2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号36

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Sheisveryresourceful,andshecanalwaysfindawayaroundanyproblem.

问题1选项

A.delightful

B.responsible

C.industrious

D.smart

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项delightful“可爱的，可喜的；讨人喜欢的；令人愉快的”；B选项responsible“负责的，可靠的；有责任的”；C选项industrious“勤勉的”；D选项smart“聪明的；巧妙的；敏捷的；厉害的；潇洒的；剧烈的；时髦的”。句意：她足智多谋，总能找到解决任何问题的办法。结合此处关键词resourceful“足智多谋的；机智的”，得知D为正确答案。

2.单选题

Therearemanywhobelievethattheuseofforce___politicalendscanneverbejustified.

问题1选项

A.insearchof

B.inpursuitof

C.inviewof

D.inlightof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项insearchof“寻找”；B选项inpursuitof“追求”；C选项inviewof“鉴于，由于”；D选项inlightof“根据”。句意：有许多人认为，为追求政治目的而使用武力永远是不正当的。根据句意可知B选项正确。

3.单选题

Athometheirlossestofarmingandindustryhadtobemadegood,asfaraspossible,withmoreforeignworkersandprisoners-of-war.

问题1选项

A.compensated

B.constructedwell

C.managedproperly

D.terminated

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项compensate“补偿”；B选项constructwell“构造得很好”；C选项manageproperly“妥善处理”；D选项terminate“使终止；使结束；解雇”。句意：在国内，他们在农业和工业上的损失必须尽可能用更多的外国工人和战俘来弥补。结合此处关键词madegood“补偿”，得知A为正确答案。

4.翻译题

Despitethechokingsmog,Beijingisstillthenumberonechoiceforgraduatejobseekersbasedonits“softenvironment”,accordingtoareportpublishedlastTuesday.TheChinesecapitalisthepreferredchoiceforfindingworkowingtoitssocialenvironment,economicdevelopment,infrastructure,consumptionhabitsandinternationalizedatmosphere.Althoughmetropolisesarestilltopchoicesforgraduatestoworkin,thepastthreeyearshaveseenmoreuniversityandcollegegraduatesworkinprefecture-levelcities,orevensmallercities.

【答案】据上周二发布的一份报告显示，尽管烟雾弥漫，但基于“软环境”，北京仍然是毕业生求职者的首选。由于中国的社会环境、经济发展、基础设施、消费习惯和国际化的氛围，中国首都是求职的首选。尽管大城市仍然是毕业生就业的首选，但在过去的三年里，越来越多的大学毕业生到地级市，甚至更小的城市工作。

5.翻译题

Motherlanguages,alongwithlinguisticdiversity,matterfortheidentityofindividuals.Assourcesofcreativityandvehiclesforculturalexpression,theyarealsoimportantforthehealthofsocieties.Notleast,languagesarefactorsfordevelopmentandgrowth.Weknowhowimportanteducationinthemotherlanguageisforlearningoutcomes.Motherlanguageinstructionisapowerfulwaytofightdiscriminationandreachouttomarginalizedpopulation.Aswellspringsofknowledge,languagesarealsostartingpointsforgreatersustainabilityindevelopment,formanagingmoreharmoniouslyourrelationshipwiththeenvironmentandchange.

【答案】母语，以及语言多样性，对个体的身份认同至关重要。作为创造力的来源和文化表达的工具，它们对社会的健康也很重要。重要的是，语言是发展和增长的因素。我们知道母语教育对学习成果的重要性。母语教学是消除歧视和接触边缘人口的有力途径。语言作为知识的源泉，也是提高发展可持续性、更和谐地管理我们与环境和变革的关系的起点。

6.单选题

Thereareactuallymanyconvincingreasonstousenaturalproducts,eventheregularhealthproductsarefilledwithchemicals.Allofthoseexcessivechemicalsdoalotharmtoyourbody.

