storiesandarticles(A)whatIenjoymost.
appreciate(C)ustotheball.
toinviteinvite
invitinginvited
youmind(C)quietforamomentI'mtrying()aform.
;fillingoutkeep;tofillout
;tofilloutkeep;fillingout
wasafraid(B)forbeinglate.
seeingbeingseenbeseenhaveseen
'dliketosuggest(B)themeetingtillnextweek.
putoffoffoffbeputoff
don'tseehowIcouldpossiblymanage(B)theworkwithout().
;helpingfinish;beinghelped
;helping;beinghelped
worth(A)isworthyof()well.
;beingdone;doing
bedone;tobedonebedone;beingdone
advisedthemtotakearest,buttheyinsisted(D)thework.
finish
finishingfinishing
delayed(B)yourletterbecauseIhadbeenawayforawe
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