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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Theyoungerperson’sattractiontostereoscannotbeexplainedonly()familiaritywithtechnology.

问题1选项

A.inquestof

B.bymeansof

C.intermsof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】C

【解析】句意:年轻人对立体音响的偏爱不能仅仅用对技术的熟悉来解释

考查短语辨析。inquestof探寻;寻求;bymeansof用;凭借;intermsof

依据;在…方面;从…角度来;byvirtueof由于;凭借。因此C项符合句意。

2.单选题

Althoughhethoughthewashelpingustopreparethedinner,hewasactually()theway.

问题1选项

A.in

B.off

C.by

D.on

【答案】A

【解析】句意:虽然他以为他是在帮我们准备晚餐,但实际上他是在帮倒忙。

考查短语辨析。Intheway妨碍,挡道;offtheway远离正道;bytheway顺便说一下;ontheway在…途中。根据前半句句意“虽然他以为他是在帮我们准备晚餐”可知A符合句意,这里可以理解为“帮倒忙”。

3.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.由于没有具体证据可供利用,为探寻戏剧的起源,人们首先只能凭推测。

2.对于很多人而言,罗马至多不过是对希腊更大规模地模仿和延续,希腊是发明者,而罗马则是研究和发展的分支。

3.大多数时候,仅仅是因为无法核实身份,这些惹是生非的个体躲在一个个假名字后面,保护自己不受其行为的影响。

4.园林不只是房屋的补充。园林满足了更高层次的生活需求,而这种功能只有艺术才能实现。

5.更进一步说,也有人认为这个问题与乐观与悲观的争论无关,我们必须转变看待和思考问题的方式。

【答案】1.Peoplecanonlyrelyonspeculationforexploringtheoriginofdramabecausethereisnoanyspecificevidenceavailableforuse.

2.Formanypeople,Romeatmostisnothingmorethanalarge-scaleimitationandcontinuationofGreece.GreeceistheinventorwhileRomeisabranchofresearchanddevelopment.

3.Mostofthetime,justbecauseidentitiescannotbeverified,thesetroublemakershidebehindfakenamestoprotectthemselvesfrombeingaffectedtheiractions.

4.Agardensismorethanacomplementtoahouses.Gardensmeettheneedsofahigherleveloflife,andthisfunctioncanonlyberealizedbyart.

5.Furthermore,somepeoplethinkthatthisissuehasnothingtodowiththedebateonoptimismandpessimism.Wemustchangethewayofviewingandponderingaproblem.

4.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.Andgivingshouldbestrategicphilanthropyshouldnotsimplyrespondtoneedsbutshouldlookforinvestmentopportunitiesthatyieldsignificancereturns.

2.Whatremainspertinentisthereport’svisionoftheroleofgovernmentinresearch,includinghisassertionthatthefederalgovernmenthadboththeauthorityandtheobligationtosupportbasicresearch.

3.Thisneedisenshrinedintheconceptofsustainabledevelopment,whichmeansthatwemust,forthebenefitofcominggenerations,leaveenoughenvironmentalspacesothatthesegenerationswillbeabletoaddresstheirneedsandfulfilltheiraspirations.

4.ThethreatoftheColdWarwasaprimedrivingforceleadingtotheexpansionofU.S.science,nationallabsandacademicinstitutions.

5.Itisworthnotingthatpreventivemeasuresinvolvingsmokinganddietareconvenientlysimilarforcancerandheartdisease;oneexceptionisalcoholariskfactorfortheformer,apreventiveforthelater.

【答案】1.捐赠也应讲策略——慈善事业应该不单是应人之需,而应该觅寻投资机会,以求产生可观的回报。

2.该报告对政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯,包括他的主张,即联邦政府既有权力也有义务支持基础研究。

3.这种需要体现在可持续发展的概念中,这意味着为了后代的利益,我们必须留下足够的环境空间,以满足他们的需要,施展抱负。

4.冷战的威胁曾是一个主要的驱动力,它导致了美国科学、国家实验室以及学术机构团体的扩张。

5.值得注意的是,癌症和心脏病的预防措施与吸烟和饮食很相似;一个例外是酒精——癌症的危险因子,但却是心脏病的预防因子。

5.单选题

TheSpaceAge()inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】句意:太空时代始于1957年10月,当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。

考查动词辨析。initiate开始;创始:发起(及物动词,其后不需跟介词);originate起源;发生;embark着手;从事;上船或飞机;commence开始(可充当不及物动词,后跟介词in);着手。空格后有介词in,因此D项正确。

6.单选题

Ifprofitandmoneyareyourfirst(),andcommitmenttopeopleyourleastconcern,youhavefailededucation.