问题1选项

A.persuasive

B.confident

C.obedient

D.concrete

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项persuasive“有说服力的；劝诱的，劝说的”；B选项confident“自信的；确信的”；C选项obedient“顺从的，服从的；孝顺的”；D选项concrete“混凝土的；实在的，具体的；有形的”。句意：事实上，使用天然产品有很多令人信服的理由，即使是普通的保健品也充满了化学物质。所有这些过量的化学物质都对你的身体有害。。结合此处关键词convincing“令人信服的；有说服力的”，得知A选项正确。

7.单选题

Manyrenownedscientistsquestionedthevalidityoftheassumption.

问题1选项

A.credit

B.weakness

C.correctness

D.uncertainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项credit“信用，信誉”；B选项weakness“弱点；软弱；嗜好”；C选项correctness“正确性”；D选项uncertainty“犹豫；不确定的事物；不确定度”。句意：许多著名的科学家对这一假设的正确性提出了质疑。结合此处关键词questionedthe…oftheassumption（对假设提出质疑），结合句意，得知C选项正确。

8.翻译题

中国园林是经过三千多年演化而形成的独具一格的园林景观，是中国建筑不可分割的一部分。从建园者身份来看，中国园林主要分为两类：皇家园林和私家园林。皇家园林是为皇室成员享乐而建造，大多数皇家园林在北方。私家园林主要由学者、商人和政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造，南方比较多见。典型的中国园林周围有围墙，院内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由弯曲的小路和走廊衔接的建筑，构成了一种人与自然和谐相处的微缩景观。

【答案】Chinesegardenisauniquelandscapeformedaftermorethanthreethousandyearsofevolution.ItisaninseparablepartofChinesearchitecture.Fromtheidentityofthegardeners,Chinesegardensaremainlydividedintotwocategories:imperialgardensandprivategardens.Theimperialgardenswerebuiltforthepleasureofthemembersoftheroyalfamily,mostoftheminthenorth.Privategardenswerebuiltmainlybyscholars,merchantsandgovernmentofficialstoescapefromthenoisyoutsideworld,especiallyintheSouth.TypicalChinesegardensaresurroundedbywalls,surroundedbyponds,rockery,trees,flowersandplants,aswellasvariousbuildingsconnectedbywindingpathsandcorridors,whichconstituteaminiaturelandscapeofharmonybetweenmanandnature.

9.单选题

Theacidrainattackstheleavesand_____theirwaxycoating.

问题1选项

A.resolves

B.unsolved

C.dissolves

D.shoves

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项resolves“决定；决心要做”；B选项unsolved“未解决的；未解答的”；C选项dissolves“溶解；分解”；D选项shoves“挤；强使；撞；猛推”。句意：酸雨会侵蚀树叶，……它们的蜡涂层。根据attackstheleaves（侵蚀树叶）可推测acidrain（酸雨）的危害极大，A选项resolves（决定）不符合题意，B选项unsolved（未解决的）可排除，D选项shoves（挤）不符合题意，可排除，结合此处语境，C选项正确。

10.单选题

Iamsurethatdiseasemustpropagateinsuchunsanitaryandcrowdedareas.

问题1选项

A.eliminate

B.transmit

C.replace

D.isolate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项eliminate“消除；排除”；B选项transmit“传输；传播；发射；传达；遗传”；C选项replace“取代，代替；替换，更换；归还，偿还；把……放回原处”；D选项isolate“（使）隔离，孤立；将……剔出；（某物质、细胞等）分离；区别看待（观点、问题等）”。句意：我相信疾病一定会在这样不卫生、拥挤的地方传播。结合此处关键词propagate“传播；传送；繁殖；宣传”，得知B选项正确。

11.单选题

Therearemanywaystorecycleusedmaterials,forexample,___rubberfromoldtires.

问题1选项

A.detecting

B.declaring

C.reclaiming

D.requiring

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项detect“察觉；发现；探测”；B选项declare“宣布，声明；断言，宣称”；C选项reclaim“开拓；回收再利用；改造某人，使某人悔改；抗议，喊叫”；D选项require“需要；要求；命令”。句意：有很多方法回收使用过的材料，例如，从旧轮胎中回收橡胶。结合此处语境，C选项正确。

12.单选题

Ellenhascomeintoalotofmoneyrecentlythankstoherrelatives'___.