问题1选项

A.potentiality

B.priority

C.superiority

D.responsibility

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果利润和金钱是你首先考虑的事情,对人的义务是你最不关心的,那你的教育就失败了。

考查名词辨析。potentiality潜能;可能性;priority优先考虑的事;优先权;superiority优越;优势;responsibility责任;职责;义务。根据句中first(首先)以及后面的yourleastconcern(你最不关心的事情)可知B项正确。

7.单选题

Acensor’sdutyistoensurethatnocontentis()inpublicationsorfilms.

问题1选项

A.evil

B.obscure

C.obscene

D.opaque

【答案】C

【解析】句意:审查员的职责是确保出版物或电影中没有淫秽内容。

考查形容词辨析。evil邪恶的;不幸的;有害的;讨厌的;obscure昏暗的;朦胧的;晦涩的;无名的;obscene淫秽的;猥亵的;opaque不透明的;不传热的;迟钝的。因此C符合句意。

8.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.由于生产这类产品需要大量的设备和高水平的技术,因此我们要寻求实力雄厚的大公司的合作,使样品尽快转化为商品。

2.二十世纪向二十一世纪的过渡时期,恰好为美国的教育事业提供了一个重温历史,重新对科学承担义务的机会。

3.人们必须十分重视良好的饮食习惯,虽说正确的饮食习惯不能根除世界上的癌症,但它有利于减少患癌症的风险。

4.虽然主要是母亲决定了配偶中吸引我们的品质,但却是父亲影响我们如何与异性接触。

5.我们现在必须摆脱头脑中的一个观念,即认为唯有在工作中“晋升”才是获得认可和更高收入的方向。

【答案】1.Sincetheproductionofsuchproductsrequiresalargeamountofequipmentandhighleveloftechnology,weshouldlookforbigandstrongcompaniestoworkwithustocommercializethespecimenasearlyaspossible.

2.ItisagoodopportunityfortheUnitedStatestoreviewhistoryandregainscientificdutyduringthetransitionfrom20thcenturyto21stcentury.

3.Peoplemustpaygreatattentiontogoodeatinghabits.Althoughtherightdietwillnoteradicatecancerintheworld,itcanhelpreducetheriskofcancer.

4.Whileitisprimarilythemotherwhodeterminesthequalitiesthatattractusinamate,itisthefatherwhoinfluenceshowweinteractwiththeoppositesex.

5.Wemustnowgetridoftheideathat"promotion"atworkisawaytoobtainrecognitionandhigherpay.

9.单选题

Americansloveajuicystory.Wewantintimatedetails,andthemediaishappytocomply,butweforgetthatpeople’slivesareatstake.Acrimeisnotaformofentertainmentfromwhichtoderiveperversepleasure.Itisthefailureofapersontoliveuptohisorherobligationsasalaw-abidingcitizen,andtilemediashouldreportitassuch.

Recently,severalmajorcrimeshavebeensensationalized.Asfarasthemediaisconcerned,themoregruesomethecrime,thebetter.TaketheMenedezbrothers’caseorthetrialofthepolicemenwhobeatRodneyKing.Ifafamouspersonisaccused,membersofthepressappeartosmacktheirlipsandwritingtheirhandsinanticipation.Insertsexorrace,asintheO.J.Simpsonmurdertrial,andthejournalists’oddestdreamscometrue.Butsuchexploitationisnotharmlessentertainment.IttearsatthecoreoftheAmericanJudicialsystemafairtrialbyanimpartialjury.Ajurorissupposedtobeobjectiveandhasnopreconceivedopinionabouttheguiltorinnocenceoftheaccused:however,themedia’sbombardingthepublicwithinformationaboutacrimetrueorotherwisemakesfindingtwelvepeoplewhohavenoopinionaboutitnearlyimpossible.