问题1选项

A.generosity

B.sincerity

C.certainty

D.flexibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项generosity“慷慨，大方；宽宏大量”；B选项sincerity“真实，诚挚”；C选项certainty“必然；确实；确实的事情”；D选项flexibility“灵活性；弹性；适应性”。句意：由于亲戚们的慷慨，埃伦最近得到了很多钱。因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Themanhadeithertoleavethecountryimmediatelyortosurrenderhimselftotheenemyandhadnootherchoice.

问题1选项

A.alternative

B.hope

C.resource

D.approach

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项alternative“二中选一；供替代的选择”；B选项hope“希望”；C选项resource“资源”；D选项approach“方式”。句意：这个人要么立即离开这个国家，要么向敌人投降，结合此处关键短语leavethecountry（离开这个国家）以及surrenderhimselftotheenemy（向敌人投降），可推测他是在两者之间进行选择，由此得知A选项正确。

14.单选题

Fortune-tellersaregoodatmaking___statementssuchas“Yoursorrowswillchange”.

问题1选项

A.philosophical

B.ambiguous

C.literal

D.invalid

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项philosophical“哲学的（等于philosophic）；冷静的”；B选项ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；C选项literal“文字的；逐字的；无夸张的”；D选项invalid“无效的；有病的；残疾的”。句意：算命的人擅长说一些模棱两可的话，比如“你的悲伤会变的”。根据句意，B选项正确。

15.单选题

Perfectlymatchedpearls,strungintoanecklace,bringafarhigherpricethanthesamepearlssold______.

问题1选项

A.collectively

B.invariably

C.reluctantly

D.individually

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项collectively“集体地，共同地”；B选项invariably“总是；不变地；一定地”；C选项reluctantly“不情愿地；嫌恶地”；D选项individually“个别地，单独地”。句意：相互般配的珍珠，串成一条项链，就……能卖到比同等珍珠卖出的好得多的价钱。根据句意，A选项及C选项都可排除。D选项“individually”也不符合句意，也可排除。因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

Threelaboureconomistssuggestthateffortatworkiscorrelatedwithrace.Afterrejectinganumberof1explanationsforwhythismightbe,theyfinally2thediscrepancytounexplained“culturaldifferences”.Acutely3ofthesensitivityofthesefindings,theydelayedpublicationuntilafterthe4election.Thepapermayyetbe5onbythosewhoarekeentorootout“politicalcorrectness”andareunhappywithcurrentanti-discriminationlaws.Thestudy’smethodisstraightforwarD.Thedatacomefromnearly36,000“dailydiaries”,self-reportingonhowAmericansspenttheirworkinghours,6from2003to2012.Relyingonthe7thatworkersareequallyhonestinadmittingsloth,theauthorscalculatethefractionoftimespentnotworkingwhileonthejob-spent-relaxingoreating,say-andfindthatitvariesbyracetoasmallbut8significantdegree.Thegapremains,albeitinweakerform,evenwiththeadditionofextensivecontrolsforgeography,9andunionstatus,amongothers.Non-whitemaleworkersspendan101.1%ofthedaynotworkingwhileonthejob,oranextrafiveminutesperday.

问题1选项

A.excusable

B.plausible

C.rational

D.accountable

问题2选项

A.subscribe

B.confer

C.due

D.attribute

问题3选项

A.aware

B.conscious

C.knowing

D.ignorant

问题4选项

A.president

B.presidency

C.presidential

D.presiding

问题5选项

A.attacked

B.seized

C.criticized

D.pin-downed

问题6选项

A.responded

B.documented

C.gathered

D.collected

问题7选项

A.assumption

B.resumption

C.thesis

D.hypothesis

问题8选项

A.datum

B.statistic

C.presumably

D.statistically

问题9选项

A.industry

B.province

C.faculty

D.discrepancy

问题10选项

A.adding

B.additional

C.deduction

D.induction

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:A

第10题:B

【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项excusable“可原谅的；可辩解的；可免除的”；B选项plausible“看似可信的；花言巧语的，巧言令色的”；C选项rational“合理的；理性的”；D选项accountable“有责任的；有解释义务的”。根据上下文，以及关键字explanations（解释），可推测经济学家拒绝了许多合理的解释，由此可推测C选项正确。