IntheMenendezcase,forexample,twobrotherswereaccusedofmurderingtheirparents.Initially,thiscasereceivedmediaattentionbecausethevictims’childrenwereaccusedofthemurders;however,whenthebrothersclaimedtheykilledtheirparentsbecausetheyhadbeenmolestedbythem,thepressreallywentwild.Formonthsbeforethetrial,everypaperandnewsprogramcontainedsomethingaboutthecrime.Onlythenwasthejuryselected.Thus,eventhoughnoproofwaseverfoundtosupportthebrothersallegationsofmolestation,theirtrialsendedinhungjuries.

TheRodneyKingincidentgainednationalattentionwhenavideotapeoftheraciallymotivatedbeatingwasshownontelevision.Inthebeginning,thefactsabouttheincidentwerereported,butastimewentoninformationonRodneyKing’spersonallifewaspublicized,Mr.Kingwasportrayedasasleazyex-convictfromtheghettowhodeservedwhathappenedtohimbecausehehadresistedarrest.Inreality,RodneyKingwasthevictiminthiscrime,andhispersonallifehadnothadtodowithhisbeingsoseverelybeaten.However,thepresschosetomakehispersonallifeanissue.Asresult,attheendofthefirsttrial,thepoliceofficers,whohadbeencaughtonvideotapekickingandpunchingMr.Kingandagainstwhomafellowpoliceofficerhadtestified,weresetfree.

Today,thebigstoryistheO.J.Simpsonmurdertrial,whichhasbeensplashedacrossnewspapersandtelevisionsallovertheworld.Themediahasmadeitnearlyimpossibletoselectanimpartialjurybecauseofitslackofresponsibilityinreportingthecase.Forexample,earlyintheinvestigation,thepressreportedthatasocksoakedwithNicoleSimpson’sbloodhadbeenfoundinO.J.’sbedroom.Thejudge,defense,andprosecutionalldeniedthatanysuchevidenceexisted.Atfirst,themediastoodbythestory.Twodayslater,theyretracteditbutwithoutthefanfarethathadaccompaniedthefirstreport.

1.Ifapublicfigureisaccused,whatwouldhappen?

2.Thesentence“people’slivesareatstake”(paragraph1)mightmean().

3.TheRodneyKingexampleisusedtoshowthat().

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat().

5.Theauthor’stoneinwritingthisarticleis().

问题1选项

A.Themediawouldsidewithhimorher.

B.Thepresswouldtrytoinfluencethejury'sjudgment.

C.Journalistswouldbeoverjoyedtohavesomethingtobuildtheirstorieson.

D.Sexandracewouldbeinsertedinthenewspaperreport.

问题2选项

A.people’slivesareinvolved

B.people’sliveswillbegreatlyaffected

C.peoplewillhavetostaketheirownlives

D.people’sliveswillberisked

问题3选项

A.one'spastwillsoonerorlatercatchupwithhim

B.racialprejudiceisstilldeeplyrootedinpeople’smind

C.publicopinionmaybeeasilyaffectedbybiasedreport

D.theaccusedhasnoprivacyatall

问题4选项

A.thepressmighthaveimpliedthatO.J.Simpsoncommittedmurder

B.themediawasforcedtosilenceintheSimpsonmurdertrial

C.thejudgedefenseandprosecutionhavetakenbribe

D.thepresswasafraidofbeingaccusedofslander

问题5选项

A.informative

B.critical

C.retrospective

D.affirmative

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第二段第三句指出:Ifafamouspersonisaccused,membersofthepressappeartosmacktheirlipsandwritingtheirhandsinanticipation(如果某个名人被指控,那么新闻工作人员就表现得‘垂涎欲滴’并预先进行报道),其中的smacktheirlips和writingtheirhandsinanticipation正好对应C项中的overjoyed和buildtheirstories,故选C项“记者们将会非常高兴,因为他们可以在此基础上编撰自己的报道”。