2.考查动词词义辨析。A选项subscribe“签署；赞成；捐助”；B选项confer“授予；给予”；C选项dueto“由于；应归于”；D选项attribute“归属；把……归于”。根据上下文，以及关键字discrepancy“矛盾”，可排除A、B选项，C选项due不能作为动词使用，也可排除。由此D选项正确。

3.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项aware“意识到的；知道的”；B选项conscious“意识到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；C选项knowing“明知的，故意的；认知的”；D选项ignorant“无知的；愚昧的”。根据关键字sensitivity（敏感性）判断出这几位科学家意识到这类发现有“敏感性”，以及后文theydelayedpublication（他们推迟出版）可排除C、D选项，B选项conscious（指内心的感觉，强调深刻的心理活动）因此也可排除，A选项aware（侧重感知，多与of连用），因此A选项正确。

4.考查近义词词义辨析。A选项president“总统；董事长；校长”；B选项presidency“总统（或董事长、会长、大学校长等）的职位（任期）”；C选项presidential“总统的；首长的；统辖”；D选项presiding“主持；担任（会议）主席”。根据关键词the…election（选举）可排除D选项，B选项presidency（总统的职位）强调职位，也可排除，A选项president（总统）为名词，也可排除，中文翻译为：直到总统选举结束。判断出此处C选项正确。

5.考查名词词义辨析。A选项attacked“攻击；侵害”；B选项seized“逮住；咬住”；C选项criticized“批评”；D选项pin-downed“发现，查明；确定；使受约束”。句意：这份报告可能会被那些热衷于根除“政治正确性”并对现行反歧视法不满的人所利用。判断出B选项正确。

6.考查动词词义辨析。A选项responded“回答，回报；反应”；B选项documented“记录”；C选项gathered“聚集”；D选项collected“收藏；聚集；聚积”。句意：他的数据来自于2003年至2012年收集的近36000份“每日日记”，这些日记是关于美国人如何度过工作时间的。根据关键词data（数据），A选项可排除。B选项，文中不是他本人所记录的，也可排除。C选项“gathered”，表示由少到多的收集，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“collect”表示有目的或有挑选的收集，可知D选项正确。

7.考查名词词义辨析。A选项assumption“假定；设想；担任”；B选项resumption“恢复；重新开始；取回；重获”；C选项thesis“论文；论点”；D选项hypothesis“（凭空的）猜想”。根据下文workersareequallyhonestinadmittingsloth（工人们同样坦诚地承认自己懒惰）可排除B、C选项。D选项hypothesis（凭空的）猜想也可排除，可知A选项正确。

8.考查词义辨析。A选项datum“数据，资料；基准点”；B选项statistic“统计资料；统计学”；C选项presumably“大概；推测起来；可假定”；D选项statistically“统计地；统计学上”。根据关键词significant（有意义的）可知前面应填副词，可排除A、B选项，C选项与文中significant不匹配，因此D选项正确。

9.考查名词词义辨析。A选项industry“产业；工业；勤勉”；B选项province“省；领域；职权”；C选项faculty“科，系；能力”；D选项discrepancy“不符；矛盾；相差”。根据关键词geography（地理）以及unionstatus（工会地位）可推测，中间应填一个与其意思相近的名词，根据上下文，可知A选项正确。

10.考查词义辨析。A选项adding“增加”；B选项additional“附加的，额外的”；C选项deduction“扣除，减除；推论”；D选项induction“感应；归纳法；感应现象”。根据关键词“an”可排除C选项，根据1.1%可知应填形容词进行修饰，因此可排除A、D选项。可知B选项正确。

17.单选题

Hewasaccusedofbeinga______becausehemadepromiseswhicharousedfutilehopesinhislisteners.