第2题:语义题。对于此句的理解可参考第二段中:IttearsatthecoreoftheAmericanJudicialsystemafairtrialbyanimpartialjury.Ajurorissupposedtobeobjectiveandhasnopreconceivedopinionabouttheguiltorinnocenceoftheaccused:however,themedia’sbombardingthepublicwithinformationaboutacrimetrueorotherwisemakesfindingtwelvepeoplewhohavenoopinionaboutitnearlyimpossible(它破坏了美国司法体系的核心——由公正的陪审团进行的公正审判。陪审员被认为是客观的,并且对于被告是否有罪没有先入为主的观点。然而,媒体用有关犯罪的真实或其他方面的信息轰炸公众,使得找到12个对案件不了解的人几乎是不可能的)。由此可知媒体对于犯罪活动的详细报道会影响案件的公正审理,从而对被告的生命造成威胁,故选D。

第3题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词RodneyKingexample可定位至第四段:Inthebeginning,thefactsabouttheincidentwerereported,butastimewentoninformationonRodneyKing’spersonallifewaspublicized,Mr.Kingwasportrayedasasleazyex-convictfromtheghettowhodeservedwhathappenedtohimbecausehehadresistedarrest.Inreality,RodneyKingwasthevictiminthiscrime,andhispersonallifehadnothadtodowithhisbeingsoseverelybeaten(起初,有关这一事件的事实被报道,但随着时间的推移,有关罗德尼•金个人生活的信息被公布,金先生被描绘成一个来自贫民区的卑鄙的惯犯,他应该受到惩罚,因为他拒绝逮捕。事实上,罗德尼•金是这起犯罪的受害者,他的私生活与他被如此严打无关)。因此选C项“舆论很容易受到有偏见的报道的影响”。

第4题:判断推理题。最后一段主要讲了O.J.Simpson的例子:Forexample,earlyintheinvestigation,thepressreportedthatasocksoakedwithNicoleSimpson'sbloodhadbeenfoundinO.J.’sbedroom(例如,在调查的早期,媒体报道说,在辛普森的卧室中发现了一只浸透了她血液的袜子)。由此可知新闻报道暗示了O.J.Simpson犯了谋杀罪,故选A项“媒体可能暗示O.J.辛普森犯了谋杀罪”。

第5题:观点态度题。文章首先提出:Wewantintimatedetails,andthemediaishappytocomply,butweforgetthatpeople’slivesareatstake(我们喜欢生动的细节,媒体也会积极地投大众所好,但是我们却忘了有的人的生命正处在危险中)。随后列举了三个例子说明了有失偏颇的媒体报道对社会造成的影响,而且在最后一段还列举了O.J.Simpson的例子以说明其危害,可以看出作者的态度是批判性的。

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

1.凡事预则立,不预则废。

2.我们可以让内燃机使用另一种污染程度较低的燃料,如天然气、燃料电池,液态氢等,这些我们都可以考虑。

3.我们必须考虑到这一点:我们的星球是从子孙后代那里借来的,而不是我们祖先馈赠的。

4.可持续发展是指:为了将来后代的利益,我们必须保留足够的生存空间,以满足他们的需要和施展他们的抱负。

5.这门学科的重要性与其被了解的程度不成正比。

【答案】1.Preparednessensuressuccessandunpreparednessspellsfailure.

2.Whenchoosingadifferentandcleanerfuelfortheinternalcombustionengine,wecantakenaturalgas,fuelcells,liquidhydrogen,oconsideration.

3.Itmustbetakenintoconsiderationthatwehavenotinheritedthisearthfromourancestorsbuthaveborroweditfromouroffspring

4.Sustainabledevelopmentmeansthatforthebenefitoffuturegenerations,wemustreserveenoughlivinsspaceforsatisfyingtheirneedsandrealizingtheirambitious.

5.Theimportanceofthisdisciplineisnotindirectproportiontothedegreetowhichitisunderstood.

11.单选题

AclassactionlawsuithasbeenfiledagainstaprominentTorontodoctorbypatientswhoallegeheinjectedabannedsubstanceintotheirfacesforcosmeticpurposes.Thedoctorhadalreadybeeninvestigatedformorethanthreeyearsforusingtheliquidsilicone,aproductnotauthorizedforuseinCanada.

Somepatientssaytheyarenowsufferinghealthproblemsandthinktheliquidsiliconemaybetoblame.OneofthosepatientsisAnnaBarbiero.ShesaysherTorontodermatologisttoldherhewasusingliquidsiliconetosmoothoutwrinkles.Whatshesayshedidn’ttellheristhatitisn'tapprovedforuseinCanada.“Ididn'tknowwhatliquidsiliconewasandhejustcalleditliquidgold,Barbieroremembers.Afterherlasttreatment,AnnadiscoveredDr.SheldonPollackhadbeenorderedtostopusingthesiliconetwoyearsearlierbyHealthCanada.Expertssaysiliconecanmigratethroughthebody,andcauseinflammationanddeformities.

“Myupperlipisalwaysnumbanditburns”,Barbierosays.Barbieroisspearheading(带头)alawsuitagainstthedoctor,whoherlawyerthinksmightinvolveupto100patientsinjectedwiththesamematerial.“Thefact,aphysicianofhisstaturewoulduseanunauthorizedproductonapatientbecausehethoughtitwasokay,isreallyverydisturbing.”sayslawyerDouglasElliott.

Ontario’sCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonsisalsoinvestigatingDr.Pollacktoseeif,infact,hecontinuedtousethesiliconeafteragreeingtostopandwhetherhewroteinpatientrecordsthatheusedanotherlegalproductwhenheusedsilicone.However,inalettertotheCollege,Dr.PollackwrotethathehadalwaystoldpatientsthatthesiliconewasnotapprovedforsaleinCanada,andhadwarnedthemoftherisks.AndinBarviero’scase,“atthetimeofherfirstvisit,priortohereverreceivingIGLStreatment,IspecificallyinformedherthatthematerialwasnotapprovedforsaleinCanadabytheHealthProtectionBranchandthatIdidreceivethematerialfromoutsidethecountryIwouldliketoemphasizethat,asisevidentonMs.Barbiero’schart,IdrewaspecificdiagramonthechartwhichIcarefullydiscussedwithandexplainedtoMs.BarbieroasIdidwitheveryotherpatienttoexplainthenatureandlikelihoodofcomplicationsandthereasonsandconsequencesofthosepossiblecomplications.”

Dr.PollackdeclinetospeaktoCTVNews,ortohavehislawyerdiscussthecase.Noneoftheallegationshavebeenprovenincourt.Butthecauseraisesquestionsabouttheabilityofgoverningbodiestomonitordoctors.“There’salargemessageandthatis:buyerbeware,”saysNancyNeilsenofCosmeticSurgeryCanada,It'sincumbent(负有义务的)onconsumerstodotheirresearch.”

1.DoctorSheldonPollackwaschargedthat().

2.Whatdoestheword"dermatoIogist"(Line2.Para2)mean?

3.TheinvestigationofOntario'sCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonsistofind().

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.Fromtheendingpartofthepassage,wecanconcludethat().

问题1选项

A.hehadprescribedwrongmedicineforpatientsbymistake

B.hehadtreatedhispatientswithsomethingillegal,causingbadresult

C.hehadpretendedtobeaprominentsurgeon

D.hehadsoldanunauthorizedproductinlargeamount

问题2选项

A.Apersonwhoseworkisfilling,cleaningandtakingoutteeth

B.Apersonwhoseworkisstudyingmentaldiseases

C.Apersonwhoseworkishealingeyediseases

D.Apersonwhoseworkiscuringskindiseases

问题3选项

A.whetherhestillhasillegaltreatmentonhispatients

B.howmanypatientshavebeenabused

C.ifhetoldhispatientsabouttherisk

D.howmuchmoneyhegotfromhisillegaltreatment

问题4选项

A.Barbierotookthetreatmentafterbeingtoldtherisk

B.Dr.SheldonPollackstartedhisworkwiththepatients'agreementacceptthepotential

C.Afamousdoctorshouldbeauthorizedtousesomething,hethinksokayonpatients

D.Barbieroissufferingalot

问题5选项

A.Barbierowillwinthelawsuit

B.Dr.SheldonPollackwillwinthelawsuit

C.thecaseshavebeendismissed

D.governingbodiestomonitordoctorwillbecharged

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出:AclassactionlawsuithasbeenfiledagainstaprominentTorontodoctorbypatientswhoallegeheinjectedabannedsubstanceintotheirfacesforcosmeticpurposes(日前,多伦多一名著名医生被患者提起集体诉讼,指控他为美容目的向脸部注射违禁药物)。第二段指出:Somepatientssaytheyarenowsufferinghealthproblemsandthinktheliquidsiliconemaybetoblame(一些病人说他们现在正遭受健康问题,并认为液体硅胶可能是罪魁祸首)。因此B项“他用导致不好结果的一些不合法东西治疗自己的病人”正确。