问题1选项

A.spokesman

B.demagogue

C.representative

D.politician

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项spokesman“发言人；代言人”；B选项demagogue“煽动者；煽动家；煽动政治家”；C选项representative“代表；典型；众议员；销售代表”；D选项politician“政治家”。句意：他被指控为一名……，因为他的承诺在听众中激起了无用的希望。由arousedfutilehopesinhislisteners（在他的听众中激起了无用的希望）可知B选项与其意思对应正确，结合此处语境，B选项正确。

18.单选题

Inhernovelof“Reunion,AmericanStyle”,RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion“ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackofnearlyallourminds.DidtheydobetterthanI?”

Jaffe’sobservationmaybemisplacedbutnotcompletelylost.AccordingtoastudyconductedbysocialpsychologistJackSparacino,theoverwhelmingmajoritywhoattendreunionsaren'tthereinvidiouslytocomparetheirrecentaccomplishmentswiththoseoftheirformerclassmates.Instead,theyhope,primarily,torelivetheirearliersuccesses.

Certainly,afewreturntoshowtheirformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoyobservingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclassmates(notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse).Butthemajoritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethegoodtimestheyrememberhavingwhentheywereyounger.Inhisstudy,Sparacinofoundthat,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshadbeenmorepopular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolvedinextracurricularactivitiesthanthoseclassmateswhochosenottoattenD.Forthosewhoturnedupattheirreunions,then,theoldtimeswerealsothegoodtimes!

ItwouldappearthatAmericanshaveaspecialfondnessforreunions,judgingbytheirprevalence.Majorleaguebaseballplayers,fraternitymembers,veteransgroups,highschoolandcollegegraduates,andformerBoyScoutsallholdreunionsonaregularbasis.Inaddition,familyreunionsfrequentlyattractbloodrelativesfromfarawayplaceswhospendconsiderablemoneyandtimetoreunite.

Actually,intheiraffectionforreunitingwithfriends,familyorcolleagues,Americansareprobablynodifferentfromanyotherpeople,exceptthatAmericanshavecreatedamind-bogglingnumberandvarietyofinstitutionalizedformsofgatheringstofacilitatethesatisfactionofthisdesire.Indeed,reunionshaveincreasinglybecomeformaleventsthatareorganizedonaregularbasisand,intheprocess,theyhavealsobecomebigbusiness.

ShellNorrisofClassReunion,Inc.,saysthatChicagoalonehas1,500highschoolreunionseachyear.Aconservativeestimateonthenationallevelwouldbe10,000annually.Atonetime,allhighschoolreunionswereorganizedbyvolunteers,usuallyfemalehomemakers.Inthelastfewyears,however,asmoreandmorewomenhaveenteredthelabourforce,alumnireunionsareincreasinglybeingplannedbyspecializedcompaniesratherthanbypart-timevolunteers.

ThefirstcollegereunionwasheldbythealumniofYaleUniversityin1792.GraduatesofPennsylvania,Princeton,Stanford,andBrownfollowedsuit.Andbytheendofthe19thcentury,most4-yearinstitutionswereholdingalumnireunions.

Thevarietyofcollegereunionsisimpressive.AtPrinceton,alumniparadethroughthetownwearingtheirclassuniformsandsingingtheiralmamater.AtMariettaCollege,theygatherforadinner-danceonasteamshipcruisingtheOhioRiver.

Clearly,thethoughtofcruisingonasteamshipormarchingthroughthestreetsisusuallynot,byitself,sufficientreasonforlargenumbersofalumnitoreturntocampus.Alumniwhodecidetoattendtheirreunionsshareacommonidentitybasedontheyearstheyspenttogetherasundergraduates.Forthisreason,universitiesthatsomehowestablishacommonbond—forexample,becausetheyarerelativelysmallorespeciallyprestigious—tendtodrawsubstantialnumbersoftheiralumnitoreunions.Inanefforttoenhancethiscommonidentity,largercollegesanduniversitiesfrequentlybuildtheirclassreunionsonparticipationinsmallerunits,suchasdepartmentsorschools.Ortheyencourage“affinityreunions”forgroupsofformercheerleaders,editors,fraternitymembers,musicians,membersofmilitaryorganizationsoncampus,andthelike.