第2题:词义题。“dermatoIogist”所在句为:ShesaysherTorontodermatologisttoldherhewasusingliquidsiliconetosmoothoutwrinkles(她说,她在多伦多的…告诉她,他正使用液体硅胶来去除皱纹)。由此推测,“dermatoIogist”可能表示“工作是治疗皮肤病的人”,故选D。

第3题:细节事实题。第四段指出:...toseeif,infact,hecontinuedtousethesiliconeafteragreeingtostopandwhetherhewroteinpatientrecordsthatheusedanotherlegalproductwhenheusedsilicone(看看他在同意停止使用硅胶后是否继续使用,以及他是否在病人记录中注明在使用硅胶时使用了另一种合法产品)。由此可知,A项“是否他仍然在他的病人身上有非法的治疗”正确。

第4题:判断推理题。A:Barbiero在被告知有风险后接受了治疗。B:SheldonPollack医生在病人同意接受这种可能性后开始了手术。文章指出:Dr.Pollack和病人Barbiero对是否告知液态硅胶的潜在风险各执一词。因此A和B项不正确。C:一个有名的医生应该被授权在病人身上使用他认为没问题的东西。D:Barbiero饱受其害。第三段指出:Thefact,aphysicianofhisstaturewoulduseanunauthorizedproductonapatientbecausehethoughtitwasokay,isreallyverydisturbing(事实上,像他这样的医生会在病人身上使用未经授权的产品,因为他认为这是可以的,这才令人不安)。因此C项不正确,D项正确。

第5题:判断推理题。A:Barbiero将赢得这场官司。B:SheldonPollack医生将赢得这场官司。最后一段指出:Noneoftheallegationshavebeenprovenincourt(迄今所有指控都未经法庭认证)。因此A跟B项都不正确。C:这些案件已被驳回。D:监督医生的管理机构将被起诉。最后一段指出:Butthecauseraisesquestionsabouttheabilityofgoverningbodiestomonitordoctors(但是这个案件引发了人们对于政府监管部门对医生的监督能力的质疑)。因此D项不正确,本题选C。

12.单选题

()thesequestionsmaysoundacademic,answerstothemcouldhaveprofoundeconomicandpoliticalsignificance.

问题1选项

A.Since

B.While

C.Unless

D.Lest

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项since“自……以来;因为”;B选项while“虽然,然而,当……的时候”;C选项unless“除非;若非”;D选项lest“唯恐,以免”。句意:虽然这些问题听起来是学术的,但是它们的答案可能有深远的经济和政治意义。前后句子存在转折关系,因此B项正确。

13.单选题

TheculturesofChinaandJapanhavesharedmanyfeatures,buteachhasusedthemaccordingtoitsnational().

问题1选项

A.engagement

B.destiny

C.capacity

D.temperament

【答案】D

【解析】句意:中日两国的文化有许多共同的特点,但是每个国家却根据各自的民族气质来体现。

考查名词辨析。engagement婚约;约会;交战;诺言;destiny命运;capacity能力;容量;资格;temperament气质;性情;性格。因此D项符合句意。

14.单选题

Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity.Theycalledit"protectingcivilizationfromthefacesofterror".Thecompany'ssharepriceskyrocketed,asdidthestocksofotherface-recognitioncompanies,andairportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials.

Astheresultsstarttocomein,however,theglossiswearingoff.Nomatterwhatyoumighthaveheardaboutface-recognitionsoftware,BigBrotherisnotsogoodasexpected.

Theconcernwasbasedlargelyonanindependentassessmentofface-recognitionsystemscarriedoutin2000intheU.S.bytheDepartmentofDefense.Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms.Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself.Resultsfromtherecentairporttrialswouldseemtojustifythatconcern.

Mostface-recognitionsystemsusesomekindofgeometrictechniquetotranslateapictureofafaceintoasetofnumbersthatcaptureitscharacteristics.Onceithasidentifiedtheseboundaries,thesoftwarecalculatestheirrelativesizesandpositionsandconvertsthisgeometryintowhatVisionicscallsa"faceprint".Feedthesoftwareaseriesofmugshotsandit’llcalculatetheirfaceprints.ThenitcanmonitorliveCCTVimagesforthefacesofknownsuspects.Whenitfindsamatch,itraisesanalarm.

Evenifthesystemdoesmanagetocaptureaface,theproblemsaren'tover.Thetroubleisthatasuspect'sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail.Togivethemselvesthebestchanceofpickingupsuspects,operatorscansetthesoftwaresothatitdoesn'thavetomakeanexactmatchbeforeitraisesthealarm.Butthere'sapricetopay:themorepotentialsuspectsyoupickup,themorefalsealarmsyouget.Youhavetogetthebalancejustright.

Despitethedisappointingtests,somepeopleinsistthatface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtoputterroristsoff.Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat().

2.Thesecondparagraphimpliesthat().

3.WhatisthefataldefeatofthesystemaccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofDefense?

4.Whatmakesitsohardfortheface-recognitionsystemstoworkeffectively?

5.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat().

问题1选项

A.Visionicsproducedthebestface-recognitionsoftwareenhancingairportsecurity

B.Visionics'sstockroseinprice

C.theairportsweresatisfiedwiththesoftware

D.Visionics'ssoftwarewasagreatsuccess

问题2选项

A.thesurfaceofthesoftwareisnotenough

B.thereisaseriesofface-recognitionsoftwareproducts

C.thesoftwareturnsouttobeinefficient

D.thesoftwareisnotdurable

问题3选项

A.Toomanyfalsealarmswereraised.

B.Everyoneshouldlookstraightatthecamera.

C.Only90%ofsuspectsatanairportwerefound.

D.Everyoneshouldnotdisguisehimself.

问题4选项

A.Thecomputersarenotsoadvanced.

B.Thefaceprintsfedinthecomputersareneveridenticalwiththoseofrealpersons.

C.Itisveryhardfortheoperatorstolearntocontrolthesystem.

D.Peopleseldomlookstraightatthecamera.

问题5选项

A.anyway,theface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtofrightentheterrorists

B.theindustryshouldrecognizethesituationandimprovethetechnology.

C.alltheclaimsarepremature

D.wemustnotexpecttoomuch

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。A:Visionics公司生产了最好的人脸识别软件来增强机场的安全性。B:Visionics的股票价格上涨。C:机场对软件很满意。D:Visionics的软件非常成功。第一句指出:Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity(9月11日之后,领先的制造商Visionics发布了一份情况说明书,解释其技术如何增强机场安全)。但并不能证明A项跟D项正确。第三句说到:Thecompany’ssharepriceskyrocketed(公司股价飞涨)。因此B项正确。最后一句指出:airportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials(全球各地的机场开始安装该软件并进行测试)。但这并不能说明C项正确。因此答案为B。

第2题:判断推理题。第二段意思为:然而,伴随软件试用结果出现,该软件的光彩逐渐消逝,无论你或许对面部识别软件听说过什么,Visionics这家大公司的面部识别软件都不如宣传的那样好。因此C项“该软件结果是无效率的”正确。

第3题:判断推理题。题干问的是:根据美国国防部的说法,这个系统的致命缺点是什么?A:太多假警报被拉响。B:每个人都要直视镜头。C:只有90%的嫌疑犯在机场被发现。D:每个人都应该伪装自己。可定位至第三段。第二句指出:Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms(这些测试发现,要在机场抓获90%的嫌疑人,人脸识别软件必须发出大量虚假警报)。因此A项正确,C项不正确。第三句指出:Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself(每三个人中就有一个被拖拉出候机的队伍,而这种比例是基于每个人都直视镜头且不做任何努力掩饰自己的情况)。由此可知B项跟D项只是文中提及的实验的条件,而非致命缺点。

第4题:判断推理题。第五段指出:Thetroubleisthatasuspect’sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail(问题在于从现场监控提取的嫌疑犯的脸纹不可能与数据库里的每一个细节相匹配)。因此,使得人脸识别系统难以有效工作的原因是B项“电脑里的面纹从不与真人的面纹完全相同”。

第5题:细节事实题。最后一段最后一句指出:Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality(在所有的控诉和反控诉之后,尽管没有一个人能识别真相,但是该行业或许很快不得不面对现实)。由此可知B项“该行业应该认清现实,改善技术”正确。

15.单选题

Puttinginanewwindowwill()cuttingawaypartoftheroof.