Ofcourse,noteveryalumnusisfondofhisorheralmamater.Studentswhograduatedduringthelate1960smaybeespeciallyreluctanttogetinvolvedinalumnievents.Theywerepartofthegenerationthatconductedsit-insandteach-insdirectedatuniversityadministrators,protestedmilitaryrecruitmentoncampusandmarchedagainst“establishmentpolitics.”Ifthisgenerationhasacommonidentity,itmayfalloutsideoftheiruniversityties—orevenbehostiletothem.Evenastheyentertheirmiddleyears,alumniwhocontinuetoholdunpleasantmemoriesofcollegeduringthisperiodmaynotwishtoattendclassreunions.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Sparacino'sstudy___.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadistinctfeatureofU.S.classreunions?

3.Whatmainlyattractsmanypeopletoreturntocampusforreunion?

4.Therhetoricalfunctionofthefirstparagraphisto___.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

问题1选项

A.providedstrongevidenceforJaffe’sstatement

B.showedthatattendeestendedtoexcelinhighschoolstudy

C.foundthatinterestinreunionswaslinkedwithschoolexperience

D.foundevidenceforattendees'intensedesireforshowingoffsuccess

问题2选项

A.U.S.classreunionsareusuallyoccasionstoshowoffone’srecentsuccess

B.Reunionsareregularandformaleventsorganizedbyprofessionalagencies

C.Classreunionshavebecomeaprofitablebusiness

D.Classreunionshavebroughtaboutavarietyofactivities

问题3选项

A.Thevarietyofactivitiesforclassreunion

B.Thespecialstatustheiruniversityenjoys

C.Sharedexperiencebeyondthecampus

D.Sharedundergraduateexperienceoncampus

问题4选项

A.introduceRonaJaffe’snovel

B.presenttheauthor’scounterargument

C.serveaspreludetotheauthor’sargument

D.bringintofocuscontrastingopinions

问题5选项

A.AhistoricalperspectiveforalumnireunionsintheUnitedStates

B.Reasonsforpopularityandattendanceforalumnireunions

C.AlumnireunionsandAmericanuniversitytraditions

D.Alumnireunionanditssocialandeconomicimplications

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词“Sparacino'sstudy”可以定位到文章第三段中“Inhisstudy,Sparacinofoundthat,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshadbeenmorepopular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolvedinextracurricularactivitiesthanthoseclassmateswhochosenottoattend.”，中文翻译为：在他的研究中，斯帕拉奇诺发现，作为高中生，参加者比那些选择不参加的同学更受欢迎，更常被视为有吸引力，更多地参与课外活动。可以得知B选项“表明参与者往往在高中学习中表现优异”正确。

2.细节事实题。由A选项“美国的班级聚会通常是炫耀自己最近成功的机会。”可以定位到原文第三段“Certainly,afewreturntoshowtheirformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoyobservingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclassmates(notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse).Butthemajoritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethegoodtimestheyrememberhavingwhentheywereyounger.”，中文翻译为：当然，也有一些人回来向他们以前的同学展示他们做得多么好；还有一些人喜欢观察他们同学身上发生的变化（当然，他们自己并不总是这样）。但大多数参加班级聚会的人都是为了重温年轻时的美好时光。因此可知A选项错误，符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段“Alumniwhodecidetoattendtheirreunionsshareacommonidentitybasedontheyearstheyspenttogetherasundergraduates.Forthisreason,universitiesthatsomehowestablishacommonbond—forexample,becausetheyarerelativelysmallorespeciallyprestigious—tendtodrawsubstantialnumbersoftheiralumnitoreunions.”，中文翻译为：决定参加校友聚会的校友们都有一个共同的身份，这个身份基于他们在一起度过的大学生时代。出于这个原因，那些以某种方式建立了共同纽带的大学——例如，因为它们规模相对较小或特别有声望——往往会吸引大量校友参加聚会。可知B

选项“他们大学享有的特殊地位”正确。

4.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“Inhernovelof‘Reunion,AmericanStyle’,RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion‘ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackofnearlyallourminds.DidtheydobetterthanI?’”中文翻译为：在她的小说《美国风格的重聚》中，罗娜•贾菲暗示，一次班级聚会“不仅仅是一次感伤的旅程。这也是一种回答隐藏在我们所有人内心深处的问题的方式。他们比我做得好吗?”。以及原文第二段“Jaffe’sobservationmaybemisplacedbutnotcompletelylost.”，中文翻译为：贾菲的观察也许放错了地方，但并不是完全没有意义。判断出C选项“作为作者论证的前奏。”正确。

5.主旨大意题。通读全文判断出答案为A选项“美国校友聚会的历史视角”，D选项“校友聚会及其对社会和经济的影响。”属于文章第四段、第五段内容，B选项“受欢迎和出席校友聚会的原因。”属于文章第二段、第三段的内容，C选项“校友聚会和美国大学传统。”属于文章第六段、第七段、第八段、第九段的内容。

19.单选题

Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers£270million.Failuretoprovethatithadnopartincollusionwithothersupermarketsanddairyprocessorsmaylanditwithafineofatleast£80million.TheOfficeofFairTrading(OFT)saidyesterdaythatAsda,Sainsbury’sandtheformerSafeway,plusthedairycompaniesWiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompany,hadadmittedbeinginacarteltofixpricesformilk,butterandcheese.Theywerefinedatotalofjustover£116millionaspartofaleniencydealofferedbythewatchdogtocompaniesthatownedupquicklytoanti-competitivebehavior.

OfficialsattheOFTadmittedprivatelythattheydidnotthinktheywouldeverdiscoverwhichcompanyorindividualhadinitiatedthepricingformulA.Butthewatchdogrecognizesthatatthetimesupermarketswereunderpressurefrompoliticiansandfarmerstoraisethecostofmilktosavedairyfarming,thoughitisnotcertainthatmoneyfounditswaytofarmers.TheOFTclaimedinSeptemberthatithadfoundevidencethattheretailchainshadpassedfuturemilkpricestodairycompanies,whichthenreachedafixedpriceamongthemselves.

Theaveragecosttoeachhouseholdisthoughttobe£11.25over2002and2003.Priceswentupanextra3ponapintofmilk,15ponaquarterofapoundofbutterand15ponahalf-poundofcheese.Thereisnodirectrecompenseforconsumers,however,andthemoneywillgototheTreasury.TheNationalConsumerCouncilgavewarningthattheadmissionswoulddentconsumerconfidenceinleadinghighstreetnamesandthatpeoplewouldbecomeskepticaloftheirclaims.FarmersforAction,thegroupoffarmersthathasledprotestsoverlowmilkpricessince2000,isseekinglegaladviceonwhetheritcannowbringaclaimforcompensation.

TheOFTinvestigationiscontinuing,however,inrelationtoTesco,MorrisonandthedairygroupLactalisMcLelland,andanylegalactionisexpectedtobedelayeduntilthatiscompleted.

Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions.LucyNeville-Rolfe,itsexecutivedirector,said:“Aswehavealwayssaid,weactedindependentlyandwedidnotcolludewithanyone.Ourpositionisdifferentfromourcompetitorsandwearedefendingourowncasevigorously.Ourphilosophyistogiveagooddealtocustomers.”

MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthatthecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation,

Sainsbury’sadmittedyesterdaythatithadagreedtopay£26millioninfines,butdeniedthatithadsoughttoprofiteer.JustinKing,thechiefexecutive,saidhewasdisappointedthatthecompanyhadbeenpenalizedforactionsmeanttohelpfarmersbutrecognizedthebenefitofaspeedysettlement.Asdadeclinedtosayhowmuchitwouldpayinfinesandalsosaidthatitsintentionhadbeentohelpfarmersunderseverefinancialpressure.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayinferthat______.

2.Whoismostprobablytheinitiatorofthepricingformula?

3.Theword“defiant”inPara.5mostprobablymeans______.

4.WemayinferfromMorrison’sstatementthat______.