问题1选项

A.include

B.involve

C.contain

D.comprise

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项include“包含,包括,指包括属于整体的部分,可以是具体的或抽象的”;B选项involve“包含;牵涉;使陷于,指必然包括某种结果,所接的事物通常是抽象的”;C选项contain“包含;控制,指容器装有具体东西,含仍有剩余空间之意;也指包含具体之物或数据、信息等”;D选项comprise“包含;由…组成,既可指整体包含若干部分,也可指若干部分或成员构成整体”。句意:新开一扇窗户就得拆掉部分屋顶。doingAinvolves(doing)B表示“做A事包含做B这部分工作”,因此B正确。

16.单选题

Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusy()forherexamination.

问题1选项

A.toprepare

B.tobeprepared

C.preparing

D.beingprepared

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。bebusyindoingsth.表示“忙于做某事”,因此C项正确。句意:Jean昨晚没有时间去听音乐会是因为她忙着准备她的考试。

17.单选题

Thestudentstakea()testinMarch,andthemainexamisinJuly.

问题1选项

A.previous

B.preliminary

C.preceded

D.elementary

【答案】B

【解析】句意:学生们在三月份参加初试,正式考试在七月份

考查形容词辨析。previous先前的;preliminary初步的,预备的;preceded前面的;elementary初步的,基本的。由后面句子关键词“正式考试”可知这里指“初试”,故选B。

18.单选题

His()directionsconfusedus;wedidnotknowwhichofthetworoadstotake.

问题1选项

A.ambiguous

B.complicated

C.arbitrary

D.intricate

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他模棱两可的指示把我们弄糊涂了;我们不知道该走哪条路。

考查形容词辨析。ambiguous引起歧义的;模糊的;complicated难懂的;复杂的;arbitrary任意的;武断的;intricate复杂的;错综的。由后半句句意可知A项正确。

19.单选题

()he’salreadyheardthenews.

问题1选项

A.Chancesare

B.Chanceis

C.Opportunitiesare

D.Opportunityis

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他很可能已经听到这个消息了。

20.单选题

Althoughsports()thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsandroutine.

问题1选项

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管体育运动在Joe的家庭中占主导地位,但是当这些运动影响到家庭传统和日常事务时,他会放弃体育运动。

考查动词辨析。overwhelm淹没,受打击,覆盖;affect影响,感染;dominate控制,支配:influence影响。根据后半句句意“当这些运动影响到家庭传统和日常事务时,他会放弃体育运动”以及转折连词although可知,C符合句意。

21.单选题

Onlyunderspecialcircumstances()totakemake-uptests.

问题1选项

A.arefreshmenpermitted

B.freshmenarepermitted

C.permittedarefreshmen

D.arepermittedfreshmen

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。考查部分倒装。副词only位于句首时,后面部分应用部分倒装结构:助动词/系动词+主语+谓语动词/表语。因此A项正确。

22.单选题

Thediseasewaskeptundercontrol()earlydiagnosisandtreatment.

问题1选项

A.forvirtueof

B.onvirtuewith

C.byvirtueof

D.invirtuewith

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。四个选项中,只有C项byvirtueof是固定搭配,表示“由于,凭借”。句意:由于早期诊断和治疗,这个疾病得到了控制。因此C项符合句意。

23.单选题

The()stuckontheenvelopesays“ByAir”.

问题1选项

A.diagram

B.label

C.signal

D.mark

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项diagram“图表;图解”;B选项label“标签;商标”;C选项signal“信号;暗号;导火线”;D选项mark“标志;马克;符号”。句意:信封上粘贴的标签说是“航空邮件”。信封上粘贴的应该是标签,故选B。

24.单选题

Smugglingisa()activitywhichmightbringdestructiontooureconomy;therefore,itmust

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