5.Thewriter’sattitudetoTescocanbesaidtobe______.

问题1选项

A.Tescoisthemostresoluteamongalltheretailerstodefenditsreputation

B.itisalreadyprovedthatTescohascolludedwithAsda,Wiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompanyinfixingthedairyprice

C.Tescoistryingitsbesttoproveitsinnocenceofthescandal

D.Tescoisofferedaleniencydealof£80millionbecauseofitsquickresponsetotheanti-competitivebehaviors

问题2选项

A.Retailchains

B.Farmers

C.Dairycompanies

D.Politicians

问题3选项

A.confident

B.angry

C.deficient

D.challenging

问题4选项

A.MorrisonturnouttobethemostdefensivewhendealingwithOFT

B.MorrisonisreluctanttosupporttheinquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusiness

C.industryinsiderssuggestthatMorrisonwastryingtodelaytheOFTinvestigationwithnon-cooperation

D.Morrisonindeedrefusestoadmititsinvolvementinthescandal

问题5选项

A.objective

B.biased

C.sympathetic

D.optimistic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段。A选项“特易购是所有零售商中最坚决捍卫自己声誉的。”推测其他的零售商勾结，并没有体现出捍卫自身的声誉，可排除。B选项“事实已经证明，特易购与阿斯达、怀斯曼、乳品佳洁士和奶酪公司串通操纵乳品价格。”理解错误，特易购要证明自己并没有与其他零售商勾结。C选项“特易购正尽力证明自己在丑闻中的清白。”由题干定位到第一句“Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers£270million”中文翻译：特易购正准备打一场法律战，以澄清自己卷入这起导致消费者损失2.7亿英镑的奶制品价格操纵丑闻的名声。符合题意，因此C选项正确。D选项“由于特易购对反竞争行为的快速反应，特易购获得了8000万英镑的宽大处理。”理解错误，如果Tesco不能证明自己的清白，将面临8000万英镑的罚款。D选项可排除。综上所述，C选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据题干，A选项“Retailchains”（零售连锁店），文中所说的零售商只是将奶制品的价格提供给公司，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“Famers”（农民），文中所说的不确定农民是否得到了钱。C选项“Dairycompanies”（乳制品公司），文中所说乳制品公司操纵了的价格，符合题意，C选项正确。D选项“Politicians”（政治家），文中所说，财政部获得了补偿，因此，也可排除。综上所述，C选项正确。

3.词义辨析题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第一句“Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions”，中文翻译为：特易购对此不以为然，并表示正准备为自己的行为进行强有力的辩护。A选项“自信的”，特易购正准备为自己的行为进行辩护，可推测他对行为很自信。A选项最符合词义。B选项“生气的”，文中没有体现特易购生气，可排除。C选项“不足的，有缺陷的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“挑战性的”，不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthat

thecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation.中文翻译为：莫里森支持OFT对其接管的前Safeway业务的调查，但在一份声明中表示，莫里森仍在为OFT进行“强有力的辩护”。LactalisMcLelland的发言人表示，该公司正在与OFT“合作”。业内人士暗示，这三家公司是在故意拖延OFT的调查。判断出C选项“业内人士暗示，莫里森是在试图以不合作的方式拖延OFT的调查”正确。A选项“在处理OFT时，莫里森是最具防御性的”，这里并没有体现莫里森具有防御性，可排除。B选项“莫里森不愿支持对前西夫韦公司的调查”，文中所说，莫里森支持对前Safeway公司的调查，因此，B选项错误。D选项“莫里森公司确实拒绝承认与丑闻有关”，文中并没有提及，可排除。综上所述，C选项正确。

5.观点态度题。通读全文，A选项“objective”（客观的），文中作者对Tesco的态度比较客观，符合题意，A选项正确；B选项“biased”（有偏见的），文中并没有体现作者对于Tesco的偏见，可排除；C选项“sympathetic”（同情的），不符合题意，可排除；D选项“optimistic”（积极的），不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，A选项正确。

20.单选题

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensus—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdatA.Thesedatamaybequantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofotherwiseunwieldymassordata.

Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatp